EP1420944B1 - Briquetting system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for briquetting waste material, especially metal chips, comprising a briquetting press, and a device associated with said briquetting press and comprising a container that is open to the top. A filling screw is mounted inside the container and conveys the waste material to the briquetting press. Directly above the bottom of the container at least two feeder screws are disposed that are arranged next to the filling screw at a defined angle, preferably a right angle.

Description

The invention relates to a device for briquetting of waste material according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a device is characterized by the US 5 017 124 A known. The filling screw is only supported on one side of the container. The disadvantage is that the waste material is only loosely supplied to the briquette press and thus the briquettes are insufficiently precompressed.

From the DE 33 33 766 A1 and the EP 0 367859 B1 Further facilities for briquetting of waste material are known. These are devices in which the often extremely loose waste material by means of a special feeder device in the briquette press, and first in the space of the press preliminary stage in the form of a precompression chamber, is passed. This room is usually located Above the actual press room. After filling the space of the press preliminary stage, the waste material is compressed by means of a hydraulically actuated and a rectilinear reciprocating vorkompressionskolbens. The compression of the waste material is done with the pressure of a mounted on the Vorkompressionskolben pusher. Lower the action of this pusher, the waste material is compressed or pre-pressed and simultaneously pressed into the actual press room, namely in the press chamber. During the actual pressing operation, the pre-pressing lever remains in its lower dead position and thus forms one of the press chamber walls. By means of a main pressing piston, which is usually mounted perpendicular to Vorkompressionskoiben, just as this is hydraulically driven and thereby exerts a linear reciprocating motion, compact briquettes are pressed from the pre-pressed waste material of stable form as an end product. The finished, in particular made of an elastic and formunbeständigen waste material, such as metal chips, briquettes tend to expand after compression again. Therefore, a device can be connected to the briquetting press, in the chambers of which the finished briquettes are pushed in immediately after completion and remain there for a certain time before they are stacked or packaged. The chambers restrict the tendency to change the shape. The actual briquette press and this additional device works virtually trouble-free, and their maintenance is very simple.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the productive operation of the device depends to a considerable extent on the feeder device. The waste material to be processed is usually supplied to the briquette press such that the containers filled with it are tilted from above into a feed hopper. In the lowest part of the hopper is a Füllschnekke, which promotes the waste material to where it is pressed. So that the waste material without blockage of the feed hopper and without overloading of the filling screw and thus undisturbed falls into the filling screw, the lower part of the hopper narrows in the direction of the filling screw, which is arranged in the vicinity of the bottom of the hopper. However, this narrowed part of the hopper reduces the volume of the hopper, so that the height of this hopper must be relatively large. In connection with this, it has to be taken into account that the containers are tilted from above into the hopper and consequently have to be lifted above it. The relatively large height is therefore a serious disadvantage.

Since, on the one hand, a homogeneous waste material can not be guaranteed, but on the other hand, the highest possible uniformity of the briquettes is desirable, an agitator is installed in the feed hopper. When processing unevenly long metal shavings, the short ones fall into the screw and are conveyed undisturbed to the briquetting press. However, the long metal chips remain in one place. Furthermore, in the processing of long-fiber waste materials, which currently include shavings from the metalworking, are expected to form these clumps that adhere to each other, as well as get stuck on the smallest edges and protrusions and do not get to the hopper floor or to wrap the agitator. This is another disadvantage of the known devices, because the waste material supply to the briquette press and thus the briquette from this waste material no longer take place automatically, but require manual intervention, especially in the removal of blockages in the hopper. Although this disadvantage can be partially counteracted by the fact that the metal chips comminuted before the funnel feeding by means of a crusher in 20-30 mm long pieces and be made into a bulk material, so that the usual means of transport or dosing can be used for the further transport of the bulk material. Not infrequently, however, also occur when using a crusher complications. This is almost always the case when not only long metal chips have to be processed, but also those whose strength is less than the diameter of the crusher. Such metal chips do not break but rather tend to wind up on the stirrer and auger, again reducing the amount of waste fed to the briquette press and making it impossible to fully utilize the installed capacity of the briquette press. The device including the briquetting press must therefore be switched off, and the wound metal chips must be removed from all rotating parts, in particular from the filling screw and the agitator, with great effort.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for briquetting of waste material according to the preamble of claim 1, the device undisturbed process any waste material including long, thin metal chips and thus can work without the need for a vigorous manual intervention.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

In the device according to the invention eliminates the need for a prior crushing of the waste material prior to its introduction into the device and the need for an agitator before introducing the waste material in the briquette press. The supply of a variety of materials, including long and thin metal shavings, existing waste material to briquette press is trouble-free.

According to a further expedient embodiment of the invention, the pressure roller is provided at its periphery with Anpressgliedern. As a result, the waste material is pressed particularly deep into the filling screw.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the device is associated with a tipper for lifting and emptying a container and that the container front wall of the device for engagement of the container has a lower height than the other container walls. This makes it possible to reduce the required height for the device.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the feeder augers are each provided with a separate drive which is operable in both directions of rotation. Therefore, the distribution of the waste material in the device can be controlled and counteracted clogging of the device.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, in addition to the own drive for the filling screw, the pressure roller is provided with a roller drive, and the Fütlschnedcenanirieb and the roller drive are operable in both directions of rotation. This can also counteract a winding of waste material.

According to a further expedient embodiment of the invention, a filling level monitoring is provided in the upper region of the device.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device can be attached as an independent module to the briquetting press. The device can therefore be easily replaced by another, even depending on the type of waste material against a different kind.

The invention further relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the briquette press a mold chamber in which a press die is movable and which has a feed opening for the entry of the expelled from an opening of the container pressed material, and a closure slide means for closing and Opening the mold chamber end has.

Such a device is from the EP-B1-0 748 276 known. There, the screw conveyor conveys the material to be pressed via the container opening and the feed opening directly into the mold chamber. This device is especially intended for briquetting waste and waste paper. However, if the material to be compacted has adhering emulsions, oil fractions or air, as is the case with some dusts of exhaust air treatment plants from various production processes or with metal abrasive slurries, briquetting is difficult because of the moistures contained in the material to be pressed.

Compared to this known device, the device according to the invention is intended to facilitate the briquetting of wetted with pressed material.

This is achieved in that a tube is provided between the container opening and the feed opening, which is provided with screen openings.

Through the screen openings of the tube can now be the damps from the rest Be separated and run out of compressed material, so that largely dry pressed material passes into the mold chamber, in which it can then be better compressed. The separated moist substances can be collected and disposed of or reused in the processing machines.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the sieve opening in the form of formed in the tube longitudinal direction or obliquely extending slots. Therefore, the material to be pressed during the conveying process for draining enough time.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the tube consists of two nested, mutually adjustable pipe parts to change the size of the effective screen openings. The screen openings in the tube parts can have different slot sizes with the same pitch. By simply turning one of the two pipe parts, it is therefore possible to set the desired gap. A particular advantage is that by setting the gap to maximum size, blockages can be easily eliminated.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the container with screw conveyor and worm drive relative to the mold chamber in the screw longitudinal direction is arranged displaceable and lockable and that the tube is attached to the container easily replaceable. If the route for separating the moist substances from the pressed material is too short for some types of pressed material, then, for example, a longer tube can be inserted between the container opening and the feed opening, which allows the pressed material to drip off for a longer time.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht einer Einrichtung zum Brikettieren von Abfallmaterialien gemäß der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht der Einrichtung der Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf die Einrichtung der Fig. 1 in Richtung der Linie III-III,

Fig. 4

eine Vorderansicht der Einrichtung der Fig. 1 in Richtung der Linie IV-IV,

Fig. 5

eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Fig. 1 in Bezug auf die Lage der Schnecken und Anpresswalze,

Fig.

6, 7 und 8 verschiedene Ausführungen von Schnecken in vergrößerter Darstellung, als Späneförderer bei Anbau an Bearbeitungsmaschinen,

Fig. 9

eine Seitenansicht einer Brikettpresse zum Brikettieren von Metallschleifschlämmen,

Fig. 10

eine Draufsicht auf die Brikettpresse der Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

einen vergrößerten Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführung eines bei einer Brikettpresse verwendeten Rohrs und

Fig. 12

eine vergrößerte Einzelheit der Fig. 11.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of a device for briquetting of waste materials according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a plan view of the device of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a top view of the device of Fig. 1 in the direction of the line III-III,

Fig. 4

a front view of the institution of Fig. 1 in the direction of the line IV-IV,

Fig. 5

an enlarged partial view of the Fig. 1 in relation to the position of the screws and pressure roller,

FIG.

6, 7 and 8 different versions of augers in an enlarged view, as a chip conveyor when mounted on processing machines,

Fig. 9

a side view of a briquetting press for briquetting metal abrasive slurries,

Fig. 10

a top view of the briquette press of FIG. 9,

Fig. 11

an enlarged cross-section through another embodiment of a pipe used in a briquetting press and

Fig. 12

an enlarged detail of Fig. 11 ,

In the device shown in the figures is an interrupted filling a device 3 of containers 1 is provided, and the device is equipped with a known, working with pre-pressing briquetting press 7. The device 3 comprises a container which consists of a bottom 36, two side walls 31, 32, a front wall 33 on the side of a tipper 2 and an opposite rear wall 34. The device 3 can be attached to a briquetting press 7 as an independent module. The tipper 2 is located in front of the device 3, serves to receive the filled with the waste material to be briquetted container 1 and its lifting and emptying into the device 3, which is designed to suit. The side walls 31, 32 and the rear wall 34 are about the same height; however, the front wall 33 is kept significantly lower at the point where the container 1 is emptied. At the upper edges of the side walls 31, 32 or at other locations in the vicinity of these upper edges, one or more light barriers 35 may be attached to prevent overfilling. At the lower front wall 33 three independent drives 41 are attached to three feeder screws 4, which are mounted horizontally and parallel to each other above the floor 36 and mounted only on the front wall 33. Perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the feeder screws 4 and at the same height with these a filling screw 5 is arranged, which is also mounted above the bottom 36, provided with its own drive 51 and is mounted only on the side wall 31. Notwithstanding this rectangular arrangement of feeder screws and filling screw they can also be arranged at a different angle to each other. Above the filling screw 5 there is a pressure roller 6 arranged in parallel therewith, which is also provided with its own drive 62 and pressing members 61. The pressing members 61 are metal strips which are welded to the surface of the pressure roller and extend in the longitudinal direction, at equal distances from each other and parallel to each other. The pressure roller 6 is arranged such that in an emergency at standstill and during operation of the Fill screw 5 can move away. This can be achieved, for example, by a non-illustrated spring-back mounting of the pressure roller 6. The drive 51 opposite, free end of the filling screw 5 opens in a pre-compression chamber of the already mentioned, but not further described briquetting press 7 a.

In the FIGS. 6 to 8 are further possible arrangements of feeder and auger shown with their drives, z. B. as chip-fitter on turning or milling machines.

In Fig. 6 are two closely arranged in a container 37 parallel feed augers 42, 43 at a right angle to the filling screw 5, which is driven by the drive 51 and is connected to the briquetting press 7. The two feeder screws 42, 43 are provided with their own drives 41.

In the Fig. 6 resembling Fig. 7 lie in a container 38 arranged parallel feeder screws 42, 43 in comparison to Fig. 6 far apart.

In Fig. 8 the feeder screws 42, 44 are at right angles to each other, while a filling screw 53 is arranged at right angles to the feeder screw 44. Feed screws 42, 44 and filling screws 53 are housed in a container 39.

The operation of the device according to the invention is the following: The filled with the waste material, such as metal chips, container 1 is moved manually into the tipper 2, which is set in the usual way, for example by means of a pressure switch, in operation and during the tilting movement Container 1 completely emptied into the device 3. A scattering of metal chips over the lower front wall 33 to the outside, thereby preventing that the container 1 shuts off the free from the front wall 33 Einschüttöffnung. At start of operation, the empty device 3 may be filled with the waste material from more than one container 1 before the rotary parts of the device 3 start to rotate. The light barrier 35 monitors the level of the device 3. In response to a signal from the light barrier 35, the rotary parts, namely the feeder screws 4 and the filling screw 5, are put into operation. The feeder screws 4 convey the metal shavings in the direction of the filling screw 5, which takes over the metal shavings and directs them to the briquetting press 7 with a change of direction. The processed in the briquetting metal chips do not need to be crushed before introduction into the device 3. The device according to the invention also needs no agitator for mixing the various metal chips, which might have to be used because of a trouble-free transport of the metal chips. The device is thus able to process chips of different thickness and length, Metallspanknäuel etc. without any pre-processing. The pressure roller 6 with its own roller drive 62 ensures that no long chips are wound onto the filling screw 5 and this can no longer fulfill their function. The task of the pressure roller 6 and in particular of the pressing members 61 is to push the waste material into the free places of the screw of the filling screws 5 and also to prevent them from moving differently than in their axial direction. The metal chips to be processed can not fall out, because the receiving space for the filling screw 5 has a corner, which is formed from the bottom 36 and the rear wall 34.

Thus, a winding of the long metal chips on the feeder screws 4 and the filling screw 5 can be reliably prevented, the drives 41 of the feeder screws 4 and the drive 51 of the filling screw 5 in both rotation directions. These drives can therefore be adjusted so that the feeder screws 4 and the filling screw 5 first move for a certain time in the forward direction of rotation and then a few revolutions in the reverse direction. It has been found that the metal chips wound on the screws during the forward direction of rotation are released by this movement in the reverse direction of rotation. Then, when the screws move back in the forward direction of rotation, the released metal chips are taken in the desired direction. The same applies to the pressure roller 6 and the roller drive 61, wherein the pressure roller 6 does not necessarily need to rotate in the same direction of rotation as the filling screw 5. The metal chips are thus reliably transported in the direction of the pre-compression chamber of the briquetting press 7, in which the actual briquetting takes place. From the briquetting press 7 the finished briquettes pass through the briquette exit 71 into the open, but it can be connected to the briquette 71 also aftertreatment devices, which serve to ensure that the briquettes retain their shape better.

As already mentioned, the feed screws 4, the filling screw 5 and the pressure roller 6 are equipped with separate drives; These separate drives allow that in the case where there is an uneven distribution of the metal chips on the bottom 36 of the device 3, which operates a feeder screw, but another feed screw can be stopped. The setting of the independent gear of the individual feed screws 4, the mutual ratio of the speeds of the feed screws 4 in the forward rotation and reverse rotation, optionally the same speed ratio of the filling screw 5 and the pressure roller 6, the function of the photocell 35 for the start of the rotary parts, the dependency the running of the rotating parts from the resistance of the waste material to be processed, etc. are controlled by programming units, which are generally known and not the subject of the invention. However, these programming units can also have different programs with particular or strongly differing properties. Depending on the conditions within the device 3, for example by means of a frequency converter, the rotational speeds of the individual rotary parts can be changed such that, for example, the individual feeder screws 4 are operated at different speeds.

The waste material also does not need to be introduced in the manner described, that is to say with container 1 and tipper 2. Rather, the waste material to be processed, for example, be introduced with a conveyor belt. In this case, the start of the rotary parts can also be controlled by means of the photocell 35, depending on how high the device 3 is filled.

The device illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 has a feed container 3 in the form of a funnel for filling in pressed material, which opens into a trough 102. In the tub 102, a screw conveyor is mounted, which is driven by a worm drive 41. This worm drive consists of a gearbox and an electric motor. the tub 102 is provided with a container opening 105 in the region of the screw conveyor r.

The device further has a base plate 106 which carries a forming chamber 107 and a cylinder-piston unit 108 attached thereto, the piston 109 of which is provided with a ram 110. The piston 109 is driven by a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, not shown. The ram 110 is reciprocated for briquetting in the forming chamber 107. The molding chamber 107 is provided with a side feed opening 111 Mistake. Between the container opening and the feed opening 111, a tube 112 is arranged with a sieve opening, which are formed in the form of slots, such as the slot 113. The tube 112 is easily replaceable attached to the trough 102. The feed container 3 with screw conveyor 4 and worm drive 41 is arranged displaceable relative to the mold chamber 107 in the screw longitudinal direction and lockable, so that tubes 112 of different types and lengths can be used.

The device furthermore has a closure slide device 114, which consists of a cylinder-piston unit and a closure slide 116 connected to its piston 115, which shoots or opens the end of the molding chamber 107 opposite the press die 110. The drive of the piston 115 is pneumatically or hydraulically.

The device also has a displacement sensor 117, which is attached to the cylinder-piston unit 108. By way of derogation, however, it is also possible to use a displacement transducer, preferably as an ultrasonic or laser rangefinder, outside of the cylinder-piston unit 108. With this transducer a variable pressing process is possible. The speed of the ram is variable in the forward direction and can thus be adapted to an optimum press result. This variable speed can be achieved, for example, preferably with controllable pumps at constant speed or with constant pumps with preferably frequency-controlled drive motors.

The device can also operate in such a way that a failure to reach the predetermined pressure end position of the ram 110 is detected by the displacement transducer 117, which then causes a repetition of the pressing process with the ram 110.

After the feed container 3 has been charged, the material to be compacted, in this case the metal grinding slurry, is driven into the pipe 112 and into the forming chamber 107 by the screw conveyor 4 when the closure slide 116 is closed. The moist substances of the sludge are separated from the remaining pressed material by means of the screw pressure. The damps pass over the slots 113 of the tube 112 and are collected and disposed of in a manner not shown. The worm drive 41 is provided with a current collector, which responds before blocking the screw conveyor 4 and the worm drive 41 stops. The dehumidified pressed material in the mold chamber 107 is now pressed by the press ram into briquettes, which are ejected after opening the closure slide 116. In some types of press material, it is advantageous if the press die is relaxed after the first pressing operation and pressurized once again. As a result, the residual air or moisture in the briquette compressed with pressing pressures of up to 5000 kg / m ² can escape more easily.

The tube 112 shown in Figures 9 and 10 can after the FIGS. 11 and 12 Also be designed such that the effective screen openings are adjustable.

That in the FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrated tube 112 'consists of two nested, mutually adjustable pipe parts 118, 119 for changing the size of the screen openings. The two tube parts 118, 119 have an equal pitch of the slots. The slots, such as the slot 120 and the slot 121, are not arranged in the tube longitudinal direction, but in the tube transverse direction. The slots 120 are wider than the slots 121 chosen. In the in Fig. 12 shown maximum working position can be reduced by turning the tube member 118, the effective slot openings. In the in the Fig. 11 shown position of the two tube parts 118, 119, however, a blockage of the slots 120, 121 can be easily eliminated.

Claims (11)

1. Apparatus for the briquetting of waste material, in particular metal chips, the apparatus comprising the following elements:

   - a briquette press (7),

   - a device (3) which is assigned to the briquette press (7) and which has an upwardly open receptacle (37) in which is arranged on the bottom (36) a filling worm (5), the free end of which issues in a prepressing chamber of the briquette press (7) for the conveyance of the waste material to the briquette press (7),

   - at least two feeder worms (4) which are arranged horizontally and parallel to one another, directly above the bottom (36) of the receptacle (37) and next to the filling worm (5), and at a specific angle, preferably at a right angle, to the latter, and which convey the metal chips in the direction of the filling worms (5),

   characterized
   in that a pressure roller (6) is arranged above the filling worm (5).
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure roller (6) is provided on its circumference with pressure members (61).
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the charging device (3) is assigned a tipper (2) for raising and emptying a container (1), and in that the receptacle front wall (33) of the charging device (3) has, for the engagement of the container (1), a lower height than the remaining receptacle walls (31, 32, 34).
4. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the feeder worms (4) are provided in each case with an independent drive (41) which can be operated in both directions of rotation.
5. Apparatus according to one of Claims 2 to 4, in which the filling worm is provided with a specific drive, characterized in that the pressure roller (6) is provided with a roller drive (62), and in that the filling-worm drive (51) and the roller drive (62) can be operated in both directions of rotation.
6. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a filling-height monitoring facility (35) is provided in the upper region of the charging device (3).
7. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the device (3) can be mounted as an independent module on the briquette press (7).
8. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the briquette press has a forming chamber, in which a press ram can be moved and which has a supply port for the entry of the press stock expelled from a port of the receptacle, and has a closure slide device for closing and opening the form-chamber end, characterized in that a tube (112, 112'), which is provided with screen apertures (13; 120, 121), is arranged between the receptacle port (105) and the supply port (111).
9. Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the screen apertures are produced in the form of slots (13) running in the tube longitudinal direction.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the tube (112') consists of two tube parts (118, 119), nested one in the other and adjustable with respect to one another, for varying the size of the effective screen apertures.
11. Apparatus according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the receptacle (3), together with a conveying worm (4) and worm drive (41), is arranged displaceably in the worm longitudinal direction and lockably with respect to the forming chamber (107), and in that the tube (112, 112') is fastened easily exchangeably to the receptacle (3).

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