EP1211668A1 - Reflecteur sonore actif - Google Patents
Reflecteur sonore actif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1211668A1 EP1211668A1 EP01380005A EP01380005A EP1211668A1 EP 1211668 A1 EP1211668 A1 EP 1211668A1 EP 01380005 A EP01380005 A EP 01380005A EP 01380005 A EP01380005 A EP 01380005A EP 1211668 A1 EP1211668 A1 EP 1211668A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- several
- outputs
- control circuit
- speakers
- sound
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/08—Arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound
- G10K15/10—Arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound using time-delay networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to active correction of the acoustics of performance halls, auditoriums, auditoriums conferences and amphitheatres, etc.
- the idea of the reflector active sound derives from that of traditional (passive) louvers, sort of reflector usually placed above the proscenium to return towards the audience of the sound energy coming from the scene. This "early” energy, arriving soon after the “sound direct "(sound propagating directly from the source to listeners), reinforces intelligibility and clarity messages perceived by listeners.
- active sound reflectors are placed on the sides of a room, the reinforcement of early energy also results in a pleasant feeling of enlargement of the source on scene.
- louvers liabilities Through the use of techniques of electroacoustics (microphones, filters, amplifiers, active speakers) have a significantly higher efficiency than louvers liabilities. Their dimensions can be much more and their behavior (e.g. intensity with which they reflect the sound) can be adjusted by the user according to the requirements of each type of show. A set of active sound reflectors will also increase the reverberation of the room in which they are placed, with or without the help of filters electronic reverberators.
- Active sound reflectors are radically different of sound in that they basically operate a modification of the acoustics of the room, rather than a massive diffusion of sound energy. So in a room equipped with a set of active sound reflectors well settled, the listener has the impression of natural acoustics not amplified.
- All these systems consist of a number of microphones associated with loudspeakers via a multichannel electronic amplification and filtering chain. These are looped systems since the signals picked up by the microphones are sent to the speakers, whose acoustic radiation is picked up by these same microphones.
- the microphones are distributed in the room and / or near the stage, and the loudspeakers distributed in the room (and sometimes also on the stage). However, in these systems the sound picked up by a microphone is sent by the electronic chain to a speaker located far from this microphone.
- the significant energy of the direct acoustic wave propagating from the loudspeaker towards the microphone would impose a very low electronic amplification gain so that the looped system does not become unstable (Larsen effect), thereby compromising the efficiency of the system.
- the Carmen system (CSTB-France) uses the concept of "proximity reaction”.
- the signal from a microphone is sent ( via an electronic chain) to a speaker located near the microphone, and the energy of the direct acoustic wave speaker ⁇ microphone is limited by a principle acoustic decoupling: the directivities and positions of the microphone and the associated loudspeaker are chosen so that the microphone picks up little direct energy from the loudspeaker.
- proximity reaction when the distance between the microphone and the associated loudspeaker is small compared to the typical propagation distances in rooms, but all the same greater than the shortest wavelengths considered (a few centimeters at very high frequencies). Although this definition is not explicitly mentioned in the patent application FR 2 449 318, it can be considered that it is implicit in the concept of sound reflection mentioned therein.
- local reaction when the distance between microphone and loudspeaker is less than the shortest wavelengths considered, we speak of "local reaction”, as is the case in active impedance control applications such as for example that described in: X Meynial, Active Materials for applications in room acoustics , 3rd ICIM / ECSSM '96, Lyon '96, 968-973. In the case of the active sound reflector, said distance is typically of the order of 20 cm to 2 m.
- Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the sound reflector active.
- the microphone (1) is connected to the input of a preamplifier (2) whose output is connected to a circuit control (3).
- the control circuit output signal (3) is amplified by a power amplifier (4) charged by a loudspeaker (5).
- the microphone (1) and the speaker (5) are subject to a screen (6).
- the distance from the microphone (1) of the speaker (5) is around 20cm at 2m typically.
- the active sound reflector may include several microphones (1) and several preamplifiers (2), and several speakers (5) and several amplifiers Power 4).
- the active sound reflector is characterized by the average distance between all pairs (speaker - microphone) of the reflector; this distance being between 20cm and 2m.
- the functioning of each active reflector is independent insofar as it does not receive electrical signals from other active reflectors.
- the device according to the invention corresponds to the description above and is characterized by the functions performed by the control circuit (3). It can be decoupling electronics between speakers (5) and microphones (1), directional filtering, and reverberator. These functions will be explained below.
- the microphones (1) can more generally be sound sensors, but we will keep the name of microphone in the suite.
- the designation "function of transfer ” indicates in the following a function of the frequency, although the variable is not mentioned for do not weigh down the explanations.
- the active sound reflector can only work if you limits the acoustic coupling between the speakers (5) and microphones (1), otherwise the system would become unstable (Larsen effect) even at low gain values of the amplification chain (2,3,4).
- acoustic decoupling There are two ways to limit the acoustic coupling ways: acoustic decoupling, and electronic decoupling.
- acoustic decoupling We use one or the other, or a combination of two in the active sound reflector.
- the final decoupling must be such that the energy of the direct sound speaker (5) ⁇ microphone (1) is less than the energy reflected by the room coming from the loudspeaker (5), and received by the microphone (1). It is on this condition that a set of some active sound reflectors will be able to reflect on the audience of sound waves whose amplitude is comparable to that of the direct wave reaching the listeners coming from the stage.
- Acoustic decoupling consists of playing on the directivity characteristics of the loudspeaker (5) and / or the microphone (1) and on the symmetry of the device, so that the direct sound picked up by the microphone from the speaker either of low amplitude.
- a certain number of combinations are possible, such as those illustrated in figure 2 which use either a microphone bidirectional (Figure 2a), i.e. a microphone omnidirectional (Figure 2b), i.e. a cardioid microphone (Figure 2c).
- the reflector is seen from the front in FIG. 2a, and in section in FIGS. 2b and 2c.
- the dotted arrow represents the direction of the maximum microphone sensitivity.
- the electronic decoupling possibly completes the acoustic decoupling to attenuate the influence of the sound reflections coming from obstacles located near the active reflector, diffracted waves on the edge of the screen (6) , or waves reflected by other neighboring active sound reflectors.
- Electronic decoupling consists in attenuating the electrical signal delivered by the microphone (1) coming from the loudspeaker (5) using an echo canceller filter (7) included in the control circuit (3), and as shown in figure 3.
- the transfer function K can either be measured beforehand by applying a test signal to the input of the power amplifier (4), or estimated continuously during the operation of the reflector according to adaptive techniques well known in public address or telephony. .
- the echo canceller (7) cancels the most energetic part of the loudspeaker (5) ⁇ microphone (1) response, ie the start of the corresponding impulse response (typically the first milliseconds).
- the transfer function G in FIG. 3 determines the characteristics of the sound reflected by the active reflector.
- the use of several loudspeakers (5) excited by delayed signals and adequately filtered by the control circuit (3) can make it possible to control the directivity diagram (i.e. the sound level emitted as a function of the direction considered) of the loudspeaker network (5), according to the well-known antenna principles.
- This elementary principle easily extends to a two-dimensional network. We can then define the “emission direction” of the network as the angular direction corresponding to the maximum of energy emitted.
- the device according to the invention provided with several speakers (5) makes it possible to generate several reflections each characterized by a delay, an attenuation, and a direction of emission.
- FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of the invention consisting of a device using a microphone (1), a network of speakers (5), and a number n of reverberators (9) whose output signals are assigned to as many emission directions, thanks to a “directional matrix” (10).
- the electronic decoupling corresponding to the transmission direction i is ensured by the echo canceller filter (7) of transfer function X i .
- the filtering carried out by the directional matrix (10) can still be varied slowly so as to change over time the direction of emission assigned to each reverberator, which will make it possible to improve the stability of the system and reduce the coloration linked acoustic feedback from the speakers (5) to the microphones (1).
- An effective implementation of this principle consists in carrying out a slow rotation of the assignments of the outputs of the reverberators towards the directions of emission.
- the network of loudspeakers (5) can take various forms, such as for example the flat network or the linear network. A particularly advantageous combination is obtained with a vertical linear array of speakers (5) and a bidirectional microphone (1) whose membrane is located in a plane containing the speakers (5), thus ensuring excellent acoustic decoupling according to the principle of Figure 2a.
- a simplified version of the device consists in removing the directional matrix (10), and assigning the output of each reverberator (9) directly to one or more speakers of the network (5).
- the fact of using several loudspeakers (5) makes it possible to distribute the sound energy emitted by the reflector over a larger surface, and by this same to avoid that a listener is not bothered by too high a density of sound energy coming from a single speaker (5). If we remove the reverberators (9), we keep this last advantage, but we lose the benefit of them for the increase in the reverberation time of the room.
- the reflector will however always tend to increase the reverberation by simple acoustic looping from the speakers (5) to the microphone (1) via the room.
- FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the device according to the invention. Similar to the above, the use of a network of microphones (1) and a directional matrix (10) placed between the microphone preamplifiers (2) and the reverberators (9) makes it possible to pick up the incident waves according to several directivity diagrams (we will speak of "sensor channels"). each of these sensor channels being assigned to a separate reverberator (9). The echo cancellation filter has been omitted for clarity.
- the outputs of the reverberators (9) are sent to a summator (10), the output of which excites the loudspeaker (5) via the power amplifier (4).
- the open loop transfer function of the system is of the same form as that given in the previous paragraph, and therefore has the same advantages in terms of reinforcement of the reverberation.
- a simplified implementation of the device consists in eliminating the directional matrix (10) and in assigning the output of each microphone (1) directly to one or more reverberators (9). The directivity of the capture is then determined by the directivity of each microphone (1).
- there is no directional matrix of capture because the directivities of two capture channels simply result from the directivity of the microphones (1).
- the control circuit (3) provides various filtering functions, such as gain control, equalization (frequency correction). , the compression of the signal dynamics to limit the maximum amplitude of the signals sent to the loudspeaker (5) via the power amplifier (4), or even a filtering varying in time (slow modulation of the phase or of the signal delay, or more complex modulation) which possibly makes it possible to further increase the gain threshold of the control circuit corresponding to instability (Larsen effect).
- Most of the filtering operations of the control circuit (3) are carried out by one or more digital signal processors (DSP).
- DSP digital signal processors
- All of the electronics ⁇ preamplifier (2), circuit control (3). power amplifier (4) ⁇ can be physically integrated in the reflector, for example on the back of the screen (6), or remote.
- the preamplifiers (2) can possibly supplying power for microphones (1), especially if these are of the electrostatic. They can possibly be part of the same mechanical unit as the control circuit (3), everything like power amplifiers (4). Depending on the type of directionality desired for the speakers (5), these can be mounted in a closed or bass-reflex enclosure, or simply placed in a screen, or any other type of acoustic load.
- the microphones (1) are either placed on the screen, or deported (as is the case in Figure 2c) using a stick for example.
- the screen (6) can be of various dimensions and shapes (rectangular, elliptical, or other), provided that decoupling is sufficient. If the speakers are mounted in a pregnant, the screen may be reduced to the front of the enclosure. It is not necessarily plan.
- each active reflector Although the operation of each active reflector is autonomous, several active sound reflectors will be often associated, as in the first four examples of use mentioned above. In this case control of control parameters is common to the whole associated sound reflectors, and transmitted by a network shared by these sound reflectors.
- the shape of the sound reflectors may be designed with a view to of the assembly of several of them, for example for form a large active reflector above the stage frame.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Renfort du son direct, grâce à des réflecteurs sonores actifs placés au dessus de l'avant scène, ou à proximité du cadre de scène.
- Conque de scène active. Amélioration de l'acoustique sur scène grâce à des réflecteurs sonores placés autour des musiciens.
- Augmentation de la durée de réverbération d'une salle grâce à un ensemble de réflecteurs sonores actifs.
- Création d'un effet de salle dans un spectacle en extérieur.
- Renforcement local du niveau sonore dans la salle, grâce à l'utilisation d'un ou plusieurs réflecteurs sonores actifs placés à proximité de la zone à renforcer.
L'utilisateur règle le comportement du réflecteur sonore actif en modifiant (à l'aide d'une télécommande) les paramètres de filtrage du circuit de contrôle (3).
Claims (13)
- Dispositif actif réfléchissant les ondes sonores et destiné à l'amélioration des conditions d'écoute dans les salles de spectacle et de congrès, théâtres et amphithéâtres, studios d'enregistrement etc, comprenant un ou plusieurs capteurs sonores (1) et leurs préamplificateurs (2), et un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs (5) et leurs amplificateurs de puissance (4), caractérisé en ce que la moyenne des distances entre capteur et haut-parleur pour tous les couples (capteur - haut-parleur) est comprise entre vingt centimètres et deux mètres, et en ce que les entrées des amplificateurs (4) sont reliées aux sorties des préamplificateurs (2) par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit électronique de contrôle (3) assurant notamment au moins une des fonctions suivantes :annulation d'écho réduisant le couplage acoustique entre les haut-parleurs (5) et les capteurs sonores (1),contrôle de la directivité de l'ensemble des capteurs sonores (1),contrôle de la directivité de l'ensemble des haut-parleurs (5),filtre réverbérateur.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comprenant un réseau de plusieurs haut-parleurs (5) et un circuit de contrôle (3) pourvu d'une entrée et de plusieurs sorties connectées aux haut-parleurs (5) par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs amplificateurs de puissance (4), caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de contrôle (3) permet à partir d'une onde captée par le ou les capteurs (1) d'émettre un nombre quelconque d'ondes selon plusieurs diagrammes de directivité du réseau de haut-parleurs (5), et éventuellement retardées et atténuées les unes par rapport aux autres.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comprenant un réseau de plusieurs capteurs sonores (1) et un circuit de contrôle (3) pourvu d'une sortie et de plusieurs entrées connectées aux capteurs (1) par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs préamplificateurs (2), caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de contrôle (3) permet une captation des ondes selon plusieurs diagrammes de directivités du réseau de capteurs correspondant chacun à une « voie capteur », et émettant un nombre quelconque d'ondes éventuellement retardées et atténuées les unes par rapport aux autres pour chaque onde captée par chaque voie capteur.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comprenant :un réseau de plusieurs capteurs sonores (1),un réseau de plusieurs haut-parleurs (5),et un circuit de contrôle (3) pourvu de plusieurs entrées connectées aux capteurs (1) par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs préamplificateurs (2), et plusieurs sorties connectées aux haut-parleurs (5) par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs amplificateurs de puissance (4),
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise plusieurs haut-parleurs (5) alignés verticalement et montés dans une enceinte de type colonne, un capteur sonore (1) consistant en un microphone bidirectionnel assujetti à l'enceinte colonne et placé de sorte que sa membrane décrive un plan contenant les haut-parleurs (5).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de contrôle (3) contient plusieurs filtres réverbérateurs excités par le même signal issu du préamplificateur (2), est pourvu d'autant de sorties qu'il y a de filtres réverbérants, chacune de ces sorties étant connectée à un amplificateur de puissance (4) chargé par un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs (5), l'affectation entre les sorties des réverbérateurs et les sorties du circuit de contrôle (3) pouvant éventuellement varier lentement au cours du temps.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de contrôle (3) contient plusieurs filtres réverbérateurs excités par le même signal issu du préamplificateur (2), et est pourvu d'autant de sorties qu'il y a de filtres réverbérants, chacune de ces sorties étant connectée à un amplificateur de puissance (4) chargé par un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs (5), l'affectation entre les sorties des réverbérateurs et les sorties du circuit de contrôle (3) pouvant éventuellement varier lentement au cours du temps.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de contrôle (3) contient plusieurs retards excités par le même signal issu du préamplificateur (2), est pourvu d'autant de sorties qu'il y a de retards, chacune de ces sorties étant connectée à un amplificateur de puissance (4) chargé par un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs (5), l'affectation entre les sorties des retards et les sorties du circuit de contrôle (3) pouvant éventuellement varier lentement au cours du temps.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que les caractéristiques des voies capteur et des voies de rayonnement, ainsi que les propriétés de la matrice de réverbérateurs peuvent éventuellement varier lentement dans le temps.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les voies capteurs ne sont constituées chacune que par le signal issu d'un capteur sonore ou d'un groupe de capteurs sonores (1) spécifique.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les voies de rayonnement ne sont constituées chacune que par un haut-parleur ou un groupe de haut-parleurs (1) spécifique.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les voies de rayonnement ne sont constituées chacune que par un haut-parleur ou un groupe de haut-parleurs (1) spécifique.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise un réseau plan de haut-parleurs (5) et deux capteurs sonores (1) consistant en deux microphones cardioïdes pointant dans deux directions symétriques par rapport à la normale au plan des haut-parleurs (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0015645 | 2000-12-04 | ||
FR0015645A FR2817648B1 (fr) | 2000-12-04 | 2000-12-04 | Reflecteur sonore actif |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1211668A1 true EP1211668A1 (fr) | 2002-06-05 |
Family
ID=8857180
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01380005A Withdrawn EP1211668A1 (fr) | 2000-12-04 | 2001-11-29 | Reflecteur sonore actif |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1211668A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2817648B1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2890480A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-09 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede et dispositif de correction active des proprietes acoustiques d'une zone d'ecoute d'un espace sonore |
WO2010115972A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Dispositif electroacoustique destine notamment a une salle de concert |
EP2983169A3 (fr) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-07-27 | The Boeing Company | Appareil et procédé pour métamatériau acoustique programmable et actif |
EP3806087A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-14 | Powersoft SpA | Dispositif d'amélioration acoustique pour produire une réverbération dans une pièce |
EP4078568A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-10-26 | Centre national de la recherche scientifique | Procede et dispositif de controle de la propagation des ondes acoustiques sur une paroi |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2040645A (en) * | 1979-02-13 | 1980-08-28 | Philips Nv | Sound reproducing arrangement for artifical reverberation |
JPS5612698A (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1981-02-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Echo attaching apparatus |
JPS62154899A (ja) * | 1985-12-26 | 1987-07-09 | Shimizu Constr Co Ltd | 能動音響反射装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-12-04 FR FR0015645A patent/FR2817648B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-29 EP EP01380005A patent/EP1211668A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2040645A (en) * | 1979-02-13 | 1980-08-28 | Philips Nv | Sound reproducing arrangement for artifical reverberation |
JPS5612698A (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1981-02-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Echo attaching apparatus |
JPS62154899A (ja) * | 1985-12-26 | 1987-07-09 | Shimizu Constr Co Ltd | 能動音響反射装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 390 (E - 567) 19 December 1987 (1987-12-19) * |
REN Z, MARTIN J: "Application de filtres adaptives en acoustique des salles pour la synthèse de réflexion", TRAITMENT DU SIGNAL, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, france, pages 93 - 101, XP003025034 * |
ZHEN REN AND JACQUES MARTIN: "Application de filtres adaptifs en acoustique des salles pour la synthèse de réflexion", TRAITEMENT DE SIGNAL, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pages 93 - 101, XP003025034 |
ZHEN REN: "Filtrage adaptif appliqué au controle actif de l'acoustique d'une salle", THESE - INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE, 30 March 1992 (1992-03-30), pages 1 - 158, XP003025035 |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2890480A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-09 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede et dispositif de correction active des proprietes acoustiques d'une zone d'ecoute d'un espace sonore |
WO2007028922A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-15 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procede et dispositif de correction active des proprietes acoustiques d'une zone d'ecoute d'un espace sonore |
US8059822B2 (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2011-11-15 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Method and device for actively correcting the acoustic properties of an acoustic space listening zone |
WO2010115972A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Dispositif electroacoustique destine notamment a une salle de concert |
FR2944375A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-15 | Ct Scient Tech Batiment Cstb | Dispositif electroacoustique destine notamment a une salle de concert |
FR2944374A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-15 | Ct Scient Tech Batiment Cstb | Dispositif electroacoustique destine notamment a une salle de concert |
CN102388625A (zh) * | 2009-04-09 | 2012-03-21 | 科学和技术中心 | 特别用于音乐厅的电声装置 |
US20120189128A1 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2012-07-26 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Electroacoustic device, in particular for a concert hall |
EP2983169A3 (fr) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-07-27 | The Boeing Company | Appareil et procédé pour métamatériau acoustique programmable et actif |
US9525944B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 | 2016-12-20 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method for an active and programmable acoustic metamaterial |
EP3806087A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-14 | Powersoft SpA | Dispositif d'amélioration acoustique pour produire une réverbération dans une pièce |
EP4078568A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-10-26 | Centre national de la recherche scientifique | Procede et dispositif de controle de la propagation des ondes acoustiques sur une paroi |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2817648A1 (fr) | 2002-06-07 |
FR2817648B1 (fr) | 2005-02-18 |
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