EP1413029B1 - Verfahren zur anbringung einer edelmetallspitze auf einer elektrode, elektrode und zündkerze - Google Patents
Verfahren zur anbringung einer edelmetallspitze auf einer elektrode, elektrode und zündkerze Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1413029B1 EP1413029B1 EP02753022A EP02753022A EP1413029B1 EP 1413029 B1 EP1413029 B1 EP 1413029B1 EP 02753022 A EP02753022 A EP 02753022A EP 02753022 A EP02753022 A EP 02753022A EP 1413029 B1 EP1413029 B1 EP 1413029B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- metal tip
- region
- precious metal
- noble metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000923 precious metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 68
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
- H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for mounting a noble metal tip on an electrode, an electrode and a spark plug according to the preamble of the independent claims.
- the electrode may be a ground or center electrode of a spark plug.
- the inventive method for attaching a noble metal tip on an electrode, the electrode according to the invention and the spark plug according to the invention with the features of the independent claims have the advantage that the noble metal tip in a first region and the electrode in a second region adjacent to the first region , Is melted to form a mixed alloy in these areas, wherein the first region is chosen so that it is completely encased in a ring around the material of the noble metal tip. Due to the mixed alloy, the connection between the Precious metal tip and the electrode durable. Due to the approximately annular complete sheathing of the first region of the material of the noble metal tip, the noble metal tip and the connection between the noble metal tip and the electrode remain wear-resistant and resistant to corrosion and erosion.
- the two areas are melted by means of laser energy.
- the two areas for the formation of the mixed alloy defined and melt with high local precision, so that melting of the noble metal tip or the electrode outside the two areas can be prevented.
- the melting process in the two areas for forming the mixed alloy by using the laser energy with appropriate laser power can be realized very quickly.
- Another advantage is that the laser energy is applied by a laser element by means of a laser pulse. In this way, the energy required to melt the two areas can be provided precisely and in a defined and predetermined manner by selecting the power and time of the laser pulse.
- FIG. 1 shows a first step
- FIG. 2 shows a second step
- FIG. 3 shows a third step
- FIG. 4 shows a fourth step of the method according to the invention for forming an electrode according to the invention, for example for a spark plug.
- Such lifetime can be achieved at least for spark plugs with a ground electrode designed as a roof electrode only by the use of noble metal alloys on the center electrode and the opposite ground electrode.
- These precious metal alloys may be attached to the respective electrodes of the spark plug by, for example, extrusion, plating, resistance welding and laser welding or laser alloying.
- These electrodes are made of nickel alloys, for example.
- the process technology for the preparation of the connection between the noble metal alloy and such an electrode high demands are made, because the Properties of the noble metal alloys in comparison to nickel alloys in terms of melting and boiling point and thermal expansion coefficient differ greatly.
- An inexpensive joining method is resistance welding.
- the noble metal alloy When the noble metal alloy is bonded to the nickel alloy by resistance welding, it may be heated in the region of its juxtaposition when this compound is heated due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion and diffusion zone thicknesses in the boundary region between the noble metal alloy and the nickel alloy Tearing open the connection.
- the resulting gap corrosion occurs, especially when the electrode is inserted as a ground or center electrode in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and is surrounded by the local gas mixtures. Thus, the life of such compounds is limited.
- One method that results in a more stable bond between the noble metal alloy and the nickel alloy is to attach a weld between the noble metal alloy and the nickel alloy using a laser welding process.
- the attachment of such welds is relatively expensive and requires a relatively high cost of materials for the noble metal alloy.
- 5 denotes an electrode which may be, for example, the center electrode of a spark plug.
- the electrode 5 comprises a tip 20 which can form a depression according to FIG. 1, but need not.
- the electrode 5 is metallic and may for example be formed at least partially from nickel. In the following, it will be assumed by way of example that the electrode 5 is formed from a nickel alloy.
- FIG. 1 furthermore shows a noble metal tip 1, which may be formed from a pure noble metal or from a noble metal alloy.
- pure precious metals can be used, for example, gold, platinum or iridium. When using precious metal alloys, this can also be done using gold, platinum or iridium.
- the noble metal tip 1 should be formed as a noble metal alloy and contain a proportion of platinum.
- the noble metal tip 1 is shaped on its underside 35 such that it can be received as accurately as possible from the tip 20 of the electrode 5.
- the noble metal tip 1 on its underside 35 a highlighting, which corresponds to the recess 20 at the top of the electrode 5.
- the diameter of the precious metal tip is 1 It is about the same size as the diameter of the electrode 5 in the region of its tip 20. However, it could also be chosen larger or smaller.
- the noble metal tip 1 is now set accurately on the tip 20 of the electrode 5, as indicated by the arrow in FIG.
- the noble metal tip 1 is welded to the electrode 5 in the region in which the noble metal tip 1 adjoins the electrode 5, for example by a resistance welding method.
- This area is identified by the reference numeral 40 in FIG. He is referred to below as the welding area.
- the thickness of the resulting diffusion zone in the welding region 40 is usually a few microns and is thus prone to thermal stress cracks due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the noble metal tip 1 and the nickel-containing electrode fifth
- the noble metal tip 1 is melted in a first region 10 and the electrode 5 in a second region 15, which is adjacent to the first region 10, in order in these regions 10, 15 a mixed alloy of the material of the noble metal tip 1 and the Material of the electrode 5 to form, so a mixed alloy of the noble metal alloy of the noble metal tip 1 and the nickel alloy of the electrode 5 according to the example chosen here.
- the first region 10 is determined in such a way that it is completely surrounded by the material of the noble metal tip 1 approximately annularly, as can be seen in FIG.
- like reference numerals designate like elements.
- the welding region 40 is in the region of a boundary region 25 of the first area 10 to the second area 15 in Figure 3 for clarity by hatching highlighted and indicated by the reference numeral 45. He is referred to below as the border welding area.
- the boundary welding region 45 is also melted, which after the second process step according to FIG. 2 as part of the welding region 40 resulted in the described diffusion zone between the noble metal tip 1 and the electrode 5.
- the complete mixing of the material of the noble metal tip 1 and of the material of the electrode 5 results in the third process step according to FIG. 3.
- an approximately homogeneous noble metal-nickel alloy in the second area 15 and in the boundary welding area 45, an approximately homogeneous noble metal-nickel alloy, the ring according to Figure 3 in the region of the noble metal tip 1 approximately annularly completely from the material of the noble metal tip 1, in the region of the electrode 5 completely from the material of the electrode 5 and is completely surrounded by the diffusion zone in the region of the welding region 40. It is crucial, above all, that the first region 10 is completely surrounded by the material of the noble metal tip 1 in a ring-shaped manner.
- the mixed alloy is completely separated in the region of the noble metal tip 1 to its combustion chamber side face of the atmosphere surrounding the noble metal tip 1 and thus protected from environmental influences and not exposed to erosion and corrosion, especially in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- the mixed alloy forming in the first region 10, in the second region 15 and in the boundary welding region 45 is completely separated from the surrounding atmosphere in the region of the electrode 5, since the second region 15, with the exception of its boundary region 50, also reaches the boundary welding region 45 first Area 10 is completely surrounded by the material of the electrode 5.
- the connection between the noble metal tip 1 and the electrode 5 is made particularly stable and durable and is no longer subject to the risk of cracking in the region of the diffusion zone between precious metal tip 1 and electrode 5.
- approximately annular shield of resulting mixed alloy of noble metal fractions and nickel contents in front of the surrounding atmosphere is prevented, especially in the region of the connection between the noble metal tip 1 and the electrode 5 that the erosion and corrosion-prone mixed alloy is exposed to harmful environmental influences, so that the connection between the noble metal tip 1 and the electrode 5 particularly is durable.
- the melting of the first region 10, the boundary welding region 45 and the second region 15 can be realized for example by means of laser energy.
- the laser energy can be applied.
- reference numeral 55 denotes a laser beam.
- the laser beam is focused on the first region 10, the boundary welding region 45 and the second region 15 and ensures a locally precise melting of these regions and thus the formation of a homogeneous homogeneous mixed alloy which is as constant as possible in these regions.
- the laser energy can be applied, for example, by means of a laser pulse to a, in the case of a spark plug combustion chamber side, end face of the noble metal tip 1.
- the laser energy is not applied to the entire end face of the noble metal tip 1, but to an approximately circular area which is surrounded by an approximately annular region of the end face.
- the precious metal tip 1 Only in the circular region of the end face and underneath is the precious metal tip 1 thus melted to give the first region 10, which is completely encased in an annular manner by the material of the noble metal tip 1.
- the use of a laser pulse enables a specific and defined provision of the energy required for the melting of the first region 10, the second region 15 and the boundary welding region 45.
- the laser pulse may have a power of about 1 kW for a time of about 10 ms.
- the mixed alloy identified by the reference numeral 60 has a coefficient of thermal expansion between that of the noble metal alloy of the noble metal tip 1 and that of the nickel alloy of the electrode 5. Cracks due to thermal stresses are thereby avoided, especially in the area of the mixed alloy 60.
- the connection between the noble metal tip 1 and the electrode 5 is thus durable. This is all the more the greater the cross section of the mixed alloy 60 in the region of the weld region 40, ie the diffusion zone. Only a combustion chamber-side end face 100 of the mixed alloy 60 is not surrounded by the non-melted material of the noble metal tip 1 and thus exposed directly to the combustion chamber. Since, according to FIG.
- the first region 10 is completely surrounded by non-molten material of the noble metal tip 1 approximately annularly, the mixed alloy 60 according to FIG. 4 is largely shielded from environmental influences in the region of the noble metal tip 1.
- the mixed alloy 60 according to FIG. 4 is largely shielded from environmental influences in the region of the noble metal tip 1.
- the very good erosion and corrosion properties of the noble metal alloy used continue before.
- corrosion and erosion are prevented and the durability of the connection between the noble metal tip 1 and the electrode 5 is increased.
- the formed electrode 5 with the noble metal tip 1 is thus durable with minimal use of precious metals under combustion chamber conditions as well as erosion and corrosion resistant.
- the second process step of the welded joint and the third process step of the laser alloy can be carried out in a short cycle time and simultaneously. Thus, the manufacturing time is not increased compared to a pure welded joint or laser alloy.
- the electrode 5 is exemplified here as the center electrode of a spark plug.
- a noble metal tip may also be attached to a ground electrode, such as a roof electrode or a side electrode.
- a spark plug can be provided in which both the center electrode and one or more ground electrodes each comprise a noble metal tip, the noble metal tip of the center electrode of the noble metal tip facing a ground electrode to form the spark gap to minimize electrode wear and extend the life of the spark plug ,
- the spark plug is referenced in all figures by the reference numeral 65 and is for clarity only on the basis of a section of the electrode 5, which acts in this example as the center electrode of the spark plug 65, shown.
- like reference numerals designate like elements, and the electrode 5 and the noble metal tip 1 are shown in a longitudinal section.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2001134671 DE10134671A1 (de) | 2001-07-20 | 2001-07-20 | Verfahren zur Anbringung einer Edelmetallspitze auf einer Elektrode, Elektrode und Zündkerze |
| DE10134671 | 2001-07-20 | ||
| PCT/DE2002/002614 WO2003017443A1 (de) | 2001-07-20 | 2002-07-17 | Verfahren zur anbringung einer edelmetallspitze auf einer elektrode, elektrode und zündkerze |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1413029A1 EP1413029A1 (de) | 2004-04-28 |
| EP1413029B1 true EP1413029B1 (de) | 2007-04-25 |
Family
ID=7692045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02753022A Expired - Lifetime EP1413029B1 (de) | 2001-07-20 | 2002-07-17 | Verfahren zur anbringung einer edelmetallspitze auf einer elektrode, elektrode und zündkerze |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1413029B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2004538617A (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE10134671A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003017443A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101859984A (zh) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 内燃机用火花塞及其制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7049733B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2006-05-23 | Federal-Mogul Worldwide, Inc. | Spark plug center electrode assembly |
| US9673593B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2017-06-06 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Spark plug having firing pad |
| US9318879B2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2016-04-19 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Spark plug having firing pad |
| WO2014097983A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-26 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
| US9041274B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2015-05-26 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Spark plug having firing pad |
| JP5995912B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 | 2016-09-21 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグおよびスパークプラグの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2234920A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-02-20 | Ford Motor Co | Forming an erosion resistant tip on an electrode |
| EP0549368B1 (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1998-05-27 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | An electrode for a spark plug and a method of manufacturing the same |
| JP3121309B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-16 | 2000-12-25 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関用のスパークプラグ |
| US6337533B1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2002-01-08 | Denso Corporation | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing same |
| DE19961768B4 (de) * | 1998-12-21 | 2013-07-18 | Denso Corporation | Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit geschmolzenen Abschnitten aus einer Iridiumlegierung außerhalb eines Funkenabgabebereichs |
| JP3361479B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-30 | 2003-01-07 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグの製造方法 |
-
2001
- 2001-07-20 DE DE2001134671 patent/DE10134671A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-07-17 DE DE50210034T patent/DE50210034D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-17 JP JP2003522237A patent/JP2004538617A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-17 EP EP02753022A patent/EP1413029B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-17 WO PCT/DE2002/002614 patent/WO2003017443A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101859984A (zh) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 内燃机用火花塞及其制造方法 |
| CN101859984B (zh) * | 2009-04-09 | 2013-03-27 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 内燃机用火花塞及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003017443A1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
| JP2004538617A (ja) | 2004-12-24 |
| DE50210034D1 (de) | 2007-06-06 |
| EP1413029A1 (de) | 2004-04-28 |
| DE10134671A1 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
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