EP1236340A1 - Annuleur d'echo dans un systeme de communication au niveau d'un terminal - Google Patents
Annuleur d'echo dans un systeme de communication au niveau d'un terminalInfo
- Publication number
- EP1236340A1 EP1236340A1 EP00990039A EP00990039A EP1236340A1 EP 1236340 A1 EP1236340 A1 EP 1236340A1 EP 00990039 A EP00990039 A EP 00990039A EP 00990039 A EP00990039 A EP 00990039A EP 1236340 A1 EP1236340 A1 EP 1236340A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- echo
- signal
- gain
- background noise
- output signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M9/00—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching
- H04M9/08—Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g. for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic
- H04M9/082—Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g. for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic using echo cancellers
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to an echo processing device in a communication system. More particularly, it relates to a system for processing the echo at a terminal comprising a first transducer receiving a signal comprising a part due to the activity of a distant correspondent and a second transducer emitting a signal comprising a useful part due to the activity of a local correspondent.
- the activities of the correspondents in question here are voice activities, said first transducer being a loudspeaker and said second transducer being a microphone. It is often a question of allowing a comfortable "hands-free" telephone conversation, that is to say allowing a correspondent to move freely in a room without having to clutter up with a handset or another device.
- One of the major problems posed by this type of “hands-free” telephone conversation is linked to the echo phenomenon which results from the fact that the microphone and the speaker are not completely acoustically decoupled.
- the sound emitted by the speaker is reflected on the walls of the room, on furniture, or even on people moving around the room, and is thus picked up by the microphone.
- This problem is conventionally solved by the implementation of an adaptive echo cancellation device adapted to calculate from the signal received by the loudspeaker an estimate of an echo part of the signal emitted by the microphone and to correct the latter accordingly.
- Such an adaptive echo cancellation device uses a modeling of the impulse response of the system constituted by the loudspeaker, the room where the “hands-free” conversation takes place and the microphone.
- this modeling is done by adjusting the coefficients of a finite impulse response filter comprising a certain number L of coefficients. After an initial period of convergence, the coefficients of the adaptive filter generally converge towards those of the Wiener filter with L coefficients minimizing the average value of the power of the filtering error.
- the number of filter coefficients must be limited to a value compatible with the processing and memory capacities of the target digital signal processor (DSP). This number is generally less than the number of coefficients required to effect effective echo cancellation.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore in particular a treatment making it possible to eliminate or at least attenuate said residual echo so that it is no longer audible. It has already been proposed to provide at the input and at the output of the terminal a device for processing the residual echo based on the variation of the gains in reception and in transmission.
- patent document EP-A-789,4766 a system is described which is provided, on the one hand, with means for canceling echoes and, on the other hand, with means for reducing background noise, both operating in the frequency domain.
- the noise suppression implemented by the noise suppression means consists in estimating the power spectrum of each sub-band, in estimating the noise spectrum and in deducing therefrom the gain to be applied to the sub-band signal. so that noise is reduced. If the gain thus calculated is less than a constant minimum gain, the gain applied to the signal is then this minimum gain.
- the system described in patent document EP-A-789 476 also includes means for suppressing residual echo, these means being active only during the periods when the local speaker is himself active.
- the present invention aims to treat the residual echo which does not have such drawbacks. More particularly, it is aimed at processing the residual echo which does not introduce any perceptible effect on the noise, including under unfavorable conditions of use, for example a high level of noise, variable noise, noise having characteristics. voice activity, a large number of people in a room, a reverberation room, etc.
- This treatment must also be as independent as possible from the characteristics of the acoustic coupling between transducers and be adapted to long or short impulse responses.
- an echo processing device is of the type which comprises a first transducer receiving a signal comprising a part due to the activity of a distant correspondent and a second transducer transmitting a signal comprising a part useful due to the activity of a local correspondent, a background noise part as well as an echo part due to a coupling between said transducers, said echo processing device comprising an adaptive cancellation device for echo adapted to calculate from the signal received by said first transducer an estimate of said echo part of the signal emitted by said second transducer and to subtract said estimate from said signal emitted by said second transducer to produce an output signal from the device echo cancellation.
- said device comprises a compensation means for compensating the effects of said gain variation law on said elements constituting said background noise part, said compensation means comparing the level of the output signal as it should be after application of said gain variation law at a corresponding element constituting said background noise part determined by said second analysis means and, if it determines that said level of said signal output is lower than said level of said element, modifies the gain determined by said law of variation so that the output signal modified by said gain control means is at the level of said element constituting said background noise part.
- a gain variation law is therefore initially calculated, and, before even applying the gain resulting from this calculation, compensation is carried out.
- the initial gain variation law is conventionally calculated from the energies of the transducer signals, the estimated echo signal, the residual signal at the output of the echo cancellation device, and the identified background noise. .
- Many known initial gain calculation procedures can be used. For example, the procedure described in patent document FR-A-2,748,184 may be used.
- the role of the compensation means is in particular to prevent the background noise signal from undergoing audible modifications due to the processing of the residual echo.
- the properties of the human psychoacoustic apparatus are used which make the ambient noise signal subjectively mask the residual echo signal.
- the compensation means compares the average energy of the output signal as it should be after application of said gain variation law with the average energy of the background noise part evaluated during times when the signals exchanged in said communication system are devoid of useful part and, if it determines that said average energy of said signal is less than said average energy of the background noise part, modifies the gain determined by said law of variation so that the signal output modified by said gain control means either at said background noise portion.
- the average energy of the background noise part is corrected by a coefficient making it possible to control the level of residual noise which will be transmitted.
- the compensation means comprises means for generating a simulation signal reproducing the characteristics of said background noise portion, said means being activated when said output signal is modified by said gain control means.
- the gain calculated by the initial gain variation law is kept as it is, but a simulation signal whose spectral characteristics are as close as possible to those of the actual noise is generated and added to the output signal. This allows a large amplitude of gain variation, freed from noise contrast problems.
- the processing is carried out in a transformed domain which generally corresponds to the Fourier harmonic analysis.
- the spectral components of the output signal are analyzed sequentially by samples of frequency bands, said first analysis means distinguishing each component constituting said echo part, said second analysis means identifying a component spectral component of said background noise part, said calculation means determining a gain specific to a given spectral component, so as to minimize its level if it is constitutive of said echo part, and the compensation means comparing the energy of the output signal as it should be after modification by said gain, for said given spectral component, to the energy of the corresponding spectral component constituting said background noise part and, if it determines that said energy of the output signal is less than said energy of said spectral component, modifying said gain so that said given spectral component is at the level of said corresponding spectral component of background noise.
- a method for processing the echo in a communication system at a terminal comprising a first transducer receiving a signal comprising a part due to the activity of a distant correspondent and a second transducer emitting a signal comprising a useful part due to the activity of a local correspondent, a background noise part as well as an echo part due to a coupling between said transducers, said method comprising a first step adaptive echo cancellation comprising calculating from the signal received by said first transducer an estimate of said echo portion of the signal transmitted by said second transducer and subtracting said estimate from said signal transmitted by said second transducer to produce a signal Release.
- Said echo processing method is characterized in that it comprises a second step of processing the echo remaining after said step of canceling the echo, said second step consisting in distinguishing elements which are constitutive of said echo part, identifying elements which constitute said background noise part, determining a law of variation of a gain modifying said output signal so as to minimize the levels of said elements constituting said part d echo without substantially affecting said useful part, and to compensate for the effects of said gain variation law on said constituent elements of said background noise part.
- This processing can be carried out in a spectral domain, sequentially, by samples of frequency bands.
- FIG. . 1 is a block diagram showing the operation of an echo processing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the operation of an echo processing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the operation of an echo processing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- An echo processing device 1 operates at a terminal of a communication system comprising a microphone 5 and a loudspeaker 4.
- the loudspeaker 4 receives a signal corresponding to the voice activity of a distant correspondent and the microphone 5 emits a signal comprising a useful part due to the activity of a local correspondent, a background noise part, as well as an echo part due to a coupling between microphone and loudspeaker.
- the echo processing device 1 comprises an adaptive echo cancellation device 3 and a residual echo processing device 2.
- the adaptive echo cancellation device 3 intervenes between the input of the speaker 4 and the output of the microphone 5. It includes a finite impulse response filter 6. This filter is adapted to calculate from the signal received by the speaker an estimate of an echo part of the signal emitted by the microphone. This estimate is subtracted from the signal emitted by the microphone.
- the residual echo processing device 2 intervenes at the output of the adaptive echo cancellation device 3, that is to say that the signal of transmitted at the input of this residual echo processing device 2 output processed by the adaptive echo cancellation device 3.
- the residual echo processing device comprises a spectral transformation means 7 at the input and a reverse spectral transformation means at the output 11, between which a modifier means intervenes of spectral gains 12, controlled by a means of calculating the spectral gains 10 connected to a means of calculating the echo parameters 9 and a means of calculating the noise parameters 8.
- the spectral transformation means 7 is adapted to decompose the output signal of the echo cancellation device 3 into N samples of frequency bands. The transformation is carried out using a fast Fourier transformation algorithm (FFT). For applications where the signal sampling frequency is established at 8 kHz, it is possible to use, for example, a fast Fourier transformation algorithm over 256 frequency points of which only 129 are used for the subsequent calculation of gain modification.
- FFT fast Fourier transformation algorithm
- the spectral gain modifying means 12 is adapted to individually modify the spectral gains. It is controlled by the spectral gain calculation means which, from information available on each spectral component, determines a spectral attenuation for the spectral component considered.
- a calculation of the initial spectral attenuation is carried out from the known procedure mentioned above requiring here the knowledge of the spectral distributions of the energies of the signal coming from the echo cancellation device, of the noise signal of background, the estimated echo signal, the microphone signal, and the speaker signal.
- the means for calculating the echo parameters makes it possible to determine whether or not the spectral component analyzed corresponds to echo alone. If so, this component will be mitigated. If it also corresponds to a useful part of the signal, that is to say corresponding to the voice activity of the local correspondent, it will not, or will be little, attenuated.
- this initial spectral attenuation is corrected using a complementary procedure forming compensation means.
- this procedure checks whether or not the energy of the corresponding output signal as modified by the initial spectral attenuation is less than the energy of the corresponding spectral component of the background noise. If this is the case, the procedure replaces the gain calculated initially by an effective gain equal to the square root of the noise energy divided by the energy of the corresponding spectral component of the output signal. Thus, this spectral component of the output signal will be reduced to the level of the corresponding spectral component of the background noise. In the case where the energy of the output signal is greater than or equal to the energy of the background noise, the effective gain will be the gain calculated initially.
- the means for calculating the background noise parameters makes it possible to identify the energy of the spectral component of background noise.
- the processing requires the implementation of a voice activity detection procedure in order to determine the times when the noise power spectral density must be estimated. This detection procedure can be implemented at frame rate over the entire bandwidth of the signal, or, more finely, over each of the spectral components.
- the echo processing device 101 operates at the level of a terminal of a communication system comprising a microphone 5 and a loudspeaker 4. As in the previous embodiment, it generally comprises an adaptive cancellation device echo 3 and a residual echo processing device 102.
- the adaptive echo cancellation device 3 is identical to that described in the first embodiment and the residual echo processing device 102 also intervenes at its output.
- the residual echo processing device 102 comprises a means for calculating the energy of the local noise 115 at the input of which the signal is output from the microphone 5 and a means for calculating the energy of the residual signal 114 at the input of which the signal at the output of the echo cancellation device 3 is transmitted, these means 114 and 115 both being connected to a means for calculating the gain in initial transmission 110, itself connected to a means correction of transmission gain calculation 113 which finally intervenes on the output signal of the echo cancellation device which it is adapted to attenuate.
- the initial transmission gain calculation means 110 is adapted to determine an initial law of variation of the gain. As the processing does not take place, unlike the previous embodiment, in a transformed domain, the initial law of variation of the gain varies only as a function of time.
- This initial transmission gain calculation means 110 distinguishes the useful parts of the output signal from the echo parts and determines a gain variation law suitable for attenuating the latter.
- the known procedure mentioned above requires the knowledge of the signal energies from the echo canceller, the background noise signal, the estimated echo signal, the microphone signal and the signal. speaker signal.
- this initial attenuation is corrected using a complementary procedure forming means of compensation.
- This procedure compares the average power of the signal present at the output of the echo cancellation device, given by the means of calculating the energy of the residual signal 114, with the average power of the background noise evaluated during the instants of no voice activity, given by the local noise energy calculation means 115.
- this procedure checks whether the average power of the signal present at the output of the echo cancellation device as modified by the initial gain variation law is or is not less than the average power of the background noise evaluated during the instants of vocal non-activity divided by a coefficient K.
- the procedure replaces the gain calculated initially by an effective gain equal to the square root of the average power of the background noise evaluated during the instants of vocal non-activity divided by the power of the output signal multiplied by the coefficient K.
- this spectral component of the output signal will be reduced to the level of the corresponding spectral component of the background noise divided by the coefficient K.
- the average power of the output signal such as modified by the initial gain variation law is greater than or equal to the average power of the background noise evaluated during the moments of non-activity voice
- the actual gain will be the gain resulting from the application of the initial gain variation law.
- Parameter K controls the level of residual noise that will be transmitted to the remote party.
- G ⁇ x (pT) procedure_calcul_gain (Energie_sig_in, Energy_bruit_local,
- This procedure makes it possible to constantly adapt over time the depth of the gain variation relative to the characteristics of the residual echo signal.
- this procedure aims to apply an attenuation so as to reduce this signal to that of the noise measured in the local room corrected by the coefficient K.
- the residual echo signal is subjectively masked by ambient noise. It is therefore not audible when listening to the output signal modified by the residual echo processing device.
- the echo processing device 201 operates at the level of a terminal of a communication system comprising a microphone 5 and a loudspeaker 4. As in the previous embodiments, it generally comprises an adaptive cancellation device echo 3 and a residual echo processing device 202.
- the adaptive echo cancellation device 3 is identical to that described in the first embodiment and the residual echo processing device 202 also intervenes at its output.
- the residual echo processing device 202 comprises a means for calculating the energy of the local noise 215, at the input of which the signal at the output of the microphone 5 is transmitted via an activity detection means voice 216, and a means of calculating the energy of the residual signal 214 at the input of which the signal at the output of the echo cancellation device 3 is transmitted, these means 214 and 215 being both connected to a means of calculation of the gain on transmission 210 which intervenes on the output signal of the echo cancellation device which it is adapted to attenuate.
- This residual echo processing device 202 also comprises a means for calculating the parameters of background noise 208, at the input of which the signal at the output of the microphone 5 is transmitted via the voice activity detection means 216 , this means 208 being connected to a comfort noise generating means 217 adapted to emit a signal which, weighted by a value complementary to that of the gain calculated by the means of calculating the gain in transmission, will be added to the output signal the echo cancellation device as attenuated by the application of this gain.
- the initial transmission gain calculation means 210 is adapted to determine, as in the previous embodiment, a gain variation law. This initial transmission gain calculation means 210 distinguishes the useful parts of the output signal from the echo parts and determines a gain variation law suitable for attenuating the latter. Is again used for this, the known procedure mentioned above and requires knowledge of the signal energies from the device echo cancellation, background noise signal, estimated echo signal, microphone signal and speaker signal.
- this attenuation is partially compensated for by a procedure based on the emission of comfort noise, the application of said procedure forming means of compensation.
- the voice activity detection means detects whether a sampling period is a period in which the correspondents are inactive.
- the noise parameters calculation means 208 calculates the fundamental parameters characterizing the background noise surrounding the local correspondent.
- the noise characteristics can correspond to the coefficients of the linear prediction model (or to equivalent representations such as the reflection coefficients, LAR or LSP) with which the energy of the residue of this prediction is associated. These parameters are generally established on the basis of knowledge of the noise samples and of the desired prediction order. The choice of this last parameter makes it possible to reproduce more or less faithfully the spectral characteristics of the noise actually present in the local environment.
- the comfort noise generating means 217 uses these background noise parameters to generate a signal for simulating the background noise present in the local environment.
- the transmission gain calculation means 210 calculates not only a gain value G TX to be applied to the output signal of the echo cancellation device, but also a gain value (1-G ⁇ ) which is applied to the signal simulation emitted by the comfort noise generating means.
- the signals from the echo cancellation device 3 and the comfort noise generating means 217 thus modified by the transmission gain calculation means 210 are added to each other to obtain a processed output signal which will be transmitted to the remote party.
- sig_out (pT) G ⁇ (pT) .sig_in (pT) + [l-G ⁇ (pT)]. noise_comfort (pT)
- Comfort noise is therefore only inserted during periods of signal attenuation intended to reduce the audible residual echo.
- the output signal contains the entire natural background noise.
- the sum of the level of comfort noise and the level of natural background noise remaining after attenuation corresponds to the level of natural background noise without attenuation.
- the distant correspondent therefore does not perceive noise contrasts.
- natural background noise is kept to a maximum. It is also possible, in this embodiment, to authorize significant gain variations, with a gain which can range from a value substantially equal to 1 to a value substantially equal to 0. The switching between these two states is done by very flexible, without generation of contrasts, with permanent continuity in the characteristics of the signal transmitted to the remote correspondent.
- DSP real-time signal processing
- this estimation can be carried out on the basis of digital filtering with an infinite impulse response of order 1 according to the relationship :
- Energy_signal_X represents the energy of the signal which one seeks to obtain.
- X represents the level of the sampled signal.
- N is an integer equal to 1 in the case of an amplitude estimate and equal to 2 in the case of an energy estimate.
- the value of the parameter ⁇ determines the time constant of the filter, this constant possibly being able to be adapted over time with respect to the characteristics of the signals to be processed.
- this calculation can be, as indicated above, carried out according to the known procedure described in particular in the patent document FR-A-2 748 184 where the law of variation of the gain in transmission is established as a function of the levels measured at the level of the loudspeaker and the microphone for sound pickup. Other known gain variation law calculation procedures may also be applied.
- the device corresponding to the second embodiment of the present invention will advantageously be used, this device making it possible to mask the echo residue by ambient noise.
- this second type of device will not be able to overcome all of the contrast contrast problems. noise.
- the third embodiment of the present invention will then be advantageously used.
- the echo canceller and the residual echo processor will therefore have to operate in a same area.
- the echo cancellation device is supplemented by a residual echo processing device according to the first mode of the present invention.
- an echo cancellation algorithm working in the time domain such as LMS and NLMS, it is desirable that the echo cancellation device is supplemented by a device for processing the residual echo according to the second mode or the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the three devices described aim to modify the residual echo signal in such a way that the latter is inaudible within the signal transmitted to the distant correspondent, due to the simultaneous, temporal and frequency masking properties inherent in the human auditory system.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Interconnected Communication Systems, Intercoms, And Interphones (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9915643 | 1999-12-09 | ||
FR9915643A FR2802375B1 (fr) | 1999-12-09 | 1999-12-09 | Dispositif de traitement de l'echo dans un systeme de communication au niveau d'un terminal |
PCT/FR2000/003450 WO2001043413A1 (fr) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-08 | Annuleur d'echo dans un systeme de communication au niveau d'un terminal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1236340A1 true EP1236340A1 (fr) | 2002-09-04 |
Family
ID=9553146
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00990039A Withdrawn EP1236340A1 (fr) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-08 | Annuleur d'echo dans un systeme de communication au niveau d'un terminal |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7023986B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1236340A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003516673A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2394370A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2802375B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL149187A0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001043413A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2802375B1 (fr) | 1999-12-09 | 2002-09-20 | France Telecom | Dispositif de traitement de l'echo dans un systeme de communication au niveau d'un terminal |
FR2866494A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-08-19 | Cit Alcatel | Dispositif de reduction d'echo par seuillage adaptable dynamiquement en phase de convergence |
US7668714B1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2010-02-23 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for dynamically providing comfort noise |
EP1941712B1 (fr) * | 2005-10-21 | 2010-02-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Suppresseur d'echos acoustiques |
US8290141B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2012-10-16 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Techniques for comfort noise generation in a communication system |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5561668A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 1996-10-01 | Coherent Communications Systems Corp. | Echo canceler with subband attenuation and noise injection control |
ATE282924T1 (de) * | 1996-02-09 | 2004-12-15 | Texas Instruments Inc | Geräuschverminderungsanordnung |
US5933495A (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1999-08-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Subband acoustic noise suppression |
FR2802375B1 (fr) | 1999-12-09 | 2002-09-20 | France Telecom | Dispositif de traitement de l'echo dans un systeme de communication au niveau d'un terminal |
-
1999
- 1999-12-09 FR FR9915643A patent/FR2802375B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-12-08 IL IL14918700A patent/IL149187A0/xx unknown
- 2000-12-08 CA CA002394370A patent/CA2394370A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-08 US US10/149,027 patent/US7023986B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-08 JP JP2001542992A patent/JP2003516673A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-08 WO PCT/FR2000/003450 patent/WO2001043413A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-08 EP EP00990039A patent/EP1236340A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO0143413A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030099349A1 (en) | 2003-05-29 |
FR2802375B1 (fr) | 2002-09-20 |
JP2003516673A (ja) | 2003-05-13 |
WO2001043413A1 (fr) | 2001-06-14 |
US7023986B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
FR2802375A1 (fr) | 2001-06-15 |
IL149187A0 (en) | 2002-11-10 |
CA2394370A1 (fr) | 2001-06-14 |
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