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EP1216060A2 - Magnetic nanoparticles having biochemical activity, method for the production thereof and their use - Google Patents

Magnetic nanoparticles having biochemical activity, method for the production thereof and their use

Info

Publication number
EP1216060A2
EP1216060A2 EP00979466A EP00979466A EP1216060A2 EP 1216060 A2 EP1216060 A2 EP 1216060A2 EP 00979466 A EP00979466 A EP 00979466A EP 00979466 A EP00979466 A EP 00979466A EP 1216060 A2 EP1216060 A2 EP 1216060A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
derivatives
acids
magnetic nanoparticles
magnetic
proteins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00979466A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael K. Bahr
Dimitri Berkov
Norbert Buske
Joachim Clement
Peter GÖRNERT
Klaus HÖFFKEN
Kay-Oliver Kliche
Thomas Kober
Matthias Schnabelrauch
Sebastian Vogt
Kerstin Wagner
Christian Gansau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biomedical Apherese Systeme GmbH
Original Assignee
Biomedical Apherese Systeme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biomedical Apherese Systeme GmbH filed Critical Biomedical Apherese Systeme GmbH
Publication of EP1216060A2 publication Critical patent/EP1216060A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6921—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere
    • A61K47/6923—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being an inorganic particle, e.g. ceramic particles, silica particles, ferrite or synsorb
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2989—Microcapsule with solid core [includes liposome]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to magnetic nanotubes, their production and their
  • Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. More and more people are dying in particular from lung, breast and prostate cancer.
  • combating cancer is currently one of the primary goals of medicine.
  • chemotherapy with its known side-effect profile is one of the usual treatment methods for combating metastatic tumors, since the drugs also damage healthy cells due to their unspecific effect, and that in the sensitive areas of the entire body.
  • New therapeutic approaches use, among other things, immune reactions by activating the body's own defenses through messenger substances or cytokines and by destroying the tumor cells on the other hand by protein molecules and / or monoclonal antibodies.
  • New developments in the field of tumor cell separation already use particles with a magnetic core that have been modified with biologically active enveloping substances. So-called “drug targeting" with substances coupled to magnetic microspheres such as doxorubicin or other cytostatics are in development.
  • microbeads and "dynabeads”, which are also known, are already used for diagnostic procedures in that the magnetic microspheres are adsorbed onto the cell membrane of malignant cells as a result of biological interaction and then magnetically separated. Since the surface structure of the cell membrane is generally non-specific, the separation rates are less than 80%. As a result, there is a risk that many cancer cells have not been separated. These can continue to form metastases.
  • the separation for the purpose of diagnosis takes place exclusively extracorporeally, i.e. the liquid with the cells to be separated is treated in a suitable vessel outside the human body. After the separation, the now cleaned liquid can be returned to the human body.
  • DE 41 16 093 AI is a process for the production of magnetic carriers by controlled modification the surface of magnetic particles.
  • magnetic particles are described which are also capable of forming magnetic liquids, which are characterized in that they carry heteropoly anions and saturated or unsaturated surface-active agents.
  • This surface modification is intended to enable biologically active molecules, including antibodies, to be bound to the surface of the particles.
  • the biologically active molecules are bound to polythiols via thio bridges.
  • dicarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids and dimercaptosuccinic acid are used as linker substances. These compounds are able to bind to the magnetic particle due to an iron complexing group.
  • DE 196 24 426 AI describes magnetic liquids for the transport of diagnostically or therapeutically active substances.
  • the magnetic core particles are encased with polymers that have reactive groups that are capable of covalent bonding or ion exchange. New or additional functional groups can be applied or activated to this absolutely biocompatible shell, which can consist, among other things, of dextran.
  • the drug bound to the magnetic particle in the manner described should be administrable intravenously and by means of a magnetic high gradient field in the area of a target area such.
  • the particle size of which is specified as 200-500 nm. Due to the size of the particles, penetration of the particles into intracellular spaces is also not possible here. A specific binding to intracellular biomacromolecules is also not possible with these particles.
  • the object of the invention is to provide nanotubes which can specifically bind to intracellular biomacromolecules in the intracellular area of cells, so that separation is possible by the action of an external magnetic field.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention are advantageously able to penetrate through the cell membranes into intracellular spaces and there to interact with intracellular biomacromolecules.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles are made of ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic material and are biologically active and / or therapeutically effective cladding layers. They are able, on the one hand, to penetrate the cell membrane of the cells and, on the other hand, to dock in the intracellular area of malignant cells with high specificity on the target located there.
  • the size of the nanoparticles according to the invention is generally 2 to 100 nm.
  • the nanoparticles have excellent properties with regard to the ability to penetrate the cell membrane and their better tolerance to the body. Although they have a relatively low magnetic moment due to the small volume, the intracellular particle agglomeration leads to an increase in concentration due to the binding to the intracellular target biomacromolecules, with an increase in the magnetic moment of the malignant cells to be separated, which favors the magnetic separation.
  • Typical core materials of the nanoparticles according to the invention are ferrites of the general composition MeO x Fe 2 0 3 , where Me is a divalent metal, such as Co, Mn or Fe.
  • Other suitable materials are ⁇ -Fe 2 0 3 , pure metals Co, Fe, Ni and metal compounds, such as carbides and nitrides. Since the magnetic moment of cobalt and iron is up to four times higher than that of ferrite, these substances can be separated more effectively with the same particle size and the same magnetic fields. However, it should be borne in mind that the biocompatibility of these materials is lower. This can be an advantage if it causes additional damage to, for example, malignant cells. On the other hand, the exposure time and concentration of these substances in healthy cells must be limited. The interplay of biochemical, medical and physical properties requires the production of tailor-made magnetic core materials and cladding layers.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles enable penetration of the cell membranes and interaction of the magnetic nanoparticles with intracellular target biomacromolecules. For this it is necessary to distribute the magnetic nanoparticles homogeneously in body fluids, because aggregated nanoparticles are not able to penetrate the cell membrane. Among other things, this requires a sufficiently thick covering layer, which must be at least in the order of the radius of the cores, and a good biocompatibility of the components of the covering layer. Charge carriers in the shell material, that is, a higher zeta potential, can also have a favorable effect on the dispersibility in the body fluid.
  • a particularly favorable application form of the magnetic nanoparticles is a dispersion according to claim 9.
  • a homogeneous distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention can be promoted by setting a low concentration of the nanoparticle dispersions.
  • higher concentrations occur in the interior of the cell if the nanoparticles are concentrated in the intracellular area of cells by specific adsorption on target biomacromolecules. Particle agglomeration inside the cell is advantageous.
  • the increase in concentration of magnetic nanoparticles increases the magnetic moment in the cell to be separated.
  • the formation of the magnetic core particles takes place in either the aqueous or organic phase via seed / crystal growth processes.
  • Manufacturing in the aqueous phase using chemical precipitation methods has several advantages. Firstly, the unmodified magnetic particles form in a first stage. These can be given both positive and negative charge signs via pH settings.
  • the shell molecules are only adsorbed in a second stage. The adsorption effectiveness depends on the charge sign on the surface of the magnetic core particles. The rule applies that shell molecules with negatively charged molecule particles preferentially adsorb onto core surfaces with a positive charge sign.
  • An ionic chemical reaction usually takes place, e.g. between carboxyl compounds and amino compounds. This has the advantage that the adsorbed enveloping molecules completely cover the core surface and are firmly anchored to it.
  • Ferromagnetic metal core particles are mainly produced by thermolysis of the metal carbonyls in the organic phase.
  • soluble surfactants or polymers are added, which serve for stabilization.
  • core particles that are in the organic phase are homogeneously distributed.
  • the core particles are transferred into an aqueous carrier liquid. If the coating contains modified amino acids, the core particles are transferred after the organic solvent has been largely removed by adding an alkaline aqueous carrier liquid. The coating layer is converted into the water-soluble salt of the amino acid, which causes the magnetic core particles to be dispersed.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles can then be produced via further reactions.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles contain a compound of the general formula M - S - L - Z (I), the linking sites between S and L and L and Z having covalently bonded functional groups, and
  • M is the magnetic core particle
  • S is a biocompatible substrate attached to M
  • L is a linker group
  • the magnetic core particles consist of magnetite, maghemite, ferrites of the general formula MeO x Fe 2 0 3 , where Me is a divalent metal, such as cobalt, manganese, iron, or cobalt, iron, nickel, iron carbide or iron nitride.
  • Me is a divalent metal, such as cobalt, manganese, iron, or cobalt, iron, nickel, iron carbide or iron nitride.
  • the size of the core particles is 2-100 nm.
  • the substrate S is in one embodiment of the invention by the compounds such as poly- or oligosaccharides or their derivatives such as dextran, carboxymethyl dextran, starch, dialdehyde starch, chitin, alginates, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, proteins or their derivatives such as albumins , Peptides, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polymethacrylates, bifunctional carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as mercapto-succinic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acids.
  • the compounds such as poly- or oligosaccharides or their derivatives such as dextran, carboxymethyl dextran, starch, dialdehyde starch, chitin, alginates, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, proteins or their derivatives such as albumins , Peptides, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine,
  • the linker group L is converted by reacting a compound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contain at least two identical or different functional groups, are formed.
  • a compound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives
  • the functional groups are provided by way of example, which can be used according to the invention as linking groups for the substrate S, for the linker grouping L and the grouping Z. It is essential that the compound (I) is characterized by covalent bonds.
  • the biochemically active compound of the general formula S - L - Z (II) is excellently suitable for producing the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles are produced in stages.
  • the magnetic core particles are produced in a manner known per se and, in a preferred variant, are reacted directly with the biochemically active compound (II).
  • the magnetic core particles according to the invention are produced by the following method: a. Production of the magnetic core particles in a manner known per se, b. Implementation of the magnetic core particles with the biocompatible substrate S and c. Reacting the resulting compound M - S with a compound L - Z, whereby for the production of L - Z a compound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, poly - Saccharide, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contains at least two identical or different functional groups, with nucleic acids, peptides and / or proteins or their derivatives which have at least one functional group and which contain at least
  • the procedure is such that only the compound L - Z is produced and then L - Z is reacted with the substrate S.
  • the nanoparticles according to the invention can be used for separating cells, for separating malignant cells and for separating intracellular biomacromolecules.
  • the fusion regions of chromosomes serve as molecular markers as points of attack for an interaction with intracellular biomacromolecules. That can e.g. B. Molecular markers typical of the disease.
  • these fusion regions can lead to fusion genes which produce fusion messenger ribonucleic acids (fusion mRNA) and fusion proteins.
  • fusion mRNA fusion messenger ribonucleic acids
  • CML Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
  • a chromosomal reorganization t (9; 22) (q34; qll) occurs, the so-called Philadelphia chromosome, which leads to the BCR / ABL gene product.
  • Philadelphia chromosome the so-called Philadelphia chromosome
  • This gene is rewritten into messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and leads to the synthesis of the BCR / ABL protein.
  • mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid
  • the BCR / ABL mRNA and the BCR / ABL protein only occur in the tumor cells.
  • BCR / ABL mRNA can be considered as the binding domain for the magnetic nanoparticles.
  • the Z grouping of the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention is intended to interact with the complementary sequence on the mRNA by means of nucleic acid-nucleic acid interaction, the BCR / ABL fusion site having to be contained in this sequence.
  • the individual-specific sequence around the fusion site has previously been determined by laboratory methods. The interaction is said to take place in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.
  • ALL Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) t (9; 22) (q34; qll) (BCR / ABL) t (1; 19) (q23; pl3) (E2A / PBX) t (8; 14) (q24; q32) t (2; 8) (pll; q24) t (8; 22) (q24; qll) (MYC, IGH,
  • AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia
  • AML t (8; 21) (q22; q22) (AML / ETO) t (15; 17) (q21; qll) (PML / RARA) invl6 (pl3q22) t (16, -16) ( pl3; q22)
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphomas t (14, -18) (q32, q21) (BCL2 / IGH) t (8, -14) (q24, -q32) t (2, 8) (pll; q24) t (8, - 22) (q24; qll)
  • the invention has several advantages. First of all, it has been shown that the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention have high biocompatibility in corresponding cell culture studies. This enables a safe application, and a purely extracorporeal use of the particles is also conceivable in the context of the applications according to the invention.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention offer decisive advantages. With them it is possible to penetrate into the interior of the cells, the so-called cytoplasm, and specifically to bind biomacromolecules with corresponding structures such as binding domains of nucleic acids.
  • Proteins produced after appropriate translation are also envisaged as target biomacromolecules for specific binding to the group Z of the general formula (I).
  • group Z of the general formula (I) Proteins produced after appropriate translation are also envisaged as target biomacromolecules for specific binding to the group Z of the general formula (I).
  • all malignant diseases have a changed genome in the cell as the basis. This molecular basis has already been defined for a number of diseases.
  • the fusion of existing genes into so-called fusion genes leads to an individual-specific change in the base sequence, which has both specificity with regard to the underlying disease and to the respective patient.
  • the modified genomic structure (binding domain) is first used as a specific binding partner of the group Z in (I) by means of molecular diagnostics. Are defined.
  • the group Z is synthesized as a specific binding partner of the binding domain and then used clinically.
  • healthy cells also have defined base sequences which are of interest as a binding domain.
  • An example of this may be embryonic cells that are present in every healthy organism and that, as a prototype for a cell type-specific gene expression, have a base sequence that is different from that of adult cells.
  • malignant cells these cells can serve as target objects for magnetic separation of intracellular biomacromolecules by inducing a specific binding of the Z group to intracellular nucleic acids. This makes it clear that the separation of malignant cells is only one example of many. In addition to the separation from blood, the use of all other body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, lymph, urine, saliva, sperm and dissociated tissue can of course also be considered.
  • chronic myeloid leukemia It has long been known that chronic myeloid leukemia is based on a specific translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, which is referred to as a generic term as the Philadelphia chromosome.
  • molecular analyzes in recent years have shown that even in the case of a disease, there are a large number of possible breakpoints - that is, different fusion genes - which must be defined individually for each patient. It is therefore not possible to develop a universal strategy for every patient with chronic offer myeloid leukemia, rather the exact location of the break point (binding domain) must first be defined in the sense described above.
  • the breakpoints are advantageously to be specifically addressed with the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention after appropriate characterization. Then cells of the malignant clone can first be marked and later separated in the desired manner. In principle, this procedure is possible for all other diseases. Even solid tumors such as breast cancer or colon cancer are increasingly understood in their molecular basis. Hereditary forms of breast and colon cancer can be distinguished from sporadic forms, which still make up the vast majority of cases. On the basis of the expression of certain gene patterns, the malignant cells can in turn be labeled and isolated in the desired form. In principle, extraction from liquids as well as from tissue is conceivable. At this point it must be emphasized again that such a specific procedure has not yet been possible with any other magnetic nanoparticle and represents a completely new application of the binding of magnetic particles to biomacromolecules.
  • the residue is taken up again in HCl (3-10 N) and the whole process is repeated until an electrical conductivity of 20-500 ⁇ S / cm is reached at a pH of 4-5 or the residue is counteracted with HCl (3rd -10 N) dialyzed until these values are also reached.
  • the saturation polarization of the stable magnetite / maghemite sol formed is a maximum of 6 mT.
  • Magnetite and / or maghemite sols are added 6 g CM- Dextran (DS 0.4-2) dissolved in 20 ml of water and heated the mixture with stirring to 40-80 ° C, primarily 50-60 ° C, for 30 min.
  • the stable sol formed in the process consisting of magnetite / maghemite particles coated with CM-dextran, is then purified by dialysis against water.
  • the saturation polarization of the CM-dextran coated nanoparticles is a maximum of 6 mT.
  • Example 5 2 g of dimercaptosuccinic acid dissolved in 20 ml of water are added to 100 ml of the magnetite and / or maghemite sol described in Examples 1 and 2 and the mixture is heated to 70 ° C. with stirring for 30 min.
  • the stable sol formed in the process consisting of magnetite / maghemite particles coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid, is then purified by dialysis against water.
  • the saturation polarization is 1-8 mT, primarily 3-6 mT.
  • Example 7 100 ml of the dispersion prepared according to Example 1 or 2 are mixed in an alkaline solution which contains 7 g of N-oleoylsarcosine (Korantin SH from BASF) and stirred for 30 minutes at 50-80 ° C., primarily at 65 ° C. The particles agglomerate after mixing, but stabilize again when the pH in alkaline is maintained, primarily between 8 and 9. The particles precipitate out in acid but redisperse again in alkaline.
  • Korantin SH N-oleoylsarcosine
  • 1 ml of the magnetite and / or maghemite sol described in Examples 1 and 2 is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and adjusted to pH 7 by adding dilute NaOH. Then 60 mg of the albumin functionalized according to 9, dissolved in 10 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), are added and the mixture is heated to 40 ° C. with stirring for about 30 min. The magnetic liquid obtained is then centrifuged and the solution is purified by dialysis against water.
  • 1 ml of the magnetic liquid prepared according to Example 3 or 4 is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10, mixed with 20 mg of a water-soluble carbodiimide (N-ethyl-N - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride) and for about Stirred at 5-10 ° C for 30 min. Then 10 mg of a peptide (H-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-OH) are added and the mixture is kept at 5-10 ° C. for 24 h. To separate the by-products and unreacted starting materials, dialysis is carried out against water.
  • a water-soluble carbodiimide N-ethyl-N - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride

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Abstract

The invention relates to magnetic nanoparticles, to the production thereof and to their use. The aim of the invention is to prepare nanoparticles which, also in the intracellular area of cells, can specifically bond to intracellular biomacromolecules so that a separation is made possible by the action of an external magnetic field. This is achieved by using magnetic nanoparticles which have a biochemical activity and which are comprised of a magnetic nuclear particle and of a shell layer that is fixed to the nuclear particle. The nanoparticles contain a compound of general formula M - S - L - Z (I), whereby the binding sites between S and L and L and Z have covalently bound functional groups. M represents the magnetic nuclear particle, S represents a biocompatible substrate fixed to M, L represents a linker grouping, and Z represents a grouping, which is comprised of nucleic acids, peptides or proteins or of their derivatives, and which has at least one structure that is specifically capable of binding with a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule.

Description

Magnetische Nanoteüchen mit biochemischer Wirksamkeit und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung Magnetic nanotubes with biochemical efficacy and processes for their production and their use
Besehreibu gDescription
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf magnetische Nanoteüchen, ihre Herstellung sowie auf ihreThe invention relates to magnetic nanotubes, their production and their
Verwendung gemäß den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1, 9, 13, 17, 18, 19, 21 und 23 bis 25.Use according to the preambles of claims 1, 9, 13, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 23 to 25.
Krebserkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten Todesursachen. Immer mehr Menschen sterben insbesondere an Lungen-, Brust- und Prostatakrebs. Die Bekämpfung von Krebserkrankungen gehört darum gegenwärtig zu den vorrangigen Zielen der Medizin. Zu den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden der Bekämpfung von metastasierenden Tumoren gehört neben der operativen Entfernung befallener Organe die Chemotherapie mit ihrem bekannten Nebenwirkungsprofil, da die Medikamente infolge ihrer unspezifischen Wirkung auch gesunde Zellen schädigen und zwar an den dafür empfänglichen Stellen des gesamten Körpers.Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. More and more people are dying in particular from lung, breast and prostate cancer. Combating cancer is currently one of the primary goals of medicine. In addition to the surgical removal of infected organs, chemotherapy with its known side-effect profile is one of the usual treatment methods for combating metastatic tumors, since the drugs also damage healthy cells due to their unspecific effect, and that in the sensitive areas of the entire body.
Neue Therapieansätze nutzen u. a. Immunreaktionen, indem einmal die körpereigenen Abwehrkräfte durch Botenstoffe oder Zytokine aktiviert werden und zum anderen Eiweißmoleküle und/oder monoklonale Antikörper die Tumorzellen vernichten. Neuentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Tumorzellseparation benutzen bereits Teilchen mit magnetischem Kern, die mit biologisch aktiven Hüllsubstanzen modifiziert sind. Sogenanntes "drug targeting" mit an magnetische Mikrosphären gekoppelten Substanzen wie Doxorubicin oder anderen Zytostatika befinden sich in der Entwicklung.New therapeutic approaches use, among other things, immune reactions by activating the body's own defenses through messenger substances or cytokines and by destroying the tumor cells on the other hand by protein molecules and / or monoclonal antibodies. New developments in the field of tumor cell separation already use particles with a magnetic core that have been modified with biologically active enveloping substances. So-called "drug targeting" with substances coupled to magnetic microspheres such as doxorubicin or other cytostatics are in development.
Die auch bekannten "Microbeads" und "Dynabeads" werden schon für diagnostische Verfahren genutzt, indem die magnetischen Mikrosphären infolge biologischer Wechselwirkung an die Zellmembran maligner Zellen adsorbiert und anschließend magnetisch separiert werden. Da die Oberflächenstruktur der Zellmembran im allgemeinen unspezifisch ist, liegen die Separationsraten allerdings bei weniger als 80%. Das hat zur Folge, daß die Gefahr besteht, daß viele Krebszellen nicht separiert worden sind. Diese können weiterhin Metastasen bilden. Die Separation zum Zwecke der Diagnose erfolgt dabei ausschließlich extrakorporal, d.h. die Flüssigkeit mit den zu separierenden Zellen wird in einem geeigneten Gefäß außerhalb des menschlichen Körpers behandelt . Nach der Separation kann die nun gereinigte Flüssigkeit wieder dem menschlichen Körper zugeführt werden.The "microbeads" and "dynabeads", which are also known, are already used for diagnostic procedures in that the magnetic microspheres are adsorbed onto the cell membrane of malignant cells as a result of biological interaction and then magnetically separated. Since the surface structure of the cell membrane is generally non-specific, the separation rates are less than 80%. As a result, there is a risk that many cancer cells have not been separated. These can continue to form metastases. The separation for the purpose of diagnosis takes place exclusively extracorporeally, i.e. the liquid with the cells to be separated is treated in a suitable vessel outside the human body. After the separation, the now cleaned liquid can be returned to the human body.
Aufgrund der unvollständigen Abtrennung der malignen Zellen ist zu erwarten, daß dieses Verfahren nach einiger Zeit wiederholt werden muß. Da aber das Verfahren ohnehin kranke Personen sehr stark belastet, ist eine wiederholte Behandlung nur sehr begrenzt möglich.Due to the incomplete separation of the malignant cells, it can be expected that this procedure will have to be repeated after some time. However, since the procedure places a heavy burden on sick people anyway, repeated treatment is only possible to a very limited extent.
In der DE 41 16 093 AI ist ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung magnetischer Träger durch kontrollierte Modifizierung der Oberfläche von magnetischen Teilchen beschrieben. Nach diesem Verfahren werden magnetische Teilchen beschrieben, die auch magnetische Flüssigkeiten zu bilden in der Lage sind, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, daß sie Heteropolyanionen und gesättigte oder ungesättigte oberflächenaktive Mittel tragen. Diese Oberflächenmodifizierung soll ermöglichen, daß biologisch aktive Moleküle, unter anderem Antikörper, an die Oberfläche der Teilchen gebunden werden können. Die biologisch aktiven Moleküle werden hier über Thio- Brücken an Polythiole gebunden. Unter anderem werden hier als Linker-Substanzen Dicarbonsäuren und Hydroxy- carbonsäuren sowie Dimerkaptobersteinsäure eingesetzt. Diese Verbindungen sind in der Lage, aufgrund einer Eisen-komplexierenden Gruppe an das magnetische Teilchen zu binden.DE 41 16 093 AI is a process for the production of magnetic carriers by controlled modification the surface of magnetic particles. According to this process, magnetic particles are described which are also capable of forming magnetic liquids, which are characterized in that they carry heteropoly anions and saturated or unsaturated surface-active agents. This surface modification is intended to enable biologically active molecules, including antibodies, to be bound to the surface of the particles. The biologically active molecules are bound to polythiols via thio bridges. Among other things, dicarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids and dimercaptosuccinic acid are used as linker substances. These compounds are able to bind to the magnetic particle due to an iron complexing group.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß diese magnetischen Teilchen, die auf der Oberfläche biologisch aktive Moleküle enthalten, nicht geeignet sind, in intrazelluläre Räume einzudringen und dort mit Biomakromolekülen zu koppeln, da sie keine ausreichende Biokompatibiltät besitzen.It has been shown that these magnetic particles, which contain biologically active molecules on the surface, are not suitable for penetrating intracellular spaces and coupling there with biomacromolecules, since they do not have sufficient biocompatibility.
In der DE 196 24 426 AI sind magnetische Flüssigkeiten für den Transport von diagnostisch oder therapeutisch wirksamen Substanzen beschrieben. Die magnetischen Kernteilchen werden mit Polymeren umhüllt, die reaktive Gruppen aufweisen, die zur kovalenten Bindung oder zum Ionenaustausch befähigt sind. An diese durchaus biokompatible Hülle, die unter anderem aus Dextran bestehen kann, können neue oder zusätzliche funktioneile Gruppen aufgebracht oder aktiviert werden, z. B. Bersteinsäureanhydrid oder Chloressigsäure, an die dann die diagnostisch oder therapeutisch wirksamen Substanzen entweder über eine heteropolare oder eine kovalente Bindung fixiert werden. Das an das Magnetteilchen auf die beschriebene Weise gebundene Pharmakon soll intravenös verabreichbar sein und mittels eines magnetischen Hochgradientenfeldes im Bereich eines Zielgebietes wie z. B. eines Tumores oder einer entzündlichen Gewebsregion fixiert werden und dort seine diagnostischen und therapeutischen Wirkungen entfalten. Um diesen Transport im Magnetfeld zu ermöglichen, ist hier eine hohe intravasale Verfügbarkeit der Magnetteilchen erforderlich, deren Partikelgröße mit 200-500 nm angegeben werden. Schon aufgrund der Größe der Teilchen ist auch hier ein Eindringen der Teilchen in intrazelluläre Räume nicht möglich. Auch eine spezifische Bindung an intrazelluläre Biomakromoleküle ist mit diesen Teilchen nicht durchführbar .DE 196 24 426 AI describes magnetic liquids for the transport of diagnostically or therapeutically active substances. The magnetic core particles are encased with polymers that have reactive groups that are capable of covalent bonding or ion exchange. New or additional functional groups can be applied or activated to this absolutely biocompatible shell, which can consist, among other things, of dextran. B. succinic anhydride or chloroacetic acid, to which the diagnostically or therapeutically active substances are then either a heteropolar or a covalent bond can be fixed. The drug bound to the magnetic particle in the manner described should be administrable intravenously and by means of a magnetic high gradient field in the area of a target area such. B. a tumor or an inflammatory tissue region and there develop its diagnostic and therapeutic effects. In order to enable this transport in the magnetic field, a high intravascular availability of the magnetic particles is required, the particle size of which is specified as 200-500 nm. Due to the size of the particles, penetration of the particles into intracellular spaces is also not possible here. A specific binding to intracellular biomacromolecules is also not possible with these particles.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung von Nanoteüchen, die spezifisch auch im intrazellulären Bereich von Zellen Bindungen an intrazelluläre Biomakromoleküle eingehen können, so daß durch Einwirkung eines äußeren Magnetfeldes eine Separation möglich wird.The object of the invention is to provide nanotubes which can specifically bind to intracellular biomacromolecules in the intracellular area of cells, so that separation is possible by the action of an external magnetic field.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Teilen der Ansprüche 1, 9, 13, 17, 18, 19, 21 und 23 bis 25.The object is achieved according to the invention with the characterizing parts of claims 1, 9, 13, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 23 to 25.
Die erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Nanoteilchen sind vorteilhafterweise in der Lage durch die Zellmembranen in intrazelluläre Räume einzudringen und dort mit intrazellulären Biomakromolekülen zu interagieren.The magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention are advantageously able to penetrate through the cell membranes into intracellular spaces and there to interact with intracellular biomacromolecules.
Die magnetischen Nanoteilchen bestehen aus ferri- oder ferromagnetischem Material und weisen biologisch aktive und/oder therapeutisch wirksame Hüllschichten auf. Sie sind in der Lage, zum einen die Zellmembran der Zellen zu durchdringen und zum anderen im intrazellulären Bereich von malignen Zellen mit hoher Spezifität an dem dort befindlichen Targets anzudocken.The magnetic nanoparticles are made of ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic material and are biologically active and / or therapeutically effective cladding layers. They are able, on the one hand, to penetrate the cell membrane of the cells and, on the other hand, to dock in the intracellular area of malignant cells with high specificity on the target located there.
Die Größe der erfindungsgemäßen Nanoteilchen beträgt in der Regel 2 bis 100 nm. Die Nanoteilchen haben hinsichtlich des Vermögens der Durchdringung der Zellmembran und ihrer besseren Körperverträglichkeit hervorragende Eigenschaften. Obwohl sie wegen des kleinen Volumens ein relativ geringes magnetisches Moment besitzen, führt die intrazelluläre Teilchenagglomeration aufgrund der Bindung an die intrazellulären Zielbiomakromoleküle zu einer Konzentrationssteigerung mit Erhöhung des magnetischen Momentes der abzutrennenden malignen Zellen, was die magnetische Separation begünstigt.The size of the nanoparticles according to the invention is generally 2 to 100 nm. The nanoparticles have excellent properties with regard to the ability to penetrate the cell membrane and their better tolerance to the body. Although they have a relatively low magnetic moment due to the small volume, the intracellular particle agglomeration leads to an increase in concentration due to the binding to the intracellular target biomacromolecules, with an increase in the magnetic moment of the malignant cells to be separated, which favors the magnetic separation.
Typische Kernmaterialien der erfindungsgemäßen Nanoteilchen sind Ferrite der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung MeOxFe203, wobei Me ein zweiwertiges Metall, wie Co, Mn oder Fe ist. Weitere geeignete Materialien sind γ-Fe203, Reinmetalle Co, Fe, Ni und MetallVerbindungen, wie Carbide und Nitride. Da das magnetische Moment von Cobalt und Eisen bis zu vierfach höher als das der Ferrite ist, sind diese Stoffe bei gleicher Teilchengröße und gleichen Magnetfeldern effektiver abzutrennen. Allerdings ist zu berücksichtigen, daß die biologische Verträglichkeit dieser Materialien geringer ist. Das kann ein Vorteil sein, wenn dadurch eine zusätzliche Schädigung von beispielsweise malignen Zellen erfolgt. Andererseits ist die Expositionszeit und Konzentration dieser Stoffe in gesunden Zellen zu begrenzen. Das Zusammenspiel von biochemischen, medizinischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften erfordert die Herstellung von maßgeschneiderten magnetischen Kernmaterialien und Hüllschichten .Typical core materials of the nanoparticles according to the invention are ferrites of the general composition MeO x Fe 2 0 3 , where Me is a divalent metal, such as Co, Mn or Fe. Other suitable materials are γ-Fe 2 0 3 , pure metals Co, Fe, Ni and metal compounds, such as carbides and nitrides. Since the magnetic moment of cobalt and iron is up to four times higher than that of ferrite, these substances can be separated more effectively with the same particle size and the same magnetic fields. However, it should be borne in mind that the biocompatibility of these materials is lower. This can be an advantage if it causes additional damage to, for example, malignant cells. On the other hand, the exposure time and concentration of these substances in healthy cells must be limited. The interplay of biochemical, medical and physical properties requires the production of tailor-made magnetic core materials and cladding layers.
Erfindungsgemäß ermöglichen die magnetischen Nanoteilchen gemäß Anspruch 1 ein Durchdringen der Zellmembranen und das Interagieren der magnetischen Nanoteilchen mit intrazellulären Zielbiomakromolekülen. Dazu ist es erforderlich, die magnetischen Nanoteilchen homogen in Kδrperflüssigkeiten zu verteilen, denn aggregierte Nanoteilchen sind nicht in der Lage, die Zellmembran zu durchdringen. Das setzt unter anderem eine genügend dicke Hüllschicht, die wenigstens in der Größenordnung des Radius der Kerne sein muß, und eine gute Biokompatibilität der Bestandteile der Hüllschicht voraus. Ladungsträger im Hüllmaterial, also ein höheres Zetapotential, können die Dispergierfähigkeit in der Kδrperflüssigkeit zusätzlich günstig beeinflussen. Eine besonders günstige Applikationsform der magnetischen Nanoteilchen ist eine Dispersion gemäß Anspruch 9.According to the invention, the magnetic nanoparticles enable penetration of the cell membranes and interaction of the magnetic nanoparticles with intracellular target biomacromolecules. For this it is necessary to distribute the magnetic nanoparticles homogeneously in body fluids, because aggregated nanoparticles are not able to penetrate the cell membrane. Among other things, this requires a sufficiently thick covering layer, which must be at least in the order of the radius of the cores, and a good biocompatibility of the components of the covering layer. Charge carriers in the shell material, that is, a higher zeta potential, can also have a favorable effect on the dispersibility in the body fluid. A particularly favorable application form of the magnetic nanoparticles is a dispersion according to claim 9.
Eine homogene Verteilung der erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Nanoteilchen kann durch Einstellung einer geringen Konzentration der Nanoteilchen-Dispersionen begünstigt werden. Höhere Konzentrationen entstehen dann allerdings im Innenraum der Zelle, wenn die Nanoteilchen durch spezifische Adsorption an Zielbiomakromoleküle im intrazellulären Bereich von Zellen konzentriert werden. Im Inneren der Zelle ist eine Teilchenagglomeration von Vorteil. Die Konzentrationssteigerung an magnetischen Nanoteilchen erhöht das magnetische Moment in der zu separierenden Zelle.A homogeneous distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention can be promoted by setting a low concentration of the nanoparticle dispersions. However, higher concentrations occur in the interior of the cell if the nanoparticles are concentrated in the intracellular area of cells by specific adsorption on target biomacromolecules. Particle agglomeration inside the cell is advantageous. The increase in concentration of magnetic nanoparticles increases the magnetic moment in the cell to be separated.
Die Bildung der magnetischen Kernteilchen findet entweder in der wäßrigen oder organischen Phase über Keimbüdungs-/Kristallwachstumsprozesse statt. Die Herstellung in der wäßrigen Phase über chemische Fällungsmethoden hat mehrere Vorteile, zum einen bilden sich in einer ersten Stufe die unmodifizierten magnetischen Teilchen, diese können über pH- Einstellungen sowohl positive als auch negative Ladungsvorzeichen erhalten. Erst in einer zweiten Stufe werden die Hüllmoleküle adsorbiert . Die Adsorptionseffektivität richtet sich nach dem Ladungsvorzeichen an der Oberfläche der magnetischen Kernteüchen. Es gilt die Regel, daß Hüllmoleküle mit negativ geladenen Molekülteilchen bevorzugt an Kernoberflächen mit positivem Ladungsvorzeichen adsorbieren. Dabei erfolgt meist eine ionische chemische Reaktion, wie z.B. zwischen CarboxylVerbindungen und Aminoverbindungen . Diese hat den Vorteil, daß die adsorbierten Hüllmoleküle einmal vollständig die Kernoberfläche bedecken und zum anderen fest auf dieser verankert sind.The formation of the magnetic core particles takes place in either the aqueous or organic phase via seed / crystal growth processes. Manufacturing in the aqueous phase using chemical precipitation methods has several advantages. Firstly, the unmodified magnetic particles form in a first stage. These can be given both positive and negative charge signs via pH settings. The shell molecules are only adsorbed in a second stage. The adsorption effectiveness depends on the charge sign on the surface of the magnetic core particles. The rule applies that shell molecules with negatively charged molecule particles preferentially adsorb onto core surfaces with a positive charge sign. An ionic chemical reaction usually takes place, e.g. between carboxyl compounds and amino compounds. This has the advantage that the adsorbed enveloping molecules completely cover the core surface and are firmly anchored to it.
Oft reicht eine koordinative Bindung des biokompatiblen Substrates S für eine feste Verankerung aus, wie das für Polysaccharide bekannt ist .Coordinative binding of the biocompatible substrate S is often sufficient for firm anchoring, as is known for polysaccharides.
Die Herstellung von ferromagnetischen Metallkern- teilchen erfolgt überwiegend durch Thermolyse der Metallcarbonyle in der organischen Phase. Dabei werden in der organischen Phase lösliche Tenside oder Polymere zugesetzt, die zur Stabilisierung dienen. In der ersten Reaktionsstufe werden dadurch Kernteilchen, die in der organischen Phase homogen verteilt sind, gebildet. In einem zweiten Reaktionsschritt erfolgt die Überführung der Kernteilchen in eine wäßrige Trägerflüssigkeit. Enthält die Hüllschicht modifizierte Aminosäuren, so erfolgt die Überführung der Kernteilchen nach weitgehender Entfernung des organischen Lösungsmittels durch Zusatz von alkalischer wäßriger Trägerflüssigkeit. Die Hüllschicht wird in das wasserlösliche Salz der Aminosäure überführt, die die Dispergierung der magnetischen Kernteilchen bewirkt. Anschließend können über weitere Reaktionen die magnetischen Nanoteilchen hergestellt werden.Ferromagnetic metal core particles are mainly produced by thermolysis of the metal carbonyls in the organic phase. In the organic phase, soluble surfactants or polymers are added, which serve for stabilization. In the first reaction stage, core particles that are in the organic phase are homogeneously distributed. In a second reaction step, the core particles are transferred into an aqueous carrier liquid. If the coating contains modified amino acids, the core particles are transferred after the organic solvent has been largely removed by adding an alkaline aqueous carrier liquid. The coating layer is converted into the water-soluble salt of the amino acid, which causes the magnetic core particles to be dispersed. The magnetic nanoparticles can then be produced via further reactions.
Erfindungsgemäß enthalten die magnetischen Nanoteilchen eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel M - S - L - Z (I) , wobei die Verknüpfungsstellen zwischen S und L und L und Z kovalent gebundene funktionelle Gruppen aufweisen und wobeiAccording to the invention, the magnetic nanoparticles contain a compound of the general formula M - S - L - Z (I), the linking sites between S and L and L and Z having covalently bonded functional groups, and
M das magnetisches Kernteüchen, S ein an M fixiertes, biokompatibles Substrat, L eine Linker-Gruppierung ist undM is the magnetic core particle, S is a biocompatible substrate attached to M, L is a linker group and
Z eine Gruppierung, bestehend aus Nukleinsäuren, Peptiden oder Proteinen oder deren Derivate, die mindestens eine Struktur aufweist, die spezifisch mit einer Bindungsdomäne eines intrazellulären Biomakro- moleküls zur Bindung befähigt ist, ist.Z is a grouping consisting of nucleic acids, peptides or proteins or their derivatives, which has at least one structure which is specifically capable of binding with a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule.
Die magnetischen Kernteüchen bestehen aus Magnetit, Maghemit, Ferriten der allgemeinen Formel MeOxFe203, wobei Me ein zweiwertiges Metall, wie Cobalt, Mangan, Eisen ist, oder aus Cobalt, Eisen, Nickel, Eisencarbid oder Eisennitrid. Die Größe der Kernteilchen beträgt in einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung 2-100 nm. Das Substrat S wird in einer Ausführung der Erfindung durch die Verbindungen wie Poly- bzw. Oligosaccharide oder deren Derivate wie Dextran, Carboxymethyl-Dextran, Stärke, Dialdehyd-Stärke, Chitin, Alginate, Zellulose, Carboxymethyl-Zellulose, Proteine oder deren Derivate wie Albumine, Peptide, synthetische Polymere wie Polyethylenglykole, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Poly- ethylenimin, Polymethacrylate, bifunktionelle Carbonsäuren und deren Derivate wie die Merkapto- bernsteinsäure oder Hydroxycarbonsäuren gebildet .The magnetic core particles consist of magnetite, maghemite, ferrites of the general formula MeO x Fe 2 0 3 , where Me is a divalent metal, such as cobalt, manganese, iron, or cobalt, iron, nickel, iron carbide or iron nitride. In a further development of the invention, the size of the core particles is 2-100 nm. The substrate S is in one embodiment of the invention by the compounds such as poly- or oligosaccharides or their derivatives such as dextran, carboxymethyl dextran, starch, dialdehyde starch, chitin, alginates, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, proteins or their derivatives such as albumins , Peptides, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polymethacrylates, bifunctional carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as mercapto-succinic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acids.
In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung wird die Linker-Gruppierung L durch Umsetzung einer Verbindung wie Poly- und Dicarbonsäuren, Polyhydroxycarbonsäuren, Diamine, Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine, Lipide, Lipoproteine, Glykoproteine, Lektine, Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Oligonukleotide und deren alkylierte Derivate und Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA, PNA) und deren alkylierte Derivate, entweder einzelsträngig oder doppelsträngig vorliegend, die mindestens zwei gleiche oder unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen enthält, gebildet .In a further embodiment of the invention, the linker group L is converted by reacting a compound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contain at least two identical or different functional groups, are formed.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sind beispielhaft die funktioneilen Gruppen vorgesehen, die als Verknüpfungsgruppierungen für das Substrat S, für die Linker-Gruppierung L und die Gruppierung Z erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt werden können. Wesentlich ist, daß die Verbindung (I) durch kovalente Bindungen gekennzeichnet ist .In a further embodiment variant of the invention, the functional groups are provided by way of example, which can be used according to the invention as linking groups for the substrate S, for the linker grouping L and the grouping Z. It is essential that the compound (I) is characterized by covalent bonds.
Die biochemisch wirksame Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel S - L - Z (II) eignet sich hervorragend zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Nanoteilchen. Die Herstellung der magnetischen Nanoteilchen erfolgt stufenweise. Die magnetischen Kernteüchen werden auf an sich bekannte Weise hergestellt und in einer bevorzugten Variante unmittelbar mit der biochemisch wirksamen Verbindung (II) umgesetzt.The biochemically active compound of the general formula S - L - Z (II) is excellently suitable for producing the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention. The magnetic nanoparticles are produced in stages. The magnetic core particles are produced in a manner known per se and, in a preferred variant, are reacted directly with the biochemically active compound (II).
In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung werden die erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Kernteilchen nach folgendem Verfahren hergestellt: a. Herstellung der magnetischen Kernteüchen auf an sich bekannte Weise, b. Umsetzen der magnetischen Kernteüchen mit dem biokompatiblen Substrat S und c. Umsetzen der entstandenen Verbindung M - S mit einer Verbindung L - Z, wobei zur Herstellung von L - Z eine Verbindung wie Poly- und Dicarbonsäuren, Polyhydroxycarbonsäuren, Diamine, Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine, Lipide, Lipoproteine, Glykoproteine, Lektine, Oligosaccharide, Poly- saccharide, Oligonukleotide und deren alkylierte Derivate und Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA, PNA) und deren alkylierte Derivate, entweder einzelsträngig oder doppelstrangig vorliegend, die mindestens zwei gleiche oder unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen enthält, mit Nukleinsäuren, Peptiden und/oder Proteinen bzw. deren Derivate, die mindestens eine funktionelle Gruppe aufweisen und die mindestens eine Struktur enthalten, die spezifisch mit einer Bindungsdomäne eines intrazellulären Biomakromoleküls zur Bindung befähigt ist, umgesetzt werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, the magnetic core particles according to the invention are produced by the following method: a. Production of the magnetic core particles in a manner known per se, b. Implementation of the magnetic core particles with the biocompatible substrate S and c. Reacting the resulting compound M - S with a compound L - Z, whereby for the production of L - Z a compound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, poly - Saccharide, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contains at least two identical or different functional groups, with nucleic acids, peptides and / or proteins or their derivatives which have at least one functional group and which contain at least one structure which is specifically capable of binding with a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule.
Zur Herstellung der biochemisch wirksamen Verbindung (II) wird so verfahren, daß erst die Verbindung L - Z hergestellt wird und anschließend L - Z mit dem Substrat S umgesetzt wird.To produce the biochemically active compound (II), the procedure is such that only the compound L - Z is produced and then L - Z is reacted with the substrate S.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Nanoteilchen lassen sich zur Separation von Zellen, zur Separation von malignen Zellen und zur Separation von intrazellulären Biomakromolekülen verwenden. Als Angriffspunkte für eine Interaktion mit intrazellulären Biomakromolekülen sollen insbesondere auch die Fusionsregionen von Chromosomen als molekulare Marker dienen. Das können z. B. erkrankungstypische molekulare Marker sein. Weiterhin können diese Fusionsregionen zu Fusionsgenen führen, die Fusions-Boten-Ribonukleinsäuren (Fusions- mRNA) und Fusionsproteine hervorbringen. Beispielgebend soll die Chronisch-Myeloische Leukäme (CML) genannt werden. Bei der CML tritt ein Chromosomenrearrangement t (9;22) (q34;qll) auf, das sog. Philadelphia-Chromosom, das zum BCR/ABL-Genprodukt führt. Das heißt, in den Zellen mit dieser Chromosomenveränderung liegt ein Gen vor, das in keiner anderen Körperzelle vorkommt. Dieses Gen wird in Boten-Ribonukleinsäure (mRNA) umgeschrieben und führt zur Synthese des BCR/ABL-Proteins . Die BCR/ABL-mRNA und das BCR/ABL-Protein kommen nur in den Tumorzellen vor. Als Bindungsdomäne für die magnetischen Nanoteilchen kommt die BCR/ABL-mRNA in Betracht. Die Z-Gruppierung der erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Nanoteilchen soll mittels Nukleinsäure- Nukleinsäure-Wechselwirkung mit der komplementären Sequenz auf der mRNA interagieren, wobei die BCR/ABL- Fusionstelle in dieser Sequenz enthalten sein muß. Die individualspezifische Sequenz um die Fusionsstelle ist vorher durch Labormethoden bestimmt worden. Die Interaktion soll im Zytoplasma der Tumorzellen stattfinden. Nach dem Andocken der magnetischen Nanoteilchen über die Z-Gruppierung an die komplementäre Sequenz auf der BCR/ABL-mRNA ist die Tumorzelle markiert .The nanoparticles according to the invention can be used for separating cells, for separating malignant cells and for separating intracellular biomacromolecules. In particular, the fusion regions of chromosomes serve as molecular markers as points of attack for an interaction with intracellular biomacromolecules. That can e.g. B. Molecular markers typical of the disease. Furthermore, these fusion regions can lead to fusion genes which produce fusion messenger ribonucleic acids (fusion mRNA) and fusion proteins. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) should be mentioned as an example. In CML, a chromosomal reorganization t (9; 22) (q34; qll) occurs, the so-called Philadelphia chromosome, which leads to the BCR / ABL gene product. This means that there is a gene in the cells with this chromosome change that does not occur in any other body cell. This gene is rewritten into messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and leads to the synthesis of the BCR / ABL protein. The BCR / ABL mRNA and the BCR / ABL protein only occur in the tumor cells. BCR / ABL mRNA can be considered as the binding domain for the magnetic nanoparticles. The Z grouping of the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention is intended to interact with the complementary sequence on the mRNA by means of nucleic acid-nucleic acid interaction, the BCR / ABL fusion site having to be contained in this sequence. The individual-specific sequence around the fusion site has previously been determined by laboratory methods. The interaction is said to take place in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. After the magnetic nanoparticles have been docked onto the Z grouping complementary sequence on the BCR / ABL mRNA, the tumor cell is labeled.
Weitere beispielhafte Krebserkrankungen sind nachfolgend genannt :Other exemplary cancers are listed below:
Hämatologische Erkrankung Chromsomenrearrangement (Fusionsgenprodukt)Hematological disease chromosome reorganization (fusion gene product)
Akute Lymphatische Leukämie (ALL) t (9;22) (q34;qll) (BCR/ABL) t (1;19) (q23;pl3) (E2A/PBX) t(8;14) (q24;q32) t (2; 8) (pll;q24) t (8;22) (q24;qll) (MYC, IGH,Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) t (9; 22) (q34; qll) (BCR / ABL) t (1; 19) (q23; pl3) (E2A / PBX) t (8; 14) (q24; q32) t (2; 8) (pll; q24) t (8; 22) (q24; qll) (MYC, IGH,
IGK, IGL) t (4;11) (q21;q23) ( LL/AF2) t(l;14) (p32;qll)del(lp32)IGK, IGL) t (4; 11) (q21; q23) (LL / AF2) t (l; 14) (p32; qll) del (lp32)
(TAL1, TCRA)(TAL1, TCRA)
Akute Myeloische Leukämie (AML) t(8;21) (q22;q22) (AML/ETO) t(15;17) (q21;qll) (PML/RARA) invl6 (pl3q22) t (16,-16) (pl3;q22)Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) t (8; 21) (q22; q22) (AML / ETO) t (15; 17) (q21; qll) (PML / RARA) invl6 (pl3q22) t (16, -16) ( pl3; q22)
(MYHll/CBFb) t (6;9) (p23;q34) (DEK/CAN)(MYHll / CBFb) t (6; 9) (p23; q34) (DEK / CAN)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphome t (14,-18) (q32;q21) (BCL2/IGH) t (8,-14) (q24,-q32) t(2;8) (pll;q24) t (8,-22) (q24;qll)Non-Hodgkin lymphomas t (14, -18) (q32, q21) (BCL2 / IGH) t (8, -14) (q24, -q32) t (2, 8) (pll; q24) t (8, - 22) (q24; qll)
(MYC, IGH, IGK, IGL) t (11;14) (ql3;q32) (BCLl/lGH) t (3;14) (q27;q32) (BCL6/IGH)(MYC, IGH, IGK, IGL) t (11; 14) (ql3; q32) (BCLl / lGH) t (3; 14) (q27; q32) (BCL6 / IGH)
Ewing Sarkom t (11;22) (q24;ql2) (FLIl/E S)Ewing sarcoma t (11; 22) (q24; ql2) (FLIl / E S)
Für diese Erkrankungen, die wiederum nur eine Auswahl der denkbaren zu therapierenden Krankheiten darstellen, kommt sinngemäß o.g. Vorgehen zur Anwendung. Es existiert jeweils eine krankheitstypische Basensequenz, die durch die folgenden Chromosomenlokalisationen eindeutig beschrieben ist. Entsprechend soll auch bei diesen Erkrankungen die Z-Gruppierung der magnetischen Nanoteilchen mittels Nukleinsäure-Nukleinsäure- Wechselwirkung mit der komplementären Sequenz (Bindungsdomäne) auf der mRNA interagieren. Die Menge aller exakten Basensequenzen für wiederum alle denkbaren Erkrankungen ist unendlich groß, allein für die CML sind derzeit mehr als 10 Bruchregionen beschrieben, hierzu werden ständig neue beschrieben.For these diseases, which in turn represent only a selection of the conceivable diseases to be treated, the above-mentioned procedure is used analogously. There is a disease-specific base sequence, which is clearly described by the following chromosome locations. Accordingly, the Z grouping of the magnetic nanoparticles should also interact with the complementary sequence (binding domain) on the mRNA by means of nucleic acid-nucleic acid interaction in these diseases. The set of all exact base sequences for all conceivable diseases is infinitely large, just for the CML are currently described more than 10 fracture regions, new ones are constantly being described.
Die Erfindung weist verschiedene Vorteile auf. Zunächst hat sich gezeigt, daß die erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Nanoteilchen in entsprechenden Zellkultur- Untersuchungen eine hohe Bioverträglichkeit aufweisen. Hierdurch ist eine gefahrlose Applikation möglich, wobei ebenso eine rein extrakorporale Verwendung der Partikel im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Anwendungen denkbar ist. Im Unterschied zu den existierenden Separationsverfahren mittels Durchflusszytometrie (FACS) sowie MagnetSeparation (MACS) bieten die erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Nanoteilchen entscheidende Vorteile. Mit ihnen ist es möglich, in das Innere der Zellen, das sogenannte Zytoplasma, vorzudringen und hier spezifisch eine Bindung von Biomakromolekülen mit entsprechenden Strukturen wie Bindungsdomänen von Nukleinsäuren herbeizuführen. Auch nach entsprechender Translation entstehende Proteine sind als Zielbiomakromoleküle für die spezifische Bindung an die Gruppierung Z der allgemeinen Formel (I) ins Auge gefasst . Nach heutigem Kenntnisstand weisen alle bösartigen Erkrankungen ein verändertes Genom in der Zelle als Grundlage auf. Bei einer Reihe von Krankheiten ist diese molekulare Grundlage bereits definiert. Die Fusion von existierenden Genen zu sogenannten Fusionsgenen führt zu einer individualspezifischen Veränderung der Basensequenz, die sowohl Spezifität im Hinblick auf die zugrunde liegende Erkrankung als auch auf den jeweiligen Patienten besitzt. Im Rahmen dieses Vorgehens wird erfindungsgemäß zunächst mittels molekularer Diagnostik die veränderte genomische Struktur (Bindungsdomäne) als spezifischen Bindungspartner der Gruppierung Z in (I) definiert. Im Gefolge hiervon wird die Gruppierung Z als spezifischer Bindungspartner der Bindungsdomäne synthetisiert und anschließend klinisch eingesetzt . Weiterhin ist auszuführen, dass auch gesunde Zellen definierte Basensequenzen besitzen, die als Bindungsdomäne von Interesse sind. Als Beispiel hierzu mögen embryonale Zellen dienen, die in jedem gesunden Organismus vorhanden sind und als Prototyp einer Zelltyp-spezifischen Genexpression eine gegenüber adulten Zellen geänderte Basensequenz besitzen. Diese Zellen können - ebenso wie maligne Zellen - als Zielobjekte für eine Magnet-Separation intrazellulärer Biomakromoleküle dienen, indem eine spezifische Bindung der Gruppierung Z an intrazelluläre Nukleinsäuren herbeigeführt wird. Somit wird klar, dass die Separation maligner Zellen nur ein Beispiel von vielen sein dürfte. Neben der Separation aus Blut kommt selbstverständlich auch der Einsatz aller anderen Körperflüssigkeiten wie Liquor, Lymphe, Urin, Speichel, Sperma sowie dissoziierter Gewebe in Betracht.The invention has several advantages. First of all, it has been shown that the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention have high biocompatibility in corresponding cell culture studies. This enables a safe application, and a purely extracorporeal use of the particles is also conceivable in the context of the applications according to the invention. In contrast to the existing separation methods using flow cytometry (FACS) and magnetic separation (MACS), the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention offer decisive advantages. With them it is possible to penetrate into the interior of the cells, the so-called cytoplasm, and specifically to bind biomacromolecules with corresponding structures such as binding domains of nucleic acids. Proteins produced after appropriate translation are also envisaged as target biomacromolecules for specific binding to the group Z of the general formula (I). According to current knowledge, all malignant diseases have a changed genome in the cell as the basis. This molecular basis has already been defined for a number of diseases. The fusion of existing genes into so-called fusion genes leads to an individual-specific change in the base sequence, which has both specificity with regard to the underlying disease and to the respective patient. In the course of this procedure, according to the invention, the modified genomic structure (binding domain) is first used as a specific binding partner of the group Z in (I) by means of molecular diagnostics. Are defined. As a result, the group Z is synthesized as a specific binding partner of the binding domain and then used clinically. It must also be stated that healthy cells also have defined base sequences which are of interest as a binding domain. An example of this may be embryonic cells that are present in every healthy organism and that, as a prototype for a cell type-specific gene expression, have a base sequence that is different from that of adult cells. Like malignant cells, these cells can serve as target objects for magnetic separation of intracellular biomacromolecules by inducing a specific binding of the Z group to intracellular nucleic acids. This makes it clear that the separation of malignant cells is only one example of many. In addition to the separation from blood, the use of all other body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, lymph, urine, saliva, sperm and dissociated tissue can of course also be considered.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der magnetischen Nanoteilchen soll am Beispiel der chronisch-myeloischen Leukämie nochmals ausführlicher dargelegt werden. Seit langem ist bekannt, dass der chronisch-myeloischen Leukämie eine spezifische Translokation zwischen Chromosom 9 und 22 zugrunde liegt, welche als Oberbegriff als Philadelphia-Chromosom bezeichnet werden. Molekulare Analysen der letzten Jahre haben jedoch ergeben, dass selbst bei einer Krankheit eine Vielzahl von möglichen Bruchpunkten - sprich verschiedenen Fusionsgenen - existiert, die beim jeweiligen Patienten individuell definiert werden müssen. Es ist somit nicht möglich, eine Universalstrategie für jeden Patienten mit chronisch- myeloischer Leukämie anzubieten, vielmehr muss im oben beschriebenen Sinne zunächst die exakte Lokalisation des Bruchpunktes (Bindungsdomäne) definiert werden. Die Bruchpunkte sind vorteilhafterweise nach entsprechender Charakterisierung spezifisch mit den erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Nanoteilchen anzugehen. Es können dann gezielt Zellen des malignen Klons zunächst markiert und später in gewünschter Weise separiert werden. Dieses Vorgehen ist prinzipiell für sämtliche anderen Erkrankungen möglich. Auch solide Tumoren wie das Mammakarzinom oder das Dickdarmkarzinom werden zunehmend in ihren molekularen Grundlagen verstanden. Hierbei können hereditäre Formen von Brust- und Darmkrebs gegenüber sporadischen Formen, die nach wie vor die weit überwiegende Mehrzahl der Krankheitsfälle ausmachen, abgegrenzt werden. Anhand der Expression bestimmter Genmuster können hier die malignen Zellen wiederum markiert werden und in gewünschter Form isoliert werden. Hierbei ist prinzipiell sowohl die Extraktion aus Flüssigkeiten wie auch aus Gewebe denkbar. An dieser Stelle muss nochmal betont werden, dass ein solch spezifisches Vorgehen bisher mit keinem anderen magnetischen Nanoteilchen realisierbar ist und eine völlig neuartige Anwendung der Bindung von Magnetpartikeln an Biomakromoleküle darstellt .The use of magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention will be explained in more detail using the example of chronic myeloid leukemia. It has long been known that chronic myeloid leukemia is based on a specific translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, which is referred to as a generic term as the Philadelphia chromosome. However, molecular analyzes in recent years have shown that even in the case of a disease, there are a large number of possible breakpoints - that is, different fusion genes - which must be defined individually for each patient. It is therefore not possible to develop a universal strategy for every patient with chronic offer myeloid leukemia, rather the exact location of the break point (binding domain) must first be defined in the sense described above. The breakpoints are advantageously to be specifically addressed with the magnetic nanoparticles according to the invention after appropriate characterization. Then cells of the malignant clone can first be marked and later separated in the desired manner. In principle, this procedure is possible for all other diseases. Even solid tumors such as breast cancer or colon cancer are increasingly understood in their molecular basis. Hereditary forms of breast and colon cancer can be distinguished from sporadic forms, which still make up the vast majority of cases. On the basis of the expression of certain gene patterns, the malignant cells can in turn be labeled and isolated in the desired form. In principle, extraction from liquids as well as from tissue is conceivable. At this point it must be emphasized again that such a specific procedure has not yet been possible with any other magnetic nanoparticle and represents a completely new application of the binding of magnetic particles to biomacromolecules.
Die Erfindung wird an Hand der folgenden Ausführungs- beispiele näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the following exemplary embodiments.
Ausführungsbeispiele:EXAMPLES
Beispiel 1example 1
0,5 Mol FeCl2 x 4 H20 und 1 Mol FeCl3 x 6 H20 werden in 100 ml Wasser vollständig gelöst und unter Rühren mit konzentriertem Ammoniumhydroxid versetzt bis ein pH- Wert von 9 erreicht wird. Die schwarzen Teilchen in der Dispersion werden magnetisch abgetrennt und die überstehende Lösung abdekantiert . Danach wird die Dispersion mit halbkonzentrierter HCl auf pH 1-4 gebracht, wobei die Teilchen umgeladen werden. Der Prozeß wird wiederholt bis die Teilchen beginnen zu redispergieren. Danach wird zentrifugiert (5000-10000 g) und die überstehende partikelarme Lösung abdekantiert. Der Rückstand wird wieder in HCl (3-10 N) aufgenommen und der ganze Prozeß solange wiederholt bis eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit von 20-500 μS/cm bei einem pH-Wert von 4-5 erreicht wird oder aber der Rückstand wird gegen HCl (3-10 N) dialysiert bis ebenfalls diese Werte erreicht werden. Die Sättigungspolarisation des gebildeten, stabilen Magnetit/Maghemit-Sol beträgt maximal 6 mT.0.5 mol of FeCl 2 x 4 H 2 0 and 1 mol of FeCl 3 x 6 H 2 0 are completely dissolved in 100 ml of water and concentrated ammonium hydroxide is added with stirring until a pH Value of 9 is reached. The black particles in the dispersion are separated magnetically and the supernatant solution is decanted off. The dispersion is then brought to pH 1-4 with half-concentrated HCl, the particles being reloaded. The process is repeated until the particles begin to redisperse. Then it is centrifuged (5000-10000 g) and the supernatant low-particle solution is decanted off. The residue is taken up again in HCl (3-10 N) and the whole process is repeated until an electrical conductivity of 20-500 μS / cm is reached at a pH of 4-5 or the residue is counteracted with HCl (3rd -10 N) dialyzed until these values are also reached. The saturation polarization of the stable magnetite / maghemite sol formed is a maximum of 6 mT.
Beispiel 2Example 2
0 , 5 Mol FeCl2 x 4 H20 und 1 Mol FeCl3 x 6 H20 werden in0.5 mol of FeCl 2 x 4 H 2 0 and 1 mol of FeCl 3 x 6 H 2 0 are added
100 ml Wasser vollständig gelöst und unter Rühren mit konzentriertem Ammoniumhydroxid versetzt bis ein pH- Wert von 9 erreicht wird. Die schwarzen Teilchen in der Dispersion werden magnetisch abgetrennt und die überstehende Lösung abdekantiert. Anschließend gibt man unter Rühren einige Milliliter Wasserstoffperoxid (30%ig) zu, wobei die Teilchen zu Maghemit oxidiert werden. Danach werden die Teilchen durch Zugabe von halbkonzentrierter HCl wie unter Beispiel 1 beschrieben behandelt . Die Sättigungspolarisation des gebildeten, stabilen Maghemit-Sol beträgt maximal 6 mT .100 ml of water completely dissolved and mixed with concentrated ammonium hydroxide until a pH of 9 is reached. The black particles in the dispersion are separated magnetically and the supernatant solution is decanted off. Then a few milliliters of hydrogen peroxide (30%) are added with stirring, the particles being oxidized to maghemite. The particles are then treated by adding semi-concentrated HCl as described in Example 1. The saturation polarization of the stable maghemite sol formed is a maximum of 6 mT.
Beispiel 3Example 3
Zu 100 ml des unter Beispiel 1 und 2 beschriebenenTo 100 ml of that described in Examples 1 and 2
Magnetit- und/oder Maghemit-Sols gibt man 6 g CM- Dextran (DS 0,4-2) gelöst in 20 ml Wasser und erwärmt die Mischung unter Rühren auf 40-80°C, vorrangig auf 50-60°C, für 30 min. Das dabei gebildete stabile Sol, bestehend aus mit CM-Dextran beschichteten Magnetit/Maghemit-Teilchen, wird anschließend durch Dialyse gegen Wasser gereinigt.Magnetite and / or maghemite sols are added 6 g CM- Dextran (DS 0.4-2) dissolved in 20 ml of water and heated the mixture with stirring to 40-80 ° C, primarily 50-60 ° C, for 30 min. The stable sol formed in the process, consisting of magnetite / maghemite particles coated with CM-dextran, is then purified by dialysis against water.
Beispiel 4Example 4
Zu einer Lösung aus 0,6 g CM-Dextran (DS 0,4-2) in 25 ml Wasser werden unter Rühren bei 70°C 13,1 ml einer 1 M Fe (III) -Chlorid-Lösung, in der 2,04 g FeCL2 x 4 H20 gelöst sind, langsam zugetropft. Danach wird das Reaktionsgemisch durch Zugabe von verdünnter NaOH (2N) auf pH 9-10 gebracht, anschließend mit verdünnter HCl (2N) neutralisiert und für 2 h bei 70°C gerührt, wobei der pH-Wert der Lösung durch weitere Zugabe von verdünnter NaOH oder HCl auf einem Wert von etwa 6,5- 7,5 gehalten wird. Nach Abkühlen des Reaktionsgemisches wird der unlösliche Anteil durch Zentrifugation entfernt und die erhaltene magnetische Flüssigkeit durch Dialyse gegen Wasser gereinigt.To a solution of 0.6 g CM-dextran (DS 0.4-2) in 25 ml water, 13.1 ml of a 1 M Fe (III) chloride solution in which 2, 04 g of FeCL 2 x 4 H 2 0 are dissolved, slowly added dropwise. The reaction mixture is then brought to pH 9-10 by adding dilute NaOH (2N), then neutralized with dilute HCl (2N) and stirred at 70 ° C. for 2 h, the pH of the solution being obtained by further adding dilute NaOH or HCl is maintained at about 6.5-7.5. After the reaction mixture has cooled, the insoluble fraction is removed by centrifugation and the magnetic liquid obtained is purified by dialysis against water.
Die Sättigungspolarisation der CM-Dextran beschichteten Nanoteilchen beträgt maximal 6 mT.The saturation polarization of the CM-dextran coated nanoparticles is a maximum of 6 mT.
Beispiel 5 Zu 100 ml des unter Beispiel 1 und 2 beschriebenen Magnetit- und/oder Maghemit-Sols gibt man 2 g Dimerkaptobernsteinsäure gelöst in 20 ml Wasser und erwärmt die Mischung unter Rühren auf 70°C für 30 min. Das dabei gebildete stabile Sol, bestehend aus mit Dimerkaptobernsteinsäure beschichteten Magnetit/Maghemit-Teilchen, wird anschließend durch Dialyse gegen Wasser gereinigt . Die Sättigungspolarisation beträgt 1-8 mT, vorrangig 3-6 mT . Beispiel 6Example 5 2 g of dimercaptosuccinic acid dissolved in 20 ml of water are added to 100 ml of the magnetite and / or maghemite sol described in Examples 1 and 2 and the mixture is heated to 70 ° C. with stirring for 30 min. The stable sol formed in the process, consisting of magnetite / maghemite particles coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid, is then purified by dialysis against water. The saturation polarization is 1-8 mT, primarily 3-6 mT. Example 6
Zu 100 ml des unter Beispiel 1 und 2 beschriebenen Magnetit- und/oder Maghemit-Sols gibt man 6 g bovines Albumin gelöst in 100 ml Wasser und erwärmt die Mischung unter Rühren auf 70°C, für 30 min. Das dabei gebildete stabile Sol, bestehend aus mit Albumin beschichteten Magnetit/Maghemit-Teilchen, wird anschließend durch Dialyse gegen Wasser gereinigt.6 g of bovine albumin dissolved in 100 ml of water are added to 100 ml of the magnetite and / or maghemite sol described in Examples 1 and 2 and the mixture is heated with stirring to 70 ° C. for 30 min. The stable sol thus formed, consisting of magnetite / maghemite particles coated with albumin, is then purified by dialysis against water.
Beispiel 7 100 ml der nach Beispiel 1 oder 2 hergestellten Dispersion werden in einer alkalischen Lösung, die 7g N-Oleoylsarkosin (Korantin SH von BASF) enthält, vermischt und 30 Minuten bei 50-80°C, vorrangig bei 65°C, gerührt. Die Teilchen agglomerieren nach dem Vermischen, stabilisieren sich aber wieder, wenn der pH-Wert im Alkalischen, vorrangig zwischen 8 und 9, gehalten wird. Die Teilchen fallen im Sauren aus, redispergieren aber wieder im Alkalischen.Example 7 100 ml of the dispersion prepared according to Example 1 or 2 are mixed in an alkaline solution which contains 7 g of N-oleoylsarcosine (Korantin SH from BASF) and stirred for 30 minutes at 50-80 ° C., primarily at 65 ° C. The particles agglomerate after mixing, but stabilize again when the pH in alkaline is maintained, primarily between 8 and 9. The particles precipitate out in acid but redisperse again in alkaline.
Beispiel 8Example 8
Zu 1 mg Bernsteinsäure gelöst in 10 ml Wasser gibt man unter Rühren die aquimolare Menge eines wasserlöslichen Carbodiimids (N-Ethyl-N* - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbo- diimid-hydrochlorid) und läßt für 30 min bei 5-10°C rühren. Anschließend werden 10 μg eines amino- funktionalisierten Oligonukleotids (5'-H2N- ACTGGCCGCTGAAGGGCTTCTGCGTCTCCA-OH-31) gelöst in 50 μl Phosphat-Puffer (pH 7,0) zugegeben und das Gemisch für 24 h bei 5-10°C gehalten. Zur Abtrennung der Nebenprodukte und nicht umgesetzter Ausgangstoffe wird gegen Wasser dialysiert und das Reaktionsprodukt lyophilisiert . Beispiel 9To 1 mg of succinic acid dissolved in 10 ml of water is added with stirring the equimolar amount of a water-soluble carbodiimide (N-ethyl-N * - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodimide hydrochloride) and the mixture is stirred at 5-10 ° C. for 30 min , Subsequently, 10 μg of an amino-functionalized oligonucleotide (5'-H 2 N-ACTGGCCGCTGAAGGGCTTCTGCGTCTCCA-OH-3 1 ) dissolved in 50 μl phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) are added and the mixture for 24 h at 5-10 ° C. held. To separate the by-products and unreacted starting materials, dialysis is carried out against water and the reaction product is lyophilized. Example 9
Zu 10 μg des nach Beispiel 8 funktionalisierten Oligonukleotids, gelöst in 100 μl Phosphat-Puffer (pH 7,0), gibt man unter Rühren 20 μg eines wasserlöslichen Carbodiimids (N-Ethyl-Nv- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbo- diimid-hydrochlorid) und hält für 30 min bei 5-10°C. Diese Lösung wird anschließend zu 200 mg Albumin, gelöst in 20 ml Phosphat-Puffer, gegeben und das Gemisch für 24 h bei 5-10°C gehalten. Zur Abtrennung der Nebenprodukte und nicht umgesetzter Ausgangstoffe wird gegen Wasser dialysiert und das erhaltene Reaktionsprodukt lyophilisiert .To 10 μg of the oligonucleotide functionalized according to Example 8, dissolved in 100 μl phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 20 μg of a water-soluble carbodiimide (N-ethyl-N v - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide) hydrochloride) and lasts for 30 min at 5-10 ° C. This solution is then added to 200 mg of albumin, dissolved in 20 ml of phosphate buffer, and the mixture is kept at 5-10 ° C. for 24 h. To remove the by-products and unreacted starting materials, dialysis is carried out against water and the reaction product obtained is lyophilized.
Beispiel 10Example 10
1 ml des unter Beispiel 1 und 2 beschriebenen Magnetit- und/oder Maghemit-Sols wird mit Wasser im Verhältnis 1:10 verdünnt und durch Zugabe von verdünnter NaOH auf pH 7 eingestellt. Anschließend gibt man 60 mg des nach 9 funktionalisierten Albumins, gelöst in 10 ml Phosphat-Puffer (pH 7,0), zu und erwärmt unter Rühren für etwa 30 min auf 40°C. Die dabei erhaltene magnetische Flüssigkeit wird anschließend zentrifugiert und die Lösung durch Dialyse gegen Wasser gereinigt.1 ml of the magnetite and / or maghemite sol described in Examples 1 and 2 is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and adjusted to pH 7 by adding dilute NaOH. Then 60 mg of the albumin functionalized according to 9, dissolved in 10 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), are added and the mixture is heated to 40 ° C. with stirring for about 30 min. The magnetic liquid obtained is then centrifuged and the solution is purified by dialysis against water.
Beispiel 11Example 11
Zu 10 μg des nach Beispiel 8 funktionalisierten Oligonukleotids, gelöst in 100 μl Phosphat-Puffer (pH 7,0), gibt man unter Rühren 20 μg eines wasserlöslichen Carbodiimids (N-Ethyl-N*- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbo- diimid-hydrochlorid) und hält für 30 min bei 5-10°C. Diese Lösung wird anschließend zu 10 ml der nach Beispiel 6 hergestellten und im Verhältnis 1:10 mit Wasser verdünnten magnetischen Flüssigkeit gegeben, für 24 h bei 5-10°C gehalten und danach durch Dialyse gegen Wasser gereinigt.To 10 μg of the oligonucleotide functionalized according to Example 8, dissolved in 100 μl of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 20 μg of a water-soluble carbodiimide (N-ethyl-N * - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide) hydrochloride) and lasts for 30 min at 5-10 ° C. This solution is then added to 10 ml of the magnetic liquid prepared according to Example 6 and diluted 1:10 with water for Maintained at 5-10 ° C for 24 h and then cleaned by dialysis against water.
Beispiel 12Example 12
1 ml der nach Beispiel 3 bzw. 4 hergestellten magnetischen Flüssigkeit wird mit Wasser im Verhältnis 1:10 verdünnt, mit 20 mg eines wasserlöslichen Carbodiimids (N-Ethyl-N - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbo- diimid-hydrochlorid) versetzt und für etwa 30 min bei 5-10°C gerührt. Danach werden 10 mg eines Peptids (H- Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-OH) zugegeben und das Gemisch für 24 h bei 5-10°C gehalten. Zur Abtrennung der Nebenprodukte und nicht umgesetzter Ausgangstoffe wird gegen Wasser dialysiert .1 ml of the magnetic liquid prepared according to Example 3 or 4 is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10, mixed with 20 mg of a water-soluble carbodiimide (N-ethyl-N - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride) and for about Stirred at 5-10 ° C for 30 min. Then 10 mg of a peptide (H-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-OH) are added and the mixture is kept at 5-10 ° C. for 24 h. To separate the by-products and unreacted starting materials, dialysis is carried out against water.
Beispiel 13Example 13
Zu 10 ml der nach Beispiel 12 beschriebenen Lösung gibt man 20 mg eines wasserlöslichen Carbodiimids (N-Ethyl- N'- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimid-hydrochlorid) , läßt für 30 min bei 5-10°C rühren und versetzt mit 10 μg eines aminofunktionalisierten Oligonukleotids (siehe Beispiel 7) gelöst in 50 μl Phosphat-Puffer (pH 7,0) . Das Gemisch wird dann für 24 h bei 5-10°C gehalten und anschließend gegen Wasser dialysiert. 20 mg of a water-soluble carbodiimide (N-ethyl-N'- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride) are added to 10 ml of the solution described in Example 12, the mixture is stirred at 5-10 ° C. for 30 min and 10 μg are added an amino-functionalized oligonucleotide (see Example 7) dissolved in 50 μl phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The mixture is then kept at 5-10 ° C. for 24 h and then dialyzed against water.

Claims

Patentansprücheclaims
1. Magnetische Nanoteilchen mit biochemischer Wirksamkeit, bestehend aus einem magnetischen Kernteilchen und einer am Kernteüchen fixierten1. Magnetic nanoparticles with biochemical activity, consisting of a magnetic core particle and one fixed to the core particles
Hüllschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die magnetischen Nanoteilchen eine Verbindung der allgemeinenCoating layer, characterized in that the magnetic nanoparticles are a compound of the general
Formelformula
M - S - L (I)M - S - L (I)
enthalten, wobei die Verknüpfungsstellen zwischen S und L und L undincluded, the links between S and L and L and
Z kovalent gebundene funktionelle Gruppen aufweisen und wobeiZ have covalently bonded functional groups and wherein
M das magnetische Kernteüchen, S ein an M fixiertes, biokompatibles Substrat,M the magnetic core particle, S a biocompatible substrate fixed to M,
L eine Linker-Gruppierung ist und Z eine Gruppierung, bestehend aus Nukleinsäuren, Peptiden und/oder Proteinen oder deren Derivate, die mindestens eine Struktur aufweist, die spezifisch mit einerL is a linker grouping and Z is a grouping consisting of nucleic acids, peptides and / or proteins or their derivatives, which has at least one structure that is specific to one
Bindungsdomäne eines intrazellulären Biomakromoleküls zur Bindung befähigt ist, ist .Binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule is capable of binding.
Magnetische Nanoteilchen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kernteilchen aus Magnetit, Maghemit, Ferriten der allgemeinen Formel MeOxFe203 , wobei Me ein zweiwertiges Metall, wie Cobalt, Mangan oder Eisen ist, oder aus Cobalt, Eisen, Nickel, Eisencarbid oder Eisennitrid bestehen.Magnetic nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that the core particles of magnetite, maghemite, ferrites of the general formula MeO x Fe 2 0 3 , where Me is a is divalent metal, such as cobalt, manganese or iron, or consist of cobalt, iron, nickel, iron carbide or iron nitride.
3. Magnetische Nanoteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Größe der Kernteüchen 2-100 nm beträgt.3. Magnetic nanoparticles according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the size of the core particles is 2-100 nm.
4. Magnetische Nanoteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das biokompatible Substrat S eine Verbindung wie Poly- bzw. Oligosaccharide oder deren Derivate wie4. Magnetic nanoparticles according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the biocompatible substrate S is a compound such as poly- or oligosaccharides or their derivatives such as
Dextran, Carboxymethyl-Dextran, Stärke, Dialdehyd-Dextran, carboxymethyl dextran, starch, dialdehyde
Stärke, Chitin, Alginate, Zellulose,Starch, chitin, alginates, cellulose,
Carboxymethyl-Zellulose ,Carboxymethyl cellulose,
Proteine oder deren Derivate wie Albumine, Peptide, synthetische Polymere wie Polyethylen- glykole, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyethylenimin,Proteins or their derivatives such as albumins, peptides, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine,
Polymethacrylate, bifunktionelle Carbonsäuren und deren Derivate wie die Merkaptobernsteinsäure oderPolymethacrylates, bifunctional carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as mercaptosuccinic acid or
Hydroxycarbonsäuren ist.Is hydroxycarboxylic acids.
5. Magnetische Nanoteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Linker-Gruppierung L durch Umsetzung einer5. Magnetic nanoparticles according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the linker group L by implementation of a
Verbindung wie Poly- und Dicarbonsäuren, Polyhydroxycarbonsäuren, Diamine, Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine, Lipide, Lipoproteine, Glykoproteine, Lektine, Oligosaccharide, Poly- saccharide, Oligonukleotide und deren alkylierteCompound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, poly- saccharides, oligonucleotides and their alkylated
Derivate und Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA, PNA) und deren alkylierte Derivate, entweder einzelsträngig oder doppelstrangig vorliegend, die mindestens zwei gleiche oder unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen enthält, entstanden ist.Derivatives and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contain at least two identical or different functional groups, have arisen.
6. Magnetische Nanoteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die funktionellen Gruppen Gruppierungen wie -CHO,6. Magnetic nanoparticles according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the functional groups are groupings such as -CHO,
-COOH, -NH2, -ΞH, -NCS, -NCO, -OH, -COOR wobei-COOH, -NH 2 , -ΞH, -NCS, -NCO, -OH, -COOR where
R Alkyl-, Acyl- oder Aryl-Reste sind undR are alkyl, acyl or aryl radicals and
sind.are.
7. Magnetische Nanoteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß7. Magnetic nanoparticles according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
S und M kovalent miteinander verbunden sind.S and M are covalently linked.
8. Magnetische Nanoteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen M und S eine elektrostatische Bindung ausgebildet ist. Dispersion, bestehend aus magnetischen Nanoteilchen gemäß Anspruch 1 und einer Trägerflüssigkeit .8. Magnetic nanoparticles according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an electrostatic bond is formed between M and S. Dispersion consisting of magnetic nanoparticles according to claim 1 and a carrier liquid.
10. Dispersion nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägerflüssigkeit polare und/oder nichtpolare Lösungsmittel enthält.10. Dispersion according to claim 9, characterized in that the carrier liquid contains polar and / or non-polar solvents.
11. Dispersion nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägerflüssigkeit Wasser und/oder ein mit11. Dispersion according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the carrier liquid is water and / or a
Wasser mischbares Lösungsmittel enthält.Contains water-miscible solvent.
12. Dispersion nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß physiologische Zusätze enthalten sind.12. Dispersion according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that physiological additives are included.
13. Biochemisch wirksame Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel13. Biochemically active compound of the general formula
S - L - Z (II) ,S - L - Z (II),
wobei die Verknupfungssteilen zwischen S und L und L undthe linking parts between S and L and L and
Z kovalent verbundene funktionelle Gruppen aufweisen und wobeiZ have covalently linked functional groups and wherein
S ein an M fixiertes, biokompatibles Substrat, L eine biokompatible Linker-Gruppierung und Z eine Gruppierung, bestehend aus Nuklein- säuren, Peptiden und/oder Proteinen oder deren Derivate, die mindestens eine Struktur aufweist, die spezifisch mit einer Bindungsdomäne eines intrazellulären Biomakromoleküls zur Bindung befähigt ist, ist .S a biocompatible substrate attached to M, L a biocompatible linker group and Z a group consisting of nucleic acids, peptides and / or proteins or whose derivatives have at least one structure which is specifically capable of binding with a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule.
14. Biochemisch wirksame Verbindung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das biokompatible Substrat S eine Verbindung wie Poly- bzw. Oligosaccharide oder deren Derivate wie14. Biochemically active compound according to claim 13, characterized in that the biocompatible substrate S is a compound such as poly- or oligosaccharides or their derivatives such as
Dextran, Carboxymethyl-Dextran, Stärke, Dialdehyd- Stärke, Chitin, Alginate, Zellulose, Carboxymethyl-Zellulose ,Dextran, carboxymethyl dextran, starch, dialdehyde starch, chitin, alginates, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,
Proteine oder deren Derivate wie Albumine, Peptide, synthetische Polymere wie Polyethylen- glykole, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyethylenimin, Polymethacrylate , bifunktionelle Carbonsäuren und deren Derivate wie die Merkaptobernsteinsäure oder Hydroxycarbonsäuren ist .Proteins or their derivatives such as albumins, peptides, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polymethacrylates, bifunctional carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as mercaptosuccinic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acids.
15. Biochemisch wirksame Verbindung nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Linker-Gruppierung L durch Umsetzung einer15. Biochemically active compound according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the linker group L by implementation of a
Verbindung wie Dicarbonsäuren, Diamine, Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine, Lipide, Lipo- proteine, Glykoproteine, Lektine, Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Oligonukleotide und deren alkylierte Derivate und Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA,Compound such as dicarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA,
PNA) und deren alkylierte Derivate, entweder einzelsträngig oder doppelstrangig vorliegend, die mindestens zwei gleiche oder unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen enthält, entstanden ist. PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contains at least two identical or different functional groups.
16. Biochemisch wirksame Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die funktionellen Gruppen Gruppierungen wie -CHO,16. Biochemically active compound according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the functional groups are groups such as -CHO,
-COOH, -NH2, -SH, -NCS, -NCO, -OH, -COOR und wobei R Alkyl-, Acyl- oder Aryl-Reste sind und-COOH, -NH 2 , -SH, -NCS, -NCO, -OH, -COOR and where R is alkyl, acyl or aryl radicals and
CO.CO.
- CO )"- CO) "
sind.are.
17. Verfahren zur Herstellung von magnetischen Nanoteilchen gemäß Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrens- schritte a. Herstellung der magnetischen Kernteüchen auf an sich bekannte Weise, b. Umsetzen der magnetischen Kernteüchen mit der Verbindung S - L - Z (II) zur Verbindung M - S - L - Z (I) .17. A method for producing magnetic nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized by the following method steps a. Production of the magnetic core particles in a manner known per se, b. Implementation of the magnetic core particles with the connection S - L - Z (II) to the connection M - S - L - Z (I).
18. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrens - schritte a. Herstellung der magnetischen Kernteüchen auf an sich bekannte Weise, b. Umsetzen der magnetischen Kernteüchen mit dem biokompatiblen Substrat S und c. Umsetzen der entstandenen Verbindung M - S mit einer Verbindung L - Z, wobei zur Herstellung von L - Z eine Verbindung wie Poly- und Dicarbonsäuren, Polyhydroxy- carbonsäuren, Diamine, Aminosäuren, Peptide,18. A process for the preparation of the compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, characterized by the following process steps a. Production of the magnetic core particles in a manner known per se, b. Implementation of the magnetic core particles with the biocompatible substrate S and c. Reacting the resulting compound M - S with a compound L - Z, with a compound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides,
Proteine, Lipide, Lipoproteine, Glykoproteine, Lektine, Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Oligonukleotide und deren alkylierte Derivate und Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA, PNA) und deren alkylierte Derivate, entweder einzelsträngig oder doppelstrangig vorliegend, die mindestens zwei gleiche oder unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen enthält, mit Nukleinsäuren, Peptiden und/oderProteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contain at least two identical or different functional groups Nucleic acids, peptides and / or
Proteinen bzw. deren Derivate, die mindestens eine funktionelle Gruppe aufweisen und die mindestens eine Struktur enthalten, die spezifisch mit einer Bindungsdomäne eines intrazellulären Biomakromoleküls zur Bindung befähigt ist, umgesetzt werden.Proteins or their derivatives which have at least one functional group and which contain at least one structure which is specifically capable of binding with a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule are reacted.
19. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrens- schritte a. Herstellung der magnetischen Kernteilchen auf an sich bekannte Weise, b. Umsetzen der magnetischen Kernteilchen mit dem biokompatiblen Substrat S, c. Umsetzen der entstandenen Verbindung M - S mit Verbindungen wie Poly- und Dicarbon- säuren, Polyhydroxycarbonsäuren, Diamine,19. A process for the preparation of the compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, characterized by the following process steps a. Production of the magnetic core particles in a manner known per se, b. Reacting the magnetic core particles with the biocompatible substrate S, c. Implementation of the resulting connection M - S with connections such as poly and dicarbon acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines,
Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine, Lipide, Lipoproteine, Glykoproteine, Lektine, Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide,Amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides,
Oligonukleotide und deren alkylierte Derivate und Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA, PNA) und deren alkylierte Derivate, entweder einzelsträngig oder doppelstrangig vorliegend, die mindestens zwei gleiche oder unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen enthält, und d. Umsetzen der entstandenen VerbindungOligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contains at least two identical or different functional groups, and d. Implement the connection created
M - S - L mit Nukleinsäuren, Peptiden und/oder Proteinen bzw. deren Derivate, die mindestens eine funktionelle Gruppe aufweisen und die mindestens eine Struktur enthalten, die spezifisch mit einer Bindungsdomäne eines intrazellulären Biomakromoleküls zur Bindung befähigt ist .M-S-L with nucleic acids, peptides and / or proteins or their derivatives which have at least one functional group and which contain at least one structure which is specifically capable of binding with a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule.
20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungen S, L und Z über funktionelle Gruppen wie -CHO, -COOH, -NH2, -SH, -NCS, -NCO, -20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the compounds S, L and Z via functional groups such as -CHO, -COOH, -NH 2 , -SH, -NCS, -NCO, -
OH, -COOR und wobei R Alkyl-, Acyl- oder Aryl-Reste sind undOH, -COOR and where R is alkyl, acyl or aryl radicals and
verknüpft werden. be linked.
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung der biochemisch wirksamen Verbindung gemäß Anspruch 13, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrens- schritte a. Herstellung der Verbindung L - Z, b. Umsetzen von L - Z mit dem biokompatiblen Substrat S wobei zur Herstellung von L - Z eine Verbindung wie Poly- und Dicarbonsäuren, Polyhydroxy- carbonsäuren, Diamine, Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine, Lipide, Lipoproteine, Glyko- proteine, Lektine, Oligosaccharide, Poly- saccharide, Oligonukleotide und deren alkylierte Derivate und Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA, PNA) und deren alkylierte Derivate, entweder einzelsträngig oder doppelstrangig vorliegend, die mindestens zwei gleiche oder unterschiedliche funktionelle Gruppen enthält, mit Nukleinsäuren, Peptiden und/oder Proteinen bzw. deren Derivate, die mindestens eine funktionelle Gruppe aufweisen und die mindestens eine Struktur enthalten, die spezifisch mit einer Bindungsdomäne eines intrazellulären Biomakromoleküls zur Bindung befähigt ist, umgesetzt werden. 1. A process for the preparation of the biochemically active compound according to claim 13, characterized by the following process steps a. Preparation of the connection L - Z, b. Reacting L - Z with the biocompatible substrate S whereby a compound such as poly- and dicarboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, diamines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, lectins, oligosaccharides, poly - Saccharide, oligonucleotides and their alkylated derivatives and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, PNA) and their alkylated derivatives, either single-stranded or double-stranded, which contains at least two identical or different functional groups, with nucleic acids, peptides and / or proteins or their derivatives which have at least one functional group and which contain at least one structure which is specifically capable of binding with a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule.
22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungen S, L und Z über funktionelle Gruppen wie -CHO, -COOH, -NH2, -SH, -NCS, -NCO, - OH, -COOR und wobei22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the compounds S, L and Z via functional groups such as -CHO, -COOH, -NH 2 , -SH, -NCS, -NCO, - OH, -COOR and wherein
R Alkyl-, Acyl- oder Aryl-Reste sind undR are alkyl, acyl or aryl radicals and
CO. /CO. /
- )-)
verknüpft werden .be linked.
23. Verwendung der magnetischen Nanoteilchen gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Separation von Zellen.23. Use of the magnetic nanoparticles according to claim 1 for the separation of cells.
24. Verwendung der magnetischen Nanoteilchen gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Separation von malignen Zellen.24. Use of the magnetic nanoparticles according to claim 1 for the separation of malignant cells.
25. Verwendung der magnetischen Nanoteilchen gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Separation von intrazellulären Biomakromolekülen. 25. Use of the magnetic nanoparticles according to claim 1 for the separation of intracellular biomacromolecules.
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