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EP1121232B1 - Method and apparatus for manufacturing wall elements - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for manufacturing wall elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1121232B1
EP1121232B1 EP99953794A EP99953794A EP1121232B1 EP 1121232 B1 EP1121232 B1 EP 1121232B1 EP 99953794 A EP99953794 A EP 99953794A EP 99953794 A EP99953794 A EP 99953794A EP 1121232 B1 EP1121232 B1 EP 1121232B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
elements
wall element
area
wall elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99953794A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1121232A1 (en
Inventor
Edmond D. Krecke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KRECKE, EDMOND DOMINIQUE
Original Assignee
Krecke Edmond Dominique
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Publication of EP1121232A1 publication Critical patent/EP1121232A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/003Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to insulating material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/08Moulds provided with means for tilting or inverting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/24Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces, e.g. moulds divided into multiple moulding spaces by integratable partitions, mould part structures providing a number of moulding spaces in mutual co-operation
    • B28B7/241Detachable assemblies of mould parts providing only in mutual co-operation a number of complete moulding spaces
    • B28B7/243Detachable assemblies of mould parts providing only in mutual co-operation a number of complete moulding spaces for making plates, panels or similar sheet- or disc-shaped objects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of large-wall elements, which contain at least two layers - an outer layer and a support or intermediate layer - and internals and are intended as structural elements of buildings, especially low-energy buildings, also to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a corresponding device is described for example in WO 96/24476. It is a horizontal table on which the wall elements are made. Whereby usually a formwork or a tundish is arranged, in which a wall element can be produced. On the surface of these tables usually have due to their large format, the wall elements in question may have a length of up to 20 m and more, only one wall element space.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and an apparatus that significantly reduces the manufacturing or cost of wall elements.
  • a designed as a large angle pivot table is provided, one leg inner side is used to build a stack of wall elements.
  • the stack leans against the inside of the other leg and is closed by a lid and pressed together.
  • the swivel table By turning the swivel table by 90 °, the previously horizontal wall elements are placed vertically and the interspaces with Concrete filled, which results in hardening of the concrete a variety of juxtaposed large wall elements that can be used for the outer and inner walls and ceilings of buildings.
  • the pivoting table is rotatably mounted on a holding device.
  • the rotatable suspension or storage takes place substantially in the center of gravity of the tilting table. Unintentional torques which lead to destabilization of the tilting table and therefore have to be compensated can be avoided in this way.
  • allows such center of gravity storage that the tilting device can be brought into different tilted positions without much effort. It requires so far only a comparatively low-power pivoting device, so that despite the high loads and turning by hand is possible.
  • a manual operation is especially for the case providable, in which a defect of a motor-controlled pivoting device occurs.
  • a plurality of wall elements are manufactured in a stack one above the other on the mounting surface, so that each previously manufactured wall element serves as a working surface for the production of a subsequent wall element.
  • the working height for the persons working on it changes in each case during the construction of the wall elements.
  • a lifting device has preferably been arranged on the pivoting table, by means of which a lifting and lowering, but also holding in a definable height is possible.
  • the rotated wall element in a pit which will be described below, are drained and the filling of the wall element with concrete directly from the outlet of concrete mixing vehicles are affected without causing any pumps must be used.
  • the lifting device attacks in the center of gravity of the pivoting table, whereby the occurrence of lateral forces is also avoided here.
  • the device according to the invention additionally comprises the already mentioned pit area for admitting the storage device.
  • the pit area essentially serves for lowering the pivoting table during the production of the wall element stacks. Due to the possibility of lowering an adjustment of the tilting table to the working height is possible in a simple manner, without having to be used for this adaptation safety problematic scaffolding structures.
  • the pivoting of the pivoting table takes place at least in part within the pit. Whereby the dangers that occur when tilting the loaded bearing surfaces, e.g. for the persons involved in the wall element production, can be significantly reduced. As a result, as is obvious to one skilled in the art, this also saves space in the production of the wall elements, since larger areas to be shut off during the tilting operation are no longer needed.
  • the pit width can be limited to almost a surface diagonal of a lateral end surface of the tilting table.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises a special, on the size of the manufactured wall elements aligned counter bearing, which is preferably attached to the bottom of the pit area.
  • double T-beams which extend over the entire length of the wall elements and which in the device according to the invention have a deviation in the vertical substantially below 9 mm, have proven useful for this counter bearing.
  • the carrier is arranged at the angle of the swivel table, the other center and the third at the end of the construction area.
  • bearing surfaces of preferably up to 22 m are used, so that a high degree of flexibility in the production of long wall elements is given.
  • the pivot table consists essentially of three carrier profiles which are in communication with each other.
  • a basic element of the swing table is essentially a rigidly welded to a right angle support profile, on the free legs for extending reinforced profiles can be fastened.
  • the extended legs serve as a support surface for the wall elements to be produced.
  • the tilting table in the disassembled or unassembled state can accordingly be easily sown and transported in a conventional OPEN-TOP container.
  • the carrier profiles used provide sufficient stability to carry even the heaviest loads.
  • a capping device which is attachable to the pivoting table and which allows a press connection between one or more, stacked on the construction surface wall elements with the pivoting table.
  • a press connection serves the lateral support of the formwork of the wall elements, the Fill the concrete into the vertical wall elements.
  • the formwork is produced has been shown in practice that a substantially optimal planarity of the wall elements can then be ensured if the cover device is equipped for a contact pressure of about 1.5 t / m 2 .
  • the swivel table makes it possible to produce the walls of a single-family home in one or two batches.
  • This considerable mass of the concrete makes it possible to avoid the usual steam hardening of concrete in the manufacture of individual wall elements, because the released during curing heat is sufficient to reach the desired elevated temperature of the hardening concrete mass.
  • the wall elements for the outer walls of the building with its strong thermal barrier coating on the bottom or top of the stack, thus avoiding heat loss to the side (when pouring the walls of the stack is 90 ° turned).
  • thermal barrier coatings are used as formwork for the concrete core of the large wall elements, and this succeeds in that suitable spacers made of concrete webs are available, which hold these layers as formwork walls at the correct distance from each other.
  • the compressive strength of thermal barrier coatings is not very large, which is why the spacers should have a large bearing surface on their contact side to the thermal barrier coatings. This is achieved by dumbbell-shaped spacers, as described by EP 0 299 353.
  • a critical point in buildings is the connection of the walls or ceilings representing large wall elements with each other.
  • a miter and beyond a clutch space each consisting of a longitudinally extending recess in the miter and protrude in which coupling space Arm michsschleifen forming an eyelet in this coupling space through which a coupling rod made of structural steel are inserted can connect to the adjacent walls or ceilings.
  • the coupling space is poured in the manufacture of the building with concrete, so that the reinforcement of a large wall element continues via the coupling space in the reinforcement of the other large wall element.
  • the invention also has to do with making these coupling spaces and the reinforcing loops extending thereinto.
  • connection via a butt joint ie the narrow side of a wall element adjacent to the broad side of another wall element and must be permanently connected to this.
  • a Clutch cavity provided with concrete, in which Arm michsschleifen are coupled by a cross bar with each other.
  • the Arm michsschleifen be folded on the broad side of the wall element in the plane of the wall element, ie it Arm michsbügel be used with bent loops or eyelets in the manufacture of the wall elements, and these cranks are bent up when building the building again in that the loops or eyelets protrude from the plane of the broad sides of the wall elements and can be coupled with the reinforcing loops on the narrow side of the adjacent wall elements by cross-sticking a rod.
  • a pivoting table 1 is shown, which is composed of a series of welded-together profiled beams 2, on the legs of cover plates to form bearing surfaces 3 and 4 are welded.
  • the turntable 1 includes a fixed end wall 5 and a further end wall 6, which can be mounted parallel to the end wall 5 in the foreground of the tilting table.
  • a cover wall 7 is still provided, so that with the wall elements 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, a box can be formed, the side 8 is open.
  • the swing table includes in Fig. 1, not shown hydraulic cylinder, so that it can take up substantially in two positions, namely the setup position shown in Fig. 1, in which the mounting surface to be designated bearing surface 3 is horizontal and a casting and Wandelementstützwolf (Fig 5), in which the bearing surface 4 are aligned horizontally and the surface 3 vertically.
  • the swing table 1 may also include hydraulic lifting and lowering devices to adjust the working height in the construction of the large wall element stack 10 shown in FIG.
  • a height-adjustable work platform may be provided to facilitate the construction of the stack 10 for the workers.
  • a rigid foam plate is placed as the outer layer 11 of the lowermost wall element on the mounting surface 3, the respective narrow sides of the plate resting against the surfaces 4 and 5. If the wall element to be produced is smaller than the length of the table 1, a plurality of foam boards to form the outer layers 11 of a plurality of wall elements are juxtaposed accordingly.
  • the foam sheet layer 11 may have one or more recesses into which placeholders and / or guards for elements of windows, doors or other openings are inserted and which also project into an overlying intermediate layer 12.
  • the intermediate layer 12 will receive the concrete filling and is therefore also referred to as a base course. Beforehand, fixtures will be housed there. Such internals contain a reinforcement 14 (FIG.
  • the internals also include spacers 17, which determine the thickness of the intermediate layer 12. Dumbbell-shaped shapes with flanged or disc-shaped ends 18 and a shaft or web-shaped connecting part 19 are preferred. These spacers 17 are placed in gaps of the reinforcement 14 with the interposition of a binder on the relevant rigid foam plate 11 and form a grid that leaves enough space between the webs 19 to accommodate the other internals 15, 16.
  • the intermediate layer 12 is closed at the top by a covering layer 13 and laterally by an elongate formwork element, which serves to produce the matching connection surface of the respective wall element.
  • the formwork is formed by a shuttering tube 21, which has a series of transverse slots 22 and welded longitudinal ribs 2 3, to install the shuttering tube 21 in the correct angular position to the layer 12.
  • the formwork tube 21 shown in Fig. 3 is to produce a miter on the narrow side of the Intermediate layer 12 aligned.
  • the formwork also has a centering rod 24 with a closure lid 25 and stop beards 26, which are welded at regular intervals along the rod 24.
  • the stop bars 26 are used together with the transverse slots 22 for alignment of Anschlußarm isten, which are designed here as a mild steel bow 27.
  • the bracket 27 have hooks 28 and form in the region of the tube 21 each eyelets 29. After passing through the bracket 27 through the transverse slots 22, these are closed by adhesive tape to prevent the ingress of concrete. It is a series of such bracket 27 to be mounted along the narrow side of a wall element to be produced, and it is possible that the formwork for the separation of the narrow sides of two adjacent plates is used in the same layer, so that the brackets 27 are similar brackets from the other side and overlap with their eyelets. Despite this fact, it is possible to mount or remove the centering rod 24 in a kind of screwing, wherein the centering rod 24 is rotated in each case by 180 ° and then moved axially a piece.
  • a bow-shaped reinforcing member 30 is shown, which extends in the position of the table of FIG. 5 above the outline of a wall element and is used as a lifting lug 30 for lifting a finished wall element after casting and curing thereof. At least two such lifting lugs 30 per wall element to be produced are provided, which are arranged equidistant from the calculated line of gravity of the wall element. In this way it is possible to tilt a finished wall element with the help of a Lifting or lowering a stringer maneuvered by a crane.
  • Fig. 4 shows another loop or bow-shaped reinforcing member in the form of a steel bracket 31, the end hook 32 and a cranked eyelet 33 includes.
  • the hooks are suspended in reinforcements 14, so that the bent eyelet 33 comes to rest in a cover layer 13.
  • the cover layer 13 consists for example of a wood fiber plate (Heraclit plate), which covered the intermediate layer 12 and has a recess 34 to receive the bent eyelet 33.
  • bent stirrups 31 are arranged along a line, to which later a transverse wall is to join.
  • the bent eyelets 33 are bent when erecting the building with a lever rod and then protrude beyond the surface of the layer 13, so that a reinforcing rod can be inserted through these bent eyelets 33 and the eyelets 29 of the transverse wall to give a Arm michsverbund, the poured with concrete to close the gaps between the two intersecting walls.
  • the layers 11, 12 and 13 belong to a wall element layer 41, the possible structure of which has been described.
  • On the layer 41 is then - optionally using a release film - built another layer 42 for one or more large-wall elements to be produced, and in this way is continued with further layers 43 to 48.
  • thick rigid foam panels are used as outer layer, ie these walls serve as outer walls, while the layers 45 to 48 are intended for the production of partitions.
  • All wall element walls may include openings for window or door openings filled by a rigid foam filler and / or protective elements for windows or doors. It is understood that one can use whole windows or even frame members and the like, which are supported and protected by the rigid foam during the casting of the concrete. If, as shown in Fig.
  • the top layer is not complete, there is a space filler used to complete the stack.
  • the stacking shown with the outer walls below and the partitions of the building above is not mandatory, but you will often arrange the layers 43 and 44 up in the stack to exploit the better thermal insulation properties of the foam panels for the outer walls against heat loss during casting of the wall elements.
  • the same purpose may be used in Zwickelform Hartschaumstoffplatzheller, which form parts of the circuit to complete wall elements with complete miter to flat cuboids.
  • the layer 11 has been formed in contrast to the layer 12 without Miter bevel, d. H. in the collision of two wall elements on a corner of the building there is a gap that is filled by a corresponding piece of rigid foam.
  • the omission of the rigid foam gusset on the narrow side of outer walls has the advantage that the construction of the stack is facilitated on the pivoting table. But you can also apply a continuous Miter slope on the wall elements, but then must use a supplementary angle as Platz Stahl satiner to obtain layers with vertical end faces, each representing a flat cuboid.
  • the table After compressing the wall elements of the stack 10, the table is rotated 90 ° and brought into the casting position, as shown in Fig. 5. Then concrete is poured into the box, as indicated by a tube 55. The concrete flows into the gaps or interstices of the now standing wall element layers 41-48 and fills them, which can promote the escape of air bubbles by shaking the table. If the concrete has set after a certain time, the cover 7 is removed, after which the individual large wall elements are transported away by means of a support beam and a crane, with a rope passes through the lifting lugs 30 to lift the individual wall elements symmetrically. The wall elements can be lowered in the same way without tilting millimeter precision, which is in the construction of a building of great importance.
  • FIG. 6 a side view of a device according to the invention is shown, in which the pivoting table 1 in a pit area 71 and a holding device 65 is rotatably suspended.
  • the working area 72 ie the area from which persons on the working surface of the tilting table stacking wall elements produce, depending on the requirement left or right above the pit. It is understood that a corresponding suspension for the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 is provided on both end sides of the pivoting table.
  • the turntable 1 itself consists of two bearing surfaces 3 and 4, which are arranged at a right angle.
  • the basic element 2a of the tilting table 1 consists of two mutually rigidly welded profile carriers, such that they form a right angle.
  • bearing surfaces .3, 4 are formed. Both bearing surfaces 3, 4 are substantially the same size and can be used depending on the position, ie in the horizontal or vertical, either as a mounting surface 3 or wall support surface 4, whereby from the perspective of the end face of the device shown both a laying of the wall elements from the right from the left is possible.
  • the described pivoting table 1 is frontally shown in FIG. 1 on a telescopic piston 63 which is guided within a guide shaft 62, rotatably suspended and stored.
  • the storage on profile struts 65 acts on the rectangular element 2a of the pivoting table 1, to secure the storage static in this way.
  • the attached at the front and back face plates 5 (Fig.1.)
  • this embodiment also have welded profiles for reinforcement.
  • the pivoting table and in particular the respective working surface in defined and for the stacking of wall elements expediently in its height adaptable. Ie. for the persons working on the swivel table 1 that the working height can be set in a predefinable manner with increasing wall element stack on the work surface.
  • the new work surface is in this case by determines the top of the previously manufactured wall element. As a substantially optimal working height, a height of 0.9m has resulted.
  • the mounting of the pivoting table device 67 on the telescopic piston 63 Hubvorrichcung invention is such that the suspension of the pivoting table 1 takes place substantially at the center of gravity 64 and thus the load of the pivot table substantially on the lifting device 68 comes into play and lateral forces due to unintentional torques , essentially not occur.
  • the guide shaft 62 is shown in FIG. 6 part of a holding device 60 of a plurality of mutually braced support struts 61 through which the guide shaft 62 is statically secured.
  • a pivoting device 67 for turning the swing table for example, in the casting position, refer.
  • This consists among other things of a semicircular pivot member 69 which is fixed to the front side of the pivot table and whose center is the bearing in the center of gravity 64 on the telescopic piston 63.
  • On the pivoting element 69 engages on one side a hydraulic pivoting piston 68a, which is guided by the pivoting element 69 in the context of a lifting movement, that is, in a stretching or contraction of the cylinder.
  • the engagement point 66 of the cylinder 68a on the pivot member 69 passes through one or a part of a circular path, which is predetermined by the radius of the pivot member 69, whereby the attached to the pivot member 69 pivoting table 1 is rotated about the gravity bearing 64.
  • the turning or pivoting of the turntable 1 to the Schwemmddling 64 has in particular the advantage that, even if heavy loads are placed on the pivot table, no complex hydraulics for turning the swing table needed is because essentially no unwanted torques must be intercepted and even under certain circumstances, a manual turning of the bearing surfaces is possible.
  • FIG. 6 includes an abutment 70 of three parallel arranged double TTrägern, which in the present case, the bearing surface 3 counteract as a working surface.
  • the double T-beams 70 are arranged so precisely that they have only a vertical deviation of 9 mm over a length of 24 m. This deviation is well within the tolerances to be considered in the manufacture of buildings.
  • the counter-bearing is used in particular when the new, cast with concrete and located in an upright position wall elements must be stored and supported at rest during the desiccation process to prevent warping of the wall elements.
  • the arrangement of the T-beam is such that always one of the T-beam along the right angle of the pivot table is the second at the interface between the rectangular profile 2a and the leg extension 2b and the last T-beam at the end of the support surface or Structural surface 3.
  • FIG. 7 likewise shows a side view of the embodiment already described above, with different tilting positions 1a to 1d of the swiveling table 1 also being shown in FIG.
  • the turntable 1 makes a counterclockwise rotation within the pit, so that the working surface 3 originally located in the horizontal is in the vertical after rotation.
  • the pivoting device in a predefinable manner, not only the bearing surfaces by 90 ° can tilt, but that the pivoting table by means of the pivoting device is able to take different Kippwolfen.
  • This rotational movement can, as shown in Fig. 7 and as already mentioned, take place wholly in one part of the pit area.
  • the pit area 71 of the present embodiment has a width of 5.3 m and a depth of 3.1 m.
  • the possibility of lowering the wall elements manufactured on the tilting table has the advantage that the tilted in the upright position wall elements can be discharged before filling with concrete in the pit area 71 and the concrete directly from a conventional concrete mixer or the same without the use can be introduced by pumps in the Wandianoverschalung.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 Not shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is a cover device (FIGS. 2, 7) which holds the wall elements applied to the work surface via a press connection with the working surface of the swivel table.
  • this is necessary to pile on the work surface applied wall elements during the turning of the pivoting table or the work surface from the horizontal to the vertical, and on the other to support when filling the wall elements in the vertical with concrete, the formwork of the wall elements on which a very high pressure is exerted by the concrete ,
  • the lid should withstand a pressure of approx. 1.5t m 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

A plurality of large wall elements for outer and inner walls and for roofs in buildings is piled up in the form of a stack (10) on a tilting table (1) and said tilting table (1) is rotated 90° with the purpose of gaining access from the top down to the narrow sides of the panels to be produced to fill the intermediate spaces (12) of the panel elements with concrete from the top. After hardening, the panels may be transported in vertical position.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Großwandelementen, die wenigstens zwei Schichten - eine Außenschicht und eine Trag- oder Zwischenschicht - und Einbauten enthalten und als Konstruktionselemente von Gebäuden, insbesondere Niedrigenergiehäusern, dienen sollen, ferner auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for the production of large-wall elements, which contain at least two layers - an outer layer and a support or intermediate layer - and internals and are intended as structural elements of buildings, especially low-energy buildings, also to an apparatus for performing the method.

Es sind Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Herstellen von Wandelementen für Gebäude bekannt. Eine entsprechende Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise in der WO 96/24476 beschrieben. Es handelt sich um einen in der Waagrechten festgelegten Tisch, auf dem die Wandelemente gefertigt werden. Wobei darauf in der Regel eine Verschalung oder eine Gießwanne angeordnet ist, in der ein Wandelement hergestellt werden kann. Auf der Fläche dieser Tische haben in der Regel aufgrund ihrer großen Formatigkeit, die betreffenden Wandelemente können eine Länge von bis zu 20 m und mehr aufweisen, nur jeweils ein Wandelement Platz. Wenn jedoch, wie dies nach dem Stand der Technik geschieht, nicht nur die Schalungselemente für sich in der Horizontalen gefertigt werden, sondern auch ihr Betonkern bzw. der Betonteil des Wandelements, so ist eine rationelle Fertigung der Wandelemente nur dann möglich, wenn mehrere Fertigungstische zur Herstellung verwendet werden, um insbesondere den Arbeitsgang des Aufbaus eines Schalungselements und das Abbinden des Betons zu entkoppeln. Aufgrund der bereits erwähnten großen Ausmaße der Wandelemente ist vor allem die Massenproduktion von standardisierten Wandelementen mit der Bereitstellung sehr großer Fertigungshallen verbunden. Wodurch die Fertigungskosten nicht unbeträchtlich erhöht werden. Auch tritt das Problem auf, daß im Rahmen des Fertigungsprozesses die Wandelemente beim Entschalen vielfach geschädigt werden, wodurch umfangreiche Nacharbeiten erforderlich sind, die ebenfalls die Produktionskosten erhöhen. Darüber hinaus erweist es sich bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen als schwierig, das hergestellte Wandelement ohne Beschädigung auf einen geeigneten Transporter zu verladen. Diese Schwierigkeit ist unter anderem darin begründet, daß nach Betonzugabe die gefertigten Wandelemente über ein derart hohes Gewicht verfügen, daß nur eine sehr aufwendige Hebetechnik in der Lage ist, die Wandelemente schadlos aus der Horizontalen zu hieven.Methods and devices for producing wall elements for buildings are known. A corresponding device is described for example in WO 96/24476. It is a horizontal table on which the wall elements are made. Whereby usually a formwork or a tundish is arranged, in which a wall element can be produced. On the surface of these tables usually have due to their large format, the wall elements in question may have a length of up to 20 m and more, only one wall element space. However, if, as happens in the prior art, not only the formwork elements are made in the horizontal, but also their concrete core or the concrete part of the wall element, a rational production of the wall elements is only possible if several production tables for In particular, the manufacturing process to be used for the construction of a formwork element and the setting of the concrete decouple. Due to the already mentioned large dimensions of the wall elements, especially the mass production of standardized wall elements is associated with the provision of very large production halls. As a result, the production costs are not increased inconsiderably. Also, the problem arises that in the manufacturing process, the wall elements are often damaged during demoulding, which extensive rework is required, which also increase the cost of production. In addition, it turns out in the known devices difficult to load the wall element produced without damage to a suitable transporter. This difficulty is due, inter alia, to the fact that after concrete addition, the manufactured wall elements have such a high weight that only a very expensive lifting technology is able to hoist the wall elements harmless from the horizontal.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, die den Fertigungs- bzw. Kostenaufwand für Wandelemente wesentlich verringert.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and an apparatus that significantly reduces the manufacturing or cost of wall elements.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt auf höchst überraschende Weise durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. bzw.10. Vorteilhafte und bevorzugte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The solution of this problem is carried out in a highly surprising manner by the features of claim 1. bzw.10. Advantageous and preferred developments are subject of the dependent claims.

Im einzelnen ist ein als großer Winkel ausgebildeter Schwenktisch vorgesehen, dessen eine Schenkelinnenseite zum Aufbau eines Stapels aus Wandelementen benutzt wird. Der Stapel lehnt sich an der Innenseite des anderen Schenkels an und wird durch einen Deckel abgeschlossen und zusammengepreßt. Durch Drehen des Schwenktischs um 90° werden die zuvor waagrecht liegenden Wandelemente senkrecht gestellt und die Zwischenräume mit Beton verfüllt, wodurch sich nach Erhärten des Betons eine Vielzahl von nebeneinander stehenden Großwandelementen ergibt, die für die Außen- und Innenwände sowie für Decken von Gebäuden genutzt werden können.In particular, a designed as a large angle pivot table is provided, one leg inner side is used to build a stack of wall elements. The stack leans against the inside of the other leg and is closed by a lid and pressed together. By turning the swivel table by 90 °, the previously horizontal wall elements are placed vertically and the interspaces with Concrete filled, which results in hardening of the concrete a variety of juxtaposed large wall elements that can be used for the outer and inner walls and ceilings of buildings.

Bei der Vorrichtung gemäss der Erfindung ist der Schwenktisch an einer Haltevorrichtung drehbar befestigt. Zur Durchführung der Kippbewegung mit Bezug auf die Auflagefläche erfolgt die drehbare Aufhängung bzw. Lagerung im wesentlichen im Schwerpunkt des Schwenktisches Ungewollte Drehmomente, die zu einer Destabilisierung des Schwenktisches führen und daher kompensiert werden müssen, können auf diese Weise vermieden werden. Daneben ermöglicht eine derartige Schwerpunktslagerung, daß die Kippvorrichtung ohne größeren Kraftaufwand in verschiedene Kippstellungen gebracht werden kann. Es bedarf insofern nur einer vergleichsweise leistungsschwachen Schwenkeinrichtung, so daß trotz der hohen Lasten auch ein Drehen per Hand möglich ist. Eine manuelle Betätigung ist insbesondere für den Fall vorsehbar, in dem ein Defekt einer motorgesteuerten Schwenkeinrichtung auftritt.In the device according to the invention, the pivoting table is rotatably mounted on a holding device. To carry out the tilting movement with respect to the support surface, the rotatable suspension or storage takes place substantially in the center of gravity of the tilting table. Unintentional torques which lead to destabilization of the tilting table and therefore have to be compensated can be avoided in this way. In addition, allows such center of gravity storage that the tilting device can be brought into different tilted positions without much effort. It requires so far only a comparatively low-power pivoting device, so that despite the high loads and turning by hand is possible. A manual operation is especially for the case providable, in which a defect of a motor-controlled pivoting device occurs.

Wie in der nicht vorveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung DE 197 33 755. 4-25 geschildert, werden mehrere Wandelemente in einem Stapel übereinander auf der Aufbaufläche gefertigt, so daß jedes zuvor gefertigte Wandelement als Arbeitsfläche für die Herstellung eines nachfolgenden Wandelements dient. Demzufolge verändert sich beim Aufbau der Wandelemente jeweils die Arbeitshöhe für die daran arbeitenden Personen. Um diese Höhenänderung während des Fertigungsprozesses zu korrigieren, ist vorzugsweise an dem Schwenktisch eine Hubvorrichtung angeordnet worden, mittels der ein Heben und Senken, aber auch Halten in definierbarer Höhe möglich ist. Darüber hinaus können beim Schwenktisch die gedrehten Wandelement in eine Grube, die im folgenden noch zu beschreiben ist, abgelassen werden und die Befüllung der Wandelement mit Beton direkt aus der Auslaßöffnung von Betonmischfahrzeugen befällt werden, ohne daß dabei jedwelche Pumpen eingesetzt werden müssen. Vorteilhafterweise greift auch die Hubvorrichtung im Schwerpunkt des Schwenktisches an, wodurch auch hier das Auftreten von lateralen Kräften vermieden wird.As described in the non-prepublished patent application DE 197 33 755. 4-25, a plurality of wall elements are manufactured in a stack one above the other on the mounting surface, so that each previously manufactured wall element serves as a working surface for the production of a subsequent wall element. As a result, the working height for the persons working on it changes in each case during the construction of the wall elements. In order to correct this change in height during the manufacturing process, a lifting device has preferably been arranged on the pivoting table, by means of which a lifting and lowering, but also holding in a definable height is possible. In addition, at the Swivel table, the rotated wall element in a pit, which will be described below, are drained and the filling of the wall element with concrete directly from the outlet of concrete mixing vehicles are affected without causing any pumps must be used. Advantageously, the lifting device attacks in the center of gravity of the pivoting table, whereby the occurrence of lateral forces is also avoided here.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung umfaßt die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zusätzlich den bereits erwähnten Grubenbereich zum Einlassen der Lagerungsvorrichtung. Der Grubenbereich dient im wesentlichen zum Absenken des Schwenktisches im Laufe der Fertigung der Wandelementstapel. Durch die Möglichkeit des Absenkens ist auf einfache Weise ein Anpassen des Schwenktisches auf die Arbeitshöhe möglich, ohne daß zu dieser Anpassung sicherheitstechnisch problematische Gerüstaufbauten verwendet werden müssen. Darüber hinaus hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Schwenken des Schwenktisches wenigstens in Teilen innerhalb der Grube erfolgt. Wobei dadurch die Gefahren, die beim Kippen der beladenen Auflageflächen auftreten, z.B. für die an der Wandelementfertigung beteiligten Personen, wesentlich reduziert werden können. Auch erfolgt hierdurch, wie für den Fachmann offensichtlich, eine weitere Platzersparnis bei der Fertigung der Wandelemente, da größere während des Kippvorgangs abzusperrende Bereiche nicht mehr benötigt werden.In a further development of the invention, the device according to the invention additionally comprises the already mentioned pit area for admitting the storage device. The pit area essentially serves for lowering the pivoting table during the production of the wall element stacks. Due to the possibility of lowering an adjustment of the tilting table to the working height is possible in a simple manner, without having to be used for this adaptation safety problematic scaffolding structures. Moreover, it has proved to be advantageous if the pivoting of the pivoting table takes place at least in part within the pit. Whereby the dangers that occur when tilting the loaded bearing surfaces, e.g. for the persons involved in the wall element production, can be significantly reduced. As a result, as is obvious to one skilled in the art, this also saves space in the production of the wall elements, since larger areas to be shut off during the tilting operation are no longer needed.

Um den Grubenbereich nicht zu groß gestalten zu müssen, hat es sich in der Praxis als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn nach der Fertigung eines Wandelementstapels das Drehen und das Ausheben des Stapels aus der Grube in einer synchroniserten Dreh-Hubbewegung erfolgt. Dabei ist die Grubenbreite je nach Tiefe des Grubenbereichs auf nahezu eine Flächendiagonale einer seitlichen Abschlußfläche des Schwenktisches beschränkbar.In order not to have to make the pit area too large, it has proven to be advantageous in practice, if after the production of a wall element stack, the rotation and the lifting of the stack from the pit in a synchronized rotary lifting movement. It is Depending on the depth of the pit area, the pit width can be limited to almost a surface diagonal of a lateral end surface of the tilting table.

Ferner hat sich in der Praxis gezeigt, daß insbesondere beim Austrocknen des Betons der Wandelemente eine hohe Planarität der Fläche erforderlich ist, auf der die Wandelemente während des Austrocknens gelagert sind, um einen möglichen Verzug der Wandelemente zu verhindern. Daher umfaßt die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung vorzugsweise eine spezielle, auf die Größe der gefertigten Wandelemente ausgerichtete Gegenlagerung, die vorzugsweise am Boden des Grubenbereichs angebracht ist. Bewährt haben sich für diese Gegenlagerung insbesondere Doppel-T-Träger, die über die gesamte Länge der Wandelemente reichen und die bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine Abweichung in der Vertikalen im wesentlichen unter 9 mm aufweisen. Um eine im wesentlichen optimale Lagerung des beladenen Schwenktisches zu erhalten, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen wenigstens drei Doppel-T-Träger parallel unterhalb der Aufbaufläche bzw. Auflageflächen anzuordnen. Wobei zur gleichmäßigen Belastung der Träger einer am Winkel des Schwenktisches, der andere mittig und der dritte am Ende der Aufbaufläche angeordnet ist.Furthermore, it has been shown in practice that, in particular when drying the concrete of the wall elements, a high planarity of the surface is required, on which the wall elements are stored during desiccation, to prevent a possible distortion of the wall elements. Therefore, the device according to the invention preferably comprises a special, on the size of the manufactured wall elements aligned counter bearing, which is preferably attached to the bottom of the pit area. In particular, double T-beams, which extend over the entire length of the wall elements and which in the device according to the invention have a deviation in the vertical substantially below 9 mm, have proven useful for this counter bearing. In order to obtain a substantially optimal storage of the loaded swing table, it has proven to be advantageous to arrange at least three double-T-carrier parallel below the mounting surface or bearing surfaces. Wherein, for uniform loading, the carrier is arranged at the angle of the swivel table, the other center and the third at the end of the construction area.

Für den erfindungsgemäßen Schwenktisch sind Auflageflächen von vorzugsweise bis zu 22 m einsetzbar, so daß auch ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität bei der Fertigung langer Wandelemente gegeben ist. Damit ist es beispielsweise auch möglich die über die gesamte Länge der Auflagefläche gefertigten Wandelemente, derart zu verwenden, so daß die Längsseite des gefertigten Wandelements die gesamt Höhe des zu erbauenden Gebäudes darstellt.For the pivoting table according to the invention bearing surfaces of preferably up to 22 m are used, so that a high degree of flexibility in the production of long wall elements is given. Thus, it is for example also possible to use over the entire length of the support surface manufactured wall elements, to use such that the longitudinal side of the manufactured wall element represents the total height of the building to be built.

Die Flexibilität der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird auch dadurch erhöht, wenn die den Schwenktisch bildenden Auflageflächen je nach Zweckmäßigkeit als Aufbaufläche oder Wandelementstützfläche verwendbar sind. Dies kann insbesondere dann von Vorteil sein, falls die Architektur eines vorgegebenen Arbeitsbereichs eine Zugangsrichtung zum Schwenktisch vorschreibt. Dabei besteht der Schwenktisch im wesentlichen aus drei Trägerprofile die miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Als Grundelement des Schwenktisches dient im wesentlichen ein zu einem rechten Winkel starr verschweißtes Trägerprofil, an dessen freien Schenkeln zur Verlängerung verstärkte Profile befestigbar sind. Die verlängerten Schenkel dienen in der Folge als Auflagefläche für die zu fertigenden Wandelemente. Der Kipptisch im demontierten oder nicht montierten Zustand kann demgemäß auf einfache Art und Weise in einem konventionellen OPEN-TOP-Kontainer verlanden und transportiert werden. Daneben bieten die verwendeten Trägerprofile genügend Stabilität, um auch schwerste Lasten zu tragen.The flexibility of the device according to the invention is also increased when the pivoting table forming bearing surfaces depending on their usefulness as a mounting surface or wall element support surface can be used. This can be particularly advantageous if the architecture of a given workspace prescribes an access direction to the turntable. In this case, the pivot table consists essentially of three carrier profiles which are in communication with each other. As a basic element of the swing table is essentially a rigidly welded to a right angle support profile, on the free legs for extending reinforced profiles can be fastened. The extended legs serve as a support surface for the wall elements to be produced. The tilting table in the disassembled or unassembled state can accordingly be easily sown and transported in a conventional OPEN-TOP container. In addition, the carrier profiles used provide sufficient stability to carry even the heaviest loads.

Beiter Vorrichtung gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Deckelungsvorrichtung vorgesehen, die an dem Schwenktisch befestigbar ist und die eine Preßverbindung zwischen einer oder mehreren, auf die Aufbaufläche stapelweise aufgebrachten Wandelemente mit dem Schwenktisch ermöglicht. Mittels dieser Preßverbindung kann zum einen eine Sicherung der Wandelemente auf dem Schwenktisch erfolgen, so daß während des Schwenkens des Schwenktisches die Wandelemente seitlich auf den Auflageflächen gehalten werden bzw. gepreßt werden, und zum anderen dient die Preßverbindung dem seitlichen Abstützen der Schalung der Wandelemente, beim Einfüllen des Betons in die in die Senkrechten gestürzten Wandelemente. Zum Ausgleich des Drucks, der durch das Einfüllen des Betons in die Schalung der Wandelemente auf die Schalung erzeugt wird, hat sich in der Praxis gezeigt, daß eine im wesentlichen optimalen Planarität der Wandelemente dann gewährleistet werden kann, wenn die Deckelungsvorrichtung für einen Anpreßdruck von ca. 1,5t/m2 ausgerüstet ist.Beiter device according to the present invention, a capping device is provided, which is attachable to the pivoting table and which allows a press connection between one or more, stacked on the construction surface wall elements with the pivoting table. By means of this Preßverbindung can be done on the one hand, securing the wall elements on the pivot table, so that during pivoting of the pivoting table, the wall elements are laterally held or pressed on the support surfaces, and on the other hand, the press connection serves the lateral support of the formwork of the wall elements, the Fill the concrete into the vertical wall elements. To compensate for the pressure caused by the filling of the concrete in the formwork of the wall elements the formwork is produced has been shown in practice that a substantially optimal planarity of the wall elements can then be ensured if the cover device is equipped for a contact pressure of about 1.5 t / m 2 .

Der Schwenktisch ermöglicht es, die Wände eines Einfamilienhauses in einer oder zwei Chargen herzustellen. Diese beträchtliche Masse des Betons ermöglicht es, sich die sonst übliche Dampfhärtung von Beton bei der Herstellung von einzelnen Wandelementen zu ersparen, weil die beim Aushärten freiwerdende Wärme ausreicht, zu der erwünschten erhöhten Temperatur der erhärtenden Betonmasse zu gelangen. Um den Temperaturabfall der randständigen Wandelementen zu vermeiden, ordnet man die Wandelementen für die Außenwände des Gebäudes mit ihrer starken Wärmedämmschicht an der Unterseite bzw. Oberseite des Stapels an und vermeidet so den Wärmeverlust nach der Seite hin (beim Ausgießen der Wände ist der Stapel um 90° gedreht).The swivel table makes it possible to produce the walls of a single-family home in one or two batches. This considerable mass of the concrete makes it possible to avoid the usual steam hardening of concrete in the manufacture of individual wall elements, because the released during curing heat is sufficient to reach the desired elevated temperature of the hardening concrete mass. In order to avoid the temperature drop of the peripheral wall elements, one arranges the wall elements for the outer walls of the building with its strong thermal barrier coating on the bottom or top of the stack, thus avoiding heat loss to the side (when pouring the walls of the stack is 90 ° turned).

Bei dem neuartigen Herstellungsverfahren für die Großwandelemente wird außerdem der Umstand ausgenutzt, daß diese mit wärmedämmenden Außenschichten oder in SandwichBauweise gewünscht werden. Diese Wärmedämmschichten werden als Schalung für den Betonkern der Großwandelemente benutzt, und zwar gelingt dies dadurch, daß geeignete Abstandshalter aus Betonstegen zur Verfügung stehen, welche diese Schichten als Schalungswände im richtigen Abstand voneinander halten. Die Druckbelastbarkeit von Wärmedämmschichten ist nicht sehr groß, weswegen die Abstandshalter an ihrer Anlageseite zu den Wärmedämmschichten eine große Auflagefläche haben sollten. Dies wird durch hantelförmige Abstandshalter erreicht, wie sie durch die EP 0 299 353 beschrieben worden sind. Diese Abstandshalter mit ihren flanschartigen Enden drücken sich beim Zusammenpressen des Stapels ein wenig in die Wärmedämmschichten hinein und werden deshalb durch Klemmung gehalten, nachdem der Stapel um 90° gedreht worden ist und die breiten Endflächen der Abstandshalter senkrecht verlaufen. Man braucht deshalb nicht auf die Haltekraft des Bindemittels zurückzugreifen, welches zwischen der Endfläche des Abstandshalters und der angrenzenden Wärmedämmschicht beim Aufbau des Stapels eingebracht worden ist und welches dazu dient, die gute Haftung der Wärmedämmschicht an der Betonschicht zu gewährleisten. Dies bedeutet, daß man bei der Herstellung der Großwandelemente frei darin ist, ob man Wandelementen mit zwei oder drei Schichten aufbaut.In the novel production method for the large wall elements also the fact is exploited that they are desired with heat-insulating outer layers or in sandwich construction. These thermal barrier coatings are used as formwork for the concrete core of the large wall elements, and this succeeds in that suitable spacers made of concrete webs are available, which hold these layers as formwork walls at the correct distance from each other. The compressive strength of thermal barrier coatings is not very large, which is why the spacers should have a large bearing surface on their contact side to the thermal barrier coatings. This is achieved by dumbbell-shaped spacers, as described by EP 0 299 353. These spacers with their flange-like ends press in compressing the stack a little bit in the thermal barrier coatings and are therefore held in place by clamping after the stack has been rotated 90 ° and the wide end faces of the spacers are perpendicular. It is therefore not necessary to resort to the holding force of the binder, which has been introduced between the end face of the spacer and the adjacent thermal barrier coating in the construction of the stack and which serves to ensure the good adhesion of the thermal barrier coating to the concrete layer. This means that in the manufacture of the large wall elements is free in whether to build wall elements with two or three layers.

Eine kritische Stelle in Gebäuden ist die Verbindung der die Wände oder Decken darstellenden Großwandelemente untereinander. In den Ecken aufeinander stoßende Großwandelemente erhalten eine Gehrungsschräge und darüber hinaus einen Kupplungsraum, der aus jeweils einer sich längs erstreckenden Vertiefung in der Gehrungsschräge besteht und in welchem Kupplungsraum Armierungsschleifen hineinragen, die in diesem Kupplungsraum eine Öse bilden, durch welche ein Kupplungsstab aus Baustahl gesteckt werden kann, um die angrenzenden Wände oder Decken miteinander zu verbinden. Der Kupplungsraum wird bei der Herstellung des Gebäudes mit Beton ausgegossen, so daß sich die Armierung des einen Großwandelements über den Kupplungsraum in die Armierung des anderen Großwandelements fortsetzt. Die Erfindung hat auch damit zu tun, diese Kupplungsräume und die darin hineinreichenden Armierungsschleifen herzustellen.A critical point in buildings is the connection of the walls or ceilings representing large wall elements with each other. In the corners abutting large wall elements receive a miter and beyond a clutch space, each consisting of a longitudinally extending recess in the miter and protrude in which coupling space Armierungsschleifen forming an eyelet in this coupling space through which a coupling rod made of structural steel are inserted can connect to the adjacent walls or ceilings. The coupling space is poured in the manufacture of the building with concrete, so that the reinforcement of a large wall element continues via the coupling space in the reinforcement of the other large wall element. The invention also has to do with making these coupling spaces and the reinforcing loops extending thereinto.

Neben der Verbindung von Wandelementen über Gehrungsschrägen gibt es auch die Verbindung über einen Stumpfstoß, d. h. die Schmalseite einer Wandelement grenzt an die Breitseite einer anderen Wandelement an und muß mit dieser dauerhaft verbunden werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist ebenfalls das Vergießen eines Kupplungshohlraums mit Beton vorgesehen, in welchem Armierungsschleifen durch einen Querstab miteinander gekuppelt sind. Um die Herstellung der Wandelementen nicht zu stören, werden die Armierungsschleifen an der Breitseite der Wandelement in die Ebene der Wandelement umgelegt, d. h. es werden Armierungsbügel mit gekröpften Schleifen oder Ösen bei der Herstellung der Wandelementen benutzt, und diese Kröpfungen werden beim Errichten der Gebäude wieder aufgebogen, so daß die Schleifen oder Osen aus der Ebene der Breitseiten der Wandelementen hervorstehen und mit den Armierungsschleifen an der Schmalseite der Nachbarwandelemente durch Querstecken eines Stabes gekuppelt werden können.In addition to the connection of wall elements miter bevels there is also the connection via a butt joint, ie the narrow side of a wall element adjacent to the broad side of another wall element and must be permanently connected to this. For this purpose is also the casting of a Clutch cavity provided with concrete, in which Armierungsschleifen are coupled by a cross bar with each other. In order not to disturb the manufacture of the wall elements, the Armierungsschleifen be folded on the broad side of the wall element in the plane of the wall element, ie it Armierungsbügel be used with bent loops or eyelets in the manufacture of the wall elements, and these cranks are bent up when building the building again in that the loops or eyelets protrude from the plane of the broad sides of the wall elements and can be coupled with the reinforcing loops on the narrow side of the adjacent wall elements by cross-sticking a rod.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Stapels von Wandelementen auf einem Schwenktisch,
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht auf den Großwandelementstapel der Fig.1 gemäß Pfeil II bei aufgelegtem und gespanntem Deckel, Fig. 3 eine vergrößerte Einzelheit, teilweise aufgebrochen, Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch eine Wandelement längs einer gekröpften Armierungsschlaufe und
Fig. 5
eine Ansicht des Großwandelementstapels bei gedrehtem Schwenktisch zu Zwecken des Gießens der Wandelementen.
Fig. 6
eine schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der der Schwenktisch an einer in einer Grube befindlichen Haltevorrichtung aufgehängt ist;
Fig. 7
eine schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, wobei der Schwenktisch in verschiedenen Schwenkstellungen dargestellt ist.
The invention will be described with reference to an embodiment. Showing:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a stack of wall elements on a turntable,
Fig. 2
1 is an enlarged detail, partially broken away; FIG. 4 is a section through a wall element along a bent reinforcement loop; and FIG. 4 is a section through a wall element along a cranked reinforcement loop and FIG
Fig. 5
a view of the large wall element stack with rotated pivoting table for purposes of casting the wall elements.
Fig. 6
a schematic side view of a device according to the invention, wherein the pivoting table is suspended from a holding device located in a pit;
Fig. 7
a schematic side view of a device according to the invention, wherein the Swing table is shown in different pivot positions.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Schwenktisch 1 dargestellt, der aus einer Reihe von zusammengeschweißten Profilträgern 2 aufgebaut ist, auf deren Schenkeln Deckbleche zur Bildung von Auflageflächen 3 und 4 aufgeschweißt sind. Der Schwenktisch 1 enthält eine feste Abschlußwand 5 und eine weitere Abschlußwand 6, die man parallel zur Abschlußwand 5 im Vordergrund des Schwenktisches anbringen kann. Schließlich ist noch eine Deckelwand 7 vorgesehen, so daß mit den Wandelementen 3, 4, 5, 6 und 7 ein Kasten gebildet werden kann, dessen Seite 8 offen ist. Der Schwenktisch enthält in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellte Hydraulikzylinder, so daß er im wesentlichen in zwei Stellungen einnehmen kann, nämlich die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Aufbaustellung, bei der die als Aufbaufläche zu bezeichnende Auflagefläche 3 waagrecht ist und eine Gieß- und Wandelementstützstellung (Fig. 5), bei der die Auflagefläche 4 horizontal und die Fläche 3 senkrecht ausgerichtet sind.In Fig. 1, a pivoting table 1 is shown, which is composed of a series of welded-together profiled beams 2, on the legs of cover plates to form bearing surfaces 3 and 4 are welded. The turntable 1 includes a fixed end wall 5 and a further end wall 6, which can be mounted parallel to the end wall 5 in the foreground of the tilting table. Finally, a cover wall 7 is still provided, so that with the wall elements 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, a box can be formed, the side 8 is open. The swing table includes in Fig. 1, not shown hydraulic cylinder, so that it can take up substantially in two positions, namely the setup position shown in Fig. 1, in which the mounting surface to be designated bearing surface 3 is horizontal and a casting and Wandelementstützstellung (Fig 5), in which the bearing surface 4 are aligned horizontally and the surface 3 vertically.

Der Schwenktisch 1 kann auch hydraulische Hebe- und Senkeinrichtungen umfassen, um die Arbeitshöhe beim Aufbau des in Fig. I dargestellten Großwandelementstapels 10 passend einzustellen. Alternativ hierzu kann eine höhenverstellbare Arbeitsbühne vorgesehen sein, um den Arbeitern den Aufbau des Stapels 10 zu erleichtern.The swing table 1 may also include hydraulic lifting and lowering devices to adjust the working height in the construction of the large wall element stack 10 shown in FIG. Alternatively, a height-adjustable work platform may be provided to facilitate the construction of the stack 10 for the workers.

Beim Aufbau des Stapels 10 legt man zunächst eine Hartschaumstoffplatte als Außenschicht 11 der untersten Wandelement auf die Aufbaufläche 3, wobei sich die betreffenden Schmalseiten der Platte an den Flächen 4 und 5 anlehnen. Wenn die herzustellende Wandelement kleiner als die Länge des Tisches 1 ist, werden entsprechend mehrere Schaumstoffplatten zur Bildung der Außenschichten 11 mehrerer Wandelementen nebeneinandergelegt. Die Schaumstoffplattenschicht 11 kann eine oder mehrere Ausnehmungen aufweisen, in die Platzhalter und/oder Schutzeinrichtungen für Elemente von Fenstern, Türen oder anderen Öffnungen eingesetzt werden und die auch in eine darüber liegende Zwischenschicht 12 hineinragen. Die Zwischenschicht 12 wird die Betonfüllung aufnehmen und wird deshalb auch als Tragschicht bezeichnet. Zuvor werden dort Einbauten untergebracht. Solche Einbauten enthalten eine Armierung 14 (Fig. 2), Heiz- oder Kühlschlangen 15, Leerrohre 16 sowie gegebenenfalls Rohrleitungen und Kabel. Zu den Einbauten zählen auch Abstandshalter 17, welche die Dicke der Zwischenschicht 12 bestimmen. Es werden hantelförmige Formen mit flansch- oder scheibenförmigen Enden 18 und einem schaft- oder stegförmigem Verbindungsteil 19 bevorzugt. Diese Abstandshalter 17 werden in Lücken der Armierung 14 unter Zwischenfügung eines Binders auf die betreffende Hartschaumplatte 11 aufgesetzt und bilden ein Raster, das genügend Raum zwischen den Stegen 19 freiläßt, um die anderen Einbauten 15, 16 unterzubringen.When constructing the stack 10, first a rigid foam plate is placed as the outer layer 11 of the lowermost wall element on the mounting surface 3, the respective narrow sides of the plate resting against the surfaces 4 and 5. If the wall element to be produced is smaller than the length of the table 1, a plurality of foam boards to form the outer layers 11 of a plurality of wall elements are juxtaposed accordingly. The foam sheet layer 11 may have one or more recesses into which placeholders and / or guards for elements of windows, doors or other openings are inserted and which also project into an overlying intermediate layer 12. The intermediate layer 12 will receive the concrete filling and is therefore also referred to as a base course. Beforehand, fixtures will be housed there. Such internals contain a reinforcement 14 (FIG. 2), heating or cooling coils 15, conduits 16 and possibly pipelines and cables. The internals also include spacers 17, which determine the thickness of the intermediate layer 12. Dumbbell-shaped shapes with flanged or disc-shaped ends 18 and a shaft or web-shaped connecting part 19 are preferred. These spacers 17 are placed in gaps of the reinforcement 14 with the interposition of a binder on the relevant rigid foam plate 11 and form a grid that leaves enough space between the webs 19 to accommodate the other internals 15, 16.

Die Zwischenschicht 12 wird oben durch eine Deckschicht 13 und seitlich durch ein längliches Schalungselement abgeschlossen, welches dazu dient, die passende Anschlußfläche der betreffenden Wandelement zu erzeugen. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 wird die Schalung durch ein Schalungsrohr 21 gebildet, welches eine Reihe von Querschlitzen 22 und angeschweißte Längsrippen 2 3 aufweist, um das Schalungsrohr 21 in richtiger Winkelstellung zu der Schicht 12 einzubauen. Das in Fig. 3 dargestellte Schalungsrohr 21 ist zur Erzeugung einer Gehrungsschräge an der Schmalseite der Zwischenschicht 12 ausgerichtet. Die Schalung weist noch eine Zentrierstange 24 mit einem Verschlußdeckel 25 und Anschlagsbärten 26 auf, die in regelmäßigen Abständen entlang der Stange 24 angeschweißt sind. Die Anschlagsbärte 26 dienen zusammen mit den Querschlitzen 22 zur Ausrichtung von Anschlußarmierungen, die hier als Baustahlbügel 27 ausgebildet sind. Die Bügel 27 weisen Haken 28 auf und bilden im Bereich des Rohres 21 jeweils Ösen 29. Nach Hindurchstecken der Bügel 27 durch die Querschlitze 22 werden diese durch Klebstreifen verschlossen, um das Eindringen von Beton zu verhindern. Es ist eine Reihe derartiger Bügel 27 entlang der Schmalseite einer herzustellenden Wandelement zu montieren, und es ist möglich, daß die Schalung zur Trennung der Schmalseiten zweier angrenzender Platten in der gleichen Schicht benutzt wird, so daß den Bügeln 27 gleichartige Bügel von der anderen Seite gegenüberstehen und sich mit ihren Ösen überlappen. Trotz dieses Umstandes ist es möglich, die Zentrierstange 24 in einer Art Schraubbewegung zu montieren oder zu entfernen, wobei die Zentrierstange 24 jeweils um 180° gedreht und dann ein Stück axial verschoben wird.The intermediate layer 12 is closed at the top by a covering layer 13 and laterally by an elongate formwork element, which serves to produce the matching connection surface of the respective wall element. In the illustrated embodiment of Fig. 3, the formwork is formed by a shuttering tube 21, which has a series of transverse slots 22 and welded longitudinal ribs 2 3, to install the shuttering tube 21 in the correct angular position to the layer 12. The formwork tube 21 shown in Fig. 3 is to produce a miter on the narrow side of the Intermediate layer 12 aligned. The formwork also has a centering rod 24 with a closure lid 25 and stop beards 26, which are welded at regular intervals along the rod 24. The stop bars 26 are used together with the transverse slots 22 for alignment of Anschlußarmierungen, which are designed here as a mild steel bow 27. The bracket 27 have hooks 28 and form in the region of the tube 21 each eyelets 29. After passing through the bracket 27 through the transverse slots 22, these are closed by adhesive tape to prevent the ingress of concrete. It is a series of such bracket 27 to be mounted along the narrow side of a wall element to be produced, and it is possible that the formwork for the separation of the narrow sides of two adjacent plates is used in the same layer, so that the brackets 27 are similar brackets from the other side and overlap with their eyelets. Despite this fact, it is possible to mount or remove the centering rod 24 in a kind of screwing, wherein the centering rod 24 is rotated in each case by 180 ° and then moved axially a piece.

In Fig. 3 ist noch ein bügelförmiges Armierungsteil 30 dargestellt, das in der Stellung des Tisches nach Fig. 5 nach oben über den Umriß einer Wandelement hinausreicht und als Tragöse 30 zum Anheben einer fertigen Wandelement nach dem Gießen und Aushärten derselben benutzt wird. Es sind wenigstens zwei derartige Tragösen 30 pro herzustellendes Wandelement vorgesehen, die in gleichem Abstand zur berechneten Schwerlinie des Wandelements angeordnet werden. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, ein fertiges Wandelement verkippungsfrei mit Hilfe eines Tragbalkens anzuheben oder abzusenken, der von einem Kran manövriert wird.In Fig. 3 is still a bow-shaped reinforcing member 30 is shown, which extends in the position of the table of FIG. 5 above the outline of a wall element and is used as a lifting lug 30 for lifting a finished wall element after casting and curing thereof. At least two such lifting lugs 30 per wall element to be produced are provided, which are arranged equidistant from the calculated line of gravity of the wall element. In this way it is possible to tilt a finished wall element with the help of a Lifting or lowering a stringer maneuvered by a crane.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen weiteren schleifen- oder bügelförmigen Armierungsteil in Form eines Stahlbügels 31, der Endhaken 32 und eine abgekröpfte Öse 33 umfaßt. Die Haken werden in Armierungen 14 eingehängt, so daß die abgekröpfte Öse 33 in einer Deckschicht 13 zu liegen kommt. Die Deckschicht 13 besteht beispielsweise aus einer Holzfaserplatte (Heraklit-Platte), welche die Zwischenschicht 12 abgedeckt und eine Aussparung 34 aufweist, um die abgekröpfte Öse 33 aufzunehmen.Fig. 4 shows another loop or bow-shaped reinforcing member in the form of a steel bracket 31, the end hook 32 and a cranked eyelet 33 includes. The hooks are suspended in reinforcements 14, so that the bent eyelet 33 comes to rest in a cover layer 13. The cover layer 13 consists for example of a wood fiber plate (Heraclit plate), which covered the intermediate layer 12 and has a recess 34 to receive the bent eyelet 33.

In der Zwischenschicht 12 wird eine Reihe dieser abgekröpften Bügel 31 entlang einer Linie angeordnet, an der sich später eine Querwand anschließen soll. Die abgekröpften Ösen 33 werden beim Errichten des Gebäudes mit einer Hebelstange aufgebogen und ragen dann über die Oberfläche der Schicht 13 hinaus, so daß ein Armierungsstab durch diese aufgebogenen Ösen 33 und die Ösen 29 der Querwand gesteckt werden kann, um einen Armierungsverbund zu ergeben, der mit Beton umgossen wird, um die Lücken zwischen den beiden sich kreuzenden Wänden zu schließen.In the intermediate layer 12, a number of these bent stirrups 31 are arranged along a line, to which later a transverse wall is to join. The bent eyelets 33 are bent when erecting the building with a lever rod and then protrude beyond the surface of the layer 13, so that a reinforcing rod can be inserted through these bent eyelets 33 and the eyelets 29 of the transverse wall to give a Armierungsverbund, the poured with concrete to close the gaps between the two intersecting walls.

Es wird erneut auf Fig. 1 Bezug genommen. Die Schichten 11, 12 und 13 gehören einer Wandelementlage 41 an, deren möglicher Aufbau beschrieben worden ist. Auf der Lage 41 wird dann - gegebenenfalls unter Benutzung einer Trennfolie - eine weitere Lage 42 für eine oder mehrere herzustellende Großwandelementen aufgebaut, und in dieser Weise wird mit weiteren Lagen 43 bis 48 fortgefahren. Bei den Lagen 41 bis 44 werden dicke Hartschaumplatten als Außenschicht verwendet, d. h. diese Wände dienen als Außenwände, während die Lagen 45 bis 48 zur Herstellung von Zwischenwänden gedacht sind. Alle Wandelementwände können Aussparungen für Fenster- oder Türöffnungen enthalten, die von einem Platzhalter aus Hartschaumstoff und/oder Schutzeinrichtungen für Elemente von Fenstern oder Türen ausgefüllt werden. Es versteht sich, daß man ganze Fenster oder auch nur Rahmenelemente und dergleichen einsetzen kann, die durch den Hartschaumstoff während des Vergießens des Betons gestützt und geschützt werden. Wenn, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, die oberste Lage nicht vollständig ist, wird dort ein Platzfüller eingesetzt, um den Stapel zu komplettieren. Im übrigen ist die dargestellte Stapelung mit den Außenwänden unten und den Zwischenwänden des Gebäudes oben nicht obligatorisch, vielmehr wird man die Lagen 43 und 44 häufig oben im Stapel anordnen, um die besseren Wärmedämmeigenschaften der Schaumstoffplatten für die Außenwände gegen Wärmeverlust beim Gießen der Wandelementen auszunutzen. Dem gleichen Zweck können Hartschaumstoffplatzfüller in Zwickelform dienen, die Teile der Schaltung bilden, um Wandelementen mit kompletter Gehrungsschräge zu flachen Quadern zu ergänzen.Referring again to FIG. The layers 11, 12 and 13 belong to a wall element layer 41, the possible structure of which has been described. On the layer 41 is then - optionally using a release film - built another layer 42 for one or more large-wall elements to be produced, and in this way is continued with further layers 43 to 48. In the layers 41 to 44 thick rigid foam panels are used as outer layer, ie these walls serve as outer walls, while the layers 45 to 48 are intended for the production of partitions. All wall element walls may include openings for window or door openings filled by a rigid foam filler and / or protective elements for windows or doors. It is understood that one can use whole windows or even frame members and the like, which are supported and protected by the rigid foam during the casting of the concrete. If, as shown in Fig. 1, the top layer is not complete, there is a space filler used to complete the stack. Moreover, the stacking shown with the outer walls below and the partitions of the building above is not mandatory, but you will often arrange the layers 43 and 44 up in the stack to exploit the better thermal insulation properties of the foam panels for the outer walls against heat loss during casting of the wall elements. The same purpose may be used in Zwickelform Hartschaumstoffplatzfüller, which form parts of the circuit to complete wall elements with complete miter to flat cuboids.

Die Schicht 11 ist im Gegensatz zur Schicht 12 ohne Gehrungsschräge ausgebildet worden, d. h. beim Zusammenstoß zweier Wandelementen an einer Gebäudeecke gibt es eine Lücke, die durch ein entsprechendes Füllstück aus Hartschaumstoff ausgefüllt wird. Das Fortlassen des Hartschaumstoffzwickels an der Schmalseite von Außenwänden hat den Vorteil, daß der Aufbau des Stapels auf dem Schwenktisch erleichtert wird. Man kann aber auch eine durchgehende Gehrungsschräge an den Wandelementen anwenden, muß dann aber einen Ergänzungwinkel als Platzfüller anwenden, um Lagen mit senkrechten Endflächen zu erhalten, die jeweils einen flachen Quader darstellen.The layer 11 has been formed in contrast to the layer 12 without Miter bevel, d. H. in the collision of two wall elements on a corner of the building there is a gap that is filled by a corresponding piece of rigid foam. The omission of the rigid foam gusset on the narrow side of outer walls has the advantage that the construction of the stack is facilitated on the pivoting table. But you can also apply a continuous Miter slope on the wall elements, but then must use a supplementary angle as Platzfüller to obtain layers with vertical end faces, each representing a flat cuboid.

Nach Komplettierung des Stapels wird je nach den Umständen noch die Abschlußwand 6 vor die Schenkelwände 3, 9 gesetzt, danach der Deckel 7 auf den Stapel 10 gelegt, und der Stapel wird mit Hilfe dieses Deckels unter Druckspannung versetzt und in diesem Zustand durch Bänder 50 zusammen-gehalten, wie in Fig. 2 und 5 dargestellt. Der Deckel 7 kann außerdem durch schematisch angedeutete Schraubwinden 51 am Schwenktisch 1 gesichert werden. Es wird so ein Kasten um den Stapel 10 gebildet, der bei 8 offen ist.After completion of the stack will depend on the Circumstances even the end wall 6 in front of the leg walls 3, 9 set, then the lid 7 placed on the stack 10, and the stack is offset by means of this cover under compressive stress and held together in this state by bands 50, as in Fig. 2nd and FIG. 5. The cover 7 can also be secured by schematically indicated screw jacks 51 on the turntable 1. Thus, a box is formed around the stack 10, which is open at 8.

Nach dem Zusammenpressen der Wandelemente des Stapels 10 wird der Tisch um 90° gedreht und in die Gießstellung gebracht, wie in Fig. 5 dargestellt. Alsdann wird Beton in den Kasten eingefüllt, wie durch einen Schlauch 55 angedeutet. Der Beton fließt in die Lücken oder Zwischenräume der nunmehr stehenden Wandelementlagen 41 - 48 und füllt diese aus, wobei man durch Rütteln des Tisches das Entweichen von Luftblasen fördern kann. Wenn der Beton nach einer gewissen Zeit abgebunden hat, wird der Deckel 7 entfernt, wonach die einzelnen Großwandelemente mittels eines Tragbalkens und eines Krans abtransportiert werden, wobei ein Seil durch die Tragösen 30 hindurchfährt, um die einzelne Wandelemente symmetrisch anzuheben. Die Wandelemente können in gleicher Weise ohne Verkanten millimetergenau abgesenkt werden, was bei der Errichtung eines Gebäudes von großer Bedeutung ist.After compressing the wall elements of the stack 10, the table is rotated 90 ° and brought into the casting position, as shown in Fig. 5. Then concrete is poured into the box, as indicated by a tube 55. The concrete flows into the gaps or interstices of the now standing wall element layers 41-48 and fills them, which can promote the escape of air bubbles by shaking the table. If the concrete has set after a certain time, the cover 7 is removed, after which the individual large wall elements are transported away by means of a support beam and a crane, with a rope passes through the lifting lugs 30 to lift the individual wall elements symmetrically. The wall elements can be lowered in the same way without tilting millimeter precision, which is in the construction of a building of great importance.

Gemäß Fig. 6 ist eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dargestellt, bei der der Schwenktisch 1 in einem Grubenbereich 71 und einer Haltevorrichtung 65 drehbar aufgehängt ist. Der Arbeitsbereich 72, d. h. der Bereich, von dem aus Personen auf der Arbeitsfläche des Schwenktisches Wandelemente stapelweise fertigen, liegt je nach Erfordernis links oder rechts oberhalb der Grube. Es versteht sich, daß eine entsprechende Aufhängung für die Auflageflächen 3 und 4 auf beiden Stirnseiten des Schwenktisches vorgesehen ist. Der Schwenktisch 1 selbst besteht aus zwei Auflageflächen 3 und 4, die zu einem rechten Winkel angeordnet sind. Dabei besteht das Grundelement 2a des Schwenktisches 1 aus zwei zueinander starr verschweißten Profilträgern, derart, daß sie einen rechten Winkel bilden. An diese werden im Rahmen des Schwenktischaufbaus zur Verlängerung der freien Schenkel verstärkte Profilträger 2b angesetzt, d.h. beispielsweise verschweißt, wobei so die Auflageflächen .3, 4 ausgebildet werden. Beide Auflageflächen 3, 4 sind im wesentlichen gleich groß und können je nach Lage, d. h. in der Horizontalen oder Vertikalen, entweder als Aufbaufläche 3 oder als Wandstützfläche 4 dienen, wodurch aus Sicht der gezeigten Stirnseite der Vorrichtung sowohl ein Auflegen der Wandelemente von rechts als auch von links möglich ist. Der beschriebene Schwenktisch 1 ist stirnseitig gemäß Fig. 1 an einem Teleskopkolben 63, der innerhalb eines Führungsschachtes 62 geführt wird, drehbar aufgehängt und gelagert. Wobei die Lagerung über Profilverstrebungen 65 an das rechwinklige Grundelement 2a des Schwenktisches 1 angreift, um auf diese Weise die Lagerung statisch zu sichern. Die an der Vorder und Rückseite angebrachten Stirnbleche 5 (Fig.1.) weisen bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zudem aufgeschweißte Profile zur Verstärkung auf. Durch die beschriebene Hubvorrichtung 68 ist der Schwenktischund insbesondere die jeweilige Arbeitsfläche in definierter und für das Aufschichten von Wandelementen zweckmäßigerweise in seiner Höhe anpaßbar. D. h. für die am Schwenktisch 1 arbeitenden Personen, daß mit wachsendem Wandelementestapel auf der Arbeitsfläche die Arbeitshöhe auf vordefinierbare Weise einstellbar ist. Die jeweils neue Arbeitsfläche wird in diesem Fall durch die Oberseite des zuvor gefertigten Wandelements bestimmt. Als eine im wesentliche optimale Arbeitshöhe hat sich eine Höhe von 0,9m ergeben. Die Lagerung der Schwenktischvorrichtung 67 am Teleskopkolben 63 der erfindungsgemäßen Hubvorrichcung ist dabei derart, daß die Aufhängung des Schwenktisch 1 im wesentlichen am Schwerpunkt 64 erfolgt und somit die Last des Schwenktisch im wesentlichen auf dem Hubeinrichtung 68 zum Tragen kommt und laterale Kräfte, aufgrund nicht beabsichtigter Drehmomente, im wesentlichen nicht auftreten. Der Führungsschacht 62 ist gemäß Fig. 6 Teil einer Haltevorrichtung 60 aus mehreren untereinander verstrebten Stützstreben 61, durch die der Führungsschacht 62 statisch abgesichert ist.6, a side view of a device according to the invention is shown, in which the pivoting table 1 in a pit area 71 and a holding device 65 is rotatably suspended. The working area 72, ie the area from which persons on the working surface of the tilting table stacking wall elements produce, depending on the requirement left or right above the pit. It is understood that a corresponding suspension for the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 is provided on both end sides of the pivoting table. The turntable 1 itself consists of two bearing surfaces 3 and 4, which are arranged at a right angle. In this case, the basic element 2a of the tilting table 1 consists of two mutually rigidly welded profile carriers, such that they form a right angle. To this, in the context of the swivel table structure for extending the free legs reinforced profiled beams 2 b are recognized, ie, for example, welded, so the bearing surfaces .3, 4 are formed. Both bearing surfaces 3, 4 are substantially the same size and can be used depending on the position, ie in the horizontal or vertical, either as a mounting surface 3 or wall support surface 4, whereby from the perspective of the end face of the device shown both a laying of the wall elements from the right from the left is possible. The described pivoting table 1 is frontally shown in FIG. 1 on a telescopic piston 63 which is guided within a guide shaft 62, rotatably suspended and stored. The storage on profile struts 65 acts on the rectangular element 2a of the pivoting table 1, to secure the storage static in this way. The attached at the front and back face plates 5 (Fig.1.) In this embodiment also have welded profiles for reinforcement. By the lifting device 68 described, the pivoting table and in particular the respective working surface in defined and for the stacking of wall elements expediently in its height adaptable. Ie. for the persons working on the swivel table 1 that the working height can be set in a predefinable manner with increasing wall element stack on the work surface. The new work surface is in this case by determines the top of the previously manufactured wall element. As a substantially optimal working height, a height of 0.9m has resulted. The mounting of the pivoting table device 67 on the telescopic piston 63 Hubvorrichcung invention is such that the suspension of the pivoting table 1 takes place substantially at the center of gravity 64 and thus the load of the pivot table substantially on the lifting device 68 comes into play and lateral forces due to unintentional torques , essentially not occur. The guide shaft 62 is shown in FIG. 6 part of a holding device 60 of a plurality of mutually braced support struts 61 through which the guide shaft 62 is statically secured.

Ferner ist aus Fig. 6 eine Schwenkeinrichtung 67 zum Wenden des Schwenktisches, beispielsweise in die Gießstellung, zu entnehmen. Diese besteht unter anderem aus einem halbkreisförmigen Schwenkelement 69, das an der Stirnseite des Schwenktisch befestigt ist und dessen Mittelpunkt das Lager im Schwerpunkt 64 am Teleskopkolben 63 ist. An das Schwenkelement 69 greift einseitig ein hydraulischer Schwenkkolben 68a an, der im Rahmen einer Hubbewegung, d. h. bei einer Streckung oder Kontraktion des Zylinders, durch das Schwenkelement 69 geführt wird. Dabei durchläuft der Angriffspunkt 66 des Zylinders 68a am Schwenkelement 69 eine oder einen Teil einer Kreisbahn, die durch den Radius des Schwenkelements 69 vorgegeben ist, wodurch der an dem Schwenkelement 69 befestigte Schwenktisch 1 um das Schwerpunktlager 64 gedreht wird. Das Drehen bzw. Schwenken des Schwenktisches 1 um den Schwemmpunkt 64 weist insbesondere den Vorteil auf, daß, auch wenn auf dem Schwenktisch schwere Lasten aufgelegt sind, keine aufwendige Hydraulik zum Wenden des Schwenktisches nötig ist, da im wesentlichen keine ungewollten Drehmomente abgefangen werden müssen und sogar unter Umständen ein manuelles Wenden der Auflageflächen möglich ist.Furthermore, from Fig. 6, a pivoting device 67 for turning the swing table, for example, in the casting position, refer. This consists among other things of a semicircular pivot member 69 which is fixed to the front side of the pivot table and whose center is the bearing in the center of gravity 64 on the telescopic piston 63. On the pivoting element 69 engages on one side a hydraulic pivoting piston 68a, which is guided by the pivoting element 69 in the context of a lifting movement, that is, in a stretching or contraction of the cylinder. In this case, the engagement point 66 of the cylinder 68a on the pivot member 69 passes through one or a part of a circular path, which is predetermined by the radius of the pivot member 69, whereby the attached to the pivot member 69 pivoting table 1 is rotated about the gravity bearing 64. The turning or pivoting of the turntable 1 to the Schwemmpunkt 64 has in particular the advantage that, even if heavy loads are placed on the pivot table, no complex hydraulics for turning the swing table needed is because essentially no unwanted torques must be intercepted and even under certain circumstances, a manual turning of the bearing surfaces is possible.

Daneben umfaßt die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 6 eine Gegenlagerung 70 aus drei parallel angeordneten Doppel-TTrägern, die im vorliegenden Fall die Auflagefläche 3 als Arbeitsfläche gegenlagern. Die Doppel-T-Träger 70 sind derart präzise angeordnet, daß sie über eine Länge von 24 m nur eine vertikale Abweichung von 9 mm aufweisen. Diese Abweichung liegt weit innerhalb der Toleranzen, die bei der Herstellung von Gebäuden zu beachten sind. Die Gegenlagerung findet insbesondere dann Verwendung, wenn die neuen, mit Beton gegossenen und in Hochkantstellung befindlichen Wandelemente während des Austrocknungsprozesses in Ruhestellung gelagert und gestützt werden müssen, um ein Verziehen der Wandelemente zu verhindern. Daneben erfolgt die Anordnung der T-Träger derart, daß stets einer der T-Träger entlang des rechten Winkels des Schwenktisches liegt, der zweite an der Nahtstelle zwischen dem rechtwinkligen Profil 2a und der Schenkelverlängerung 2b und der letzte T-Träger am Ende der Auflagefläche bzw. Aufbaufläche 3. Durch eine solche Anordnung wird eine im wesentlichen optimale Verteilung der Lasten erzielt.In addition, the embodiment of FIG. 6 includes an abutment 70 of three parallel arranged double TTrägern, which in the present case, the bearing surface 3 counteract as a working surface. The double T-beams 70 are arranged so precisely that they have only a vertical deviation of 9 mm over a length of 24 m. This deviation is well within the tolerances to be considered in the manufacture of buildings. The counter-bearing is used in particular when the new, cast with concrete and located in an upright position wall elements must be stored and supported at rest during the desiccation process to prevent warping of the wall elements. In addition, the arrangement of the T-beam is such that always one of the T-beam along the right angle of the pivot table is the second at the interface between the rectangular profile 2a and the leg extension 2b and the last T-beam at the end of the support surface or Structural surface 3. Such an arrangement achieves a substantially optimal distribution of the loads.

In Fig. 7 ist ebenfalls eine Seitenansicht der bereits oben beschriebenen Ausführungsform gezeigt, wobei in Fig. 7 darüber hinaus unterschiedliche Kippstellungen 1a bis 1d des Schwenktisches 1 dargestellt sind. Gemäß Fig. 7 vollzieht der Schwenktisch 1 innerhalb der Grube eine Drehung entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn, so daß sich die ursprünglich in der Horizontalen befindliche Arbeitsfläche 3 nach der Drehung in der Senkrechten befindet. Es ist deutlich zu erkennen, daß die Schwenkeinrichtung auf vordefinierbare Weise nicht nur die Auflageflächen um 90° kippen kann, sondern daß der Schwenktisch auch mittels der Schwenkeinrichtung in der Lage ist, unterschiedliche Kippstellungen einzunehmen. Diese Drehbewegung kann, wie in Fig. 7 gezeigt und wie bereits erwähnt, gänzlich.in einem Teil des Grubenbereichs stattfinden. Es hat sich aber als vorteilhaft gezeigt, den Schwenktisch im Rahmen einer synchronisierten Dreh-Hubbewegung aus dem Grubenbereich zu heben. Durch ein solches Herausnehmen des Schwenktisch kann zum einen der Grubenbereich vergleichsweise schmal gehalten werden und gleichzeitig die sicherheitstechnischen Vorteile, aber auch die Vorteile der Platzersparnis einer in einem Grubenbereich absenkbaren Schwenktischvorrichtung genutzt werden.FIG. 7 likewise shows a side view of the embodiment already described above, with different tilting positions 1a to 1d of the swiveling table 1 also being shown in FIG. According to FIG. 7, the turntable 1 makes a counterclockwise rotation within the pit, so that the working surface 3 originally located in the horizontal is in the vertical after rotation. It can be clearly seen that the pivoting device in a predefinable manner, not only the bearing surfaces by 90 ° can tilt, but that the pivoting table by means of the pivoting device is able to take different Kippstellungen. This rotational movement can, as shown in Fig. 7 and as already mentioned, take place wholly in one part of the pit area. However, it has proven to be advantageous to lift the swivel table in the context of a synchronized rotary stroke movement from the pit area. Such removal of the pivoting table makes it possible, on the one hand, to keep the pit area comparatively narrow and, at the same time, to exploit the safety-related advantages, but also the advantages of saving space of a pivotable table device which can be lowered into a pit area.

Der Grubenbereich 71 des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel weist eine Breite von 5,3m und eine Tiefe von 3,1m auf. Eine Größe, die sich insbesondere als vorteilhaft im Rahmen der beschriebenen synchronisierten Drehhubbewegung aus dem Grubenbereich heraus gezeigt hat. Darüber hinaus weist die Möglichkeit des Absenkens der auf dem Schwenktisch gefertigten Wandelementen den Vorteil auf, daß die in Hochkantstellung gekippten Wandelemente noch vor dem Befüllen mit Beton in den Grubenbereich 71 abgelassen werden können und der Beton direkt aus einem konventionellen Betonmischfahrzeug oder der gleichen ohne den Einsatz von Pumpen in die Wandelementeverschalung eingebracht werden kann.The pit area 71 of the present embodiment has a width of 5.3 m and a depth of 3.1 m. A size that has proven particularly advantageous in the context of the described synchronized rotary stroke movement out of the pit area. In addition, the possibility of lowering the wall elements manufactured on the tilting table has the advantage that the tilted in the upright position wall elements can be discharged before filling with concrete in the pit area 71 and the concrete directly from a conventional concrete mixer or the same without the use can be introduced by pumps in the Wandelementeverschalung.

In den Fig. 6 und 7 nicht dargestellt ist eine Deckelungsvorrichtung (Fig. 2, 7), die über eine Preßverbindung mit der Arbeitsfläche des Schwenktisches die auf die Arbeitsfläche aufgebrachten Wandelemente hält. Diese ist zum einen notwendig, um die auf die Arbeitsfläche stapelweise aufgebrachten Wandelemente während des Wendens des Schwenktisches bzw. der Arbeitsfläche von der Waagrechten in die Senkrechte zu halten, und zum anderen, um beim Befüllen der Wandelemente in der Senkrechten mit Beton die Schalung der Wandelemente abzustützen auf den ein sehr hoher Druck durch den Beton ausgeübt wird. Der Deckel sollt dabei einem Druck von ca. 1,5t m2 standhalten.Not shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is a cover device (FIGS. 2, 7) which holds the wall elements applied to the work surface via a press connection with the working surface of the swivel table. On the one hand, this is necessary to pile on the work surface applied wall elements during the turning of the pivoting table or the work surface from the horizontal to the vertical, and on the other to support when filling the wall elements in the vertical with concrete, the formwork of the wall elements on which a very high pressure is exerted by the concrete , The lid should withstand a pressure of approx. 1.5t m 2 .

Claims (27)

  1. Method for producing wall elements which contain at least two layers (11, 12) - an outer layer (11) and a carrier or intermediate layer (12) - and structures (14, 15, 16) for external and internal walls and for ceilings of buildings, comprising the following steps:
    a) a swivelling table (1) constructed as a large square with two bearing areas (3, 4) arranged at an angle to each other for wall elements to be produced is brought into an assembly position in which one of the bearing areas (3) is oriented horizontally as an assembly area and the other bearing area (4) is arranged at an angle thereto as a wall element support area;
    b) a lowermost outer layer (11) is arranged on the bearing area (3) so as to abut the wall element support area; the outer layer (11) can thereby belong to one or more wall elements to be produced and have one or more recesses, in which space-maintaining elements and / or protective devices (49) for elements of windows, doors or other openings are inserted wherein these space-maintaining elements and / or protective devices reach into the intermediate space (12) which is provided for the carrier layer (12);
    c) on the inner side of the outer layer (11) structures (14, 15, 16) and space-maintaining elements (17) are placed which leave free an intermediate space for concrete and the structures (14, 15, 16) and provision is made for a covering (13);
    d) the intermediate space between the outer layer (11) and covering (13) is delimited on narrow sides which extend perpendicularly to the wall element support area by respective formwork elements;
    e) the covering (13) constitutes either a second outer layer for the lowermost layered arrangement (41) of wall elements to be produced - in this case the wall elements are constructed essentially with three layers - or the covering (13) already belongs to the second layered arrangement (42) of wall elements to be produced - in this case the lowermost wall element(s) are constructed with two layers;
    f) the second wall element layered arrangement (42) of outer layer and carrier layer is constructed on the lowermost wall element layered arrangement (41) according to steps c), d) and the construction of further wall element layered arrangements (43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) is continued until a stack (10) is formed;
    g) the uppermost wall element layered arrangement (48) is covered with a cover (7) which is pressed with a pressing force in the direction of the assembly area (3) and fixed to the swivelling table (1) with continuous tension of the stack (10);
    h) the swivelling table (1) is rotated by 90° essentially about the centre of gravity (64) of the loaded swivelling table in such a manner that the open narrow sides face upwards with access to the respective intermediate spaces;
    i) the intermediate spaces of the respective wall element layered arrangements (41 - 48) are filled from above with liquid concrete;
    j) once the concrete has hardened the cover is released from its pressing position and the wall elements are individually lifted and transported away from the wall element support area (4).
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the arrangement of the space-maintaining elements (17) takes place using a binder between the space-maintaining element and the respective outer layer.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the pressing force exerted on the stack is sufficient to clamp the space-maintaining elements (17) between their outer layer (11) and covering (13) so as to withstand impact forces of the in-flowing concrete which occur and the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid concrete.
  4. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that the wall element layered arrangements (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) are separated from each other in the stack (10) by separating sheets.
  5. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that at least some of the layered arrangements (41, 42, 43, 44) have a thick foam panel as an outer layer (11) for the formation of wall elements for external walls.
  6. Method according to claim 5,
    characterised in that a thin cladding layer is provided as an outer layer of each wall element for the inside of a building.
  7. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that each layered arrangement (41 to 48) is constructed in the form of a sandwich with two outer layers and an intermediate layer.
  8. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
    characterised in that space fillers are provided in order to complete the stack (10) to form a cuboid.
  9. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 8,
    characterised in that formwork elements which come to lie close to the outer side of the stack (10) are protected from heat transition with adapted blocks of foam.
  10. Apparatus for producing wall elements in accordance with a method according to claim 1, comprising:
    a swivelling table formed as a large square with bearing areas (3, 4) arranged at an angle to each other, of which one area constitutes an assembly area and the other area constitutes a wall element support area and wherein the swivelling table (1) is suspended on a holding device (60) in such a way that it can be rotated;
    a swivel device (67) in order to bring the swivelling table (1) into an assembly position in which the assembly area is horizontal and into a casting and unloading position in which the assembly area is vertical, and wherein the apparatus comprises a covering apparatus (7) for connecting through pressing one or several wall elements arranged in a stack on the assembly area.
  11. Apparatus according to claim 10,
    characterised in that the angle between the assembly area (3) and the wall element support area (4) is a right angle.
  12. Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterised in that the swivelling table (1) has a fixed end wall (5) which is perpendicular to the assembly area (3) and the wall element support area (4).
  13. Apparatus according to claim 12,
    characterised in that a further, removable end wall (6) is provided which is designed to be assembled on the swivelling table (1) parallel to the fixed end wall (5).
  14. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the apparatus has a lifting device (68) for lifting and lowering the bearing areas (3 , 4).
  15. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 14, characterised in that the swivelling table (1) is rotatably suspended in the centre of gravity (64) on a holding device (60).
  16. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 15, characterised in that the swivelling table comprises a rotating device (68a, 69) for rotating the bearing areas (3, 4).
  17. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 16, characterised in that the apparatus comprises a pit area (71), in which the swivelling table (1) can be lowered.
  18. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 17, characterised in that the bearing areas (3, 4) can be used in turn as an assembly area or a wall element support area.
  19. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 18, characterised in that the bearing areas (3, 4) consist of a rigidly welded, angular carrier profile.
  20. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 19, characterised in that reinforced profiles can be flanged onto the carrier profile in order to lengthen the bearing areas (3, 4).
  21. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 20, characterised in that the covering device (7) for press connecting supports the wall elements arranged in a stack on the assembly area with a pressing pressure of preferably 1.5 t/m2.
  22. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 21, characterised in that the apparatus comprises a counter bearing (70) for the counter bearing of the swivelling table (1).
  23. Apparatus according to claim 22,
    characterised in that the counter bearing preferably comprises a double T-carrier and has a deviation in the vertical of essentially below 9 mm.
  24. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 23, characterised in that the bearing areas (3 , 4) are preferably 12 m to 14 m long and preferably a maximum of 22 m long.
  25. Use of a formwork element for use in a method according to one of the claims 1 to 9 wherein the formwork element
    comprises a tube (21) with longitudinal ribs (23) and transverse slits (22) which are arranged in a certain angular position relatively to the axis of the tube wherein the transverse slits (22) are arranged at a certain distance apart in order to hold connecting reinforcements (27) which reach partially into the intermediate area of a wall element layered arrangement to be filled with concrete and are formed outside of the intermediate area into a loop so as to form an eyelet (29).
  26. Use of a formwork element according to claim 25,
    characterised in that a centring rod (24) is provided with the formwork element, said centring rod (24) being constructed to be pushed through the middle of the tube and eyelets (29) of the connecting reinforcement (27) and to be held centred.
  27. Use of a formwork element according to claim 26,
    characterised in that with the formwork element connecting bits (26) are provided on the centring rod (24) which are arranged for the further holding of the connecting reinforcement (27).
EP99953794A 1998-10-13 1999-10-13 Method and apparatus for manufacturing wall elements Expired - Lifetime EP1121232B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19846984A DE19846984A1 (en) 1998-10-13 1998-10-13 Assembly for the prodn of large-dimension building wall units forms a stack of wall components on a tilting table with access to the intermediate spaces to be filled by concrete poured from above
DE19846984 1998-10-13
PCT/EP1999/007673 WO2000021724A1 (en) 1998-10-13 1999-10-13 Device for producing wall elements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1121232A1 EP1121232A1 (en) 2001-08-08
EP1121232B1 true EP1121232B1 (en) 2006-01-04

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CN (1) CN1134327C (en)
AT (1) ATE314910T1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2347141C (en)
CY (1) CY1105351T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ301156B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19846984A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1121232T3 (en)
EA (1) EA003038B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2252984T3 (en)
FI (1) FI20010775A (en)
HU (1) HU225816B1 (en)
NO (1) NO323822B1 (en)
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TR (1) TR200101050T2 (en)
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RU2548831C2 (en) * 2009-02-16 2015-04-20 Лангенштайн Энд Шеман Гмбх Structure and method for stacking stackable bodies, in particular sand-lime bricks
CN118514975B (en) * 2024-07-19 2024-09-20 山西路桥第六工程有限公司 Prefabricated T roof beam storage beam adjustable support device

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GB214791A (en) * 1923-03-12 1924-05-01 Charles Terry Improvements in machines for moulding tiles
CH441096A (en) * 1966-12-30 1967-07-31 Zorislav Dipl Ing Franjetic Method and device for the production of plate-shaped or beam-shaped concrete bodies
US3743235A (en) 1970-12-24 1973-07-03 S Shelley Apparatus for fabricating units of moldable building material
DD124022A1 (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-02-02
FR2343570A1 (en) 1976-03-08 1977-10-07 Capdevila Xarto Claudio MOLDING MACHINE ESPECIALLY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TILE-SHAPED CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS
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DE19733755C2 (en) 1997-08-05 2000-12-14 Ipa Isorast Internat S A Large wall elements and method and device for producing them

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WO2000021724A1 (en) 2000-04-20
US6651397B1 (en) 2003-11-25
HUP0104011A3 (en) 2002-04-29
PL347241A1 (en) 2002-03-25
CA2347141A1 (en) 2000-04-20
UA66885C2 (en) 2004-06-15
CN1134327C (en) 2004-01-14
NO20011814L (en) 2001-06-11
EA003038B1 (en) 2002-12-26
CZ20011326A3 (en) 2002-04-17
NO323822B1 (en) 2007-07-09
ES2252984T3 (en) 2006-05-16
CA2347141C (en) 2009-12-29
EA200100431A1 (en) 2002-04-25
HUP0104011A2 (en) 2002-03-28
CN1326397A (en) 2001-12-12
DK1121232T3 (en) 2006-05-22
ATE314910T1 (en) 2006-02-15
PL193778B1 (en) 2007-03-30
EP1121232A1 (en) 2001-08-08
FI20010775A (en) 2001-04-12
CY1105351T1 (en) 2010-03-03
DE19846984A1 (en) 2000-04-27
CZ301156B6 (en) 2009-11-18
NO20011814D0 (en) 2001-04-10
DE59913025D1 (en) 2006-03-30
TR200101050T2 (en) 2002-07-22
AU1036200A (en) 2000-05-01
HU225816B1 (en) 2007-10-29

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