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EP1298409B1 - A system for launching a war head with a trajectory correction device for neutralisation of mines - Google Patents

A system for launching a war head with a trajectory correction device for neutralisation of mines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1298409B1
EP1298409B1 EP02017902A EP02017902A EP1298409B1 EP 1298409 B1 EP1298409 B1 EP 1298409B1 EP 02017902 A EP02017902 A EP 02017902A EP 02017902 A EP02017902 A EP 02017902A EP 1298409 B1 EP1298409 B1 EP 1298409B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
warhead
laser
mine
mines
motors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP02017902A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1298409A1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Dr. Grosch
Axel Kaspari
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Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
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Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
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Publication of EP1298409A1 publication Critical patent/EP1298409A1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/12Means for clearing land minefields; Systems specially adapted for detection of landmines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41BWEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B7/00Spring guns
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41GWEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/12Aiming or laying means with means for compensating for muzzle velocity or powder temperature with means for compensating for gun vibrations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41GWEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/30Command link guidance systems
    • F41G7/301Details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/60Steering arrangements
    • F42B10/66Steering by varying intensity or direction of thrust
    • F42B10/661Steering by varying intensity or direction of thrust using several transversally acting rocket motors, each motor containing an individual propellant charge, e.g. solid charge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for a shipment of a warhead in a target area according to the features indicated in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Methods of making the mine so manageable that it can be picked up and blown up in a safe place are to apply it a quick-setting foam to secure the igniter or by cooling with liquid helium to block the trigger mechanism.
  • a neutralization of a mine from a safe distance with shelling can lead to damage to the mine, which then no longer permits the approach of a deminerator.
  • the shelling of buried mines is basically out of the question. Even if the mine position is optically marked, the bombardment angle of a vehicle is so unfavorable that in many cases the penetration length in the earth region is too great.
  • the system is designed to allow soldiers with armored vehicles to evacuate recognized mines that are overt or covertly laid;
  • the system must allow the safe neutralization of mines from a distance of 10 - 50 m from the vehicle;
  • the neutralization must be done with high reliability (greater than 95%). It is desirable that the mine does not trigger by the neutralization process;
  • mines All types of mines (smart mines, dump mines, AT mines, AP mines, off-route mines adw, open or buried under the earth's surface) must be neutralized;
  • the system must be designed as a retrofit kit for vehicles and must not affect the vehicle's signature.
  • the vehicle must be in its original state after dismantling the set-up kit;
  • the system must have a high degree of automation in order to relieve the crew of the operation to a great extent;
  • the system must be able to operate on mines or markers visually recognized by the crew, as well as on positions known only by their coordinates;
  • the system should be able to precisely combat enemy positions in the near range so that secondary effects are largely avoided;
  • the system should be usable under all weather and climatic conditions.
  • the basic idea of the method according to the invention is to ignite a fragmentation warhead precisely above the visible mine or, if the mine is not visible below the surface of the earth, above its position, which is either optically marked and / or known as a coordinate.
  • the triggering of the fragmentation warhead causes each mine to be destroyed up to 30 cm below the earth's surface by the action of splinters.
  • the splinter charge contains a splitter density of approx. 0.2 splitter / cm 2 .
  • the fragmentation warhead reaches this fragment density in a circular area of about one meter in diameter.
  • the mine to be destroyed must therefore be within this circle.
  • the mechanism of neutralization is based on mechanically destroying mines by the action of splinters so that they are no longer dangerous.
  • the advantage of this method is that regardless of the size, the design, the ignition mechanism and the laying method (on or below the earth's surface) of the mine is given a high neutralization probability (even against smart mines).
  • the combination of a high-precision mechanical throwing system and a trajectory correction device ensures that the fragmentation warhead precisely above the mine position to effect and thus a high splinter density can be achieved.
  • the trajectory correction by microreaction engines is based on a proven technique that allows extremely simple implementations. With only three microreaction engines on the perimeter of the projectile, a trajectory correction can be achieved once, which brings about the decisive improvement in accuracy.
  • the timing for neutralization is minimal. After detecting the mine position, the neutralization takes place after approx. 10 seconds.
  • the throwing system is perfectly suited for a device-technical realization as a set-up kit.
  • the modules to be adapted only insignificantly change the signature of the vehicle.
  • the throwing system according to the invention makes it possible to realize a set-up kit consisting of the partial areas of throwing system 20 with straightening device 21, laser illuminator 7 and fragmentation warhead 3.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the throwing system 20 with straightening device 21 for precise shipment of the fragmentation warhead 3.
  • the straightening device 21 allows alignment of the throwing system 20 in azimuth 22 in a range of about 0 to 180 degrees and elevation 23 in a range of approx 60 to 80 degrees.
  • a transport position with 0 degrees is provided.
  • the throwing system 20 can preferably be designed as a spring-throw system, which enables significantly lower scattering of the nominal trajectory compared to pyrotechnic transfer mechanisms.
  • the principle is to stretch springs 1 by means of electric motors 2 so far that upon release of the springs 1, the fragmentation warhead 3 a precisely Preselected initial speed.
  • the force / path profile of the springs 1, which corresponds to this energy can be measured to control the clamping operation by electric motors 2 precisely via force elements or current sensors 4 in the power supply of the electric motors 2. This also influences by temperature and fatigue in the springs 2 can be largely compensated. Since a gas-tight leadership of the fragmentation warhead 3 deleted, the fragmentation warhead 3 z. B. in a cup 5, which is accelerated by the springs 1 via a play-free roller guide 6, are ejected with low Abgang scattering.
  • the laser illuminator 7 shown in FIG. 3 can emit two laser beams 8, 9 independently of one another in freely positionable azimuth and elevation, wherein the laser illuminator 7 is positioned on a vehicle 19.
  • the first laser beam 8 is used to illuminate a mine 10 or a surface position under which the mine 10 is located.
  • the laser beam 8 can be guided by the vehicle crew by manually directing a target mark on the detected mine 10 or be automatically directed via a control unit, not shown. For this automatic control then the exact position of the mine and the exact position and direction of the vehicle 19 are required.
  • the second laser beam 9 has the shape of a fan. Elevation and azimuth angles are automatically determined with respect to the spatial position of the illumination laser beam 8.
  • the azimuth angle of the center line of the fan corresponds to the azimuth angle of the illumination laser 8
  • the elevation angle is greater than the elevation angle of the illumination laser 8 by such a value, so that the beam fan 9 at a preselectable distance 28, which is for example 2 - 4 m, above the illumination position 29 of the mine 10 runs.
  • This laser beam 9 is coded.
  • the fragmentation warhead 3 consists of the following components: A warhead body 11, a fragmentation charge 12, a arranged on the front side of the fragmentation warhead 3 laser position detector 13, which determines the position of the laser light spot 29 of the illumination laser 8, a laser detector 14 with decoder for Detection of the coded laser fan 9, three micro reaction engines 15 with ignition device, which are mounted offset at the periphery of the warhead by 120 degrees, and a control and evaluation unit 16, which causes the control of the laser position detector 13, the laser detector 14, the micro reaction engines 15, as well as the ignition of the warhead.
  • the throwing system works as follows:
  • the electronics and ignition device of the warhead 3 is activated by the throwing process. Approximately 3 m above the ground 24, the warhead 3 dives through the laser fan 9. This event is detected by the laser detector 14 with decoder. Thereby, the laser position detector 13 is turned on at the front side of the warhead 3, which measures the direction of the impact point 25 to the illumination point 29 of the mine 10. The direction is only determined as a sector. The number of sectors is determined by the number of microreaction engines 15. With three microreaction engines 15 equally distributed around the circumference 17, a total of six displacements 18 offset by 60 degrees each can be achieved by firing one or two engines 15. Thus, a resolution of the search range in six 60-degree directional segments is required if one or two microreaction engines 15 are fired depending on the segment.
  • the laser position detector 13 determines whether the trajectory 27 opens into the spot 29 of the illumination laser 8 or the trajectory 27 has a tray 26. Given a tray 26, the angle is measured and the associated one or two engines 15 ignited. This causes a correction of the trajectory 27 in the direction of the illumination spot 10. Since the height of the laser fan 9 above the earth's surface, as well as the velocity of the warhead is known, after a certain time in which the correction of the trajectory is completed, the triggering of the fragmentation warhead 3 can be made about 1 m above the ground. The splinters, not shown, are thus ejected downward in an approximate uniform distribution at a speed of about 800 m / s.
  • the triggering level, the discharge characteristic and the number of splinters are selected so that a splitter density of 0.2 splitter / cm 2 is achieved in a circle of about one meter in diameter.
  • the kinetic energy of the splinters is sufficient to safely destroy the mines after penetrating 30 cm of soil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The system has a projection system (20) for precise deployment of a splitter warhead to a destination point with an arrangement (1) for controlled energy release for achieving an accurately preselected initial speed. The warhead (3) contains an arrangement for correcting the flight path immediately before reaching the detonation point using laser beams from a laser illuminator stationed close to the projection system.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein System für eine Verbringung eines Gefechtskopfes in ein Zielgebiet nach dem im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a system for a shipment of a warhead in a target area according to the features indicated in the preamble of claim 1.

In mit militärischen Mitteln geführten Konflikten stellen Minen für alle Beteiligten eine besondere Bedrohung dar. Diese resultiert aus der Fehlzahl unterschiedlicher Wirkungs- und Ablösemechanismen, Bauausführungen und Verlegearten sowohl der smart mines oder auch als dump mines. Diese Eigenschaften sind auch die Ursache dafür, dass Manipulationen an verlegten Minen eine unakzeptable Gefährdung des Personals bedeuten. Bei den bekannten Verfahren zur Neutralisierung von Minen muss immer damit gerechnet werden, dass die Mine auslöst. Damit muss die Neutralisierung durch technische Maßnahmen so erfolgen, dass das Personal nicht gefährdet wird. Besonders problematisch ist die Neutralisierung von Minen unter der Erdoberfläche, deren Typ und Zustand in der Regel nicht bekannt sind.In military-led conflicts, mines pose a particular threat to all involved. This results from the lack of different action and detachment mechanisms, designs and types of installation of both smart mines and dump mines. These properties are also the reason why manipulation of laid mines represents an unacceptable threat to personnel. In the known methods for neutralizing mines must always be expected that the mine triggers. Thus, the neutralization by technical measures must be such that the personnel is not endangered. Particularly problematic is the neutralization of mines below the surface of the earth, the type and condition are not known in the rule.

Erkannte einzelne Minen werden bislang überwiegend pyrotechnisch geräumt. Liegt eine Mine offen, wird eine Hohlladung so neben der Mine positioniert, dass der Hohlladungsstrahl in den Sprengstoff wirkt. Eine einfachere Methode besteht im Auflegen einer Schlagladung, die die Mine durch Zündübertragung und / oder mechanisch zerstört. Beide Methoden haben den Nachteil, dass die Mine bei Auslösung erhebliche Schäden verursachen kann, insbesondere wenn sie in urbanem Gebiet liegt.Recognized individual mines are so far mainly pyrotechnic cleared. If a mine is open, a hollow charge is positioned next to the mine so that the shaped charge jet acts on the explosive. A simpler method is to apply an impact charge that destroys the mine by ignition transfer and / or mechanical destruction. Both methods have the disadvantage that the mine can cause significant damage when triggered, especially if it is located in urban areas.

Methoden, die Mine so handhabungssicher zu machen, dass sie aufgenommen und an einem sicheren Ort gesprengt werden kann, bestehen in dem Aufbringen eines schnellhärtenden Schaums zur Sicherstellung des Zünders oder durch Kühlung mit flüssigem Helium, um den Auslösemechanismus zu blockieren.Methods of making the mine so manageable that it can be picked up and blown up in a safe place are to apply it a quick-setting foam to secure the igniter or by cooling with liquid helium to block the trigger mechanism.

Um Minen aus größerer Distanz zu neutralisieren, werden in der Regel Bordwaffen, beispielsweise Maschinengewehré eingesetzt. Diese zerstören die Mine mechanisch oder lösen sie über die Zündeinrichtung aus.In order to neutralize mines from a greater distance, usually on-board weapons, such as machine guns are used. These destroy the mine mechanically or trigger it via the ignition device.

Eine andere Variante, Minen mittets eines Banzin-Luft Gemisches zu neutratisieren, is aus dem Dokument US-A- 4 273 048 bekannt.Another variant of neutralizing mines by means of a banzin-air mixture is known from document US Pat. No. 4,273,048.

Alle Maßnahmen zur Minenneutralisierung, die von einem Minenräumer in direkter Nähe zur Mine durchgeführt werden müssen, stellen ein inakzeptables Gefährdungspotenzial dar.All mine-neutralization measures that have to be carried out by a deminerator in close proximity to the mine represent an unacceptable hazard.

Hierzu kommt, dass die meisten Methoden mit ausreichender Zuverlässigkeit nur bei offenliegenden Minen anwendbar sind. Bei verdeckt liegenden Minen kann weder der Typ, der Zustand, noch die Einbaulage und genaue Position sicher bestimmt werden. Ansprengungen mit Schlag- oder Hohlladungen sind dann wirkungslos, wenn die vermutete Position der Mine nicht mit der wirklichen Lage übereinstimmt.In addition, most methods can only be used with sufficient reliability for open mines. For concealed mines neither the type, the condition, nor the installation position and exact position can be determined with certainty. Impacts with blow or shaped charges are ineffective if the assumed position of the mine does not coincide with the actual situation.

Eine Neutralisierung einer Mine aus sicherer Distanz mit Beschuss kann zu Beschädigungen der Mine führen, die dann eine Annäherung eines Minenräumers gar nicht mehr zulässt. Der Beschuss verdeckt verlegter Minen kommt im Grunde nicht in Frage. Selbst, wenn die Minenposition optisch markiert ist, ist der Beschusswinkel von einem Fahrzeug derart ungünstig, dass in vielen Fällen die Penetrationslänge im Erdbereich zu groß ist.A neutralization of a mine from a safe distance with shelling can lead to damage to the mine, which then no longer permits the approach of a deminerator. The shelling of buried mines is basically out of the question. Even if the mine position is optically marked, the bombardment angle of a vehicle is so unfavorable that in many cases the penetration length in the earth region is too great.

Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein System für eine Verbringung eines Gefechtskopfes in ein Zielgebiet mit einer Richtvorrichtung bereitzustellen, das folgende Anforderungen erfüllen soll:In contrast, it is an object of the invention to provide a system for a shipment of a warhead in a target area with a straightening device, which should meet the following requirements:

Das System soll Soldaten mit gepanzerten Fahrzeugen ermöglichen, erkannte Minen, die offen oder verdeckt verlegt sind, zu räumen;The system is designed to allow soldiers with armored vehicles to evacuate recognized mines that are overt or covertly laid;

Das System muss die sichere Neutralisierung von Minen aus einer Distanz von 10 - 50 m vom Fahrzeug aus ermöglichen;The system must allow the safe neutralization of mines from a distance of 10 - 50 m from the vehicle;

Es soll erreicht werden, dass die Besatzung während des gesamten Neutralisierungsvorganges im Fahrzeug verbleibt;It should be ensured that the crew remains in the vehicle throughout the neutralization process;

Die Neutralisierung muss mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit (größer 95%) erfolgen. Es ist anzustreben, dass die Mine durch den Neutralisierungsvorgang nicht auslöst;The neutralization must be done with high reliability (greater than 95%). It is desirable that the mine does not trigger by the neutralization process;

Es sind alle Arten von Minen (smart mines, dump mines, AT-mines, AP-mines, offroute-mines adw, offen oder unter der Erdoberfläche verlegt) zu neutralisieren;All types of mines (smart mines, dump mines, AT mines, AP mines, off-route mines adw, open or buried under the earth's surface) must be neutralized;

Das System ist als Rüstkit für Fahrzeuge auszuführen und darf die Signatur des Fahrzeuges nicht beeinträchtigen. Das Fahrzeug muss sich nach Abbau des Rüstkits wieder im originalen Zustand befinden;The system must be designed as a retrofit kit for vehicles and must not affect the vehicle's signature. The vehicle must be in its original state after dismantling the set-up kit;

Das System muss einen hohen Automatisierungsgrad aufweisen, um die Besatzung von der Bedienung weitgehend zu entlasten;The system must have a high degree of automation in order to relieve the crew of the operation to a great extent;

Das System muss auf visuell durch die Besatzung erkannte Minen oder Markierungen als auch auf Positionen wirken können, die lediglich durch ihre Koordinaten bekannt sind;The system must be able to operate on mines or markers visually recognized by the crew, as well as on positions known only by their coordinates;

Das System soll zusätzlich in der Lage sein, Stellungen des Gegners im Nahbereich präzise so zu bekämpfen, dass Sekundärwirkungen weitgehend vermieden werden;In addition, the system should be able to precisely combat enemy positions in the near range so that secondary effects are largely avoided;

Das System soll unter allen Wetter- und klimatischen Bedingungen einsetzbar sein.The system should be usable under all weather and climatic conditions.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale.This problem is solved by the features specified in claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Systems gehen aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche hervor.Advantageous developments of the system will become apparent from the features of the subclaims.

Die Grundidee des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, einen Splittergefechtskopf präzise über der sichtbaren Mine oder - falls die Mine unter der Erdoberfläche nicht sichtbar verlegt ist - über ihrer Position zu zünden, die entweder optisch markiert und / oder als Koordinate bekannt ist. Die Auslösung des Splittergefechtskopfes bewirkt, dass jede Mine auf und bis zu 30 cm unter der Erdoberfläche durch Einwirkung von Splittern zerstört wird.The basic idea of the method according to the invention is to ignite a fragmentation warhead precisely above the visible mine or, if the mine is not visible below the surface of the earth, above its position, which is either optically marked and / or known as a coordinate. The triggering of the fragmentation warhead causes each mine to be destroyed up to 30 cm below the earth's surface by the action of splinters.

Die Einwirkung der Splitter führt bei Minen mit mechanischen Zündern in der Regel zur Auslösung. Bei Minen mit elektrischen Zündern, Richtminen o. ä. findet eine Auslösung aufgrund des Zündprinzips nicht statt. Diese Minen werden aber so zerstört, dass eine spätere, unkontrollierte Zündung ausgeschlossen ist. Der Sprengstoff allein stellt keine unmittelbare Gefährdung dar.The action of the splinters usually leads to tripping in mines with mechanical detonators. In the case of mines with electric detonators, directional mines or the like, tripping does not take place due to the principle of ignition. These mines are so destroyed that a later, uncontrolled ignition is excluded. The explosive alone is not an immediate hazard.

Um dieses im Grundsatz einfache Wirkprinzip zu realisieren, müssen bei dem Splittergefechtskopf technisch mehrere Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein:

  • Die Splitterdichte muss so hoch sein, dass der Zünder mit Sicherheit getroffen und zerstört wird.
  • Die Durchschlagsleistung der Splitter muss so hoch sein, dass auch nach Durchdringen von 25 - 30 cm Erdboden noch ausreichende kinetische Energie zur Zerstörung der Zünderbaugruppe vorhanden ist.
In order to realize this basically simple operating principle, technically several conditions must be met in the fragmentation warhead:
  • The splinter density must be high enough to hit and destroy the detonator with certainty.
  • The breakdown power of the splinters must be so high that, even after penetrating 25-30 cm of soil, sufficient kinetic energy is still present to destroy the igniter assembly.

Um diese Leistungen zu erfüllen, enthält die Splitterladung eine Splitterdichte von ca. 0,2 Splitter / cm2 . Bei der für die Penetration notwendigen Splittermasse erreicht der Splittergefechtskopf diese Splitterdichte in einer kreisförmigen Fläche von ca. einem Meter Durchmesser. Um die beabsichtigte Wirkung zu erzielen, muss sich die zu zerstörende Mine also innerhalb dieses Kreises befinden.In order to fulfill these requirements, the splinter charge contains a splitter density of approx. 0.2 splitter / cm 2 . In the splinter mass necessary for the penetration, the fragmentation warhead reaches this fragment density in a circular area of about one meter in diameter. In order to achieve the intended effect, the mine to be destroyed must therefore be within this circle.

Um einen Wirkkörper über eine Distanz von ca. 20 bis 70 m so zu verbringen, dass er auf einen vorbestimmten Punkt am Boden in einem Winkel von > 70 Grad auftrifft, bietet sich das Mörserprinzip an. Die zulässige Abweichung von der Sollflugbahn darf - wenn beispielsweise eine 38 cm Mine vollständig getroffen werden soll - nicht mehr als 31 cm betragen. Diese Genauigkeit kann mit einem Mörser mit pyrotechnischem Antrieb nicht erreicht werden.To spend an active body over a distance of about 20 to 70 m so that it impinges on a predetermined point on the ground at an angle of> 70 degrees, offers the mortar principle. The permissible deviation from the nominal trajectory - if, for example, a 38 cm mine is to be completely hit - may not exceed 31 cm. This accuracy can not be achieved with a pyrotechnic driven mortar.

Um die notwendige Genauigkeit zu erzielen, sind zwei Maßnahmen vorgesehen:

  • Statt eines pyrotechnischen Mörsers zur Verbringung des Splittergefechtskopfes wird ein Wurfsystem mit kontrollierter Federspannungsenergie eingesetzt, das mit vergleichbaren geometrischen Abmessungen eine gegenüber einem Mörser höhere Qualität der Reproduzierbarkeit der Abgangsgeschwindigkeit, geringere Abgangsfehler durch präzise Rollenlagerführung während der Beschleunigungsphase und weitgehende Temperaturunabhängigkeit durch Messung der Energie der Feder während des elektromotorischen Spannvorganges aufweist.
  • Der Gefechtskopf wird mit zwei Mikroreaktionstriebwerken so bestückt, dass einige Meter vor Erreichen des Detonationspunktes die Flugbahn korrigiert werden kann. Diese Korrektur wird durch einen Sensor gesteuert, der die Flugbahnabweichung erfasst.
To achieve the necessary accuracy, two measures are envisaged:
  • Instead of a pyrotechnic mortar for the movement of the fragmentation warhead, a throwing system with controlled spring tension energy is used, which with comparable geometrical dimensions over a mortar higher quality of reproducibility of the output speed, lower Abgangsfehler by precise roller bearing guide during the acceleration phase and has extensive temperature independence by measuring the energy of the spring during the electromotive clamping operation.
  • The warhead is equipped with two microreaction engines so that the trajectory can be corrected several meters before reaching the detonation point. This correction is controlled by a sensor that detects the trajectory deviation.

Der Mechanismus der Neutralisierung beruht darauf, Minen durch Einwirkung von Splittern mechanisch so zu zerstören, dass sie keine Gefahr mehr darstellen. Der Vorteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, dass unabhängig von der Größe, der Bauform, des Zündmechanismus und der Verlegeart (auf oder unter der Erdoberfläche) der Mine eine hohe Neutralisierungswahrscheinlichkeit (auch gegen smart mines) gegeben ist.The mechanism of neutralization is based on mechanically destroying mines by the action of splinters so that they are no longer dangerous. The advantage of this method is that regardless of the size, the design, the ignition mechanism and the laying method (on or below the earth's surface) of the mine is given a high neutralization probability (even against smart mines).

Die Kombination eines hochpräzisen mechanischen Wurfsystems und einer Vorrichtung zur Flugbahnkorrektur stellt sicher, dass der Splittergefechtskopf präzise über der Minenposition zur Wirkung kommt und damit eine hohe Splitterdichte erzielt werden kann.The combination of a high-precision mechanical throwing system and a trajectory correction device ensures that the fragmentation warhead precisely above the mine position to effect and thus a high splinter density can be achieved.

Die Flugbahnkorrektur durch Mikroreaktionstriebwerke basiert auf einer erprobten Technik, die ausgesprochen einfache Realisierungen ermöglicht. Mit nur drei Mikroreaktionstriebwerken am Umfang des Geschosses kann einmalig eine Flugbahnkorrektur erzielt werden, die die entscheidende Verbesserung in der Treffgenauigkeit bewirkt.The trajectory correction by microreaction engines is based on a proven technique that allows extremely simple implementations. With only three microreaction engines on the perimeter of the projectile, a trajectory correction can be achieved once, which brings about the decisive improvement in accuracy.

Der Einsatz eines Lasers zur Übermittlung von Steuerinformationen an den Gefechtskopf ermöglicht eine einfache Realisierung des Zündmechanismus für die Splitterladung.The use of a laser to transmit control information to the warhead allows easy implementation of the firing mechanism for the fragmentation charge.

Die Bedienung des Systems durch die Besatzung ist sehr einfach. Der Soldat muss lediglich den Laserbeleuchter auf die Minenposition steuern und dann die Neutralisierung starten. Der gesamte weitere Funktionsablauf erfolgt dann automatisch.The operation of the system by the crew is very simple. The soldier only has to control the laser chandelier to the mine position and then start the neutralization. The entire further functional sequence then takes place automatically.

Der Zeitablauf für eine Neutralisierung ist minimal. Nach Erkennen der Minenposition ist die Neutralisierung nach ca. 10 Sekunden erfolgt.The timing for neutralization is minimal. After detecting the mine position, the neutralization takes place after approx. 10 seconds.

Das Wurfsystem ist hervorragend für eine gerätetechnische Realisierung als Rüstkit geeignet. Die zu adaptierenden Baugruppen verändern die Signatur des Fahrzeuges nur unwesentlich.The throwing system is perfectly suited for a device-technical realization as a set-up kit. The modules to be adapted only insignificantly change the signature of the vehicle.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung des Wurfsystems
Figur 2
eine dreidimensionale Ansicht des Wurfsystems mit einer Richtvorrichtung
Figur 3
eine schematische Darstellung der Funktion eines Laserbeleuchters
Figur 4
eine Seitenansicht des Splittergefechtskopfes teilweise in einem Längschnitt
Figur 5
in einer schematischen Darstellung den Funktionsablauf des Wurfsystems
Figur 6
einen Querschnitt des Gefechtskopfes mit einer Anordnung der Mikroreaktionstriebwerke
Figur 7
eine schematische Darstellung der möglichen Auslenkungen des Gefechtskopfes beim Korrekturvorgang
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in FIGS. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of the throwing system
FIG. 2
a three-dimensional view of the throwing system with a straightening device
FIG. 3
a schematic representation of the function of a laser illuminator
FIG. 4
a side view of the fragmentation warhead partially in a longitudinal section
FIG. 5
in a schematic representation of the functional sequence of the throwing system
FIG. 6
a cross section of the warhead with an array of microreaction engines
FIG. 7
a schematic representation of the possible deflections of the warhead during the correction process

Das erfindungsgemäße Wurfsystem ermöglicht die Realisierung eines Rüstkit das aus den Teilbereichen Wurfsystem 20 mit Richteinrichtung 21, Laserbeleuchter 7 und Splittergefechtskopf 3 besteht.The throwing system according to the invention makes it possible to realize a set-up kit consisting of the partial areas of throwing system 20 with straightening device 21, laser illuminator 7 and fragmentation warhead 3.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 verdeutlichen das Wurfsystem 20 mit Richtvorrichtung 21 zur präzisen Verbringung des Splittergefechtskopfes 3. Die Richtvorrichtung 21 ermöglicht eine Ausrichtung des Wurfsystems 20 in Azimuthrichtung 22 in einem Bereich von ca. 0 bis 180 Grad und in Elevationsrichtung 23 in einem Bereich von ca. 60 bis 80 Grad. Eine Transportstellung mit 0 Grad ist vorgesehen.Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the throwing system 20 with straightening device 21 for precise shipment of the fragmentation warhead 3. The straightening device 21 allows alignment of the throwing system 20 in azimuth 22 in a range of about 0 to 180 degrees and elevation 23 in a range of approx 60 to 80 degrees. A transport position with 0 degrees is provided.

Da die typische Einsatzreichweite ca. 20 bis 100 m beträgt, kann das Wurfsystem 20 vorzugsweise als Federwurfsystem ausgeführt werden, das gegenüber pyrotechnischen Verbringungsmechanismen deutlich geringere Streuungen der Sollflugbahn ermöglicht.Since the typical operating range is about 20 to 100 m, the throwing system 20 can preferably be designed as a spring-throw system, which enables significantly lower scattering of the nominal trajectory compared to pyrotechnic transfer mechanisms.

Das Prinzip besteht darin, Federn 1 mittels Elektromotoren 2 so weit zu spannen, dass bei Freigabe der Federn 1 der Splittergefechtskopf 3 eine genau vorwählbare Anfangsgeschwindigkeit erhält. Der Kraft- / Wegverlauf der Federn 1, der dieser Energie entspricht, kann für die Regelung des Spannvorganges durch Elektromotoren 2 präzise über Kraftelemente oder Stromsensoren 4 in der Stromversorgung der E-Motoren 2 gemessen werden. Damit können auch Einflüsse durch Temperatur und Materialermüdung in den Federn 2 weitgehend ausgeglichen werden. Da eine gasdichte Führung des Splittergefechtskopfes 3 entfällt, kann der Splittergefechtskopf 3 z. B. in einem Becher 5, der durch die Federn 1 über eine spielfreie Rollenführung 6 beschleunigt wird, mit geringer Abgangsstreuung ausgeworfen werden.The principle is to stretch springs 1 by means of electric motors 2 so far that upon release of the springs 1, the fragmentation warhead 3 a precisely Preselected initial speed. The force / path profile of the springs 1, which corresponds to this energy can be measured to control the clamping operation by electric motors 2 precisely via force elements or current sensors 4 in the power supply of the electric motors 2. This also influences by temperature and fatigue in the springs 2 can be largely compensated. Since a gas-tight leadership of the fragmentation warhead 3 deleted, the fragmentation warhead 3 z. B. in a cup 5, which is accelerated by the springs 1 via a play-free roller guide 6, are ejected with low Abgang scattering.

Der in der Figur 3 dargestellte Laserbeleuchter 7 kann zwei Laserstrahlen 8, 9 voneinander unabhängig frei positionierbar in Azimuth und Elevation aussenden, wobei der Laserbeleuchter 7 auf einem Fahrzeug 19 positioniert ist.The laser illuminator 7 shown in FIG. 3 can emit two laser beams 8, 9 independently of one another in freely positionable azimuth and elevation, wherein the laser illuminator 7 is positioned on a vehicle 19.

Der erste Laserstrahl 8 dient zur Beleuchtung einer Mine 10 oder einer Oberflächenposition, unter der sich die Mine 10 befindet. Der Laserstrahl 8 kann durch die Fahrzeugbesatzung über manuelles Richten einer Zielmarke auf die erkannte Mine 10 geführt werden oder automatisch über eine nicht näher dargestellte Steuereinheit gerichtet werden. Für diese automatische Steuerung sind dann die genaue Position der Mine und die genaue Position sowie Richtung des Fahrzeuges 19 erforderlich.The first laser beam 8 is used to illuminate a mine 10 or a surface position under which the mine 10 is located. The laser beam 8 can be guided by the vehicle crew by manually directing a target mark on the detected mine 10 or be automatically directed via a control unit, not shown. For this automatic control then the exact position of the mine and the exact position and direction of the vehicle 19 are required.

Der zweite Laserstrahl 9 hat die Form eines Fächers. Elevations- und Azimuthwinkel werden mit Bezug auf die Raumlage des Beleuchtungslaserstrahls 8 automatisch ermittelt. Der Azimuthwinkel der Mittellinie des Fächers entspricht dem Azimuthwinkel des Beleuchtungslasers 8, der Elevationswinkel ist um einen solchen Wert größer als der Elevationswinkel des Beleuchtungslasers 8, so dass der Strahlfächer 9 in einem vorwählbaren Abstand 28, der beispielsweise 2 - 4 m beträgt, über der Beleuchtungsposition 29 der Mine 10 verläuft. Dieser Laserstrahl 9 ist codiert.The second laser beam 9 has the shape of a fan. Elevation and azimuth angles are automatically determined with respect to the spatial position of the illumination laser beam 8. The azimuth angle of the center line of the fan corresponds to the azimuth angle of the illumination laser 8, the elevation angle is greater than the elevation angle of the illumination laser 8 by such a value, so that the beam fan 9 at a preselectable distance 28, which is for example 2 - 4 m, above the illumination position 29 of the mine 10 runs. This laser beam 9 is coded.

Nach den Figuren 4 - 7 besteht der Splittergefechtskopf 3 aus folgenden Baugruppen: Einem Gefechtskopfkörper 11, einer Splitterladung 12, einem an der Stirnseite des Splittergefechtskopfes 3 angeordneten Laserpositionsdetektor 13, der die Position des Laserleuchtflecks 29 des Beleuchtungslasers 8 bestimmt, einem Laserdetektor 14 mit Decodiereinrichtung zur Detektion des codierten Laserfächers 9, drei Mikroreaktionstriebwerke 15 mit Zündeinrichtung, die am Umfang des Gefechtskopfes um je 120 Grad versetzt angebracht sind, und einer Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit 16, welche die Steuerung des Laserpositionsdetektors 13, des Laserdetektors 14, der Mikroreaktionstriebwerke 15, sowie die Zündung des Gefechtskopfes bewirkt.According to Figures 4-7, the fragmentation warhead 3 consists of the following components: A warhead body 11, a fragmentation charge 12, a arranged on the front side of the fragmentation warhead 3 laser position detector 13, which determines the position of the laser light spot 29 of the illumination laser 8, a laser detector 14 with decoder for Detection of the coded laser fan 9, three micro reaction engines 15 with ignition device, which are mounted offset at the periphery of the warhead by 120 degrees, and a control and evaluation unit 16, which causes the control of the laser position detector 13, the laser detector 14, the micro reaction engines 15, as well as the ignition of the warhead.

Das Wurfsystem funktioniert wie folgt:The throwing system works as follows:

Die Elektronik- und Zündeinrichtung des Gefechtskopfes 3 wird durch den Wurfvorgang aktiviert. Ca. 3m über dem Boden 24 taucht der Gefechtskopf 3 durch den Laserfächer 9. Dieses Ereignis wird durch den Laserdetektor 14 mit Decodiereinrichtung detektiert. Dadurch wird der Laserpositionsdetektor 13 an der Stirnseite des Gefechtskopfes 3 eingeschaltet, der die Richtung des Aufschlagpunktes 25 zum Beleuchtungspunkt 29 der Mine 10 misst. Die Richtung wird lediglich als Sektor bestimmt. Die Anzahl der Sektoren bestimmt sich durch die Anzahl der Mikroreaktionstriebwerke 15. Bei drei am Umfang 17 gleich verteilten Mikroreaktionstriebwerken 15 können durch Zündung von einem oder zwei Triebwerken 15 insgesamt sechs um jeweils 60 Grad versetzte Auslenkungen 18 erzielt werden. Damit ist eine Auflösung des Suchbereichs in sechs Richtungssegmente mit je 60 Grad erforderlich, wenn abhängig vom Segment ein oder zwei Mikroreaktionstriebwerke 15. gezündet werden.The electronics and ignition device of the warhead 3 is activated by the throwing process. Approximately 3 m above the ground 24, the warhead 3 dives through the laser fan 9. This event is detected by the laser detector 14 with decoder. Thereby, the laser position detector 13 is turned on at the front side of the warhead 3, which measures the direction of the impact point 25 to the illumination point 29 of the mine 10. The direction is only determined as a sector. The number of sectors is determined by the number of microreaction engines 15. With three microreaction engines 15 equally distributed around the circumference 17, a total of six displacements 18 offset by 60 degrees each can be achieved by firing one or two engines 15. Thus, a resolution of the search range in six 60-degree directional segments is required if one or two microreaction engines 15 are fired depending on the segment.

Der Laserpositionsdetektor 13 ermittelt, ob die Flugbahn 27 im Fleck 29 des Beleuchtungslasers 8 mündet oder die Flugbahn 27 eine Ablage 26 aufweist. Ist eine Ablage 26 gegeben, wird der Winkel gemessen und die dazugehörigen ein oder zwei Triebwerke 15 gezündet. Dadurch wird eine Korrektur der Flugbahn 27 in Richtung des Beleuchtungsflecks 10 bewirkt. Da die Höhe des Laserfächers 9 über der Erdoberfläche, sowie die Geschwindigkeit des Gefechtskopfes bekannt ist, kann nach einer bestimmten Zeit, in der die Korrektur der Flugbahn abgeschlossen ist, die Auslösung des Splittergefechtskopfes 3 ca. 1 m über dem Boden erfolgen. Die nicht dargestellten Splitter werden dadurch in einer angenäherten Gleichverteilung mit einer Geschwindigkeit von ca. 800 m / s nach unten ausgestoßen. Die Auslösehöhe, die Ausstoßcharakteristik und die Zahl der Splitter sind so gewählt, dass in einem Kreis von ca. einem Meter Durchmesser eine Splitterdichte von 0,2 Splitter / cm2 erzielt wird. Die kinetische Energie der Splitter ist ausreichend, nach einer Durchdringung von 30 cm Erdboden die Minen noch sicher zu zerstören.The laser position detector 13 determines whether the trajectory 27 opens into the spot 29 of the illumination laser 8 or the trajectory 27 has a tray 26. Given a tray 26, the angle is measured and the associated one or two engines 15 ignited. This causes a correction of the trajectory 27 in the direction of the illumination spot 10. Since the height of the laser fan 9 above the earth's surface, as well as the velocity of the warhead is known, after a certain time in which the correction of the trajectory is completed, the triggering of the fragmentation warhead 3 can be made about 1 m above the ground. The splinters, not shown, are thus ejected downward in an approximate uniform distribution at a speed of about 800 m / s. The triggering level, the discharge characteristic and the number of splinters are selected so that a splitter density of 0.2 splitter / cm 2 is achieved in a circle of about one meter in diameter. The kinetic energy of the splinters is sufficient to safely destroy the mines after penetrating 30 cm of soil.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Federfeather
22
Elektromotorelectric motor
33
SplittergefechtskopfFragmentation warhead
44
Kraftelement / StromsensorForce element / current sensor
55
Becher / AufnahmeMug / recording
66
Rollenführungroller guide
77
Laserbeleuchterlaser illuminator
88th
Laserstrahllaser beam
99
Laserstrahl / LaserfächerLaser beam / laser fan
1010
Minemine
1111
GefechtskopfkörperWarhead body
1212
Splitterladungfragmentation charge
1313
LaserpositionsdetektorLaser position detector
1414
Laserdetektorlaser detector
1515
MikroreaktionstriebwerkMicroreaction engine
1616
Steuer- und AntriebseinheitControl and drive unit
1717
Umfangscope
1818
Auslenkungdeflection
1919
Fahrzeugvehicle
2020
WurfsystemProjection system
2121
Richtvorrichtungstraightener
2222
Azimuthrichtungazimuth
2323
Elevationsrichtungelevation direction
2424
Bodenground
2525
Aufschlagpunktpoint of impact
2626
Ablagefiling
2727
Flugbahntrajectory
2828
Abstanddistance
2929
Leuchtfleck / BeleuchtungspunktLight spot / illumination point

Claims (15)

  1. Method for initiation or neutralization of mines which are located on or under the earth's surface, characterized in that
    - a warhead (3) is moved to a predetermined point above the mine (10),
    - with control information being produced, by means of which
    - the trajectory (27) of the warhead (3) can be corrected before it reaches the predetermined point, and
    - the warhead (3) is detonated above the position of the mines (10).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control information is determined by means of laser beams (8, 9).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first laser beam (8) which is transmitted from a laser illuminator (7) is used to illuminate the mine (10) or the surface position under which the mine (10) is located, in which case the laser beam (8) can be aimed manually or automatically at the identified mine.
  4. Method according to Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that a second laser beam (9) which is transmitted and coded by the laser illuminator (7) is in the form of a fan, with the azimuth angle of the centre line of the fan corresponding to the azimuth angle of the illumination laser, and the elevation angle being greater than the elevation angle of the illumination laser by a value such that the beam fan runs at an approximately constant preselectable distance (28) above the illumination position (29).
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the trajectory correction is carried out by means of microreaction motors (15) in the warhead (3).
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mines (10) are optically marked and/or are known as a coordinate.
  7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the warhead (3) is moved over a distance of 10 to 100 m.
  8. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the warhead is provided with an initial velocity which can be preselected precisely.
  9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the warhead (3) strikes the predetermined point at an angle of >70 degrees.
  10. Warhead for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the warhead (3) is a fragmentation warhead (3) with a fragmentation charge (12), and has means (13, 14, 15, 16) for producing control information and for correction of the trajectory (27), as well as an electronics and detonation device.
  11. Warhead according to Claim 10, characterized in that the means comprise a laser position detector (13) which is arranged at the end, a laser detector (14) which is arranged at the rear and has a decoding device, microreaction motors (15) which are distributed on the circumference and have detonation devices, as well as a control and propulsion unit (16).
  12. Warhead according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the fragmentation charge has a fragment density of about 0.2 fragments/cm2.
  13. Warhead according to Claim 11, characterized in that, if there are three microreaction motors (15) distributed uniformly around the circumference (17) a total of six deflections (18), which are each offset through 60°, can be achieved by ignition of one or two motors.
  14. Warhead according to Claim 13, characterized in that three microreaction motors (15) are fitted offset through 120° in each case around the circumference of the warhead (3).
  15. Apparatus for deployment of the warhead according to one of Claims 10 to 14 over a mine (10) having a launching system (20) with an aiming apparatus (21) as well as a laser illuminator (7) for transmission of two laser beams (8, 9), which can be positioned freely and independently in azimuth and elevation, for alignment and initiation of the warhead (3) above the mine (10).
EP02017902A 2001-09-27 2002-08-09 A system for launching a war head with a trajectory correction device for neutralisation of mines Expired - Lifetime EP1298409B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10147837 2001-09-27
DE10147837A DE10147837A1 (en) 2001-09-27 2001-09-27 Warhead throwing system with a mine neutralizer

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AT (1) ATE319977T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10147837A1 (en)
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US20030126979A1 (en) 2003-07-10
EP1298409A1 (en) 2003-04-02
DK1298409T3 (en) 2006-04-18
ES2258124T3 (en) 2006-08-16
DE10147837A1 (en) 2003-04-24
US6662701B2 (en) 2003-12-16
ATE319977T1 (en) 2006-03-15
DE50205991D1 (en) 2006-05-04

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