EP1360456B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum füllen eines hohlraums mit breiförmigem sprengstoff - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum füllen eines hohlraums mit breiförmigem sprengstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1360456B1 EP1360456B1 EP02711841A EP02711841A EP1360456B1 EP 1360456 B1 EP1360456 B1 EP 1360456B1 EP 02711841 A EP02711841 A EP 02711841A EP 02711841 A EP02711841 A EP 02711841A EP 1360456 B1 EP1360456 B1 EP 1360456B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- cavity
- filling
- emulsion
- explosives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for filling a cavity with breiförmigem explosive, in particular with Heavy-ANFO explosives.
- Heavy ANFO explosive is formed by adding an emulsion matrix or a Emulsion explosive with ANC explosive (also called ANFO) or Ammonium nitrate (AN) is mixed.
- Emulsion explosive and emulsion matrix are based on water-in-oil emulsions, by emulsifying a highly concentrated Nitrate salt solution with mineral oil-based raw materials and an emulsifier is formed
- ANC explosive is based on a mixture of fuel and ammonium nitrate.
- Fuel is usually used a mineral oil product. But it can also other solid oxidizable components, preferably carbon-based, may be used.
- the ammonium nitrate may be granules (prills) or fine crystalline ammonium nitrate, wherein the fine crystalline ammonium nitrate is usually impregnated to the inclination to switch off to cake.
- ANC explosive is a free flowing, off individual particles of existing substance.
- Emulsion and ANC explosive differ significantly in theirs Production costs. This in particular because in emulsion explosives the Processing and manufacturing steps extensive and the required equipment and facilities are more complex. Since ANC explosives ignite only dry and Therefore, for use in a humid atmosphere is not suitable, by the Addition of emulsion created an explosive, which also in damp conditions ignites. In addition, the density of emulsion explosive is higher than that of ANC explosive. This can at the same explosive power of the emulsion explosive in a narrower Bohrloh be introduced. This saves on drilling costs. In the Usually 20 to 30 wt .-% emulsion with 70 to 80 wt .-% ANC explosive mixed.
- the Heavy-ANFO explosive thus formed is a poorly flowable, sticky, breiförmige mass.
- emulsion is a pumpable mass and that of individual particles existing ANC explosive is free-flowing and well conveyed in a gas stream can, is caused by their mixture Heavy-ANFO explosives only with Expendable, for example, in a screw conveyor.
- Heavy-ANFO explosives are usually used to drill holes To fill explosives. These holes are usually almost vertical, in the too Drilling hole drilled holes, the top of a wellbore mouth over which the borehole is filled with explosives.
- FR 2,169,907 is a loading device for filling boreholes with slurry explosives described by means of a hose system.
- ANFO ammonium nitrate
- a Vehicle known to be the separate container for ammonium nitrate (AN) and Having emulsion matrix and in the during the promotion of ammonium nitrate or the ANFO in a screw conveyor emulsion matrix into the ammonium nitrate or the ANFO is introduced.
- the transport screw runs along the Longitudinal axis on the roof of the vehicle.
- the by the mixing at the other Transport in the screw conveyor resulting Heavy-ANFO explosive will end up the transport screw, which is located at the end of the car, ejected. That's it provided that the explosive thus formed from the end of Transportxhnecke in the Borehole falls.
- the discharge of the ready-mixed Heavy-ANFO Explosive from the screw through a short, vertical hose at the end of the Snail be aligned above the borehole.
- a disadvantage of the known vehicle is that the vehicle is in the immediate vicinity of Borehole must be brought so that the explosives formed by the end of Transport screw can fall directly into the borehole. Thus, the vehicle must for Filled several wells with explosives from borehole to borehole which is time consuming.
- the invention is based on the technical problem more economical method and a better filling device for filling a To propose a cavity with explosives.
- the problem is solved by a method for filling a cavity dissolved in a broad-spectrum explosive, in which a free-flowing explosive, in particular an ANC explosive, and a pumpable explosive, in particular a Emulsion explosive, in a mixing area directly to a filling opening of the Cavity or in the cavity to a pulp-shaped, in particular to a heavy ANFO Explosive, to be mixed.
- a free-flowing explosive in particular an ANC explosive
- a pumpable explosive in particular a Emulsion explosive
- the separate promotion brings the additional advantage that in the mixing of If necessary, initially explosive components of the explosive first arises directly on or in the cavity to be filled. This is the area in which handled explosive material is limited. This is for safety reasons advantageous because in this way accidents, especially misfires, during transport of the Components are to be filled cavity to be avoided.
- the free-flowing explosive preferably comprises ammonium nitrate, solid oxidizable fractions, Mineral oil products, ANC explosives or a mixture of the aforementioned substances.
- One ANC explosive also called ANFO explosive
- ANFO is pourable, grainy and not pumpable. A pneumatic conveying is possible.
- ANFO has one Density from 0.7 to 0.8. A change of this density is only conditionally possible. ANFO is not water resistant.
- Solid oxidizable components are, for example Aluminum powder, mixtures containing aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate or Wood flour.
- Mineral oil products may be, for example, oil or diesel fuel.
- the pumpable explosive preferably has an emulsion matrix, a Emulsion explosive, a water gel, free-flowing explosive or a mixture of the aforementioned substances.
- the emulsion is an emulsion explosive or a Emulsion matrix. These are based on water-in-oil emulsions that emulsify a highly concentrated nitrate salt solution with mineral oil is formed. In addition, you can Additives such as aluminum are mixed. This water-in-oil emulsion becomes an explosive with explosive gas in the emulsion be generated or the density of the emulsion matrix is lowered.
- Emulsion explosives are flowable and quasi-liquid (viscous), pumpable and can not be pneumatically conveyed. They point a density of 1.1 1 to 1.3 on - a change in this density is possible. Emulsion explosives are waterproof.
- the addition of all or part of the Fuel for the production of an explosive with balanced oxygen balance can be done via the emulsion matrix or via the addition of oil in the ammonium nitrate.
- Water gels are so-called slurry explosives, ie. Detonable mixtures of water, oxidizable salts and oxidizable substances with mild to viscous or granular-pulpy to gelatinous state form.
- the breiförmige explosive is a mixture of the free-flowing explosive and the pumpable explosives.
- a breiförmiger explosive may preferably a so-called heavy ANFO explosives.
- the mixing ratio of free-flowing to be pumped explosive can be chosen arbitrarily, preferably 10:90 bis 90:10 amount - it is on the individual case of the application area coordinated mixture.
- ANC / ANFO and emulsion explosives mixed this can be done in any relationship to each other. Do you mix these components in the ratio of 80 to 20, then a raspy Heavy-ANFO Explosive with a density of about 1.0 kg / l and this explosive receives by the Proportion of emulsion a better, but still limited water resistance.
- a free-flowing explosive in the other of the ANC explosives be used.
- a pumpable Explosives should be in the other of the emulsion explosive or the emulsion be used.
- This Mixing area can be a partial area of a device. However, the mixing area can also be a portion of the cavity to be filled. The mixing area can be at the Be arranged filling opening of the cavity.
- a vertical borehole designed cavity falls the mixed Breiförniige explosives, such as the Heavy ANFO explosives from there into the borehole and fill this in the course of Filling.
- the mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive preferably by the momentum of the emulsion meeting in the mixing and of the ANC explosives, as well as their substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Well oriented flow direction after mixing in the wellbore worn and filled this.
- changes in the flow direction of the mixed Heavy ANFO explosives for example, by pivoting a device from the the mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive may leak out within the borehole and especially well distributed within a non-cylindrically shaped cavity become.
- the Nfisch Scheme at the filling opening farthest endpoint of the cavity for example the wellbore deepest lie. From there, the mixed Heavy ANFO explosive through the trailing explosive in the cavity distributed.
- the cavity to be filled is each cavity to be filled with an explosive charge.
- this is a borehole in a reason.
- This hole will be used for the drilled into the ground drilled and usually has one cylindrical shape.
- Reason here is the designation of the surface, the filling opening surrounds. The reason can be almost vertical, almost horizontal or in any other Orientation, depending on the body in which a cavity is present and in which position and orientation the filling opening is located. But cavities can also existing hollow spaces in the ground, for example, columns.
- One Cavity according to the invention may also be a cartridge or other with Explosive to be filled vessel.
- the filling opening of the cavity is an externally accessible opening through which the Explosive can be introduced into the cavity. This is the case for a borehole Borehole mouth.
- this may be an existing one Opening or one specially added externally for access to the cavity Be opening.
- cartridges or vessels is usually after filling to occlusive opening already in the production of the cartridge or the vessel intended.
- a mixture of free-flowing explosives and pumpable explosives immediately at the filling opening is always when the by mixing
- the resulting pulpy explosives only begin to have poorly flowable properties a place where he developed without additional funding in the cavity can be introduced.
- the beginning of the mixing can also be outside the Fill opening as long as the complete mixing too poorly flowable breiförmigem explosive takes place only at one point, from which the breiförmige Explosive passes without additional funding into the cavity and this filled.
- the process of the present invention results in conveying and loading of free-flowing and pumpable explosives as well as of the pulp explosive lower mechanical stresses than in the screw system of the prior Technology.
- In or on the mixed loading vehicle is thus preferably no finished explosive present and also smaller borehole diameter of less than 115 cm can with a power of more than 100 kg / min, preferably more than 150 kg / min loaded become.
- the vehicles with lower power and simpler mechanics are built and operated.
- the free-flowing explosive is in one Promoted flow and the pumpable explosives in the flow of the introduced free-flowing explosives.
- the proportion of free-flowing explosives is usually higher as that of the pumpable explosive.
- the free-flowing explosives in one Gas flow is promoted, while the pumpable explosive as a pumpable substance as such is promoted, a better mixing is achieved, if preferred volume of lower pumpable explosives in the preferred volume larger flow of free-flowing explosive is introduced.
- the free-flowing explosives favored by the high speed blown injected pumpable explosive stream.
- the flow of free-flowing explosive or ANC explosive is preferably an air or gas stream, in which the consisting of individual particles ANC explosives is encouraged.
- the flow can also be a trickle, for example, when dumping the ANC explosive from a container be formed material flow, in which the pumpable explosive is introduced.
- the free-flowing Explosive and the pumpable explosive conveyed in separate flow rates, wherein at the time of mixing the one flow with the other one Difference in the conveying speed between the flow rate of the highly capable Explosives and the flow rate of the pumpable explosive consists or is set.
- flowing at a rate faster than the emulsion Flow of the ANC explosive produces a good mixing with the emulsion, by passing the particles of ANC explosive which hit the emulsion at a rapid rate divide the solid flow of the emulsion.
- arise through the speed difference turbulence in the flow which is a good Support mixing.
- the time of mixing is understood to be any point on which particles of the particle are being mixed flowable explosives on the flow of pumpable explosives or the Emulsion or parts of the emulsion impact. This may be the point of the first one Coincidence of ANC explosive and emulsion. But everyone can do it too be further point at which non-mixed partial flows or parts of the two Flow rates meet.
- a difference in the conveying speed can be generated by the Mass flow of a flow rate is lower than that of the other.
- the emulsion can be delivered slower than the ANC explosive.
- One Difference can be further generated by accelerating a flow is made by being subjected to a cross-sectional constriction.
- a Difference in the conveying speed can be generated by a flow rate through Impact is slowed down, for example, by objects, in particular Baffles, is directed.
- a further slowdown of a flow can be generated be subjected by the flow rate of a cross-sectional widening.
- the free-flowing or ANC explosive and the emulsion are conveyed in separate conveying streams, wherein the Time of mixing the conveying direction of the flow rate of the emulsion at an angle to the conveying direction of the flow of the ANC explosive is.
- the different ones Direction of conveyance causes the particles of ANC explosive on the emulsion impinge and divide so that greater mixing occurs.
- the conveying direction of the flow of the emulsion is the direction in which the emulsion or parts of the emulsion move shortly before the time of mixing. This may be the flow direction of a closed stream of emulsion leaving an orifice . But it can also be the direction of movement of individual emulsion parts that move in the mixing area.
- the conveying direction of the flow of the ANC explosive is the direction in which moves the particles of the ANC explosive just before the time of mixing become. This may be the main direction of the flow in a gas stream Particles, but can also be the direction of a single particle in front of the Time of mixing has.
- a closed flow of the pumpable explosive or the emulsion dissolved By a fragmentation of a Closed flow can mix with the free-flowing explosive be improved, as they penetrate into intermediate spaces of the split flow can and thus with promoted in the middle of the flow of the emulsion parts the emulsion is mixed.
- a closed flow is the emerging from an opening material flow of Pumpable explosives or the emulsion.
- a closed flow can but also a partial flow of an emerging from an opening material flow of the Emulsion, which is decomposed into individual material streams, for example, by a wedge-shaped element is shared.
- the mixing region remains during filling relative to the cavity in the same place. This way you can take action be omitted, which would cause a shift of the mixing area.
- the This method is easy to perform.
- the mixing area during the Filling in relation to the cavity moves. So the mixing area at the beginning of the Filling in an end region of the cavity remote from the filling opening, for example, in the wellbore deepest, and during filling, in particular in Dependence of the increasing filling of the cavity with heavy-ANFO explosives, be moved in the direction of the filling opening.
- the mixing of the emulsion and the ANC explosives and thus the production of poorly flowable heavy ANFO Explosives then take place in a location of which the heavy ANFO explosives are not has to be moved more. Problems transporting heavy ANFO explosives, in particular adherence to surfaces or the use of high transport energies for Promotion of the poorly flowable material, do not occur in this embodiment.
- the mixing area is moved relative to the cavity when a device on whose end ANC explosive and emulsion emerge separated from each other, at the beginning the filling with this end in the end region, for example the wellbore deepest, is brought.
- the effluents of emulsion and ANC explosive leaving the end then mix in this lying in the end area mixing area Heavy ANFO explosive. If the end area is filled with heavy ANFO explosives, the mixing area is moved from the end area towards the filling opening by the device is partially pulled out of the cavity. So can the Mixing area in the area not yet filled with heavy ANFO explosive the cavity and the heavy-ANFO explosives are kept in layers in the cavity Cavity be filled.
- the mixing area is moved relative to the cavity when a Device in which the mixing area is at least partially incorporated and from the fully or partially mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive from an off-roader exit, is brought at the beginning of filling with the outlet end in the end region and then in proportion to the degree of filling of the cavity with heavy ANFO explosives from the Cavity is pulled.
- a Device that telescopes is formed so that when resting on the filling opening device, the outlet end the device can be moved back in the direction of the filling opening.
- the mixing ratio of Emulsion and ANC explosive changed during filling.
- the to be filled Cavity may be limited by different materials or material layers, for their optimal blasting different compositions of Heavy-ANFO Explosives are necessary.
- the degree of humidity within the Cavity be different, so that in wet areas a higher proportion of Emulsion is necessary for good explosive properties of explosive while in drier areas also large amounts of ANC explosives are sufficient to good To achieve blasting properties.
- an emulsion explosive is preferably suitable as so-called Foot load, while ANC / ANFO is a much more preferred top charge, especially if there is still water in the borehole deepest.
- the mixing ratio is the percentage by weight of the respective component - Emulsion and ANC explosive - on the total weight of the added components considered.
- this is Mixing ratio at 10-90 wt.%, Preferably at 20-30 wt.%, Emulsion matrix or emulsion explosive and 90-10 wt.%, Preferably 80-70 wt.%, ANC explosive.
- the cavity is initially partially with made of ANC explosive and emulsion mixed heavy ANFO explosives and filled then completely filled with ANC explosive.
- This embodiment allows deeper areas in the cavity to be humid areas with Heavy-ANFO To fill explosives to get an explosive, and dry, upper To fill areas with inexpensive ANC explosives in dry areas also ignites without admixture of emulsion.
- a Filling device for filling a cavity with breiförmigem explosive solved the a first delivery line for a first flow of free-flowing explosives, a second delivery line for a second flow of pumpable explosive and a to be attached to a filling opening of the cavity or through the filling opening in the Cavity to be inserted connecting element for merging the first and the having second flow.
- the to pulp heavy ANFO explosives components to be mixed ANC explosives and emulsion separated from each other in a first delivery line and a conveyed second delivery line to a filling opening of the cavity and only there or even brought together in the cavity by a connecting element.
- a delivery line is a component that is used to convey the goods to be transported in it Material is suitable. It can be a pipeline, tubing, a channel or a other be a mass flow leading element. In particular, that too Material of the delivery line to be matched to the good to be promoted.
- the delivery line for emulsion and ANC explosives made of plastic Hoses.
- the delivery lines can also be made of metal, in particular aluminum, or other, suitable material.
- the connecting element is used to merge the first and the second Flow at the filling opening or in the cavity. It leads the first and the second flow such that the ANC explosive and the Emulsion at the fill port or cavity to Heavy-ANFO explosive mix.
- the connecting element may be an element through which the delivery flows flow through lines, where they can be mixed in the connecting element. But the connecting element can also be any element that the delivery lines holds together and by the way of holding together the flow direction of the Flows influenced during mixing. In parallel, neighboring leadership of first delivery line to the second delivery line, this is already done when the Connecting element, the ends of the first conveying line so with the end of the second Delivery line connects that exiting the ends of flow rates side by side, emerge in almost the same flow direction.
- the delivery streams which is generated by the exit from the delivery line, hit the Partial flow on each other and lead to a mixture of ANC explosives and emulsion.
- the mixing can be assisted by the ends be connected together so that the exiting flow rates at an angle are directed towards each other.
- the mixing of preferably ANC explosives and Emulsion takes place in such an embodiment of the filling device outside the Filling device, for example, in the cavity instead.
- the connecting element can hereby a simple band around the parallel and adjacent ends of the Delivery lines for connecting the same is wound.
- the connecting element connects an in Flow direction at the end of the first delivery line provided first outlet for ANC explosives with one in the flow direction at the end of the second delivery line provided second outlet for emulsion.
- the device according to the invention can also be used merely To pour emulsion or ANC explosive into a cavity.
- Conveyor lines for emulsion and ANC explosives also promoted other components be mixed in the cavity to explosives. So in the first Conduction example, aluminum powder containing mixtures are promoted, the is mixed in the cavity with emulsion from the second delivery line
- the second delivery line extends at least partly in the first funding line. This allows the through the filling device occupied space can be reduced.
- the filling device designed in such a way be that they also in narrow filling openings, for example, the well mouth of a narrow borehole, can be introduced.
- the one flow within the other flow from, creating a good Mixing of the flow is generated.
- the second delivery line is guided in this, can by appropriately large choice of the diameter of the first Delivery line the second delivery line for the entire filling device within the first support line.
- the second conveyor line by connecting elements, in particular webs, at least on End of the first delivery line held coaxially to this.
- the connecting element can but also designed as a tube that is connected to the first delivery line and into which the second pipeline will be introduced.
- the mixing of the first delivery flow with the second delivery flow is preferred controlled by that in the flow direction at the end of the second delivery line arranged second outlet has at least one nozzle.
- a nozzle of the accelerated second flow This can be achieved that the second Flow rate at the meeting with the first flow a higher Speed as this has, or an existing speed difference can increase.
- This is advantageous because with increasing Speed difference between the flow rates mixing the Flows, in particular by turbulence and splitting operations of Flow rates, is improved.
- a nozzle, the second flow on Divide the outlet expand it or divide it into individual partial flows. A resolution of a solid flow into individual streams, or individual parts is advantageous because thus the first flow better penetrate into the first flow and with this can mix.
- a nozzle is any cross-sectional constriction of the flow.
- every element that to a dilation, dispersion or division or to its (partial) Direction change of the flow rate leads as nozzle suitable.
- dispersing or dividing can also be the first Feed line have a nozzle.
- the mixing of the flow rates can be in the cavity itself, but also in the Connecting element done.
- the connecting element in another Embodiment of the invention, a mixing chamber for the merger of the first and the second flow on.
- a provided in the connecting element Mixing chamber allows the mixing conditions regardless of the one to be filled Cavity always the same. So the mixing chamber for a particularly favorable Merging the flow rates to be formed.
- a mixture of the flow rates in the cavity can be inefficient when For example, the cavity in relation to the cross sections of the delivery line has very large cross section and the flow streams to be mixed is not good be merged. Especially in such a case, it is advantageous if by a predefined mixing chamber a consistently good mixture of Flow is generated.
- a mixing chamber is an area in which the flow streams meet and be mixed together.
- the mixing chamber may be a delimited space in the Connecting element, the supply lines for trickling and pumpable explosives and an outlet for the mixed flow rates.
- the mixing chamber can However, also be a part of an element in which the flow rates be merged.
- the mixing area may be part of a pipe in which the first flow is conveyed and introduced into the through a feed line the emulsion becomes.
- the mixture of the flow rates must not leave the mixing chamber be completely completed.
- the flow rates in the mixing chamber of the Joined connecting element and partly mixed, while the complete mixture of free-flowing and pumpable explosive to pulpy (Heavy ANFO) explosive is only completed in the cavity.
- the connecting element as simple component with an interior, such as a pipe, be formed in that the second outlet, for example in the form of a supply line, opens.
- the mixture in the mixing chamber is in a further embodiment of the invention improved by adding static mixers and / or dynamic mixers in the mixing chamber be provided. These lead to each other mixing flow streams, or the mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive energy and change their Flow direction. This improves the flow rates to be mixed brought into contact with each other, so that an improved mixture is achieved.
- Static mixers are arranged in the mixing chamber objects that a flow hinder. These can be from the side in the mixing chamber projecting rods, plates, cones or other elements that change the flow direction of the flow. Static mixers may also be baffles on which a flow, for example the second flow, impinges and decomposes at this baffle plate in partial flows, or parts becomes. Dynamic mixers are driven elements that are not just the Change flow direction of a flow, but in this change the Feed the flow of energy, for example, in one direction accelerate.
- the filling process can be simpler be carried out by a projecting from the connecting element of this Support plate is provided.
- the connecting element by a Filling hole is inserted into the cavity, it is advantageous if the position of the Connecting element through the support plate, which on the surrounding area of the Fill opening rests, is held. Then the user of the filling device needs the Filling device during the filling process does not hold, resulting in a simpler Operability leads.
- a support plate may be any element that is suitable for the connection element to keep its inserted into the filling opening position.
- the support plate will usually be a mostly round plate, which rests on the Greiersrand.
- a support plate can also off Individual elements, such as stands, which consist of the filling device in the Hold filling opening.
- the support plate may be a tripod.
- the Support elements can be designed so that they fit well into the filling opening invade surrounding ground.
- the support elements can be tapered be.
- the connecting element may preferably be particularly simple by an operator of Borehole be offset to well without the delivery vehicle to be implemented would.
- AN prills or ANC explosive can be considered as consisting of individual free-flowing particles substance be easily transported in a gas stream.
- a conveying blower is a device that generates a gas flow in which the ON or ANC explosive particles are transported. This can be a blower or a pump be, but also the outlet of a pressure vessel or a nozzle, which has an existing Accelerated gas flow.
- a container for ANC explosives or AN prills is any storage form for ANC explosives or AN prills from which the ANC explosive particles or AN prills can be introduced into a gas stream.
- These can be closed containers, be partly open container or bed.
- the containers can be fixed or movable Be container.
- the container may be mounted on a vehicle, so that the AN prills or ANC explosives can be transported to the blast site and can be filled into the cavity by means of the filling device.
- the connecting element designed such that it is the filling opening of the cavity does not close.
- that in the mixed pulp explosive may be preferred Heavy ANFO, unincorporated gas escaping from the cavity well, without the complete filling of the cavity with explosives hampered by gas inclusions becomes.
- the second delivery line for pumpable explosive or emulsion connected to a feed pump, the a mixer for oil-emulsifier mixture and aqueous nitrate salt solution connected is.
- the emulsion is as pumpable material easiest with a feed pump promoted.
- By mixing the components oil-emulsifier mixture and nitrate salt solution produces an emulsion matrix which after Mixing with the density regulator after one reaction time has elapsed Emulsion explosive forms. So that in the second delivery line no ignitable Therefore explosive must be promoted, so the mixture of components so carried out that the flammable explosive explosive only when mixed with AN prills or ANC explosive or even in the cavity is created.
- the oil-emulsifier mixture and the nitrate salt solution are preferably in containers stored, these containers may be stationary or movable.
- these containers can be provided on a vehicle and from this on Sprengort mixed with the filler with ANC explosives and in a Cavity be filled.
- the pumpable explosive or the emulsion can already be mixed in one Store container and possibly transported on a vehicle. This eliminates the Blending process of emulsion at the blast site.
- the device can be made simpler be provided because no mixing and metering for mixing the emulsion Need to become.
- Fig. 1 is a first embodiment of the filling device according to the invention shown. Shown are a first delivery line 2, a second delivery line 3 and an im essential tubular connection element 1.
- the first delivery line 2 is by means of a first terminal 10 connected to the connecting element 1.
- the second line is connected by a connection 15 with the connecting element 1.
- the Connecting element 1 has a tubular main body 17 which is connected to the terminal 10th is angled away. From the terminal 15 leads a supply line 16 to the main body 17, wherein the supply line is provided in the angle of the main body. At the end of Supply line 16, a nozzle 25 is provided.
- Within the main body 17 forms the Feed line 16 a sleeve 18, which is perpendicular to the flow direction of the ANC explosive is aligned in the terminal 10.
- a mixing chamber 4 is provided in the tube-like main body 17.
- this Mixing chamber 4 are arranged as a static mixer 20 rods, from the edge of the Mixing chamber 4 are directed inwards.
- these mixers 20 are purely optional.
- the tubular main body 17 has an outlet 5.
- the first delivery line 2 leads to a conveyor fan and not shown a container for ANC explosives.
- the second delivery line 3 leads to a likewise not shown mixer for emulsion, mixed from oil-emulsifier mixture and aqueous nitrate salt solution.
- the support plate 40 has conical support elements 41.
- Connecting element 1 is introduced with the outlet 5 in the filling opening of the cavity until the support elements 41 of the support plate 40 on the surrounding the filling opening reason seated.
- the support members 41 secure the support plate 40 against displacement and ensure a distance between the bottom and the backing plate 40, by the gas can escape.
- 2 ANC explosives through the first delivery line and conveyed through the second delivery line 3 emulsion in the main body 17.
- the emulsion and the ANC explosive mixed are the emulsion and the ANC explosive mixed. Due to the arrangement of the sleeve 18 meet ANC explosives and emulsion only when they are both almost parallel within the main body 17 in the Flow mixing chamber 4 downwards.
- the sleeve 18 prevents the emulsion by the flow of the ANC explosive to the wall of the main body 17th is pressed and glued there.
- the flow of the emulsion flared so that it fits well with the flow of ANC explosive mixed.
- the mixing is further assisted by the mixers 20, which the Vortex mixture in the mixing chamber.
- Made of ANC explosive and emulsion Mixed Heavy-ANFO explosive exits through the outlet 5.
- Fig. 2 shows while maintaining the same reference numerals for the same elements Connecting element 1A, which via a connection 10 to a first delivery line and can be connected via a connection 15 to a second delivery line. At the terminal 15 is followed by a line 35 which through the main body 17 to an outlet 7 leads.
- the outlet 7 has a nozzle 26.
- the main body 17 has an outlet 6 on.
- the connecting element 1A in a Inserted filling opening of the cavity.
- the delivery line 2 passes ANC explosives in the main body 17 and is discharged at the outlet 6 thereof.
- the Delivery line 3 passes emulsion into the line 35 and is from this through the nozzle 26 of the outlet 7 ejected.
- the emerging from the outlet 7 emulsion and the the ANC explosive exiting the outlet 6 mix in the cavity Heavy ANFO explosive.
- the mixing process is characterized by the widening of the Flow of the emulsion at the nozzle 26 supported.
- FIG. 3 shows while maintaining the same reference numerals for the same elements Filling vehicle 50, to which the first delivery line 2, the second delivery line 3 and the Connecting element 1 are connected. To avoid repetition in the Only the structure of the filling vehicle 50 will be described below.
- the filling vehicle 50 carries a number of containers. These are a container 51 for oil-emulsifier mixture, a container 52 for aqueous nitrate salt solution, a container 53 for Fuel, a container 54 for aluminum powder and a container 56 for Amonniumnitrat prills.
- a screw conveyor 57 leads to a Rotary valve 58, which is mounted on a Ausblasrohr 59.
- the exhaust pipe 59 is on an air transport hose 62 connected at the other end a Delivery fan 55 is arranged. At the exhaust pipe 59, the first closes Delivery line 2.
- a continuous mixer 61 and a Feed pump 60 is provided, wherein the feed pump 60, the second Feed line 3 connects.
- the connecting element 1 is inserted into the borehole mouth 31 of a borehole 30.
- emulsion and ANC explosive become heavy ANFO Explosive mixed, which is introduced through the outlet 5 in the wellbore 30.
- the diameter of the main body 17 is selected such that it is less than that Diameter of the borehole, so that to promote the ANC explosives used gas can escape the well 30 well and no gas pockets in the Borehole 30 forms.
- This device can explosives with a conveying speed of 100 to 200 kg / min be promoted in the well. It can also drill holes with only 90 mm diameter to be filled.
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Description
- 1,1A
- Verbindungselement
- 2
- Erste Förderleitung
- 3
- Zweite Förderleitung
- 4
- Mischkammer
- 5
- Auslass
- 6
- Auslass
- 7
- Auslass
- 10
- erster Anschluß
- 15
- zweiter Anschluß
- 16
- Zuleitung
- 17
- Hauptkörper
- 20
- statischer Mischer
- 25
- Düse
- 26
- Düse
- 30
- Bohrloch
- 31
- Bohrlochmund
- 40
- Stützplatte
- 41
- Stützelement
- 50
- Füllfahrzeug
- 51
- Behälter für Öl-Emulgator-Gemisch
- 52
- Behälter für wässrige Nitratsalzlösung
- 53
- Behälter für Brennstoff
- 54
- Behälter für Aluminiumpulver
- 55
- Fördergebläse
- 56
- Behälter für Ammoniumnitrat-Prills
- 57
- Transportschnecke
- 58
- Zellenradschleuse
- 59
- Ausblasrohr
- 60
- Förderpumpe
- 61
- Mischer
- 62
- Lufttransportschlauch
Claims (20)
- Verfahren zum Füllen eines Hohlraums (30) mit einem breiförmigen Heavy-ANFO Sprengstoff
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein rieselfähiger Sprengstoff, nämlich ein ANFO-Sprengstoff, und
ein pumpfähiger Sprengstoff, nämlich ein Emulsionssprengstoff,
in einem Mischbereich unmittelbar an einer Füllöffnung (31) des Hohlraums (30) zu einem breiförmigen Heavy-ANFO Sprengstoff, vermischt werden. - Verfahren nach dem voranstehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der rieselfähige Sprengstoff in einem Förderstrom gefördert wird und der pumpfähige Sprengstoff in den Förderstrom des rieselfähigen Sprengstoffes eingebracht wird. - Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der rieselfähige Sprengstoff und der pumpfähige Sprengstoff in getrennten Förderströmen gefördert werden und zum Zeitpunkt des Vermischens des einen Förderstroms mit dem anderen ein Unterschied in der Fördergeschwindigkeit zwischen den Förderströmen besteht. - Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der rieselfähige Sprengstoff und der pumpfähige Sprengstoff in getrennten Förderströmen gefördert werden und zum Zeitpunkt des Vermischens des einen Förderstroms mit dem anderen die Förderrichtung des einen Förderstroms einen Winkel α zur Förderrichtung des anderen Förderstroms bildet. - Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein geschlossener Förderstrom des pumpfähigen Sprengstoffes aufgelöst wird. - Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Mischbereich (4) während des Befüllens im Verhältnis zum Hohlraum (30) am selben Ort verbleibt. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischbereich (4) während des Befüllens im Verhältnis zum Hohlraum (30) bewegt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Mischungsverhältnis des pumpfähigen Sprengstoffes und des rieselfähigen Sprengstoffes während des Befüllens verändert wird. - Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüchen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Hohlraum (30) zunächst teilweise mit aus rieselfähigem Sprengstoff und pumpfähigem Sprengstoff gemischten breiförmigen Sprengstoff befüllt und daran anschließend mittels rieselfähigem Sprengstoff vollständig gefüllt wird. - Füllvorrichtung zum Füllen eines Hohlraums (30) mit breiförmigem Heavy-ANFO Sprengstoff
gekennzeichnet durch
eine erste Förderleitung (2) für einen ersten Förderstrom von rieselfähigem Sprengstoff, nämlich ANFO-Sprengstoff
eine zweite Förderleitung (3) für einen zweiten Förderstrom von pumpfähigem Sprengstoff nämlich Emulsionssprengstoff und
ein an eine Füllöffnung (31) des Hohlraum (30) anzusetzendes oder durch die Füllöffnung (31) in den Hohlraum (30) einzuführendes Verbindungselement (1) zur Zusammenführung des ersten und des zweiten Förderstroms. - Füllvorrichtung nach dem unmittelbar vorstehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die zweite Förderleitung (3) mindestens teilweise in der ersten Förderleitung (2) verläuft. - Füllvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden, auf eine Füllvorrichtung gerichteten Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Verbindungselement (1) einen in Strömungsrichtung am Ende der ersten Förderleitung (2) vorgesehenen ersten Auslass für rieselfähige Sprengstoff mit einem in Strömungsrichtung am Ende der zweiten Förderleitung (3) vorgesehenen zweiten Auslass für pumpfähigen Sprengstoff verbindet. - Füllvorrichtung nach dem unmittelbar vorstehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der zweite Auslass mindestens eine Düse (25, 26) aufweist. - Füllvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden, auf eine Füllvorrichtung gerichteten Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Verbindungselement (1) eine Mischkammer (4) für die Zusammenführung des ersten und des zweiten Förderstroms aufweist. - Füllvorrichtung nach dem unmittelbar vorstehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der zweite Auslass in die Mischkammer (4) mündet. - Füllvorrichtung nach einem der beiden unmittelbar vorstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
in der Mischkammer (4) statische Mischer (20) und/oder dynamische Mischer vorgesehen sind. - Füllvorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden auf eine Vorrichtung gerichtete Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
um das Verbindungselement (1) eine von diesem abstehende Stützplatte (40) vorgesehen ist. - Füllvorrichtung nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Stützplatte (40) Stützelemente (41) zur Abstützung der Stützplatte (40) an der Umgebungsfläche der Füllöffnung aufweist. - Füllvorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden auf eine Vorrichtung gerichteten Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die erste Förderleitung (2) für rieselfähigen Sprengstoff an ein Fördergebläse (55) und einen Behälter für rieselfähigen Sprengstoff angeschlossen ist. - Füllvorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche 10 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Förderleitung (3) für Emulsion an eine Förderpumpe (60) angeschlossen ist, die an einen Mischer (61) für Öl-Emulgator-Gemisch und wässriger Nitratsalzlösung angeschlossen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10105590A DE10105590B4 (de) | 2001-02-06 | 2001-02-06 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Füllen eines Hohlraumes mit breiförmigem Sprengstoff |
DE10105590 | 2001-02-06 | ||
PCT/EP2002/001251 WO2002063234A1 (de) | 2001-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum füllen eines hohlraums mit breiförmigem sprengstoff |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1360456A1 EP1360456A1 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
EP1360456B1 true EP1360456B1 (de) | 2005-07-13 |
Family
ID=7673198
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02711841A Expired - Lifetime EP1360456B1 (de) | 2001-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum füllen eines hohlraums mit breiförmigem sprengstoff |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1360456B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10105590B4 (de) |
PL (1) | PL198045B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002063234A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103424043B (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-11-25 | 青岛拓极采矿服务有限公司 | 井下矿升降式乳化炸药现场混装车 |
FR3106073B1 (fr) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-01-21 | Nitrates & Innovation | Installation pour la préparation d’une composition explosive et procédé de préparation d’une composition explosive |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL32183A (en) * | 1968-05-31 | 1973-01-30 | Int Research & Dev Co Ltd | Facility and method for mixing and pumping liquid explosives |
BE793571A (fr) * | 1971-12-30 | 1973-04-16 | Nitro Nobel Ab | Prodede et appareil pour le chargement d'explosifs dans des trous de forage |
US4614146A (en) * | 1984-05-14 | 1986-09-30 | Les Explosifs Nordex Ltee/Nordex Explosives Ltd. | Mix-delivery system for explosives |
GB2187490B (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1989-12-06 | Aeci Ltd | Charging of explosives into boreholes |
DE3642139A1 (de) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-23 | Msw Chemie Gmbh | Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur herstellung eines ammoniumnitrat-sprengstoffes |
CA1315573C (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1993-04-06 | Phil O'garr | Method and apparatus for charging waterlogged boreholes with explosives |
AUPM955094A0 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1994-12-15 | Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited | Apparatus and process for explosives mixing and loading |
DE19637024C2 (de) * | 1996-09-12 | 1999-04-08 | Appenzeller Albert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Sprengstoff und zur Befüllung von Spreng- und Bohrlöchern |
US5907119A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-05-25 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Method of preventing afterblast sulfide dust explosions |
-
2001
- 2001-02-06 DE DE10105590A patent/DE10105590B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-06 WO PCT/EP2002/001251 patent/WO2002063234A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-06 EP EP02711841A patent/EP1360456B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-06 PL PL362871A patent/PL198045B1/pl unknown
- 2002-02-06 DE DE50203620T patent/DE50203620D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002063234A1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
DE10105590A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
PL362871A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
DE10105590B4 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
PL198045B1 (pl) | 2008-05-30 |
DE50203620D1 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
EP1360456A1 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
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