EP1448423A1

EP1448423A1 - Device for detecting rail movement

Info

Publication number: EP1448423A1
Application number: EP02802295A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Siegfried Pieper
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-10-28
Filing date: 2002-10-17
Publication date: 2004-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-17
Also published as: ATE297337T1; DE10152380A1; EA005746B1; US20050066743A1; ES2242903T3; EP1448423B1; US7228747B2; EA200400602A1; DE50203381D1; WO2003037695A1

Abstract

A device for holding a transmitter and a receiver for detecting a deformation state of a component. The device includes a first holding part and a first receptacle, the transmitter being disposed on the first holding part via the first receptacle, wherein the first receptacle and the first holding part, together with the component, form at least one of a first connecting element, a first clamp, a first positive fit joint, a first glued joint, and a first welded joint. The device also includes a second holding part and a second receptacle, the receiver being disposed on the second holding part using the via receptacle, wherein the second receptacle and the second holding part, together with the component, form at least one of a second connecting element, a second clamp, a second positive fit joint, a second glued joint, and a second welded joint.

Description

Device for detecting rail movements

The invention relates to a device for a transmitter and a receiver for detecting different deformation states of a component, which are arranged independently of one another and at a distance from one another via a receptacle on the component.

A deformation transducer is already known from international application WO 01/18487 AI, in which a transmitter and a receiver for measuring deformation states are arranged together on a plate. The plate is fastened to a component via at least one clamping element, the clamping element having two pointed or round contact parts and at least one bore corresponding to the plate.

The invention has for its object to design and arrange a holding device for a transmitter-receiver unit in such a way that simple and precise assembly is ensured.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the

The transmitter is arranged on a first holding part via a first receptacle and the receiver is arranged on a second holding part via a second receptacle, the respective receptacle and the respective holding part being one or more Form connecting elements or one or more clamping and form-locking connections or an adhesive connection or a welded connection with the component. This ensures that the transmitter and receiver are arranged independently of one another on the component, the receptacle for the transmitter and the receiver simultaneously serving as part of the clamp connection. By integrating the receptacle into the clamping device, a deformation of the receptacle and thus an adjustment of the transmitter or of the receiver is generated during the clamping process. The independence of the sender and receiver receptacle or holding part ensures that the component is not subjected to deformation. Neither the sender nor the receiver absorb a force generated by the deformation of the component.

It is also advantageous for this that the receptacle and the holding part have a corresponding fit, the fit being designed as a tongue and groove connection and / or as a dowel pin. Due to the fit, the assembly effort or the adjustment effort of the receptacle on the holding part is reduced to a minimum.

It is also advantageous that the receptacle is designed as a claw and is connected to the holding part by means of a pin and / or screw connection, the receptacle and / or the holding part having a clamping element designed as a bolt, screw and / or cam, which with the The component is in operative connection. By using an additional clamping element, the receptacle can be attached to the holding part independently of the clamping connection. With the independent clamping element, the holder can be held together with the holding part can be moved relative to the component without the connection between the receptacle and the holding part having to be released.

It is of particular importance for the present invention that the receptacle has a holding element for the transmitter and / or the receiver, the holding element being designed as a bore and having a fixing element designed as a cap nut for the transmitter and / or the receiver. The training as a precision hole ensures optimal protection for the transmitter or the receiver, which can be inserted into the hole if it is long enough and sunk there.

It is also advantageous that the first receptacle for the transmitter and the second receptacle for the receiver have at least one corresponding adjustment surface that can be connected via an assembly aid, the adjustment surface being designed as a groove, bore and / or bevel and the assembly aid with the adjustment surface has corresponding adjustment elements such as a spring or a pin. As a result, a transmitter receptacle and a receiver receptacle can be aligned relative to one another in a simple manner. The assembly aid can be used for any recordings and does not have to remain on the device.

It is also advantageous that a plurality of receptacles are provided in a measuring area of the component, the receivers being operatively connected via an evaluation unit.

According to a further development, an additional possibility is that several transmitter-receiver pairs arranged on opposite sides of the component are provided. In the Using the device for measurement in track systems, the transmitters and receivers are each provided on opposite sides of the rail, i.e. with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rail on the right and left sides of the rail, and extend over a track section to be measured between 3 m and 30 m.

Finally, it is advantageous that a measurement current generated by the receiver is transformed into a measurement voltage within the evaluation unit and that the change in angle on which the voltage change is based is determined between the transmitter and receiver using the following formula:

u, -u ₂ Aa _l u _{l +} u ₂

In this context, it is advantageous that the load forces F _Q , F _γ on which the deformation of the component is based are determined at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the component using the following formula:

Δö _j - Δα ₂

F _y =

La + Δα ₂

where F _Q the force in the direction of the perpendicular and F _γ the force is perpendicular to it and a. _{lr 2 is} the change in angle of at least two different transmitter-receiver pairs which are arranged on one side and / or opposite one another with respect to the Y direction on the component. It is also advantageous for this that the deformation ΔX of the component is proportional to the detected change in angle Δα and is recorded as a function of the component length L, the area content of a deformation graph “X over L ^X ” determined in this way by a

Averaging ΔX 'of all the deformation graphs on which a load cycle is based is standardized and the ratio of the deformation ΔX to the standardized deformation ΔX' is calculated. For normalization, all are a normal burden. corresponding deformation graph averaged. The graphs deviating from a normal deformation are not taken into account, since they falsify the overall result of the mean load graph. In this way, all influencing variables such as temperature, track bed properties, material properties and basic load of the component are eliminated, so that a representation of a deformation of the component in relation to the basic load is guaranteed.

Finally, it is advantageous that the connecting element consists of the holding part which can be placed under the rail foot and a receiving part which is arranged on said rail so as to be vertically movable, at least two screws being able to be screwed into one leg, one screw against the component or the rail foot can be put on and the other screw part establishes a firm connection between the holding part and the component or the rail, the second leg being able to be pressed against the holding part via at least one screw. Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and shown in the figures. It shows:

Figure la is a schematic representation of a rail with a transmitter and a receiver;

Figure lb is a schematic representation of the rail with a transmitter-receiver unit;

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the rail in cross section with a receptacle and a holding part;

Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the rail with the receptacle and an assembly aid;

Figure 4a is a schematic representation of the rail with the transmitter, the receiver and a measuring beam;

FIG. 4b shows a schematic illustration of the transmitter and the receiver with a neutral measuring beam;

FIG. 4c shows a schematic representation of the transmitter and the receiver with the deflected measuring beam;

FIG. 4d shows a schematic illustration of the transmitter and the receiver in a side view with the measuring beam deflected;

Figure 5 shows the receiver with a power tap and part of the evaluation unit; FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of the rail in cross section with receivers arranged opposite and deflected measuring beam;

FIG. 7 measurement graph of two wheels with arrival and departure;

Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a track bed with several transmitter-receiver units and two pairs of detection switches;

FIG. 9al measurement graph of a bending line between two thresholds over time t;

FIG. 9a2 measurement graph of a bending line between two sleepers over the path s;

FIG. 9b a measuring graph of a bending line between two sleepers over the path s with a flat spot;

FIG. 9b2 correction graph for a bending line between two sleepers over the path s;

Figure 9cl correction graph for several measuring points over the path s;

FIG. 9c2 measurement graph of several measuring points over the path s;

FIG. 9d shows the relationship between the measurement graph and the correction graph over the path s;

Figure 9el representation of an application of the wheel through a load plateau; Figure 9e2 representation of a polygons of the wheel by a load diagram;

FIG. 9e3 shows an out-of-roundness of the wheel by means of a load diagram;

Figure 9e4 representation of a flat point of the wheel by a load diagram.

FIG. 1 a shows a side view of a railroad rail 70 with a rail head 71 and a rail foot 72. A loading force F of a wheel 73 of a passenger or freight train, not shown, acts on the rail 70. The force F is introduced into the rail at point P. Via points P1 and P2 or thresholds 75, 75 ', force F is derived into the ideally represented subsurface 76, 76' or the track bed in the form of surface pressure. The load F causes the rail 70 and the elastic track bed to deform, which is received via a transmitter 2 and a receiver 3.

The transmitter 2 or the receiver 3 is in this case provided in a first receptacle 20 or a second receptacle 30, which are arranged on the rail foot 72 of the rail 70 via a first holding part 21 or via a second holding part 31 20 or the second receptacle 30 follow the deformation of the rail 70 or the deformation of the rail foot 72 generated by the load F and thus absorb the deformation cycle. There is no force between the transmitter 2 or the first receptacle 20 and the receiver 3 or the second receptacle 30 for recording the deformation cycle transferred so that the deformation cycle is determined without loss or influence.

According to FIG. 1b, a uniform transmitter-receiver unit 32 is arranged in the region of the rail foot 72. The transmitter-receiver unit 32 can be designed as a strain gauge and / or as a light guide, which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rail.

In FIG. 1c, two transmitter-receiver units 32, 32 'are arranged opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal direction of the rail 70. The attachment again takes place on the respective rail foot 72 or 72 '. The respective transmitter-receiver unit 32 is provided over the entire length between the threshold 75 and the threshold 75 '.

In FIG. 2, the first receptacle 20 for the transmitter 2 or the receiver 3 is arranged on the rail foot 72 of the rail 70. For this purpose, the first receptacle 20 has a screw connection 22 with a first holding part 21. In addition to the screw connection 22, the first receptacle 20 with the first holding part 21 has a fit 40 which consists of a spring 42 of the first receptacle 20 and a groove 41 of the first holding part 21. The spring 42 is pressed into the groove 41 by the screw connection 22, so that a positive connection is ensured at the connection point between the first receptacle 20 and the first holding part 21.

The first receptacle 20 is essentially L-shaped and has a first leg 20.1 and a second leg 20.2. The fit 40 with the spring 42 and the groove 41 is provided between the second leg 20.2 and the first holding part 21. The Spring 42 is on the second leg 20.2 of the first receptacle 20 and the groove 41 is arranged on the first holding part 21. In addition to the screw connection 22, the fit 40 ensures a positive connection between the first receptacle 20 and the first holding part 21.

The connecting element can consist of the holding part which can be placed under the rail foot and a receiving part which is arranged on the rail and is made of two legs, wherein at least two screws can be screwed into one leg, one screw being able to be placed against the component or the rail foot and the other Screw part establishes a firm connection between the holding part and the component or the rail, the second leg being pressable against the holding part via at least one screw.

The first leg 20.1 of the first receptacle 20 has a holding element 24 designed as a bore, which is used to hold the transmitter 2 or the receiver 3. To fix the transmitter 2 or the receiver 3, a fixing element (not shown) designed as a cap nut is provided, which is arranged on the front side of the transmitter or the receiver. The screw connection 22 is guided through the first leg 20.1 and engages in a thread 21.1 of the first holding part 21.

In addition to the screw connection 22 and the fit 40, a clamping element 23 is provided which is guided onto the rail foot 72 via a thread 23.1. The clamping element 23 designed as a screw thus braces the first receptacle 20 via the first holding part 21 against the O 03/037695

Rail foot 72. The fit 40 ensures a clear position of the second leg 20.2 relative to the first holding part 21. The pretensioning force of the clamping element 23 introduces a bending force into the second leg 20.2, which leads to a deformation and thus to an adjustment of the holding element 24 for the transmitter 2 or the receiver 3.

On the opposite side of the rail 70, the first holding part 21 has a second groove 41 ', which is used to fix another receptacle, not shown.

According to FIG. 3, the first receptacle 20 and the first holding part 21 are provided in the region of the rail foot 72. In addition to the first holding part 21, a second holding part 31 is shown, which serves to receive the second receptacle 30 for the receiver 3. A mounting aid 51 is provided for mounting the first mounting 20 or the second mounting 30. The mounting aid 51 has adjustment elements 52, 52 'which can be connected to an adjustment surface 50 of the first holding part 21 and an adjustment surface 50' of the second holding part 31. The adjustment elements 52, 52 'are designed in the form of a pin and engage in the adjustment surfaces 50 and 50' designed as a bore.

According to FIG. 3, the adjustment surface 50 and the adjustment surface 50 'are provided on the underside of the first holding part 21 and the second holding part 31, respectively. It is also possible to provide the adjustment surfaces 50, 50 'on another side surface of the receptacle 20 and / or the holding part 21. O 03/037695

12

The basic diagram according to FIG. 4a shows a rail 70 with the two sleepers 75, 75 'and a transmitter 2 and a receiver 3. The transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 are arranged on the rail 70 via a first holder 20 and a second holder 30, respectively , In the still unloaded rail, the measuring beam 4 emitted by the transmitter 2 strikes the receiver 3 or a receiver surface (not shown) approximately in the center. According to FIG. 4b, the measuring beam 4 strikes the point E1 of the receiver 3, which represents the zero point. No measurement signal is generated.

In FIG. 4c, the rail 70 is deformed due to a load F1. As a result, the transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 are rotated relative to one another by an angle ad1 in accordance with the deflection of the rail 70. The measuring beam 4 then strikes the receiver 3 at a point E2 which is at a distance dsl from the point E1. In this way, a measurement signal is generated which corresponds to the distance between the point E1 and the point E2 on the receiver 3 or a receiver surface 3.1.

The distance, which is denoted by dsl according to FIG. 4d, is proportional to the change in angle dal and thus proportional to the change in force dfl between a rest position according to FIG. 4a and the load state according to FIG. 4c.

According to FIG. 5, the change in position of the measuring beam 4 on the receiver 3 or its receiver surface 3.1 from E1 to E2 is shown. This change in position generates a measuring current II or 12, which is transformed by the evaluation unit 60 into a measuring voltage U1 or U2. The for deformation or Force input proportional angle change dal is calculated using the following formula:

^{Ul ~ Ul} = Aa, = AS _l = AF _l U _{1 +} U ₂

According to FIG. 6, a driving force 73 generates a normal force F _Q on the one hand and a transverse force F _γ on the other hand, F _γ running both at right angles to F _Q and at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the rail 70. To detect both transverse forces F _Q and F _γ , two transmitter-receiver units 32, 32 ', each with a receiver 3, 3', are necessary, which are provided with respect to the rail 70 on opposite sides. Accordingly, F _Q and F _{γ are} calculated using the following formulas:

Aa _x + Aa ₂

F _n

__, Aa, - Aa b =

Aa _x + Aa ₂

FIG. 7 shows the measurement signal of a double load cycle. Before the measuring point is reached, the wheel load relieves the rail 70 in the region of the measuring point, since the adjacent rail section is loaded. The measurement signal has a signal drop L1. When the measuring point is reached, the measuring signal jumps to a first maximum Ml analogous to the load at the measuring point, which drops again after passing through the first wheel. The measurement signal then rises again to a second maximum value M2 as the second wheel passes. After passing through the second wheel, there is again a signal drop analogous to the approach. FIG. 8 shows the track bed shown schematically from above with a threshold 75 and a pair of rails 70, 70 '. With respect to the direction of travel of the train, a digital or analog detection switch 80 is provided to the left of the transmitter-receiver unit 32 or 32 ', followed by six transmitter-receiver units 32 on each side of the rail. The transmitter-receiver units 32 are alternately arranged on the inside and the outside of the rail 70. These can optionally be arranged only on the inside or only on the outside. A further detection switch 81 'is then provided. By means of the detection switches 81, 81 ', the speed of the train, the number and the relative position of the wheels can be determined and the measuring section can be activated or deactivated.

The measurement graph G shown in FIG. 9 a, which was determined between two thresholds 75, 75 'or between the centers of the two thresholds 75, 75', is divided into five specific measurement points according to FIG. 9a2. The specific measuring points P3 to P7 are used for further signal processing or correlation with a correction graph according to FIG. 9b2.

FIG. 9 b1 shows a measurement graph G with a first relative maximum R1 and a second relative maximum R2. These relative maxi a are generated due to a flat spot on the wheel and the resulting alternating load on the rail. The flat point leads to a brief drop in the load and thus to a relative minimum F of the graph G. In order to achieve an independent comparison graph or correction graph K, a correction graph K is determined from all the graphs representing a good wheel, which is shown in FIG. 9b2. The correction graph K resembles an average load cycle of a perfect wheel per sensor and per train crossing and therefore has neither relative maxima nor relative minima.

FIG. 9cl shows the row of all correction graphs K 1 to K 6 from six successive measuring points. The measuring points cover a section of the rail of approx. 3.60 m. This length corresponds to at least one wheel circumference. The measuring sections overlap by 100 mm on each side, so that a seamless recording of the load over the entire rail section is guaranteed. FIG. 9c2 shows the standard load graphs Nl to N6 generated by the wheel load cycles for each measuring point 1 to 6. About 1/6 of the wheel circumference is shown for each standard load graph N. The first half of the measured wheel accordingly has a flat point F, which is followed by an order A according to FIG. 9b1.

FIG. 9d shows the ratio of the standard load graph N to the correction graph K for a wheel circumference as a load plateau, which ensures a percentage representation of the rail load in relation to the base load. The standard load graph N according to FIG. 9e here represents the mean value of all measurement graphs G of a train crossing standardized to the average area. Irregularities of the respective wheel or of the measurement graph G are retained. The The standard load graph N and the reciprocal of the correction graph K are superimposed according to FIG. 9e and have a common mirror value S, with the aid of which the ratio according to FIG. 9d is determined using the following formula:

_{β =} XX

J - 4- K

According to FIG. 9f, specific wheel defects per wheel revolution can be recognized on the basis of the generated measurement graphs. According to FIG. 9el, the application is on the wheel, which initially generates an overload. The graph according to FIG. 9e2 is a relatively high-frequency, symmetrical load change that points to polygons. FIG. 9e3 shows a typical signal of a wheel out-of-roundness, which leads to a symmetrical graph of low frequency. FIG. 9e4 shows a typical flat spot on the wheel, which first generates a drop in load and subsequently an overload.

Reference character list

1 component

2 transmitters

3 receivers 3 'receivers

3.1 Receiver area

4 measuring beam

11 opposite side

12 opposite side 20 first shot

20.1 first leg

20.2 second leg

21 first holding part 21.1 thread

22 screw connection

23 Clamping element 23.1 thread

24 holding element

30 second shot

31 second holding part

32 transceiver unit 32 'transceiver unit

40 fit

41 groove 41 'groove

42 spring

50 adjustment surface 50 'adjustment surface

51 Assembly aid

52 adjusting element 52 'adjusting element Evaluation unit rail 'rail rail head rail foot' rail foot wheel threshold, bearing 'threshold, bearing detection switch' detection switch detection switch 'detection switch

Claims

Pa claims

Device for a transmitter (2) and a receiver (3) for detecting different deformation states of a component (1), which are arranged independently of one another and at a distance from one another via a receptacle (20, 30) on the component (1), characterized in that that the transmitter (2) is arranged on a first holding part (21) via a first receptacle (20) and the receiver (3) is arranged on a second holding part (31) via a second receptacle, the respective receptacle (20, 30) and the respective holding part (21, 31) form one or more connecting elements or one or more gill mouth form-fit connections or an adhesive connection or a welded connection with the component (1).

Device for detecting different deformation states of a railroad track (1) with one arranged on the railroad track (1) via a receiving means (20)

Deformation sensor (2), characterized in that the deformation sensor (2) is arranged directly on the rail foot (72) in the longitudinal direction of the railroad track.

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receptacle (20, 30) and the holding part (21, 31) have a corresponding fit (40).

Apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the fit (40) is designed as a tongue and groove connection and / or as a dowel pin.

5. Device according to one of claims 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that the receptacle (20, 30) is designed as a claw and is connected to the holding part (21, 31) by means of a pin and / or screw connection (22).

6. Device according to one of claims 1, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the

Recording (20, 30) and / or the holding part (21) has a clamping element (23) which is in operative connection with the component (1).

7. Device according to one of claims 1, 3 to 5 or 6, characterized in that the

Clamping element (23) is designed as a bolt, screw and / or cam.

Device according to one of claims 1, 3 to 6 or 7, characterized in that the

Recording (20, 30) has a holding element (24) for the transmitter (2) and / or the receiver (3).

Device according to one of claims 1, 3 to 7 or 8, characterized in that the

Holding element (24) is designed as a bore and has a fixing element designed as a cap nut for the transmitter (2) and / or the receiver (3).

10. Device according to one of claims 1, 3 to 8 or 9, characterized in that the first receptacle (20) for the transmitter (2) and the second receptacle (30) for the receiver (3) has at least one corresponding one Mounting aid (51) has adjustable adjustment surface (50).

11. The device according to one of claims 1, 3 to 9 or 10, characterized in that the

Adjustment surface (50) is designed as a groove, bore and / or bevel, the mounting aid (51) having adjustment elements (52) corresponding to the adjustment surface (50).

12. Device according to one of claims 1, 3 to 10 or 11, characterized in that a plurality of receptacles (20, 30) are provided in a measuring area of the component (1), the receiver (3) via an evaluation unit (60) in Active connection.

13. Device according to one of claims 1, 3 to 11 or 12, characterized in that a plurality of transmitters (2) -receivers (3) - pairs are provided on opposite sides (11, 12) of the component (1).

14. A method for measuring the deformation of a component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following method steps:

a) a measurement current generated by the receiver (3) is transformed into a measurement voltage within the evaluation unit (60),

b) the change in angle on which the voltage change is based between transmitter (2) and receiver (3) is determined using the following formula:

- ¹ - = Δα,

U _x + U ₂

The load forces F _Q , F _γ on which the deformation of the component is based, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the component, are determined using the following formula:

A _x + A ₂ ^F Q ^{= ~} 2

Aa _x - A ₂

F _Y

Aa _x + Aa ₂ where F _{Q is} the force in the direction of the perpendicular and F _{γ is} the force perpendicular to it and _lr α _{2 is} the change in angle of at least two different transmitter (2) -receiver (3) pairs, which are related to the Y direction on the component ( 1) are arranged on one side and / or opposite.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized by the following method steps:

a) the deformation ΔX of the component is proportional to the detected change in angle Δ and is recorded as a function of the component length L,

b) the area of a deformation graph “X over L” determined in this way is normalized by averaging ΔX 'of all the deformation graphs on which a load cycle is based,

c) the ratio of the deformation ΔX to the normalized deformation ΔX 'is calculated.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element consists of the holding part (21) which can be placed under the rail foot (72) and a receiving part (20) which is arranged to be vertically movable on the latter and consists of two legs (20.1, 20.2) at least two screws (22, 23) can be screwed in, one screw (23) against the component (1) or the rail foot (72) and the other screw part (22) a fixed connection between the holding part (21 ) and the component (1) or the rail (70), wherein the second leg (20.2) can be pressed against the holding part (21) by means of at least one screw (22).