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EP1287096B1 - Method for regenerating a particle filter and device therefor - Google Patents

Method for regenerating a particle filter and device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1287096B1
EP1287096B1 EP01940698A EP01940698A EP1287096B1 EP 1287096 B1 EP1287096 B1 EP 1287096B1 EP 01940698 A EP01940698 A EP 01940698A EP 01940698 A EP01940698 A EP 01940698A EP 1287096 B1 EP1287096 B1 EP 1287096B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydroxyl groups
molecular weight
filter
molecule
low molecular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP01940698A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1287096A1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric DIONNET
Olivier Trohel
Jean-Paul Morin
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Centre dEtudes et de Recherche Technologique en Aerothermique et Moteur CERTAM
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Centre dEtudes et de Recherche Technologique en Aerothermique et Moteur CERTAM
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1828Salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of regenerating particulate filters for an internal combustion engine.
  • particulate filters have been inserted into the exhaust gas ducts downstream of the combustion engines to retain these particles and prevent them from re-circulating in the ambient air.
  • the combustion of the particles retained on the filter is improved by increasing the temperature of said filter, for example, by the use of heating devices around the filters, such as electric resistors or burners.
  • This approach has many disadvantages. Firstly, the additional supply of energy necessary for combustion, in the form of heat is expensive, on the other hand, the high temperatures used continuously, lead rapidly to the degradation of the filters which then have a lifetime scaled down.
  • a second approach has been to develop processes for decreasing the temperature at which particles can be removed. This decrease in the combustion temperature of the particles on the filter has been obtained by adding, in the fuel, various additives, for example organometallic compounds.
  • organometallic compounds act as a catalyst, promoting the combustion of the particles deposited on the filter.
  • their use can sometimes lead to sudden ignition of the particles on the filter which therefore undergoes significant thermal shocks.
  • these organometallic compounds produce, during their combustion, additional deposits of metal particles on the filter and have the major disadvantage of considerably increasing the cost of the process.
  • US Patent No. 5,055,112 discloses a particular type of chemical compounds, the use of which as additives added to the fuel makes it possible to reduce the particulate matter from the combustion of diesel engines without the disadvantages of the use of organometallic derivatives.
  • additives include aliphatic 1,2 diol compounds having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. These compounds consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen have the advantage of producing additional residues during their combustion.
  • US Patent No. 4,576,617 discloses the use of organic products of the general formula C x H y O z as a heating fuel for regenerating a particulate filter. The process requires preheating said organic before reaching the filter.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a regeneration method of a particulate filter placed on the exhaust pipe of the gases emitted by an internal combustion engine, consisting of burning the particles retained in the filter in the presence of at least one molecule of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, said molecule having a molecular weight of less than 100, characterized in that hydroxyl radicals are released in the cold, resulting in a decrease in the temperature necessary for the spontaneous combustion of the particles retained in said filter.
  • the process of the invention is remarkable in that it makes it possible to eliminate almost all the particles resulting from combustion so as to have a clean filter.
  • the Applicant has found that these additives thus added have the effect of a significant decrease in the combustion temperature of the particles on the filters.
  • the molecules of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups making it possible to more effectively reduce the combustion temperature of the particles on the filter are in the liquid state at ambient temperature.
  • these molecules have a molecular weight of less than 100.
  • the invention preferably envisages organic compounds and advantageously glycerol and compositions containing it.
  • the chemical molecules used in the process of the present invention also have the advantage of not producing ash when they decompose by the effect of heat and thus not to produce residues during their combustion.
  • glycerol is produced industrially in very large quantities, as waste from the production of the ester rapeseed.
  • the Applicant has used these added molecules either directly in the exhaust pipe, immediately upstream of the particulate filter, or in the intake air of the engine, upstream of the combustion chamber.
  • the method of the invention therefore accepts at least the two following embodiments.
  • a first embodiment of the process of the invention consists of the supply, continuous or not, of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, in the exhaust gas pipe upstream of the particulate filter.
  • the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is carried out in the form of a solution whose concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two groups hydroxyl is between 30% and 100% by volume, most preferably between 45% and 55% by volume.
  • the concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups in the exhaust tube, upstream of the particulate filter is advantageously between a volume of 0.05 1 and 0.5 1 for a volume of 360,000 liters of exhaust gas, preferably between 0.1 1 and 0.2 1 for 360,000 liters of exhaust gas.
  • the solution comprising the molecules of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is provided at a flow rate of between 0.1 and 1 1 / h, preferably 0.3 1 / h.
  • a second embodiment of the method of the invention consists of the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups upstream of the combustion chamber, advantageously in the fuel.
  • the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is carried out in the form of a solution whose concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is between 1%. and 4% of the fuel volume, most preferably between 1.5% and 2% of the fuel volume.
  • the experimental protocol was carried out on a turbo-diesel engine with direct electronic injection, using a cordierite particle filter.
  • the solution used in the tests is formulated from 90% pure glycerol to obtain a working solution containing 50% by volume of glycerol diluted in demineralized water.
  • Figure 1 shows an installation diagram of the device above.
  • Figure 2 shows the comparison, in terms of pressure drop on the filter, expressed in bar, as a function of time for a filter that has not been injected with an additive or has been injected with glycerol. For an additive flow through the filter of 300 ml / hour.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the temperatures reached at the inlet of the filter as a function of the addition or not of the additives upstream of the filter.
  • the maximum temperature after addition of glycerol is less than 400 ° C.
  • the applicant has observed during its studies on the regeneration of particle filters, the effectiveness of certain small molecules with hydroxyl groups.
  • the mechanism of action of these molecules is probably related to their chemical structure.
  • the basic principle would be a release of hydroxyl radicals in the cold, resulting in a drop in temperature necessary for the spontaneous combustion of the soot deposited on the filters. This cold release would occur from 300 ° C or 400 ° C, while the same radical is manufactured in a conventional hydrocarbon flame that above 1000 ° C, and would be possible only for molecules of the polyol type and having an OH group on each carbon atom.
  • the temperature at which the phenomenon occurs depends on the one hand on the conditions of the oxygen partial pressure prevailing in the exhaust pipe, and on the other hand on the soot flow rate. These two parameters are variables that depend on the operation of the engine, including its speed and load.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

A process for regenerating a particulate filter placed in an exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine including burning particles emitted during combustion of fuel in the engine and retained in the filter in the presence of an additive containing at least one low-molecular-weight compound including at least two hydroxyl groups and wherein the hydroxyl groups are released in a cold state and an apparatus for regenerating a particulate filter placed in an exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine, wherein regeneration includes burning particles retained in the filter and emitted during combustion of a fuel in the engine, in the presence of an additive, including a reservoir of an additive solution containing at least one low-molecular-weight compound including at least two hydroxyl groups which are released in a cold state, a meter enabling precise and variable metering of selected quantities of the additive solution injected, a start/stop controller, an electromagnetic injector controller, and pressure regulator driven by and automatically controlled by the engine.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de régénération de filtres à particules pour un moteur à combustion interne.The invention relates to a method of regenerating particulate filters for an internal combustion engine.

Les moteurs à combustion interne pour véhicules automobiles produisent des gaz d'échappement contenant des particules dont l'effet est indésirable pour l'environnement.Internal combustion engines for motor vehicles produce exhaust gases containing particles whose effect is undesirable for the environment.

Ces particules se forment à partir des résidus du combustible lui même, mais aussi à partir des additifs chimiques ajoutés dans ledit combustible dont la combustion n'a pas été complète.These particles are formed from the fuel residues itself, but also from the chemical additives added in said fuel whose combustion was not complete.

L'élimination de ces particules issues des moteurs de combustion est devenue un enjeu majeur du point de vue de la santé publique et de l'environnement compte tenu de l'accroissement des maladies respiratoires qui ont leur origine dans la dégradation de la qualité de l'air.The elimination of these particles from combustion engines has become a major issue from the point of view of public health and the environment given the increase in respiratory diseases which have their origin in the degradation of the quality of the 'air.

Depuis quelques années, des solutions pour essayer de résoudre le problème posé par les émissions de particules dans l'air ambiante à partir des moteurs de combustion ont été apportées. Par exemple, des filtres à particules ont été insérés dans les conduits des gaz d'échappement en aval des moteurs de combustion, pour retenir ces particules et empêcher leur rélargage dans l'air ambiant.In recent years, solutions to try to solve the problem posed by particulate emissions into ambient air from combustion engines have been made. For example, particulate filters have been inserted into the exhaust gas ducts downstream of the combustion engines to retain these particles and prevent them from re-circulating in the ambient air.

Ces techniques présentent cependant quelques inconvénients du fait de l'encrassement rapide du filtre. Au fur et à mesure de leur utilisation, une partie infime des particules déposées sur les filtres est éliminée par combustion sur le propre filtre, grâce aux températures élevées des gaz d'échappement qui le traversent. Cependant, la plus grande partie de ces particules ne peut pas être éliminée et en s'accumulant finit boucher le filtre et empêcher l'évacuation des gaz de combustion.These techniques however have some disadvantages due to rapid fouling of the filter. As they are used, a tiny part of the particles deposited on the filters is burnt off on the filter itself, thanks to the high temperatures of the exhaust gas flowing through it. However, most of these particles can not be removed and accumulating eventually clogs the filter and prevents the evacuation of flue gases.

Des procédés permettant la régénération des filtres à particules ont été envisagés. Ces procédés augmentent l'efficacité de la combustion des particules sur le propre filtre, essentiellement selon deux approches différentes.Methods for the regeneration of particulate filters have been envisaged. These methods increase the efficiency of particle combustion on the filter itself, essentially in two different ways.

Selon la première approche, la combustion des particules retenues sur le filtre est améliorée en augmentant la température dudit filtre, par exemple, par la mise en oeuvre de dispositifs chauffants autour des filtres, tels que des résistances électriques ou des brûleurs. Cette approche présente des nombreux inconvénients. En premier lieu, l'apport supplémentaire d'énergie, nécessaire à la combustion, sous forme de chaleur est onéreux, d'autre part, les températures élevées utilisées en permanence, conduisent rapidement à la dégradation des filtres qui présentent alors une durée de vie réduite.According to the first approach, the combustion of the particles retained on the filter is improved by increasing the temperature of said filter, for example, by the use of heating devices around the filters, such as electric resistors or burners. This approach has many disadvantages. Firstly, the additional supply of energy necessary for combustion, in the form of heat is expensive, on the other hand, the high temperatures used continuously, lead rapidly to the degradation of the filters which then have a lifetime scaled down.

Une deuxième approche a consisté à développer des procédés de diminution de la température à laquelle les particules peuvent être éliminées. Cette diminution de la température de combustion des particules sur le filtre a été obtenue par l'ajout, dans le carburant, de différents additifs, par exemple des composés organo-métalliques.A second approach has been to develop processes for decreasing the temperature at which particles can be removed. This decrease in the combustion temperature of the particles on the filter has been obtained by adding, in the fuel, various additives, for example organometallic compounds.

Ces composés organo-métalliques jouent le rôle d'un catalyseur, favorisant la combustion des particules déposés sur le filtre. Cependant, leur utilisation peut parfois aboutir à des inflammations brutales des particules sur le filtre qui de ce fait subit d'importants chocs thermiques. De plus, ces composés organométalliques produisent, lors de leur combustion, des dépôts supplémentaires de particules métalliques sur le filtre et présentent l'inconvénient majeur d'augmenter considérablement le coût du procédé.These organometallic compounds act as a catalyst, promoting the combustion of the particles deposited on the filter. However, their use can sometimes lead to sudden ignition of the particles on the filter which therefore undergoes significant thermal shocks. In addition, these organometallic compounds produce, during their combustion, additional deposits of metal particles on the filter and have the major disadvantage of considerably increasing the cost of the process.

Le brevet américain US No. 5 055 112 divulgue un type particulier de composés chimiques, dont l'utilisation en tant qu'additifs ajoutés dans le carburant permet de réduire le taux de particules issu de la combustion des moteurs diesel, sans les inconvénients liés à l'utilisation de dérivés organo-métalliques. Ces additifs comprennent des composés 1,2 diol aliphatiques ayant de 6 à 24 atomes de carbone. Ces composés, constitués seulement de carbone, d'hydrogène et d'oxygène présentent l'avantage de ne produire de résidus additionnels lors de leur combustion.US Patent No. 5,055,112 discloses a particular type of chemical compounds, the use of which as additives added to the fuel makes it possible to reduce the particulate matter from the combustion of diesel engines without the disadvantages of the use of organometallic derivatives. These additives include aliphatic 1,2 diol compounds having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. These compounds consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen have the advantage of producing additional residues during their combustion.

Toutefois, ces composés 1,2 diol aliphatiques dont la chaîne aliphatique est supérieure à six atomes de carbone présentent plusieurs inconvénients, outre leur potentiel cancérigène, leur manipulation demande des précautions, leur dosage n'est pas aisé et manque de précision du fait de leur état physique, car ils sont pratiquement solides à la température ambiante. Leur utilisation est ainsi limitée à des doses infimes, de l'ordre de 500 à 5000 ppm, pour une réduction du taux de particules tout de même limitée.However, these aliphatic 1,2-diol compounds whose aliphatic chain is greater than six carbon atoms have several drawbacks, in addition to their carcinogenic potential, handling requires precautions, their dosage is not easy and lacks precision because of their physical state because they are virtually solid at room temperature. Their use is thus limited to minute doses, of the order of 500 to 5000 ppm, for a reduction of the particle rate all the same limited.

Le brevet américain US No, 4,576,617 divulgue l'utilisation de produits organiques de formule générale CxHyOz comme combustible de réchauffage pour régénérer un filtre à particules. Le procédé nécessite le préchauffage dudit organique avant d'atteindre le filtre.US Patent No. 4,576,617 discloses the use of organic products of the general formula C x H y O z as a heating fuel for regenerating a particulate filter. The process requires preheating said organic before reaching the filter.

La Demanderesse qui effectue des recherches dans le domaine de la régénération des filtres à particules a maintenant conçu un procédé qui a pour objet la régénération desdits filtres avec des compositions comportant des molécules dont la manipulation s'effectue sans encourir des risques et pour lesquelles le dosage est aisé et le coût modéré.The Applicant who carries out research in the field of the regeneration of particulate filters has now devised a process which has for object the regeneration of said filters with compositions comprising molecules whose manipulation is carried out without incurring risks and for which the dosage is easy and the moderate cost.

Ce but est atteint selon l'invention grâce à un procédé de régénération d'un filtre à particules placé sur la conduite d'échappement des gaz émis par un moteur à combustion interne, consistant à brûler les particules retenues dans le filtre en présence d'au moins une molécule de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles, ladite molécule ayant un poids moléculaire inférieur à 100, caractérisé en ce que des radicaux hydroxyles sont libérés à froid, entraînant une baisse de la température nécessaire à la combustion spontanée des particules retenues dans ledit filtre.This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a regeneration method of a particulate filter placed on the exhaust pipe of the gases emitted by an internal combustion engine, consisting of burning the particles retained in the filter in the presence of at least one molecule of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, said molecule having a molecular weight of less than 100, characterized in that hydroxyl radicals are released in the cold, resulting in a decrease in the temperature necessary for the spontaneous combustion of the particles retained in said filter.

Le procédé de l'invention est remarquable en ce qu'il permet d'éliminer la quasi totalité des particules issues de la combustion de façon à disposer d'un filtre propre. La Demanderesse a constaté que ces additifs ainsi ajoutés ont pour effet une diminution importante de la température de combustion des particules sur les filtres.The process of the invention is remarkable in that it makes it possible to eliminate almost all the particles resulting from combustion so as to have a clean filter. The Applicant has found that these additives thus added have the effect of a significant decrease in the combustion temperature of the particles on the filters.

La Demanderesse a observé que de façon surprenante, les molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles permettant de diminuer plus efficacement la température de combustion des particules sur le filtre sont à l'état liquide à température ambiante. Avantageusement ces molécules ont un poids moléculaire inférieur à 100.The Applicant has observed that, surprisingly, the molecules of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups making it possible to more effectively reduce the combustion temperature of the particles on the filter are in the liquid state at ambient temperature. Advantageously, these molecules have a molecular weight of less than 100.

Parmi les molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant deux groupements hydroxyles, l'invention envisage de préférence des composés organiques et avantageusement le glycérol et les compositions le contenant.Among the low molecular weight molecules comprising two hydroxyl groups, the invention preferably envisages organic compounds and advantageously glycerol and compositions containing it.

Les molécules chimiques utilisées dans le procédé de la présente invention présentent en outre l'avantage de ne pas produire de cendres lorsqu'elles se décomposent par effet de la chaleur et donc de ne pas produire des résidus lors de leur combustion.The chemical molecules used in the process of the present invention also have the advantage of not producing ash when they decompose by the effect of heat and thus not to produce residues during their combustion.

De plus, elles ne sont pas cancérigènes, et du fait de leur état liquide à température ambiante elles peuvent être manipulées et dosées facilement, enfin le glycérol est produit industriellement en très grande quantité, en tant que déchet issu de la production de l'ester méthylique de colza.In addition, they are not carcinogenic, and because of their liquid state at room temperature they can be handled and dosed easily, finally glycerol is produced industrially in very large quantities, as waste from the production of the ester rapeseed.

La Demanderesse à utilisé ces molécules ajoutées soit directement dans la tubulure des gaz d'échappement, immédiatement en amont du filtre à particules, soit dans l'air d'admission du moteur, en amont de la chambre de combustion. Le procédé de l'invention accepte donc au moins les deux modes de réalisation suivants.The Applicant has used these added molecules either directly in the exhaust pipe, immediately upstream of the particulate filter, or in the intake air of the engine, upstream of the combustion chamber. The method of the invention therefore accepts at least the two following embodiments.

Un premier mode de réalisation du procédé de l'invention consiste en l'apport, continu ou non, des molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles, dans la tubulure des gaz d'échappement en amont du filtre à particules. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'apport de molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles est effectué sous la forme d'une solution dont la concentration en molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles est comprise entre 30% et 100% en volume, tout préférentiellement comprise entre 45% et 55% en volume.A first embodiment of the process of the invention consists of the supply, continuous or not, of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, in the exhaust gas pipe upstream of the particulate filter. In this embodiment, the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is carried out in the form of a solution whose concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two groups hydroxyl is between 30% and 100% by volume, most preferably between 45% and 55% by volume.

La concentration de molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles dans le tube d'échappement, en amont du filtre à particules est avantageusement comprise entre un volume de 0,05 1 et 0,5 1 pour un volume de 360.000 litres de gaz d'échappement, de préférence comprise entre 0,1 1 et 0,2 1 pour 360.000 litres de gaz d'échappement.The concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups in the exhaust tube, upstream of the particulate filter is advantageously between a volume of 0.05 1 and 0.5 1 for a volume of 360,000 liters of exhaust gas, preferably between 0.1 1 and 0.2 1 for 360,000 liters of exhaust gas.

Dans ce premier mode de réalisation, la solution comprenant les molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles est apportée à un débit compris entre 0,1 et 1 1 /h, de préférence de 0,3 1/h.In this first embodiment, the solution comprising the molecules of low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is provided at a flow rate of between 0.1 and 1 1 / h, preferably 0.3 1 / h.

Un second mode de réalisation du procédé de l'invention consiste en l'apport des molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles en amont de la chambre de combustion, avantageusement dans le carburant. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'apport de molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles est effectué sous la forme d'une solution dont la concentration en molécules de bas poids moléculaire comportant au moins deux groupements hydroxyles est comprise entre 1% et 4% du volume de carburant, tout préférentiellement entre 1,5% et 2% du volume de carburant.A second embodiment of the method of the invention consists of the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups upstream of the combustion chamber, advantageously in the fuel. In this embodiment, the supply of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is carried out in the form of a solution whose concentration of low molecular weight molecules comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is between 1%. and 4% of the fuel volume, most preferably between 1.5% and 2% of the fuel volume.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture des exemples qui suivent montrant l'effet d'une des molécules utilisées selon le procédé de l'invention, le glycérol, sur la température, mesurée à l'entrée du filtre à particules et sur la perte de charge à travers le filtre à particules.Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the following examples showing the effect of one of the molecules used according to the method of the invention, glycerol, on the temperature, measured at the inlet of the filter. particulate matter and on the pressure drop across the particulate filter.

1) Protocole expérimental. 1) Experimental protocol.

Le protocole expérimental a été réalisé sur un moteur du type turbo-diesel à injection directe électronique, en utilisant un filtre à particules en cordiérite.The experimental protocol was carried out on a turbo-diesel engine with direct electronic injection, using a cordierite particle filter.

La solution utilisée dans les essais est formulée à partir de glycérol pur à 90% pour obtenir une solution de travail contenant 50% en volume de glycérol dilué dans de l'eau déminéralisée.The solution used in the tests is formulated from 90% pure glycerol to obtain a working solution containing 50% by volume of glycerol diluted in demineralized water.

La figure 1 représente un schéma d'installation du dispositif ci-dessus.Figure 1 shows an installation diagram of the device above.

2) Résultats. 2) Results.

La figure 2 présente la comparaison, en termes de perte de charge sur le filtre, exprimée en bar, en fonction du temps pour un filtre n'ayant pas subi d'injection d'additif ou bien ayant subi une injection de glycérol. Pour un débit d'additif à travers le filtre de 300 ml/heure.Figure 2 shows the comparison, in terms of pressure drop on the filter, expressed in bar, as a function of time for a filter that has not been injected with an additive or has been injected with glycerol. For an additive flow through the filter of 300 ml / hour.

La figure 3 illustre les températures atteintes à l'entrée du filtre en fonction de l'ajout ou non des additifs en amont du filtre. La température maximale après addition de glycérol est inférieure à 400°C.FIG. 3 illustrates the temperatures reached at the inlet of the filter as a function of the addition or not of the additives upstream of the filter. The maximum temperature after addition of glycerol is less than 400 ° C.

La demanderesse a observé lors de ses études portant sur la régénération des filtres à particules, l'efficacité de certaines molécules de petite taille comportant de groupements hydroxyles. Le mécanisme d'action des ces molécules est probablement lié à leur structure chimique. Le principe de base consisterait en une libération de radicaux hydroxyles à froid, entraînant une baisse de la température nécessaire à la combustion spontanée des suies déposées sur les filtres. Cette libération à froid se produirait dès 300 °C ou 400 °C, alors que ce même radical ne se fabrique dans une flamme à hydrocarbures classique qu'au-dessus de 1000° C , et ne serait possible que pour des molécules du type polyol et comportant un groupement OH sur chaque atome de carbone. La température à laquelle se produit le phénomène dépend d'une part des conditions de la pression partielle d'oxygène régnant dans la conduite d'échappement, d'autre part du débit des suies. Ces deux paramètres sont des variables qui dépendent du fonctionnement du moteur, notamment de son régime et de sa charge.The applicant has observed during its studies on the regeneration of particle filters, the effectiveness of certain small molecules with hydroxyl groups. The mechanism of action of these molecules is probably related to their chemical structure. The basic principle would be a release of hydroxyl radicals in the cold, resulting in a drop in temperature necessary for the spontaneous combustion of the soot deposited on the filters. This cold release would occur from 300 ° C or 400 ° C, while the same radical is manufactured in a conventional hydrocarbon flame that above 1000 ° C, and would be possible only for molecules of the polyol type and having an OH group on each carbon atom. The temperature at which the phenomenon occurs depends on the one hand on the conditions of the oxygen partial pressure prevailing in the exhaust pipe, and on the other hand on the soot flow rate. These two parameters are variables that depend on the operation of the engine, including its speed and load.

Claims (9)

  1. Process for regeneration of a particle filter placed in the gas exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, consisting of burning particles retained in the filter emitted during combustion of fuel in the engine in the presence of an additive containing at least one molecule comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, the said molecule having a molecular weight of less than 100, characterised in that hydroxyl radicals are released when cold, reducing the temperature necessary for spontaneous combustion of particles retained in the said filter.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the combustion of particles retained in the said filter takes place at a temperature of less than 400°C.
  3. Process according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the molecule with a low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is an organic molecule composed of a ramified or non-ramified aliphatic chain with at least three carbon atoms.
  4. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the molecule with a low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is glycerol.
  5. Process according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the molecule with a low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is added into the fuel before the fuel enters the combustion chamber.
  6. Process according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the molecule with a low molecular weight and comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is added into the gas exhaust pipe on the upstream side of the particle filter.
  7. Process according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the added quantity of the molecule with a low molecular weight comprising two hydroxyl groups is between 30% and 100% by volume, and preferably between 45% and 55% by volume.
  8. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the organic molecule with a low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is added continuously.
  9. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the organic molecule with a low molecular weight comprising at least two hydroxyl groups is added intermittently during limited periods.
EP01940698A 2000-06-06 2001-06-06 Method for regenerating a particle filter and device therefor Expired - Lifetime EP1287096B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0007239A FR2809765B1 (en) 2000-06-06 2000-06-06 METHOD FOR REGENERATING A PARTICLE FILTER AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
FR0007239 2000-06-06
PCT/FR2001/001746 WO2001094503A1 (en) 2000-06-06 2001-06-06 Method for regenerating a particle filter and device therefor

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EP1287096A1 EP1287096A1 (en) 2003-03-05
EP1287096B1 true EP1287096B1 (en) 2006-03-08

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EP (1) EP1287096B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003536007A (en)
KR (1) KR100747884B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE319793T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001274201A1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2411755A1 (en)
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US7210286B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2007-05-01 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling fuel included within exhaust gases to facilitate regeneration of a particulate filter
US7441403B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-10-28 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for determining temperature set points in systems having particulate filters with regeneration capabilities
US7461504B2 (en) * 2004-12-21 2008-12-09 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling temperatures of exhaust gases emitted from internal combustion engine to facilitate regeneration of a particulate filter
US7434388B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2008-10-14 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for regeneration of a particulate filter
US20060130465A1 (en) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-22 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine
US7076945B2 (en) * 2004-12-22 2006-07-18 Detroit Diesel Corporation Method and system for controlling temperatures of exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine to facilitate regeneration of a particulate filter
FR2983902B1 (en) 2011-12-12 2015-04-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE COMBUSTION PROCESS OF POLLUTANT PARTICLES EMITTED BY A THERMAL MOTOR OF A VEHICLE
CN114352380B (en) * 2022-01-10 2022-12-02 岚士智能科技(上海)有限公司 Processing method and equipment of silicon carbide DPF

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EP1287096A1 (en) 2003-03-05
AU2001274201A1 (en) 2001-12-17
DE60117790D1 (en) 2006-05-04
KR20030022140A (en) 2003-03-15
CA2411755A1 (en) 2001-12-13
FR2809765B1 (en) 2002-10-18
US20030124031A1 (en) 2003-07-03
FR2809765A1 (en) 2001-12-07
DE60117790T2 (en) 2006-11-30
WO2001094503A1 (en) 2001-12-13
KR100747884B1 (en) 2007-08-08
JP2003536007A (en) 2003-12-02
ATE319793T1 (en) 2006-03-15
BR0111174A (en) 2003-04-15
ES2257415T3 (en) 2006-08-01

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