EP1300632A2 - Gas burner with flame monitoring - Google Patents
Gas burner with flame monitoring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1300632A2 EP1300632A2 EP02022403A EP02022403A EP1300632A2 EP 1300632 A2 EP1300632 A2 EP 1300632A2 EP 02022403 A EP02022403 A EP 02022403A EP 02022403 A EP02022403 A EP 02022403A EP 1300632 A2 EP1300632 A2 EP 1300632A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas burner
- microcontroller
- gas
- signal
- ionization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
- F23D14/725—Protection against flame failure by using flame detection devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
- F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas burner with flame monitoring a series connection of ionization electrode, flame and supply voltage, the ionization electrode protruding into the flame, the flame monitor an ionization current to identify the operation of the gas burner emits and the gas supply is adjustable via a gas valve.
- ionization electrodes are used for flame monitoring, which are usually rod-shaped and thus fastened in the combustion chamber are that their tips protrude into the flame area.
- the ionization current is in the control electronics selected and without processing as an input signal to the Control logic fed.
- the control logic only determines whether a current is flowing or does not flow.
- the ionization electrode Since the ionization electrode is constantly in the flame area during operation it shows strong signs of wear. On the one hand, it forms a transverse density on the surface, which acts as an electrical insulator and the ionization current is greatly reduced. On the other hand, the electrode material burns off to reduce the surface area in the flame area and thus also to reduce the ionization current. Reaches the Wear a certain stage, then the ionization current can no longer be evaluated safely.
- the control electronics does not receive a license plate number Presence of the flame more and puts the device out of operation.
- the ionization current as a measurement signal from a signal processing unit with an adjustable gain factor can be fed and forwarded to a microcontroller that the Microcontroller depending on the decrease in the ionization current the gain factor of the signal processing unit during the operating period increased accordingly for safe response of the flame monitoring and that at a predetermined, maximum gain factor, the microcontroller triggers a display error signal.
- the signal conditioning unit with the adjustable gain factor changed with the help of the microcontroller so that the weakening ionization current evaluated safely and forwarded to the control logic as a control signal can be.
- the display error signal is a customer service request for the customer to understand.
- Flame monitoring of this type has various advantages. It will not only the reliability of flame monitoring increases, the likely The time of failure of the ionization electrode can be determined. By timely Customer service request may result in a failure of the burner and the one it operates System can be prevented. The availability of the system is increased and the maintenance intervals for the ionization electrode are based on the actual one Condition of wear of the ionization electrode.
- the System should be provided when the display error signal occurs that the microcontroller with a predetermined, maximum gain factor for the signal processing device the gas valve with a control signal for emergency operation increased gas supply.
- the signal processing unit has a measurement direction and an amplification factor adjustable amplifier.
- a gas burner 10 encloses a combustion chamber with a housing a gas valve 13 a gas volume flow 15 can be supplied.
- the gas volume flow 15 is processed with an air flow 14 to a gas-air mixture, which is supplied to the burner 10 as combustion gas.
- An ionization electrode fastened in the combustion chamber 12 protrudes into the flame area and during operation of the burner 10 into the flame 11.
- the ionization electrode 12 forms with the Flame 11 and a supply voltage a monitoring series circuit, in which an ionization current flows.
- the flame 11 can in this series connection be regarded as a diode with resistance. Because of the signs of wear the ionization electrode 12 changes during the operating period the gas burner 10 also their resistance. The consequence of this is that with increasing operating time the ionization current in the monitoring series connection decreasing more and more.
- the ionization current is used as a measurement signal from a signal processing unit 21 supplied, a measuring device and an adjustable in the gain factor Has amplifier.
- the signal processing unit 21 works with a Microcontroller 22 together so that the gain factor of the amplifier in the signal processing unit 21 as a function of the decrease in time of the Ionization current is increased accordingly so that a reliable evaluation flame monitoring is reached, i.e. from the microcontroller 22 on approximately the same control signal 23 for the gas valve 13 indicates that of the decreasing ionization current is no longer influenced and reliable evaluation - Operation or non-operation of the gas burner 10 - guaranteed.
- a maximum permissible gain factor is specified in the microcontroller 22. If this is reached, this is a sign that the state of wear the ionization electrode 12 has reached a critical value. From this, the microcontroller 22 derives a display error signal 24 which corresponds to the Customer indicates that maintenance of the ionization electrode 12 is appropriate. For further unimpeded emergency operation of the gas burner 10, however, increased control signal 23 also increases the gas supply 15 via the gas valve 13.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gasbrenner mit einer Flammenüberwachung aus einer Reihenschaltung von lonisationselektrode, Flamme und Versorgungsspannung, wobei die lonisationselektrode in die Flamme ragt, die Flammenüberwachung einen lonisationsstrom zur Kennzeichnung des Betriebes des Gasbrenners abgibt und die Gaszufuhr über eine Gasarmatur einstellbar ist.The invention relates to a gas burner with flame monitoring a series connection of ionization electrode, flame and supply voltage, the ionization electrode protruding into the flame, the flame monitor an ionization current to identify the operation of the gas burner emits and the gas supply is adjustable via a gas valve.
Bei Gasbrennern werden lonisationselektroden zur Flammenüberwachung eingesetzt, die meist stabförmig ausgebildet sind und so im Brennraum befestigt sind, dass sie mit ihrer Spitze in den Flammenbereich ragen. Beim Betrieb des Brenners vervollständigt die Flamme die Überwachungs-Reihenschaltung so, dass ein lonisationsstrom fließt. Der lonisationsstrom wird in der Steuerelektronik des Gerätes selektiert und ohne Aufbereitung als Eingangssignal der Steuerlogik zugeführt. Die Steuerlogik stellt nur fest, ob ein Strom fließt oder nicht fließt.For gas burners, ionization electrodes are used for flame monitoring, which are usually rod-shaped and thus fastened in the combustion chamber are that their tips protrude into the flame area. When operating the Burner completes the flame the monitoring series connection so that an ionization current flows. The ionization current is in the control electronics selected and without processing as an input signal to the Control logic fed. The control logic only determines whether a current is flowing or does not flow.
Da sich die lonisationselektrode während des Betriebs dauernd in den Flammenbereich befindet, zeigt sie starke Verschleißerscheinungen. Zum einen bildet sich auf der Oberfläche eine Querdichte aus, die als elektrischer Isolator wirkt und den lonisationsstrom stark verringert. Zum anderen führt der Abbrand des Elektrodenmaterials zu einer Verkleinerung der im Flammenbereich liegenden Oberfläche und damit ebenfalls zur Verringerung des lonisationsstromes. Erreicht der Verschleiß ein bestimmtes Stadium, dann kann der lonisationsstrom nicht mehr sicher ausgewertet werden. Die Steuerelektronik erhält kein Kennzeichen des Vorhandenseins der Flamme mehr und setzt das Gerät außer Betrieb.Since the ionization electrode is constantly in the flame area during operation it shows strong signs of wear. On the one hand, it forms a transverse density on the surface, which acts as an electrical insulator and the ionization current is greatly reduced. On the other hand, the electrode material burns off to reduce the surface area in the flame area and thus also to reduce the ionization current. Reaches the Wear a certain stage, then the ionization current can no longer be evaluated safely. The control electronics does not receive a license plate number Presence of the flame more and puts the device out of operation.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, bei einem Gasbrenner der eingangs erwähnten Art die verschleißbedingte Abschwächung des lonisationssignals so auszugleichen, dass zeitlich länger eine sichere Auswertung des lonisationsstromes gewährleistet ist.It is therefore an object of the invention, in a gas burner of the type mentioned Way to compensate for the weakening of the ionization signal due to wear, that a longer evaluation of the ionization current takes longer is guaranteed.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass der lonisationsstrom als Mess-Signal einer Signalaufbereitungseinheit mit einstellbarem Verstärkungsfaktor zuführbar und an einen Mikrocontroller weiterleitbar ist, dass der Mikrocontroiier in Abhängigkeit von der zeitlichen Abnahme des lonisationsstromes während der Betriebsdauer den Verstärkungsfaktor der Signalverarbeitungseinheit zum sicheren Ansprechen der Flammenüberwachung entsprechend erhöht und dass bei einem vorgegebenen, maximalen Verstärkungsfaktor der Mikrocontroller ein Anzeige-Fehlersignal auslöst.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the ionization current as a measurement signal from a signal processing unit with an adjustable gain factor can be fed and forwarded to a microcontroller that the Microcontroller depending on the decrease in the ionization current the gain factor of the signal processing unit during the operating period increased accordingly for safe response of the flame monitoring and that at a predetermined, maximum gain factor, the microcontroller triggers a display error signal.
Die Signalaufbereitungseinheit mit dem verstellbaren Verstärkungsfaktor wird mit Hilfe des Mikrocontrollers so verändert, dass der sich abschwächende lonisationsstrom sicher ausgewertet und als Steuersingal an die Steuerlogik weitergeleitet werden kann. Gibt man einen maximalen Verstärkungsfaktor für den Mikrocontroller vor, dann wird die Betriebsdauer auch verlängert, aber sichergestellt, dass bei einem vorgegebenen, maximalen Verschleiß der lonisationselektrode ein Anzeige-Fehlersignal abgeleitet, das auf die notwendige Wartung der lonisationselektrode hinweist. Das Anzeige-Fehlersignal ist als Kundendienst-Anforderung für den Kunden zu verstehen.The signal conditioning unit with the adjustable gain factor changed with the help of the microcontroller so that the weakening ionization current evaluated safely and forwarded to the control logic as a control signal can be. Give a maximum gain factor for the microcontroller before, the operating time is also extended, but it ensures that with a given, maximum wear of the ionization electrode a display error signal derived indicating the maintenance required the ionization electrode indicates. The display error signal is a customer service request for the customer to understand.
Eine derartige Flammenüberwachung hat verschiedene Vorteile. Es wird nicht nur die Zuverlässigkeit der Flammenüberwachung erhöht, der wahrscheinliche Ausfallzeitpunkt der lonisationselektrode ist bestimmbar. Durch die rechtzeitige Kundendienst-Anforderung kann ein Ausfall des Brenners und der damit betriebenen Anlage verhindert werden. Die Verfügbarkeit der Anlage wird erhöht und die Wartungsintervalle für die lonisationselektrode orientieren sich am tatsächlichen Verschleißzustand der lonisationselektrode.Flame monitoring of this type has various advantages. It will not only the reliability of flame monitoring increases, the likely The time of failure of the ionization electrode can be determined. By timely Customer service request may result in a failure of the burner and the one it operates System can be prevented. The availability of the system is increased and the maintenance intervals for the ionization electrode are based on the actual one Condition of wear of the ionization electrode.
Aus Sicherheitsgründen kann zur Verhinderung der endgültigen Abschaltung der Anlage beim Auftreten des Anzeige-Fehiersignais vorgesehen sein, dass der Mikrocontroller bei vorgegebenem, maximalem Verstärkungsfaktor für die Signalaufbereitungseinrichtung der Gasarmatur ein Stellsignal für einen Notbetrieb mit erhöhter Gaszufuhr zuführt.For safety reasons, the System should be provided when the display error signal occurs that the microcontroller with a predetermined, maximum gain factor for the signal processing device the gas valve with a control signal for emergency operation increased gas supply.
Die Signalaufbereitungseinheit weist eine Messrichtung und einen im Verstärkungsfaktor einstellbaren Verstärker auf.The signal processing unit has a measurement direction and an amplification factor adjustable amplifier.
Ist nach einer Ausgestaltung weiterhin vorgesehen, dass einer Steuerlogik des vom Gasbrenner bedienten Gerätes, das über die Signalaufbereitungseinheit und den Mikrocontroller veränderte Mess-Signal zuführbar ist, dann bleibt die Steuerung des vom Gasbrenner bedienten Gerätes ohne Einfluss von dem Verschlusszustand der lonisationselektrode.According to one embodiment, it is also provided that a control logic of the device operated by the gas burner via the signal processing unit and If the microcontroller changes the measurement signal, it remains Control of the device operated by the gas burner without the influence of the closed state the ionization electrode.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in der Zeichnung als Blockschaltbild dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated using a block diagram in the drawing Embodiment explained in more detail.
Ein Gasbrenner 10 umschließt mit einem Gehäuse eine Brennkammer, der über
eine Gasarmatur 13 ein Gas-Volumenstrom 15 zuführbar ist. Der Gas-Volumenstrom
15 wird mit einem Luftstrom 14 zu einem Gas-Luftgemisch aufbereitet,
das dem Brenner 10 als Verbrennungsgas zugeführt wird. Bei der Verbrennung
bilden sich im Brennraum Flammen 11. Eine in der Brennkammer befestigte lonisationselektrode
12 ragt mit der Spitze in den Flammenbereich und beim Betrieb
des Brenners 10 in die Flamme 11. Die lonisationselektrode 12 bildet mit der
Flamme 11 und einer Versorgungsspannung eine Überwachungs-Reihenschaltung,
in der ein ionisationsstrom fließt. Die Flamme 11 kann in dieser Reihenschaltung
als Diode mit Widerstand betrachtet werden. Aufgrund der Verschleißerscheinungen
der lonisationselektrode 12 ändert sich während der Betriebsdauer
des Gasbrenners 10 auch deren Widerstand. Die Folge davon ist,
dass mit zunehmender Betriebsdauer der lonisationsstrom in der Überwachungs-Reihenschaltung
mehr und mehr abnimmt.A
Der lonisationsstrom wird als Mess-Signal einer Signalaufbereitungseinheit 21
zugeführt, die eine Messeinrichtung und einen im Verstärkungsfaktor einstellbaren
Verstärker aufweist. Die Signalaufbereitungseinheit 21 arbeitet mit einem
Mikrocontroller 22 so zusammen, dass der Verstärkungsfaktor des Verstärkers
in der Signalaufbereitungseinheit 21 in Abhängigkeit der zeitlichen Abnahme des
lonisationsstromes entsprechend so erhöht wird, dass eine sichere Auswertung
der Flammenüberwachung erreicht ist, d.h., die vom Mikrocontroller 22 an ein
annähernd gleiches Stellsignal 23 für die Gasarmatur 13 angibt, das vom abnehmenden
lonisationsstrom nicht mehr beeinflusst wird und eine sichere Auswertung
- Betrieb oder Nichtbetrieb des Gasbrenners 10 - garantiert.The ionization current is used as a measurement signal from a
In dem Mikrocontroller 22 ist ein maximal zulässiger Verstärkungsfaktor vorgegeben.
Wird dieser erreicht, dann ist dies ein Kennzeichen dafür, dass der Verschleißzustand
der lonisationselektrode 12 einen kritischen Wert erreicht hat.
Der Mikrocontroller 22 leitet daraus ein Anzeige-Fehlersignal 24 ab, das dem
Kunden anzeigt, das eine Wartung der lonisationselektrode 12 angebracht ist.
Zum weiteren ungehinderten Notbetrieb des Gasbrenners 10 wird jedoch über
erhöhtes Stellsignal 23 auch die Gaszufuhr 15 über die Gasarmatur 13 erhöht.A maximum permissible gain factor is specified in the
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der lonisationsstrom als Mess-Signal einer Signalaufbereitungseinheit (21) mit einstellbarem Verstärkungsfaktor zuführbar und an einen Mikrocontroller (22) weiterleitbar ist,
dass der Mikrocontroller (22) in Abhängigkeit von der zeitlichen Abnahme des lonisationsstromes während der Betriebsdauer den Verstärkungsfaktor der Signalverarbeitungseinheit (21) zum sicheren Ansprechen der Flammenüberwachung entsprechend erhöht und
dass bei einem vorgegebenen, maximalen Verstärkungsfaktor der Mikrocontroller (22) ein Anzeige-Fehlersignal (24) auslöst.Gas burner with flame monitoring consisting of a series connection of ionization electrode, flame and supply voltage, the ionization electrode protruding into the flame, the flame monitoring unit emitting an ionization current to identify the operation of the gas burner and the gas supply adjustable via a gas valve,
characterized in that the ionization current can be supplied as a measurement signal to a signal processing unit (21) with an adjustable gain factor and can be forwarded to a microcontroller (22),
that the microcontroller (22) increases the amplification factor of the signal processing unit (21) for the safe response of the flame monitoring in dependence on the decrease in the ionization current during the operating period and
that at a predetermined, maximum gain factor, the microcontroller (22) triggers a display error signal (24).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrocontroller (22) bei vorgegebenem, maximalem Verstärkungsfaktor für die Signalaufbereitungseinrichtung (21) der Gasarmatur (13) ein Stellsignal (23) für einen Notbetrieb mit erhöhter Gaszufuhr (15) zuführt.Gas burner according to claim 1,
characterized in that the microcontroller (22) supplies a control signal (23) for an emergency operation with an increased gas supply (15) to the gas fitting (13) given a predetermined maximum amplification factor for the signal conditioning device (21).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalaufbereitungseinheit (21) eine Messeinrichtung für den lonisationsstrom und einen im Verstärkungsfaktor einstellbaren Verstärker aufweist.Gas burner according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the signal conditioning unit (21) has a measuring device for the ionization current and an amplifier which is adjustable in the amplification factor.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer Steuerlogik des vom Gasbrenner bedienten Gerätes das über die Signalaufbereitungseinheit (21) und den Mikrocontroller (22) veränderte Mess-Signal zuführbar ist.Gas burner according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the control signal of the device operated by the gas burner can be supplied with the measurement signal modified via the signal processing unit (21) and the microcontroller (22).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2001149383 DE10149383C2 (en) | 2001-10-06 | 2001-10-06 | Gas burner with flame monitoring |
| DE10149383 | 2001-10-06 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1300632A2 true EP1300632A2 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
| EP1300632A3 EP1300632A3 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| EP1300632B1 EP1300632B1 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
Family
ID=7701661
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020022403 Expired - Lifetime EP1300632B1 (en) | 2001-10-06 | 2002-10-04 | Gas burner with flame monitoring device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1300632B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10149383C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2307694T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1519114A1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-30 | Betronic Design B.V. | Flame guarding system |
| EP2865946A1 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for determining an ionisation flow of a flame |
| EP2357410A3 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2018-03-14 | Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG | Method and device for flame detection on the basis of ionisation flow measurement |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016216617A1 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2018-03-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for setting a new calibration time in a heating system and a control unit and a heating system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0728991A2 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1996-08-28 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | A compensating circuit for a flame rod structure |
| DE19539568C1 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1997-06-19 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas burner regulation system |
| DE19854824C1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-29 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Process and circuit for control of a gas burner uses a lambda sensor to control gas supply |
| DE10003819C1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-05-17 | Honeywell Bv | Gas burner operating process, involving use of ionization signal and comparing differences in its readings |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19956395A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-06-13 | Honeywell Bv | Process for flame monitoring in gas burners and corresponding device |
-
2001
- 2001-10-06 DE DE2001149383 patent/DE10149383C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-10-04 EP EP20020022403 patent/EP1300632B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-04 DE DE50212464T patent/DE50212464D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-04 ES ES02022403T patent/ES2307694T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0728991A2 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1996-08-28 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | A compensating circuit for a flame rod structure |
| DE19539568C1 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1997-06-19 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas burner regulation system |
| DE19854824C1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-29 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Process and circuit for control of a gas burner uses a lambda sensor to control gas supply |
| DE10003819C1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-05-17 | Honeywell Bv | Gas burner operating process, involving use of ionization signal and comparing differences in its readings |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1519114A1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-30 | Betronic Design B.V. | Flame guarding system |
| NL1024388C2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-31 | Betronic Design B V | Flame monitoring system. |
| EP2357410A3 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2018-03-14 | Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG | Method and device for flame detection on the basis of ionisation flow measurement |
| EP2865946A1 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for determining an ionisation flow of a flame |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2307694T3 (en) | 2008-12-01 |
| EP1300632A3 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| DE10149383A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
| DE50212464D1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| DE10149383C2 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
| EP1300632B1 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
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