EP1263993A1

EP1263993A1 - Method for producing non grain-oriented electric sheets

Info

Publication number: EP1263993A1
Application number: EP01933708A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Karl Ernst Friedrich; Brigitte Hammer; Rudolf Kawalla; Olaf Fischer; Jürgen Schneider; Carl-Dieter Wuppermann
Original assignee: ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG
Current assignee: ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority date: 2000-03-16
Filing date: 2001-03-15
Publication date: 2002-12-11
Anticipated expiration: 2021-03-15
Also published as: US6767412B2; US20030188805A1; JP2003527483A; KR20030011794A; BR0109285A; ATE303454T1; EP1263993B1; MXPA02008528A; PL357413A1; WO2001068925A1; DE10015691C1; DE50107281D1; JP5265835B2; PL197691B1; KR100771253B1; AU2001260127A1; ES2248329T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing non-grain-oriented hot-rolled magnetic steel sheet in which from a raw material such as cast slabs, strip, roughed strip or thin slabs produced from a steel comprising (in weight %) C: 0.0001-0.05 %; Si: <=1.5 %; Al: <=0.5 %, wherein [% Si]+2[% Al]<=1.8; Mn: 0.1-1.2 %; if necessary up to a total of 1.5 % of alloying additions such as P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N, Ni, Co, Nb and/or B, with the remainder being iron and the usual impurities, in a finishing roll line at temperatures above the Ar1 temperature, a hot strip with a thickness <=1.5 mm is rolled, wherein at least the last forming pass of hot rolling is carried out in the mixed region austenite/ferrite and wherein the total deformation epsilH achieved during rolling in the mixed region austenite/ferrite is <35 %. With the method according to the invention, it is possible in particular to economically produce thicker magnetic steel sheet which is not grain-oriented and which has good magnetic properties.

Description

Process for the production of non-grain oriented electrical sheet

The invention relates to a method for producing non-grain-oriented electrical sheet. The term "non-grain-oriented electrical sheet" is understood here to mean electrical sheets falling under DIN EN 10106 ("final annealed electrical sheet") and DIN EN 10165 ("non-final annealed electrical sheet"). In addition, more anisotropic grades are included as long as they are not considered grain-oriented electrical sheets.

Non-grain-oriented electrical sheets in the thickness range of 0.65 to 1 mm are used, for example, in the manufacture of motors that are only switched on for short operating times. Such motors are typically used in the field of household technology or as auxiliary drives in motor vehicles. Such motors are said to deliver high performance, whereas energy consumption plays only a subordinate role.

A first method for producing non-grain-oriented hot-rolled electrical sheet is known from DE 198 07 122 AI. In the known method, a (in mass%) 0.001 to 0.1% C, 0.05 to 3.0% Si, to 0.85% Al, where% Si + 2A1 <3.0%, and 0 , 5 - 2.0% Mn and the remainder iron and usual impurities directly from the Pour heat or hot-rolled after reheating to a temperature of at least 900 ° C. In the course of hot rolling, two or more forming passes are specifically carried out in the two-phase area austenite / ferrite. In this way, if necessary, cold-rolled and finally treated electrical sheet can be produced which saves time and energy and which has improved magnetic properties compared to conventional sheets of this type.

In the conventional production of non-grain-oriented electrical sheet, as described, for example, in EP 0 897 993 A1, a slab or thin slab cast from a steel of a certain composition is usually pre-rolled to a preliminary strip. This support strip is then hot rolled in several passes. If necessary, the hot rolled strip is annealed. Then it is coiled. After the coiling, pickling and further annealing of the hot strip are usually carried out, which is finally cold-rolled to final thickness in one or more steps with intermediate annealing. If necessary, additional skin pass rolling is carried out. If the end processor requests this, the cold-rolled strip is finally annealed.

Instead of pre-rolling a pre-strip from a cast slab, thin slabs or directly inserted, cast pre-strips can also be used to produce electrical sheets. When using cast pre-strips, it is also possible to cast extremely thin strips, the dimensions of which Dimensions of the hot strip to be produced are approximated. By integrating the casting of such a pre-strip and the hot rolling of this strip into a continuous process, technological and cost advantages can be achieved.

The magnetic properties of the final product are affected by each of the individual processing steps involved in the manufacture. For this reason, for example, during hot rolling, the sequence and the condition of the structure present in the hot strip for each pass depending on the steel's conversion behavior determined by the steel composition, the temperature at the start of rolling and the cooling performed between the individual pass passes so that the desired magnetic Properties of the end product can be achieved. The properties of the end product are also determined by the annealing temperature, the coiling temperature and the deformations in the course of cold rolling.

The large number of manufacturing steps makes the production of electrical sheets technically complex and expensive. This proves to be disadvantageous, particularly in the case of larger sheet thicknesses.

The object of the invention is to provide a method with which, in particular, thicker, non-grain-oriented electrical sheets which have good magnetic properties can be produced inexpensively. This object is achieved by a process for producing non-grain-oriented hot-rolled electrical sheet, in which a starting material, such as cast slabs, strips, pre-strips or thin slabs, is made from a steel with (in% by weight)

0.0001 - 0.05%,

Si <1.5%, AI <0.5%, where [% Si] + 2 [% A1] <1.8, Mn 0.1-1.2%,

Remainder iron and usual impurities,

is produced, a hot strip with a thickness of <1.5 mm is rolled in a finishing mill at temperatures above the A ^ temperature, at least the last forming pass of the hot rolling being carried out in the austenite / ferrite mixing area and the whole during the rolling process Mixing area austenite / ferrite achieved shape change ε _H <35%. The steel used according to the invention can optionally contain up to a total of 1.5% of alloy additives, such as P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N, Ni, Co, Nb and / or B.

According to the invention, a strip cast from an austenite-forming steel is used from the casting heat and rolled into a hot strip. The rolling conditions during hot rolling are chosen so that the complete ferrite conversion is not completed by the end of the rolling. Instead, at least the last pass is carried out in the austenite / ferrite mixing area, while all other passes are rolled in austenite. By carrying out the production of the primary material and the hot rolling of the electrical sheet in a process according to the invention, non-grain-oriented electrical sheet strips can be produced whose thickness is so small that they can be delivered to the end user without being cold-rolled again to reduce the thickness. Particularly good results can be achieved with a method according to the invention if the starting material is produced as a cast thin slab or cast strip and the hot rolling continuously follows the production of the starting material. For example, hot strips, which are produced in the manner according to the invention from a primary material produced on a casting and rolling mill and continuously processed, have excellent properties.

It has been shown that, if the operating conditions provided according to the invention are observed, hot-rolled non-grain-oriented electrical sheets can be produced which are at least equal in their properties to those electrical sheets which have been cold-rolled in a conventional manner after hot strip production. The method according to the invention consequently makes it possible to produce high-quality electrical sheets with good magnetic properties at low cost, while saving costly and time-consuming work steps which have always been considered necessary in the prior art.

Usually, the hot-rolled strip that has been hot-rolled and, if necessary, cooled is coiled. The reel temperature is preferably at least 700 ° C. Experience has shown that compliance with this A hot strip annealing can be saved completely or at least in part. The hot strip is in fact already softened in the coil, whereby the characteristics determining its properties, such as grain size, texture and precipitations, are positively influenced. In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the strip is subjected to passive annealing using the coil heat. Such an annealing, carried out from the coil heat "in-line", of the hot strip coiled at high temperature and not significantly cooled in the coil can completely replace a hot strip hood annealing which might otherwise be necessary. This way, annealed hot strips with particularly good magnetic and technological properties can be produced. The time and energy required for this is considerably less than with the hot strip annealing conventionally carried out to improve the properties of electrical sheet.

As an alternative or in addition to the "passive" annealing in the coil, if the properties to be adjusted make this necessary, the strip can be annealed after the reeling. Regardless of the form in which the hot strip annealing is carried out, it can be advantageous to carry out the annealing in a conventional manner under an oxygen-reduced atmosphere.

According to another embodiment of the invention which is particularly suitable for processing a steel with an Si content of at least 0.7% by weight, the hot strip is rolled after rolling in the finishing season at a coiling temperature of less than 600 ° C, especially less than 550 ° C, coiled. Coiling at these temperatures leads to a solidified hot-strip state in the alloys concerned. Further improvements in the properties of such coiled and alloyed electrical sheets can be achieved in that the coiled hot strip is cooled immediately after coiling in the coil.

Practical tests have shown that hot-rolled electrical steel strip with particularly good properties can be produced if the focus of the deformation during hot rolling is clearly in the austenite area. A further embodiment of the invention, which takes this result into account, is therefore characterized in that the shape change ε _h achieved in the course of rolling in the austenite / ferrite mixing area is limited to 10% - 15%.

Regardless of how much the hot strip is deformed in the mixing area γ / α, a suitable choice of the ratio of the degree of deformation and the speed of deformation, i.e. Utilization of the heat generated during the forming process, optimum temperature control in the sense of avoiding cooling of the rolling stock and thus complete conversion to ferrite can be avoided.

In this context, the “overall shape change ε _h ” is understood to mean the ratio of the decrease in thickness during rolling in the respective phase area to the thickness of the strip when it enters the relevant phase area. According to this definition, a hot strip produced according to the invention has a thickness h _0, for example after rolling in the austenite area. In the course of subsequent rolling in the two-phase mixing area, the thickness of the hot strip is reduced to h_. By definition, this results in the overall change in shape ε _h to (h ₀ - h_) I h ₀ with h ₀ = thickness when entering the first mill stand passed through in the austenite / ferrite mixed state and _ = thickness when leaving the last one in the mixed state continuous rolling stand.

To improve the quality of the strip surface and further processability, it is advantageous if the hot strip is pickled after coiling.

If the end user requests a final annealed electrical sheet, it is advisable to anneal the hot strip to a final annealed electrical steel after pickling at an annealing temperature of at least 740 ° C. If, on the other hand, the final annealing after pickling is carried out at a lower annealing temperature of at least 650 ° C., a non-final annealed electrical steel strip is obtained which, if necessary, can be subjected to a final annealing at the end user. Depending on the characteristics of the respective alloy, the desired properties of the electrical sheet and the facilities available, both annealing treatments can be carried out either in the hood furnace or in the continuous furnace.

A further improvement in the processability of the electrical hot strip produced and delivered according to the invention can be achieved in that the pickled hot strip is rolled smooth with a degree of deformation of up to 3%. With this rolling there are bumps of the strip surface is smoothed, without there being any appreciable influence on the structural state produced in the course of hot rolling.

As an alternative or in addition to a pure smoothing stitch of the type explained above, the dimensional stability and surface quality of the hot-rolled strip produced according to the invention can be further improved by the fact that the pickled hot strip is skin-pass rolled with a degree of deformation of more than 3% to 15%. This re-rolling also does not lead to structural changes which would be comparable to the changes which are usually brought about in a targeted manner in cold rolling because of the high degrees of deformation achieved in the process.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hot rolling takes place in the mixing area with lubrication. Hot rolling with lubrication results in less shear deformation on the one hand, so that the rolled strip as a result obtains a more homogeneous structure across the cross section. On the other hand, the rolling forces are reduced by the lubrication, so that a greater reduction in thickness is possible over the respective rolling pass.

The final thickness of the hot strip is preferably 0.65 mm to 1 mm. There is a high demand for strips of this thickness which are produced inexpensively and can therefore be marketed at low cost.

The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for processing such steels which have a Si content of at most 1% by weight. Have such steels a pronounced austenite phase, so that the transition from the austenite phase to the austenite / ferrite mixed phase can be controlled particularly precisely.

If the carbon content of the steel is more than 0.005% by weight, it is expedient for the hot strip to be decarburized prior to assembly and delivery.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments:

"J2500", "J5000" and "J10000" in the following denote the magnetic polarization at magnetic field strengths of 2500 A / m, 5000 A / m and 10000 A / m.

Under "P 1.0" or "P 1.5" the

Reverse magnetization loss understood with a polarization of 1.0 T or 1.5 T and a frequency of 50 Hz.

The magnetic properties given in the tables below were measured on individual strips along the rolling direction.

In Table 1, the contents of the alloy constituents essential for the properties are given in% by weight for two steels used for the production of electrical sheet according to the invention.

Table 1 In a casting and rolling plant, melts formed in accordance with the compositions given in Table 1 were continuously cast to a preliminary strip, which was also continuously fed into a hot rolling mill comprising several roll stands.

Tables 2a - 2c show the magnetic properties J ₂₅₀₀ , J _5ooo / ^J _ιoooo > ^p _ι , _o and P ₁₅ for three electrical sheets AI - A3 and Bl - B3 produced from steels A and B, respectively. When hot-rolling these electrical sheets AI - A3 and Bl - B3, the focus of the deformation was placed in the area in which the respective strip was in the austenitic state. In the mixed area austenite / ferrite, however, only one roll pass was carried out. The total deformation ε _{H achieved} was less than 35%, in particular 30%.

Following the rolling, the hot strips were coiled at a reel temperature of 750 ° C.

Table 2a

Table 2b

Table 2c

In the case of examples AI, B1 (Table 2a), the hot strips have been assembled directly into commercially available electrical sheets after cooling and have been delivered to the end user. In the case of Examples A2, B2 (Table 2b), the hot strips are pickled before they are delivered to the end user and additionally subjected to a smoothing stitch. With this smoothing stitch, a deformation ε _H of at most 3% has been achieved. The strips A3, B3 (Table 2c) were each passaged before they were delivered after pickling.

Comparative studies which were carried out on 1 mm thick electrical sheets produced by the process according to the invention and electrical sheets which had been hot-rolled and cold-rolled in a conventional manner show that the achievable values of the magnetic polarization and the achievable values of the specific magnetization loss of those produced according to the invention Electrical sheets in narrow areas match those values that could be determined for the properties in question on conventionally produced electrical sheets.

In diagram 1, the respective course of the magnetic polarization over the magnetic field strength has been plotted logarithmically for three electrical sheets a, b, c and one sheet d produced in a conventional manner. Sheet a was used directly, sheet b was smoothed and sheet c was tempered. In diagram 2, the respective course of the specific magnetic loss over the magnetic polarization has been plotted logarithmically for the three electrical sheets a, b, c and the sheet d produced in a conventional manner.

It can easily be seen that the properties of the sheets a, b, c produced according to the invention differ only slightly from the properties of the conventionally produced electrical sheet. This shows that with the optimization of the rolling strategy chosen in hot rolling according to the invention, high-quality, marketable electrical sheets can be produced while saving on expensive cold rolling.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A method for producing non-grain-oriented hot-rolled electrical sheet, in which a starting material, such as cast slabs, strips, pre-strips or thin slabs, consists of a steel with (in% by weight)

C: 0, 0001 - 0.05%,

Si: <1.5%,

AI: <0.5%, where [% Si] + 2 [% A1] <1.8,

Mn: 0.1-1.2%,

Remainder iron and usual impurities,

is produced, a hot strip with a thickness of <1.5 mm is rolled in a finishing mill at temperatures above the A ^ temperature, at least the last forming pass of the hot rolling being carried out in the austenite / ferrite mixing area and the whole during the rolling process Mixing area austenite / ferrite achieved shape change ε _H <35%.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel contains up to a total of 1.5% of alloy additives such as P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N, Ni, Co, Nb and / or B.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the primary material is produced as a cast thin slab or cast strip and that the hot rolling continuously follows the production of the primary material.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that a ß hot strip is coiled.

5. The method of claim 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a ß the reel temperature is at least 700 ° C.

6. The method of claim 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the hot strip is subjected to a passive annealing using the coil heat.

7. The method of claim 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the hot strip is annealed following the coiling.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that ß the hot strip annealing is carried out under an oxygen-reduced atmosphere.

9. The method of claim 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the reel temperature is <600 ° C.

10. The method according to claim 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the coiled hot strip is cooled immediately after coiling in the coil.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ß the total shape change ε _H during rolling in the austenite / ferrite mixing area is 10% - 15%.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the hot strip is pickled after coiling.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that the heat strip is annealed to a final annealed electrical steel strip at an annealing temperature of at least 740 ° C.

14. The method according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that ß the hot strip is annealed at an annealing temperature of at least 650 ° C to a non-final annealed electrical steel strip.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the annealing is carried out in the hood furnace.

16. The method according to claim 13 or 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the annealing is carried out in a continuous furnace.

17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the hot strip is assembled and delivered without being cold-rolled.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the hot strip is smooth rolled with a degree of deformation of <3%.

19. The method of claim 18, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the smooth rolled strip is assembled and delivered.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the hot strip is skin-pass rolled with a degree of deformation of> 3% - 15%.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that ß the trained band is assembled and delivered.

22. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the final thickness of the hot strip is 0.65 to 1 mm.

23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the hot rolling takes place in the mixing area with lubrication

24. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the Si content of the steel is at most 1% by weight,

25. The method according to any one of claims 17, 19 or 21, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the C content of the steel is more than 0.005% by weight and that the hot strip is decarburized before it is assembled and delivered.