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EP1166909B1 - Method and apparatus for the making of branched pipes - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the making of branched pipes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1166909B1
EP1166909B1 EP01250246A EP01250246A EP1166909B1 EP 1166909 B1 EP1166909 B1 EP 1166909B1 EP 01250246 A EP01250246 A EP 01250246A EP 01250246 A EP01250246 A EP 01250246A EP 1166909 B1 EP1166909 B1 EP 1166909B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
break
pipe
accordance
edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01250246A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1166909A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Engelmann
Roland Drommer
Ulrich. Keil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMB Innovative Produkte Wildau GmbH
Original Assignee
SMB INNOVATIVE PRODUKTE WILDAU
SMB Innovative Produkte Wildau GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by SMB INNOVATIVE PRODUKTE WILDAU, SMB Innovative Produkte Wildau GmbH filed Critical SMB INNOVATIVE PRODUKTE WILDAU
Publication of EP1166909A1 publication Critical patent/EP1166909A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1166909B1 publication Critical patent/EP1166909B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/28Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
    • B21C37/29Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/28Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
    • B21C37/29Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
    • B21C37/298Forming collars by flow-drilling

Definitions

  • the tool is under Execution of a rotational movement brought into the hole and flared during or when moving out due to its special profile the edge of the hole by pulling material outwards.
  • a rotational movement brought into the hole and flared during or when moving out due to its special profile the edge of the hole by pulling material outwards.
  • An example for a tool designed in this way is described in DE 32 38 978 A1 given.
  • a special cathedral is described, which on its End has a flat molded part.
  • the fast rotating Tool is inserted into the pipe section to be provided with the pipe outlet Round hole created, the edge of which then through the on the molding trained processing edges crimped to form a collar becomes.
  • EP 0 752 289 also describes a special necking tool.
  • This in the proposed tool has at least two on its circumference extendable rollers, which are pressed against the edge of the hole, this when pulling back the tool, flare up to form a collar.
  • the latter document also considered a known solution in which a cylindrical, itself fast rotating tool in the bore to be necked Pendulum movement executes. Exercises when swinging against the edge of the hole the tool exerts a certain amount of pressure against the edge and pulls while pulling material out of the hole.
  • the disadvantage here is that with the procedure described only tapered pipe outlets can be produced in which there is also a certain amount at the base of the cone Can adjust material weakening. The pendulum movement will driven tool also relatively heavily used.
  • the molding tool For shaping the pipe outlet is the molding tool, which is at an angle of attack to the central axis of a Start of the forming process in the breakthrough made in the workpiece is arranged so under the overhang of the bending shape of the Breakthrough procedure that with a downward movement of the Machine table the protruding edge is bent out and against the contour the bending mold is pressed.
  • Bending forms For the application of this procedure are Bending forms required, which cause additional costs. You can also using this method only exits in such materials more tubular Semi-finished products are made that have a relatively low strength and over have high flow properties.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method which it under Avoiding the disadvantages of the solutions presented above, especially for small diameter steel pipes (diameter 11 mm and less) either conical or cylindrical pipe outlets produce.
  • the aim is to create cylindrical pipe outlets with a corresponding to the pipe diameter or even with a smaller one Diameter may be possible.
  • the task continues to be one of Suitable device for carrying out the method according to the invention create.
  • the object is achieved by a method with the features of Main claim solved.
  • a suitable one for performing this procedure Device is characterized by claim 12.
  • advantageous Refinements or developments of the invention are by Subclaims given.
  • This breakthrough is then extracted using a tool, which as a rotationally symmetrical, tapered at its end tapered dome is formed with a smooth surface and rotatably mounted.
  • the necking happens by the tool multiplying in one repeating the cycle firstly without contact into the breakthrough, then against the edge of the opening, touching the edge and itself moving with the end under the edge, moving and then gradually out the breakthrough is moved out. This rotates during this process Workpiece around the perpendicular bisector of the opening previously made.
  • the Tool on the other hand, is not actively driven, but it rolls when the Breakthrough edge on this, so that the material without any significant Sliding friction in a flow movement with formation of the walls for the generating pipe outlet moved outwards.
  • contactless Driving in and when pulling out to the edge of the opening moving tool has its longitudinal axis essential to the invention one slightly inclined towards the central axis of the opening Tool setting angle ⁇ on.
  • the opening As an elongated hole, its longer axis with the longitudinal axis of the pipe outlet provided pipe section coincides or in only a minor Angle is inclined against this longitudinal axis.
  • the waste to be generated must namely in the Edge areas of the workpiece axis less material to the outside be pressed so that basically unnecessary material is already removed can be made by the breakthrough as an elongated hole corresponding axis position is trained. Due to the rotation of the workpiece, however, also occur in slight direction of rotation opposite flow movements of the Material on.
  • the procedural regime can also advantageously be designed so that the Necking takes place in several stages, each with several cycles, the Feed speed when moving the tool out of the Breakthrough from one stage to the next is maintained or reduced. Also again depending on the material and thickness of the workpiece to be machined remains the tool setting angle ⁇ in such a multi-stage implementation of the process in each case unchanged or is from a process stage to next slightly enlarged.
  • the tool angle ⁇ , with which the Tool tapered at its end, preferably remains the same.
  • the tool when necking advantageously on a Cartesian track guided. It is initially contactless in the easy against the The tool setting angle inclined in the vertical direction of the opening Breakthrough in and then at right angles to the edge emotional. Again depending on the material and dimensions of the workpiece as well as the desired diameter or shape for the approach Tool when moving against the edge of the opening, but also in an acute angle against the straight line of movement when inserting into the Breakthrough.
  • the method is advantageously developed if facing the neck a face milling for deburring and smoothing the generated Connects pipe outlet.
  • a device suitable for carrying out the method is as one Machine in the form of a carousel with at least four work stations educated.
  • One of the workstations is used to load blanks in Form of pipe sections or the removal of finished Workpieces.
  • At least one work station is used for the necking of the previously in the workpiece is made by drilling or milling round or elongated holes.
  • At least one workpiece holder is for holding the workpiece intended.
  • the workpiece holder is designed so that the tubular Workpiece clamped during the entire machining process and during necking in a rotational movement around the perpendicular bisector of the previously created one Breakthrough can be moved.
  • Arrives at the necking station (s) Tool for use which as a rotationally symmetrical, attached to its End tapered dome is formed with a smooth surface.
  • the Tool which is at a slightly inclined angle in the opening is brought to the throat at the workstations provided feed devices with a predeterminable Feed speed both axially and radially to that on the workpiece contour to be moved is movable.
  • the feed is preferably by Servo or asynchronous motors accomplished.
  • the machine does preferably over a number corresponding to the number of work stations Workpiece holders, however, the workpiece remains in any case for reasons the desired accuracy for the contour to be generated during the whole with drilling a round hole or slot milling starting in the end and finishing with the face milling in the clamped the same tool holder. Because of the carousel-like Construction of the machine is this tool holder after each Completion of a process step or a process step by turning the carousel from one workstation to the next.
  • the device according to the invention advantageously has at least two Workstations to neck out on.
  • the tool angle ⁇ of the mandrel with which this tapers at its end is preferably 6 ° to 10 °.
  • the Tool setting angle ⁇ which is the inclination of the tool relative to the The perpendicular to the breakthrough is advantageously low Limits are variable and about twice as large as the tool angle ⁇ .
  • the exact values for the tool angle, the tool setting angle and the feed of the tool depend, as already emphasized on the material of the Material thickness and the size and shape of the pipe outlet to be produced from. They can be empirically determined for different constellations and for the manufacturing process can be specified in tabular form.
  • the interesting thing The solution is that necking out using a very simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture tool is possible.
  • the stress on the tool is maintained even during machining of steel within limits, so that there is a long service life.
  • the peripheral speed of the self not driven, but rotatably mounted tool of the respective Adjusts the circumferential speed of the neck contour, and thereby a low, there is only sliding friction caused by slip.
  • the in the course of Cold forming necessary flow movements of the material are in the Basically through appropriate specifications for the angles and the feed reached.
  • the device shown in the example is as a machine in the form of a carousel with five work stations 6, 7, 8, 8 ', 9 educated.
  • the loading takes place processing blanks and later the removal of the according to the process a T-shaped fittings provided with a pipe outlet. It is very important that the workpiece 1 during the entire machining in one Workpiece holder 10 is clamped and with this after completion a procedural step that is moved from one work station to the next.
  • the Workstation 7 following the loading station is first turned on Round or elongated hole in the lateral surface of the tubular workpiece 1 brought in.
  • the workpiece 1 is at rest and is by the Workpiece holder 10 only held. That to create the breakthrough 2 serving tool, a drill or milling cutter, however, is driven. To the introduction of the opening 2 closes at the next work station 8 the first stage of necking, necking ahead. With this Method step, the workpiece 1 is designed accordingly Workpiece holder 10 in rotation around the perpendicular 3 of the generated Breakthrough 2 offset.
  • Feed devices 11, 12 becomes the tool not shown in FIG. 1 (See Fig. 2), which as a rotationally symmetrical, on its End tapered dome 4 is formed with a smooth surface on the guided according to the method provided by the invention.
  • the tool 4 is initially at a slight angle against the Center perpendicular 3 of the opening 2 inclined, introduced into the opening 2 and then move against the edge of the opening 2 so that the tool 4 touches the edge of the opening and the tool end under the Edge moves. With the workpiece 1 still rotating, the tool 4 finally at a constant feed rate gradually from the Breakthrough 2 moved out. This process is three per necking station 8, 8 ' repeated up to eight times.
  • FIG. 2 The position of the tool 4 and that of it during a machining cycle traversed path are illustrated in FIG. 2. As can be seen, it will Tool 4, whose longitudinal axis 5 relative to the perpendicular 3 of the Breakthrough 2 has the tool angle ⁇ , after insertion into the Breakthrough 2 through the feed device 12 as shown in FIG. 2 led to the left against the edge of the opening 2, which is tapered end of the tool inside the pipe section under the Edge of the breakthrough moved.
  • the direction of movement of the tool 4 against the edge of the opening 2 is such that after the impact of the Tool 4 on the edge of the opening 2, the tip of the tool 4 in Cavity of the pipe section at the beginning partly through the workpiece jacket, after reaching the circular contour entirely through the outer surface is covered.
  • the tool 4 by means of the other Feed device 11 parallel to the straight line on which it is during insertion moved into the breakthrough 2, moved out of this again, it being the Material pulls outwards.
  • the tool 4 is rotationally symmetrical and has a cylindrical clamping pin according to the example.
  • the outer surface of the tool in the example is also in the front tapered area slightly curved. The most favorable course of these Free form - it can also be a truncated cone - depends again on Material and geometric sizes of the workpiece or the one to be manufactured Fittings.
  • the tool 4 experiences at the first work station 8 serving for the necking when driving out of the breakthrough 2 none against the edge of the Breakthrough 2 directional feed more.
  • the wall thickness of the pipe section to be machined and the shape and the size of the pipe outlet to be produced can be determined by the tool 4 at the second necking station 8 ', while moving out of the Breakthrough 2, at the same time another against the edge of the breakthrough 2 directional feed motion can be performed. That way it’s about Example, it is also possible to have a pipe outlet that widens outwards produce.
  • the tool setting angle ⁇ , d. H. the angle at which the longitudinal axis 5 of the tool against the The perpendicular 3 of the opening 2 is inclined from the first to the second Level can be increased somewhat.
  • the tool 4 experiences at both necking stations 8, 8 'according to this example no further feed while moving out of the opening 2 in the radial direction. The feeds remain unchanged at both stations.
  • the tool 4 of the second necking station 8 faces it used a larger diameter when necking ahead. Otherwise serves to divide the necking out over two process stages Realization of one for the passage of a multitude of successively machining workpieces at favorable cycle times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves forming a round or slot-shaped hole (2) in the surface of a pipe section (1) using a rotationally symmetrical conically-tapering tool (4) to form a neck. The work piece is rotated several times around the mid-perpendicular (3) of the hole and the tool is introduced at a small angle to the mid-perpendicular and held against the edge of the hole and fed in and out of the hole at a constant angle, to roll the edge of the hole. An Independent claim is included for a device for implementing the method.

Description

Für unterschiedliche Einsatzzwecke ist es erforderlich, an zylindrischen Rohren Rohrabgänge bzw. -ansätze zu erzeugen. Beispielsweise ist dies bei der Herstellung t-förmiger Fittings der Fall. Eine Möglichkeit zur Herstellung solcher t-förmiger Fittings besteht darin, in die Mantelfläche des Rohrstücks einen v-förmigen Schnitt einzubringen und hieran ein entsprechend geformtes rohrförmiges Ansatzstück durch Schweißen oder Hartlöten anzusetzen. Diese Vorgehensweise hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass die durch Hartlöten oder Schweißen zu erzeugende Verbindungsnaht aufgrund der V-Form relativ schwierig in einer hinreichend guten Qualität herzustellen ist. Daher sind bereits unterschiedliche Verfahren bekannt geworden, Rohrabgänge durch das Aushalsen einer in die Mantelfläche eingebrachten Bohrung herzustellen. Das Aushalsen erfolgt dabei entweder mittels eines in besonderer Weise profilierten bohrer bzw. dornähnlichen Werkzeugs oder mittels in spezieller Weise unterhalb des Randes der Bohrung aufspreizbarer Werkzeuge.For different purposes it is necessary to use cylindrical tubes To produce pipe exits or approaches. For example, this is the case with the Manufacturing t-shaped fittings the case. One way to make such t-shaped Fittings consists in a V-shaped in the outer surface of the pipe section Make a cut and then a correspondingly shaped one to attach tubular extension by welding or brazing. This Procedure has the disadvantage, however, that that is by brazing or Welding seam to be produced relatively due to the V-shape difficult to produce in a sufficiently good quality. Therefore are already different methods become known, pipe exits through the Necking a hole made in the lateral surface. The Necking is done either by means of a profiled in a special way drill or mandrel-like tool or in a special way below the edge of the hole of expandable tools.

Bei der erstgenannten Gruppe von Werkzeugen wird das Werkzeug unter Ausführung einer Rotationsbewegung in die Bohrung eingebracht und bördelt dabei oder beim Wiederherausbewegen aufgrund seiner speziellen Profilierung den Rand der Bohrung auf, indem es Material nach außen zieht. Ein Beispiel für ein in dieser Weise gestaltetes Werkzeug ist durch die DE 32 38 978 A1 gegeben. In der Schrift wird ein spezieller Dom beschrieben, welcher an seinem Ende ein flaches Formgebungsteil besitzt. Mittels des schnell drehenden Werkzeugs wird in dem mit dem Rohrabgang zu versehenden Rohrstück ein Rundloch erzeugt, dessen Rand dann durch die an dem Formgebungsteil ausgebildeten Bearbeitungskanten unter Bildung eines Kragens aufgebördelt wird.In the former group of tools, the tool is under Execution of a rotational movement brought into the hole and flared during or when moving out due to its special profile the edge of the hole by pulling material outwards. An example for a tool designed in this way is described in DE 32 38 978 A1 given. In the scripture a special cathedral is described, which on its End has a flat molded part. By means of the fast rotating Tool is inserted into the pipe section to be provided with the pipe outlet Round hole created, the edge of which then through the on the molding trained processing edges crimped to form a collar becomes.

Eine andere Lösung ist durch die DE 31 02 105 A1 bekannt geworden. Hier erfolgt das sogenannte Ausziehen des Materials zur Schaffung eines etwa zylinderförmigen Rohrabgangs dadurch, dass das verwendete Werkzeug aufgrund seiner speziellen konstruktiven Gestaltung zum Ausbördeln aufspreizbar bzw. in seinem Durchmesser veränderbar ist. An dem bohrerähnlichen Werkzeug sind dazu in der Schritt als Formglieder bezeichnete und als Bördeleinrichtung wirkende Stifte oder Finger ausfahlbar bzw. ausklappbar. Diese werden nach dem Durchbohren einer Rohrwand oder einer planen Platte aus dem zunächst als Bohrer fungierenden Werkzeug herausgeschoben und ziehen aufgrund der Rotation des Werkzeugs beim Zurückziehen aus der Bohrung das Material in annähernd zylinderförmigen Querschnitt aus der mit der Bohrung versehenen Wand oder Platte heraus.Another solution has become known from DE 31 02 105 A1. Here the so-called pulling out of the material to create an approximately cylindrical pipe outlet in that the tool used due to its special constructive design for flanging can be expanded or its diameter can be changed. To the For this purpose, drill-like tools are referred to as shaped elements in the step and pens or fingers acting as flanging devices can be foldout. These are after drilling a pipe wall or a plan the plate from the tool that will initially function as a drill pushed out and pull due to the rotation of the tool when Withdraw the material from the hole in approximately cylindrical shape Cross-section from the wall or plate provided with the hole.

Die beschriebenen Lösungen sind insbesondere bei der Bearbeitung weicher Materialien wie Kupfer relativ problemlos anzuwenden. Bei harten Materialien wie Stahl unterliegen die Werkzeuge jedoch einer sehr starken Beanspruchung. Dadurch ergibt sich bei der Bearbeitung von Stahl eine relativ geringe Standzeit für die aufgrund ihrer komplizierte Profilierung bzw. Konstruktion ohnehin recht teuren Werkzeuge. Bei den in der Art einer Zange aufspreizbaren oder mit ausfahr- oder ausklappbaren Bolzen ausgestatteten Werkzeugen ergeben sich zusätzliche, konstruktiv bedingte Probleme bei der Erzeugung von Aushalsungen kleinen Querschnitts. Rohrabgänge mit Durchmessers von 11mm oder weniger lassen sich mit derartigen Werkzeugen zumindest bei Stahlrohren in der Regel nicht herstellen. The solutions described are softer, especially when processing Materials such as copper can be used relatively easily. With hard materials like However, steel is subject to very high stresses on the tools. This results in a relatively short service life when machining steel for the right anyway due to their complicated profile or construction expensive tools. With those that can be spread out like a pair of pliers or with extendable or fold-out bolts equipped tools result additional, design-related problems in the production of neckings small cross section. Pipe outlets with a diameter of 11mm or less can usually be used with such tools, at least for steel pipes do not manufacture.

Auch die EP 0 752 289 beschreibt ein spezielles Aushalsungswerkzeug. Das in der Schrift vorgeschlagene Werkzeug weist zumindest zwei an seinem Umfang ausfahrbare Rollen auf, welche gegen den Rand der Bohrung gedrückt, diesen beim Zurückziehung des Werkzeugs unter Ausbildung eines Kragens aufbörteln. Bei der Schilderung des Standes der Technik wird in der letztgenannten Schrift auch eine Lösung als bekannt angesehen, bei welcher ein zylinderförmiges, sich schnell drehendes Werkzeug in der auszuhalsenden Bohrung einen Pendelbewegung ausführt. Beim Schwingen gegen den Rand der Bohrung übt das Werkzeug jeweils einen gewissen Druck gegen den Rand aus und zieht dabei während des Zurückziehens aus der Bohrung Material aus dieser heraus. Nachteilig ist es hierbei, dass mit der geschilderten Vorgehensweise ausschließlich kegelförmige Rohrabgänge erzeugt werden können, bei denen sich außerdem am Fußpunkt des so entstehenden Kegels eine gewisse Materialschwächung einstellen kann. Durch die Pendelbewegung wird das getriebene Werkzeug ebenfalls verhältnismäßig stark beansprucht.EP 0 752 289 also describes a special necking tool. This in the proposed tool has at least two on its circumference extendable rollers, which are pressed against the edge of the hole, this when pulling back the tool, flare up to form a collar. When describing the prior art, the latter document also considered a known solution in which a cylindrical, itself fast rotating tool in the bore to be necked Pendulum movement executes. Exercises when swinging against the edge of the hole the tool exerts a certain amount of pressure against the edge and pulls while pulling material out of the hole. The disadvantage here is that with the procedure described only tapered pipe outlets can be produced in which there is also a certain amount at the base of the cone Can adjust material weakening. The pendulum movement will driven tool also relatively heavily used.

Aus der US 656,425 ist es bekannt, einen vorgeformten, sich konisch nach Außen verjüngenden Abgang mittels eines rotierenden und um die Rotationsachse verschwenkbaren Werkzeugs in eine zylindrische Form zu überführen. Die Schrift lässt offen, auf welche Weise der zunächst konisch verlaufende Abgang zuvor erzeugt wurde. Zum Erhalt der zylindrischen Form für den Rohrabgang werden dessen zunächst an ihren Enden aufeinander zulaufenden Wandungen mittels des dornartigen an seiner Spitze konisch ausgebildeten Werkzeugs quasi auseinander gedrückt. Die hierbei entstehende Gleitreibung zwischen dem angetriebenen Werkzeug und dem Werkstück führt, ebenso wie bei den zuvor erläuterten Verfahren, zu einer starken Beanspruchung des Werkzeugs, in deren Folge sich außerdem ein unerwünschter Materialübergang vom Werkzeug zum Werkstück vollzieht. Durch das sich an den Innenflächen des Rohrabgangs ablagernde Abriebsmaterial des Werkzeugs entstehen an den entsprechenden Stellen auch bei der Verwendung rostfreien Materials für das Rohr in nachteiliger Weise Ansatzpunkte für eine Rostbildung.From US 656,425 it is known to have a pre-shaped, conical shape External tapered outlet by means of a rotating and around the Rotation axis pivotable tool into a cylindrical shape convict. The font leaves open how it is initially conical running waste was previously generated. To maintain the cylindrical shape for the pipe outlet are first of all at their ends tapered walls by means of the thorn-like conical at its tip trained tool quasi pushed apart. The resulting one Sliding friction between the driven tool and the workpiece, as with the previously explained methods, to a heavy load of the tool, as a result of which an undesirable Material transition from tool to workpiece takes place. Because of that abrasion material of the tool that deposits on the inner surfaces of the pipe outlet arise in the appropriate places also when using stainless steel Material for the pipe disadvantageously starting points for rust formation.

Eine gänzlich andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, in den Rohrabschnitt eine Kugel einzubringen und in dem dann verschlossenem Rohr einen Überdruck aufzubauen, durch den sich die Kugel unter Bildung eines auskragenden Loches durch die Rohrwand drückt. Auch dieses Verfahren ist aber vorzugsweise nur für weiche Materialien geeignet. Zudem lässt sich das Verfahren nur durchführen, wenn der Durchmesser der verwendeten Kugel dem des bearbeiteten Rohrabschnitts entspricht. Damit ist die Erzeugung durchgangsreduzierter Rohrabgänge nicht möglich.An entirely different way is to put a ball in the pipe section and introduce an overpressure in the then closed pipe build up, through which the ball forms a cantilevered hole through the pipe wall. However, this method is also preferably only for suitable for soft materials. In addition, the method can only be carried out if the diameter of the ball used is that of the machined one Pipe section corresponds. The generation is thus reduced in passage Pipe outlets not possible.

Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohrabgängen in einem rohrförmigen Halbzeug ist aus US 3 151 657 bekannt. Dieses Verfahren arbeitet mit einem umlaufenden Formwerkzeug, das. beispielsweise in die Werkzeugaufnahme der Arbeitsspindel einer Vertikalfräsmaschine eingespannt ist und aus einem Rollkörper besteht, der auf einem Zapfen des Werkzeuges drehbar gelagert ist, während das auszuhalsende Werkstück unter Verwendung einer Biegeform, die die Abmessungen und die Kontur des Rohrabganges bestimmt und festlegt, auf den Fräsmaschinentisch aufgespannt ist. Für das Ausformen des Rohrabganges wird das Formwerkzeug, das unter einem Anstellwinkel zur Mittelachse eines vor Beginn des Umformprozesses in das Werkstück eingebrachten Durchbruches angeordnet ist, so unter den gegenüber der Biegeform überstehenden Rand des Durchbruches verfahren, dass bei einer Abwärtsbewegungen des Maschinentisches der überstehende Rand ausgebogen und gegen die Kontur der Biegeform verpresst wird. Für die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens sind Biegeformen erforderlich, die zusätzliche Kosten verursachen. Außerdem können nach diesem Verfahren nur Abgänge in solchen Materialien rohrförmiger Halbzeuge hergestellt werden, die über eine relativ geringe Festigkeit und über hohe Fließeigenschaften verfügen.Another method of making pipe exits in a tubular Semi-finished products are known from US 3 151 657. This procedure works with one revolving mold, which, for example, in the tool holder of the Working spindle of a vertical milling machine is clamped and from one There is a rolling body which is rotatably mounted on a pin of the tool, while the workpiece to be necked using a bending mold, the determines and defines the dimensions and the contour of the pipe outlet the milling machine table is clamped. For shaping the pipe outlet is the molding tool, which is at an angle of attack to the central axis of a Start of the forming process in the breakthrough made in the workpiece is arranged so under the overhang of the bending shape of the Breakthrough procedure that with a downward movement of the Machine table the protruding edge is bent out and against the contour the bending mold is pressed. For the application of this procedure are Bending forms required, which cause additional costs. You can also using this method only exits in such materials more tubular Semi-finished products are made that have a relatively low strength and over have high flow properties.

Die zuletzt genannten Faktoren treffen ebenfalls für die in SU 1 310 077 B1 und EP 0 007 871 B1 beschriebenen Lösungsvorschläge zu, die zur Herstellung von Rohrabgängen durch Umformprozesse bzw. zur Ausformung von Werkstückhalbzeugen Biegeformen resp. Matrizen vorsehen.The latter factors also apply to those in SU 1 310 077 B1 and Proposed solutions described in EP 0 007 871 B1 for the production of Pipe exits through forming processes or for forming Semi-finished workpieces Provide matrices.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches es unter Vermeidung der Nachteile der zuvor dargestellten Lösungen ermöglicht, insbesondere bei Stahlrohren kleinen Durchmessers (Durchmesser 11 mm und weniger) wahlweise kegelförmige oder zylinderförmige Rohrabgänge zu erzeugen. Dabei soll das Erzeugen zylinderförmiger Rohrabgänge mit einem dem Rohrdurchmesser entsprechenden oder sogar mit einem geringeren Durchmesser möglich sein. Die Aufgabe besteht weiterhin darin, eine zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung zu schaffen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method which it under Avoiding the disadvantages of the solutions presented above, especially for small diameter steel pipes (diameter 11 mm and less) either conical or cylindrical pipe outlets produce. The aim is to create cylindrical pipe outlets with a corresponding to the pipe diameter or even with a smaller one Diameter may be possible. The task continues to be one of Suitable device for carrying out the method according to the invention create.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Eine zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung wird durch den Patentanspruch 12 charakterisiert. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen bzw. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind durch die Unteransprüche gegeben.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a method with the features of Main claim solved. A suitable one for performing this procedure Device is characterized by claim 12. advantageous Refinements or developments of the invention are by Subclaims given.

Entsprechend dem vorgeschlagenen kaltverformenden Verfahren wird bei einem zur Herstellung eines Fittings dienenden Rohrabschnitt zunächst ein als Rundoder Langloch ausgebildeter Durchbruch in dessen Mantelfläche eingebracht. Anschließend wird dieser Durchbruch mittels eines Werkzeugs ausgehalst, welches als ein rotationssymmetrischer, sich an seinem Ende konisch verjüngender Dom mit glatter Oberfläche ausgebildet und drehbar gelagert ist. Das Aushalsen geschieht, indem das Werkzeug in einem sich mehrfach wiederholenden Zyklus zunächst berührungslos in den Durchbruch hineingeführt, anschließend gegen den Rand des Durchbruchs, den Rand berührend und sich mit dem Ende unter den Rand bewegend, verfahren und dann allmählich aus dem Durchbruch herausbewegt wird. Während dieses Vorgangs rotiert das Werkstück um die Mittelsenkrechte des zuvor eingebrachten Durchbruchs. Das Werkzeug wird hingegen nicht aktiv getrieben, rollt aber bei der Berührung des Durchbruchrandes an diesem ab, so dass sich das Material ohne nennenswerte Gleitreibung in einer Fließbewegung unter Ausbildung der Wandungen für den zu erzeugenden Rohrabgang nach außen bewegt. Beim berührungslosen Hineinfahren und beim Herausfahren des an den Rand des Durchbruchs bewegten Werkzeugs weist dessen Längsachse in erfindungswesentlicher Weise einen leicht gegen die Mittelachse des Durchbruchs geneigten Werkzeugeinstellwinkel α auf.According to the proposed cold-forming process, one for the manufacture of a pipe section serving first a round or Elongated breakthrough made in the lateral surface. This breakthrough is then extracted using a tool, which as a rotationally symmetrical, tapered at its end tapered dome is formed with a smooth surface and rotatably mounted. The necking happens by the tool multiplying in one repeating the cycle firstly without contact into the breakthrough, then against the edge of the opening, touching the edge and itself moving with the end under the edge, moving and then gradually out the breakthrough is moved out. This rotates during this process Workpiece around the perpendicular bisector of the opening previously made. The Tool, on the other hand, is not actively driven, but it rolls when the Breakthrough edge on this, so that the material without any significant Sliding friction in a flow movement with formation of the walls for the generating pipe outlet moved outwards. When contactless Driving in and when pulling out to the edge of the opening moving tool has its longitudinal axis essential to the invention one slightly inclined towards the central axis of the opening Tool setting angle α on.

Im Hinblick auf die beim Aushalsen des Durchbruchs auftretenden Fließbewegungen des Materials bzw. auf die dabei zu verdrängende Materialmenge ist es vorteilhaft, den Durchbruch als ein Langloch auszubilden, dessen längere Achse mit der Längsachse des mit dem Rohrabgang zu versehenden Rohrabschnitts zusammenfällt oder in einem nur geringfügigen Winkel gegen diese Längsachse geneigt ist. Um eine ebene Abschlusskante an dem zu erzeugenden Abgang zu erhalten, muss nämlich in den in der Werkstückachse liegenden Randbereichen weniger Material nach außen gedrückt werden, so dass dann im Grunde überflüssiges Material bereits entfernt werden kann, indem der Durchbruch als ein Langloch entsprechender Achslage ausgebildet wird. Aufgrund der Rotation des Werkstücks treten aber auch in geringfügigem Maße der Drehrichtung entgegengerichtete Fließbewegungen des Materials auf. Ein im Hinblick auf eine annähernd gleichmäßige Höhe des sich am Rand des Durchbruchs durch das Aushalsen bildenden Kragens erhält man daher, wenn die längere Achse des zuvor erzeugten Langlochs geringfügig gegen die Längsachse des Werkstücks geneigt wird. In Abhängigkeit des Materials des bearbeiteten Rohrabschnitts sowie seiner Materialstärke erfolgt das Aushalsen jeweils unter Verwendung des gleichen Werkzeugs in drei bis acht der zuvor erläuterten Zyklen.With regard to those occurring when necking the breakthrough Flow movements of the material or on the one to be displaced Amount of material, it is advantageous to design the opening as an elongated hole, its longer axis with the longitudinal axis of the pipe outlet provided pipe section coincides or in only a minor Angle is inclined against this longitudinal axis. Around a flat edge to obtain the waste to be generated must namely in the Edge areas of the workpiece axis less material to the outside be pressed so that basically unnecessary material is already removed can be made by the breakthrough as an elongated hole corresponding axis position is trained. Due to the rotation of the workpiece, however, also occur in slight direction of rotation opposite flow movements of the Material on. One with a view to an approximately uniform height of the at the edge of the opening through the neck-forming collar one obtains therefore, if the longer axis of the previously created elongated hole is slightly is inclined against the longitudinal axis of the workpiece. Depending on the Material of the processed pipe section and its material thickness necking out in three to each using the same tool eight of the cycles previously discussed.

Das Verfahrensregime kann auch vorteilhaft so gestaltet sein, dass das Aushalsen in mehreren Stufen mit jeweils mehreren Zyklen erfolgt, wobei die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit beim Herausbewegen des Werkzeugs aus dem Durchbruch von einer zur nächsten Stufe beibehalten oder verringert wird. Auch wiederum abhängig von Material und Stärke des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks bleibt der Werkzeugeinstellwinkel α bei einer solchen mehrstufigen Durchführung des Verfahrens jeweils unverändert oder wird von einer Verfahrensstufe zur nächsten geringfügig vergrößert. Der Werkzeugwinkel α, mit welchem sich das Werkzeug an seinem Ende verjüngt, bleibt vorzugsweise jeweils gleich.The procedural regime can also advantageously be designed so that the Necking takes place in several stages, each with several cycles, the Feed speed when moving the tool out of the Breakthrough from one stage to the next is maintained or reduced. Also again depending on the material and thickness of the workpiece to be machined remains the tool setting angle α in such a multi-stage implementation of the process in each case unchanged or is from a process stage to next slightly enlarged. The tool angle α, with which the Tool tapered at its end, preferably remains the same.

Entsprechend einer möglichen Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens erfolgt das Aushalsen in zwei Stufen. In der zweiten Stufe wird dabei entsprechend einer möglichen Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens das Aushalsen so ausgeführt, dass das Herausbewegen des Werkzeugs aus dem Durchbruch unter gleichzeitig weiterem Vorschub gegen dessen Rand erfolgt.This takes place according to a possible embodiment of the method Necking in two stages. In the second stage, one is accordingly possible design of the method the necking is carried out so that the Moving the tool out of the breakthrough under at the same time further feed against its edge.

Insbesondere bei kleinen Durchmessern der zu erzeugenden Rohrabgänge wird das Werkzeug beim Aushalsen vorteilhafter weise auf einer kartesischen Bahn geführt. Es wird dabei zunächst berührungslos im leicht gegen die Mittelsenkrechte des Durchbruchs geneigten Werkzeugeinstellwinkel in den Durchbruch hinein und dann im rechten Winkel dazu gegen dessen Rand bewegt. Wiederum abhängig von Material und Abmessungen des Werkstücks sowie vom für den Ansatz angestrebten Durchmesser bzw. seiner Form kann das Werkzeug bei seiner Bewegung gegen den Rand des Durchbruchs, aber auch in einem spitzen Winkel gegen die Bewegungsgerade beim Einführen in den Durchbruch, geführt werden. Das Verfahren ist vorteilhaft weitergebildet, wenn sich dem Aushalsen ein Planfräsen zum Entgraten und Glätten des erzeugten Rohrabgangs anschließt.Especially with small diameters of the pipe outlets to be produced the tool when necking advantageously on a Cartesian track guided. It is initially contactless in the easy against the The tool setting angle inclined in the vertical direction of the opening Breakthrough in and then at right angles to the edge emotional. Again depending on the material and dimensions of the workpiece as well as the desired diameter or shape for the approach Tool when moving against the edge of the opening, but also in an acute angle against the straight line of movement when inserting into the Breakthrough. The method is advantageously developed if facing the neck a face milling for deburring and smoothing the generated Connects pipe outlet.

Eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung ist als eine Maschine in Form eines Karussells mit wenigstens vier Arbeitsstationen ausgebildet. Eine der Arbeitsstationen dient der Bestückung mit Rohlingen in Form von Rohrabschnitten bzw. der Entnahme von fertig bearbeiteten Werkstücken. Eine nächste Arbeitstation zur Erzeugung des Rund- bzw. Langlochs in der Mantelfläche eines zu bearbeitenden Rohrabschnitts vorgesehen. Mindestens eine Arbeitsstation dient zur Aushalsung des zuvor in das Werkstück durch Bohren bzw. Fräsen eingebrachten Rund- oder Langlochs.A device suitable for carrying out the method is as one Machine in the form of a carousel with at least four work stations educated. One of the workstations is used to load blanks in Form of pipe sections or the removal of finished Workpieces. A next work station for generating the round or Elongated hole in the outer surface of a pipe section to be machined intended. At least one work station is used for the necking of the previously in the workpiece is made by drilling or milling round or elongated holes.

Schließlich erfolgt an einer weiteren Arbeitsstation ein Planfräsen der Abschlusskante einer erzeugten Aushalsung bevor das Werkstück schließlich zur Entnahme an die erste und gleichzeitig letzte Arbeitsstation zurückgeführt wird. Zur Aufnahme des Werkstück ist mindestens eine Werkstückaufnahme vorgesehen. Die Werkstückaufnahme ist so gestaltet, dass darin das rohrförmige Werkstück während der gesamten Bearbeitung eingespannt und beim Aushalsen in eine Rotationsbewegung um die Mittelsenkrechte des zuvor erzeugten Durchbruchs versetzt werden kann. An der oder den Aushalsstationen kommt ein Werkzeug zum Einsatz, welches als ein rotationssymmetrischer, sich an seinem Ende konisch verjüngender Dom mit glatter Oberfläche ausgebildet ist. Das Werkzeug, welches in einem leicht geneigten Winkel in den Durchbruch hineingeführt wird, ist mittels dafür an den Arbeitsstationen zur Aushalsung vorgesehener Vorschubeinrichtungen mit einer vorgebaren Vorschubgeschwindigkeit sowohl axial als auch radial zu der am Werkstück auszuhalsenden Kontur bewegbar. Der Vorschub wird vorzugsweise durch Servo- oder Asynchronmotore bewerkstelligt. Zwar verfügt die Maschine vorzugsweise über eine der Zahl der Arbeitsstationen entsprechende Anzahl von Werkstückaufnahmen, jedoch bleibt in jedem Fall das Werkstück aus Gründen der angestrebten Genauigkeit für die zu erzeugende Kontur während der gesamten mit dem Bohren eines Rundlochs oder dem Langlochfräsen beginnenden sowie mit dem Planfräsenden endenden Bearbeitung in der gleichen Werkzeugaufnahme eingespannt. Aufgrund des karussellartigen Aufbaus der Maschine wird diese Werkzeugaufnahme jeweils nach dem Abschluss eines Verfahrensschrittes bzw. einer Verfahrensstufe durch Drehen des Karussells von einer Arbeitsstation zur nächsten bewegt.Finally, face milling is carried out at another work station Final edge of a generated necking before the workpiece is finally closed Removal is returned to the first and last work station at the same time. At least one workpiece holder is for holding the workpiece intended. The workpiece holder is designed so that the tubular Workpiece clamped during the entire machining process and during necking in a rotational movement around the perpendicular bisector of the previously created one Breakthrough can be moved. Arrives at the necking station (s) Tool for use, which as a rotationally symmetrical, attached to its End tapered dome is formed with a smooth surface. The Tool which is at a slightly inclined angle in the opening is brought to the throat at the workstations provided feed devices with a predeterminable Feed speed both axially and radially to that on the workpiece contour to be moved is movable. The feed is preferably by Servo or asynchronous motors accomplished. The machine does preferably over a number corresponding to the number of work stations Workpiece holders, however, the workpiece remains in any case for reasons the desired accuracy for the contour to be generated during the whole with drilling a round hole or slot milling starting in the end and finishing with the face milling in the clamped the same tool holder. Because of the carousel-like Construction of the machine is this tool holder after each Completion of a process step or a process step by turning the carousel from one workstation to the next.

Vorteilhafterweise weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zumindest zwei Arbeitsstationen zum Aushalsen auf. Der Werkzeugwinkel β des Dorns, mit dem sich dieser an seinem Ende verjüngt, beträgt vorzugsweise 6° bis 10°. Der Werkzeugeinstellwinkel α, welcher die Neigung des Werkzeugs gegenüber der Mittelsenkrechten des Durchbruchs festlegt, ist Vorteilhafterweise in geringen Grenzen variabel und etwa doppelt so groß wie der Werkzeugwinkel β.The device according to the invention advantageously has at least two Workstations to neck out on. The tool angle β of the mandrel with which this tapers at its end is preferably 6 ° to 10 °. The Tool setting angle α, which is the inclination of the tool relative to the The perpendicular to the breakthrough is advantageously low Limits are variable and about twice as large as the tool angle β.

Die genauen Werte für den Werkzeugwinkel, den Werkzeugeinstellwinkel und den Vorschub des Werkzeugs hängen, wie bereits betont vom Material der Materialstärke sowie der Größe und der Form des zu erzeugenden Rohrabgangs ab. Sie können für unterschiedliche Konstellationen empirisch ermittelt und für den Fertigungsprozess in Tabellenform vorgegeben werden. Das Interessante der Lösung besteht darin, dass das Aushalsen unter Verwendung eines sehr einfachen und daher kostengünstig herzustellenden Werkzeugs möglich ist. Zudem hält sich die Beanspruchung des Werkzeugs selbst bei der Bearbeitung von Stahl in Grenzen, so dass sich eine hohe Standzeit ergibt. Dies ergibt sich unter anderem dadurch, dass sich die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des zwar selbst nicht getriebenen, aber drehbar gelagerten Werkzeugs der jeweiligen Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Aushalskontur anpasst, und dadurch eine geringe, nur durch Schlupf verursachte Gleitreibung besteht. Die im Zuge der Kaltverformung notwendigen Fließbewegungen des Materials werden im Wesentlichen durch entsprechende Vorgaben für die Winkel und den Vorschub erreicht.The exact values for the tool angle, the tool setting angle and the feed of the tool depend, as already emphasized on the material of the Material thickness and the size and shape of the pipe outlet to be produced from. They can be empirically determined for different constellations and for the manufacturing process can be specified in tabular form. The interesting thing The solution is that necking out using a very simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture tool is possible. In addition, the stress on the tool is maintained even during machining of steel within limits, so that there is a long service life. This follows among other things, that the peripheral speed of the self not driven, but rotatably mounted tool of the respective Adjusts the circumferential speed of the neck contour, and thereby a low, there is only sliding friction caused by slip. The in the course of Cold forming necessary flow movements of the material are in the Basically through appropriate specifications for the angles and the feed reached.

Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. In der zugehörigen Zeichnung zeigen.

Fig. 1:
Eine Gesamtansicht einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
Fig. 2:
Das zum Aushalsen verwendete Werkzeug und dessen Bewegung beim Aushalsen.
The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. Show in the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1:
An overall view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention,
Fig. 2:
The tool used for necking and its movement when necking.

Durch die Fig. 1 und 2 ist ein mögliches Ausführungsbeispiel für eine zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet Vorrichtung in einer Gesamtdarstellung wiedergegeben. Die in dem Beispiel gezeigte Vorrichtung ist als eine Maschine in Form eines Karussells mit fünf Arbeitsstationen 6, 7, 8, 8', 9 ausgebildet. An der ersten Arbeitsstation 6 erfolgt die Beschickung mit den zu bearbeitenden Rohlingen und später die Entnahme des verfahrensgemäß mit einem Rohrabgang versehenen t-förmigen Fittings. Sehr wesentlich ist es, dass das Werkstück 1 während der gesamten Bearbeitung in einer Werkstückaufnahme 10 eingespannt ist und mit dieser jeweils nach Beendigung einer Verfahrensstufe, von einer Arbeitsstation zur nächsten bewegt wird. An der sich der Beschickungsstation anschließenden Arbeitsstation 7 wird zunächst ein Rund- oder Langloch in die Mantelfläche des rohrförmigen Werkstücks 1 eingebracht. Dabei befindet sich das Werkstück 1 in Ruhe und wird durch die Werkstückaufnahme 10 lediglich gehalten. Das zur Erzeugung des Durchbruchs 2 dienende Werkzeug, ein Bohrer oder Fräser, wird hingegen angetrieben. Nach dem Einbringen des Durchbruchs 2 schließt sich an der nächsten Arbeitsstation 8 die erste Stufe des Aushalsens, das Voraushalsen, an. Bei diesem Verfahrensschritt wird das Werkstück 1 mittels der entsprechend gestalteten Werkstückaufnahme 10 in Rotation um die Mittelsenkrechte 3 des erzeugten Durchbruchs 2 versetzt. Durch zwei an der Arbeitsstation 8 vorgesehene Vorschubeinrichtungen 11, 12 wird das in der Fig. 1 nicht dargestellte Werkzeug (siehe hierzu Fig. 2), welches als ein rotationssymmetrischer, sich an seinem Ende verjüngender Dom 4 mit glatter Oberfläche ausgebildet ist, auf der entsprechend dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorgesehenen Bahn geführt. Dabei wird das Werkzeug 4 zunächst in einem leichten Winkel gegen die Mittelsenkrechte 3 des Durchbruchs 2 geneigt, in den Durchbruch 2 hineingeführt und dann gegen den Rand des Durchbruchs 2 verfahren, so dass das Werkzeug 4 den Rand des Durchbruchs berührt und sich das Werkzeugende unter den Rand bewegt. Bei weiterhin rotierendem Werkstück 1 wird das Werkzeug 4 schließlich mit konstanter Vorschubgeschwindigkeit allmählich aus dem Durchbruch 2 herausbewegt. Dieser Vorgang wird pro Aushalsstation 8, 8' drei bis acht Mal wiederholt.1 and 2 is a possible embodiment for a Implementation of the method according to the invention in a suitable device Overall representation reproduced. The device shown in the example is as a machine in the form of a carousel with five work stations 6, 7, 8, 8 ', 9 educated. At the first work station 6, the loading takes place processing blanks and later the removal of the according to the process a T-shaped fittings provided with a pipe outlet. It is very important that the workpiece 1 during the entire machining in one Workpiece holder 10 is clamped and with this after completion a procedural step that is moved from one work station to the next. At the Workstation 7 following the loading station is first turned on Round or elongated hole in the lateral surface of the tubular workpiece 1 brought in. The workpiece 1 is at rest and is by the Workpiece holder 10 only held. That to create the breakthrough 2 serving tool, a drill or milling cutter, however, is driven. To the introduction of the opening 2 closes at the next work station 8 the first stage of necking, necking ahead. With this Method step, the workpiece 1 is designed accordingly Workpiece holder 10 in rotation around the perpendicular 3 of the generated Breakthrough 2 offset. By two provided at the work station 8 Feed devices 11, 12 becomes the tool not shown in FIG. 1 (See Fig. 2), which as a rotationally symmetrical, on its End tapered dome 4 is formed with a smooth surface on the guided according to the method provided by the invention. The tool 4 is initially at a slight angle against the Center perpendicular 3 of the opening 2 inclined, introduced into the opening 2 and then move against the edge of the opening 2 so that the tool 4 touches the edge of the opening and the tool end under the Edge moves. With the workpiece 1 still rotating, the tool 4 finally at a constant feed rate gradually from the Breakthrough 2 moved out. This process is three per necking station 8, 8 ' repeated up to eight times.

Die Lage des Werkzeug 4 und die von ihm während eines Bearbeitungszyklus durchlaufene Bahn sind in der Fig. 2 verdeutlicht. Wie ersichtlich, wird das Werkzeug 4, dessen Längsachse 5 gegenüber der Mittelsenkrechten 3 des Durchbruchs 2 den Werkzeugwinkel β aufweist, nach dem Einführen in den Durchbruch 2 durch die Vorschubeinrichtung 12 gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 2 nach links gegen den Rand des Durchbruchs 2 geführt, wobei sich das verjüngende Endes des Werkzeugs im Innem des Rohrabschnitts unter den Rand des Durchbruchs bewegt. Die Bewegungsrichtung des Werkzeugs 4 gegen den Rand des Durchbruchs 2 ist dabei so, dass nach dem Auftreffen des Werkzeugs 4 auf den Rand des Durchbruchs 2 die Spitze des Werkzeugs 4 im Hohlraum des Rohrstücks zu Anfang teilweise durch den Werkstückmantel, nach dem Erreichen der kreisförmigen Kontur gänzlich durch die Mantelfläche verdeckt wird. Anschließend wird das Werkzeug 4 mittels der anderen Vorschubeinrichtung 11 parallel zu der Geraden, auf der es sich beim Einführen in den Durchbruch 2 bewegt, wieder aus diesem herausbewegt, wobei es das Material mit nach außen zieht. Das Werkzeug 4 ist rotationssymmetrisch und besitzt gemäß dem Beispiel einen zylindrischen Spannzapfen. Wie in Fig. 2 zu erkennen, ist die Mantelfläche des Werkzeugs im Beispiel zudem im vorderen sich verjüngenden Bereich leicht gekrümmt. Der jeweils günstigste Verlauf dieser Freiform - es kann sich auch um einen Kegelstumpf handeln - hängt wieder vom Material und geometrischen Größen des Werkstücks bzw. des zu fertigenden Fittings ab.The position of the tool 4 and that of it during a machining cycle traversed path are illustrated in FIG. 2. As can be seen, it will Tool 4, whose longitudinal axis 5 relative to the perpendicular 3 of the Breakthrough 2 has the tool angle β, after insertion into the Breakthrough 2 through the feed device 12 as shown in FIG. 2 led to the left against the edge of the opening 2, which is tapered end of the tool inside the pipe section under the Edge of the breakthrough moved. The direction of movement of the tool 4 against the edge of the opening 2 is such that after the impact of the Tool 4 on the edge of the opening 2, the tip of the tool 4 in Cavity of the pipe section at the beginning partly through the workpiece jacket, after reaching the circular contour entirely through the outer surface is covered. Then the tool 4 by means of the other Feed device 11 parallel to the straight line on which it is during insertion moved into the breakthrough 2, moved out of this again, it being the Material pulls outwards. The tool 4 is rotationally symmetrical and has a cylindrical clamping pin according to the example. As in Fig. 2 too recognize, the outer surface of the tool in the example is also in the front tapered area slightly curved. The most favorable course of these Free form - it can also be a truncated cone - depends again on Material and geometric sizes of the workpiece or the one to be manufactured Fittings.

An der ersten, dem Aushalsen dienenden Arbeitsstation 8 erfährt das Werkzeug 4 beim Herausfahren aus dem Durchbruch 2 keinen gegen den Rand des Durchbruchs 2 gerichteten Vorschub mehr. Je nach der Materialbeschaffenheit, der Wandungsstärke des zu bearbeitenden Rohrabschnitts sowie der Form und der Größe des zu erzeugenden Rohrabgangs kann hingegen vom Werkzeug 4 an der zweiten Aushalsstation 8', während seines Herausfahrens aus dem Durchbruch 2, gleichzeitig noch eine gegen den Rand des Durchbruchs 2 gerichtete Vorschubbewegung ausgeführt werden. Auf diese Weise ist es zum Beispiel auch möglich, einen sich nach außen erweiternden Rohrabgang zu erzeugen.The tool 4 experiences at the first work station 8 serving for the necking when driving out of the breakthrough 2 none against the edge of the Breakthrough 2 directional feed more. Depending on the material properties, the wall thickness of the pipe section to be machined and the shape and the size of the pipe outlet to be produced, however, can be determined by the tool 4 at the second necking station 8 ', while moving out of the Breakthrough 2, at the same time another against the edge of the breakthrough 2 directional feed motion can be performed. That way it’s about Example, it is also possible to have a pipe outlet that widens outwards produce.

Die Geometrie des Werkzeugs 4, insbesondere der Werkzeugwinkel β, mit welchem sich der Dom 4 an seinem Ende verjüngt, ist üblicherweise an den Aushalsstationen 8, 8' gleich. Hingegen kann der Werkzeugeinstellwinkel α, d. h. der Winkel in welchem die Längsachse 5 des Werkzeugs gegen die Mittelsenkrechte 3 des Durchbruchs 2 geneigt ist, von der ersten zur zweiten Stufe etwas vergrößert werden.The geometry of the tool 4, in particular the tool angle β, with which the cathedral 4 tapers at its end is usually at the Necking stations 8, 8 'the same. In contrast, the tool setting angle α, d. H. the angle at which the longitudinal axis 5 of the tool against the The perpendicular 3 of the opening 2 is inclined from the first to the second Level can be increased somewhat.

Für die Herstellung von Fittings aus Stahl der Sorte 1,4571 werden bei einer Wandungsstärke von 1,5mm und einem Rohrdurchmesser von 15mm zum Erhalt eines zylinderförmigen Rohrabgangs mit einem dem Rohrdurchmesser entsprechendem Durchmesser beispielweise folgende Werte vorgegeben:For the production of fittings made of steel of the type 1.4571 at one Wall thickness of 1.5mm and a tube diameter of 15mm for preservation a cylindrical pipe outlet with a pipe diameter The following values are specified for the corresponding diameter, for example:

Voraushalsstation:Advance neck Station:

Zyklencycles 88th Werkzeugwinkeltool angle 8 ° WerkzeugseinstellwinkelWerkzeugseinstellwinkel 13°13 ° Vorschubfeed 0,5 mm in axial, 5 mm radial der aus-0.5 mm in axial, 5 mm in radial zuhalsenden Konturnecked contour Drehzahl desSpeed of the rotierenden Werkstücksrotating workpiece 120 min-1 120 min -1

Zweite Aushalsstation:Second necking station:

Zyklencycles 33 Werkzeugwinkeltool angle 8 ° Werkzeugeinstellwinkeltool angle 13°13 ° Vorschubfeed 0,5mm in axial, 5mm radial der aus-0.5mm in the axial, 5mm in the radial zuhalsenden Konturnecked contour Drehzahl desSpeed of the rotierenden Werkstücksrotating workpiece 120min-1 120min -1

An beiden Aushalsstationen 8, 8' erfährt das Werkzeug 4 nach diesem Beispiel während des Herausbewegens aus dem Durchbruch 2 keinen weiteren Vorschub in radialer Richtung. Die Vorschübe bleiben an beiden Stationen unverändert. Hingegen weist das Werkzeug 4 der zweiten Aushalsstation 8' gegenüber dem beim Voraushalsen verwendeten einen größeren Durchmesser auf. Ansonsten dient die Aufteilung des Aushalsens auf zwei Verfahrensstufen außerdem der Realisierung eines für den Durchlauf einer Vielzahl nacheinander zu bearbeitender Werkstücke günstigen Taktregimes. The tool 4 experiences at both necking stations 8, 8 'according to this example no further feed while moving out of the opening 2 in the radial direction. The feeds remain unchanged at both stations. On the other hand, the tool 4 of the second necking station 8 'faces it used a larger diameter when necking ahead. Otherwise serves to divide the necking out over two process stages Realization of one for the passage of a multitude of successively machining workpieces at favorable cycle times.

Liste der verwendeten Bezugszeichen:List of reference symbols used:

11
Werkstückworkpiece
22
Durchbruch, Rund- oder LanglochBreakthrough, round or elongated hole
33
MittelsenkrechtePerpendicular bisector
44
Werkzeug, DornTool, mandrel
55
Längsachselongitudinal axis
66
Arbeitsstationworkstation
77
Arbeitsstationworkstation
8, 8'8, 8 '
Arbeitsstationworkstation
99
Arbeitsstationworkstation
1010
WerkstückaufnahmeWorkpiece holder
11, 11'11, 11 '
Vorschubeinrichtungfeeder
12, 12'12, 12 '
Vorschubeinrichtungfeeder

Claims (15)

  1. Device for producing pipe outlets, preferably for the manufacture of fittings made of metal, in particular sections of pipe made of steel, in which the surface of a section of pipe is inserted into a round or slotted hole break-out (2), which is then necked by means of a rotation-symmetrical conically ending and rotatable tool (4) in which the tool (4) in a repeated cycle is inserted in the break-out (2) at a slight adjustment angle (α) to the perpendicular bisector of the side (3) of the break-out (2) without touching the rotating piece (1). Then while maintaining the selected tool adjustment angle (α) it is then moved against the edge of the break-out (2), touching the edge and moving with the end below the edge and then with the same tool adjustment angle (α) move out of the break-out (2) with a prescribed feed rate, whereby the not self-propelled tool (4) rolls off when touching the edge of the break-out (2).
  2. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the break-out (2) being shaped as a slot whose longer axis coincides with the longer axis of the section of pipe with the pipe outlet.
  3. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the break-out (2) being shaped as a slot whose longer axis which is at a slight angle to the longitudinal axis of the pipe outlet of the section of pipe.
  4. Device in accordance with claims 1 to 3, characterized by the break-out (2) depending on the material and the strength of the material of the section of pipe with the outlet using the same tool (4) in 3 to 8 cycles.
  5. Device in accordance with claims 1 to 4, characterized by the boring being performed in several stages with several cycles each, where by the feed rate when moving the tool (4) out of the break-out (2) to the next stage will be maintained or reduced.
  6. Device in accordance with claim 5, characterized by the phased necking using the same tool (4) with respect to the geometric dimensions, whereby the angle of the tool (β) with which the tool (4) narrows remains the same from one stage to the next.
  7. Device in accordance with claims 5 or 6, characterized by the tool adjustment angle (α) in which the tool (4) is angled toward the perpendicular bisector of the side (3) of the break-out (2) remains the same from one stage to the next
  8. Device in accordance with claims 5 or 6, characterized by the tool adjustment angle (α) in which the tool (4) is angled toward the perpendicular bisector of the side (3) of the break-out (2) is increased slightly from one stage to the next
  9. Device in accordance with claims 5 to 8, characterized by the boring being performed in two stages, whereby in the second step the removal of the tool (4) from the break-out (2) is performed simultaneously to the further movement toward the edge of the break-out (2).
  10. Device in accordance with claims 1 to 9, characterized by the tool (4) is directed in a Cartesian path during the boring, namely first of all without touching the break-out (2) at a slight tool adjustment angle (a) toward the perpendicular bisector of the side (3) of the break-out (2) and then at a perpendicular angle to the edge of the break-out (2).
  11. Device in accordance with claims 1 to 10, characterized by the break-out being planed to debur and smooth the edges of the pipe outlet.
  12. Device for producing pipe outlets, preferably for the manufacture of fittings made of metal, in particular sections of pipe made of steel which is shaped as a machine in the form of a carousel with at least four working stations (6, 7, 8, 8', 9) of which one (6) serves to load and remove workpieces (1), one (7) to make a breakout (2) in the form of a round or slotted hole (2) in the surface of the section of pipe formed as workpieces (1), at least one (8, 8') the opening of a round or slotted hole (2) in a workpiece (1) and a (9) planning of the edge of the opening, whereby for the insertion of pipe-shaped workpieces (1) at least one workpiece holder (10) is planned by means of which a workpiece can be held for the entire process and the working station (8, 8') for necking can be moved in a rotation around the perpendicular bisector of the side (3) of the break-out (2) made in the workpiece (1) with a tool (4), which is rotation-symmetrical with a conically ending spike at the tool adjustment angle with a smooth surface whose longitudinal axis (5)is at a slight tool adjustment angle (α) toward the perpendicular bisector of the side (3) of the break-out (2) and can be moved by means of a feed device (11, 11', 12, 12') for this on the working station (8, 8') with a prescribed speed both axially and radially to the necked contour in the piece (1).
  13. Device in accordance with claim 12, characterized by, the machine having two working stations (8, 8') for the necking of the break-out (2).
  14. Device in accordance with claim 12 or 13, characterized by, the tool angle (β), in which the spike used for necking is tapered by 6° to 10°.
  15. Device in accordance with claims 12 to 14, characterized by the tool adjustment angle (α) be variable, but preferably about twice as large as the tool angle (β).
EP01250246A 2000-06-30 2001-06-28 Method and apparatus for the making of branched pipes Expired - Lifetime EP1166909B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10032810 2000-06-30
DE10032810A DE10032810C2 (en) 2000-06-30 2000-06-30 Process for producing pipe exits, preferably for the manufacture of fittings from metallic pipe sections, and device suitable therefor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1166909A1 EP1166909A1 (en) 2002-01-02
EP1166909B1 true EP1166909B1 (en) 2004-08-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01250246A Expired - Lifetime EP1166909B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2001-06-28 Method and apparatus for the making of branched pipes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1166909B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE274380T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10032810C2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018112845A1 (en) 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 ATG Automations-Technik Gröditz GmbH & Co. KG Generation of a departure on a hollow body

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113680868B (en) * 2021-07-21 2024-05-03 淮北徽鼎铝业有限公司 Aluminum pipe bending instrument

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US656425A (en) * 1899-10-02 1900-08-21 Fritz Schilling Apparatus for enlarging ajutages of metal tubes.
US3151657A (en) * 1961-03-22 1964-10-06 United Sheet Metal Co Inc Sheet metal forming machines
FR2431898A1 (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-02-22 Bretagne Atel Chantiers MACHINE FOR HOT EXECUTION OF COLLARS IN BOMBS
FI800278A (en) * 1980-01-30 1981-07-31 Serlachius Oy FLAENSBORRANORDNING
NL8104774A (en) * 1981-10-21 1983-05-16 Drabus Bv FLUID DRILL.
SU1310077A1 (en) * 1985-10-18 1987-05-15 Ленинградский Политехнический Институт Им.М.И.Калинина Method of producing cylindrical articles
JPH0796332A (en) * 1993-09-29 1995-04-11 Sango Co Ltd Method and device for burring tube
JPH0957556A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-03-04 Enami Seiki:Kk Branch pipe forming tool, and forming method for branch pipe of metallic pipe using the tool

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018112845A1 (en) 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 ATG Automations-Technik Gröditz GmbH & Co. KG Generation of a departure on a hollow body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50103373D1 (en) 2004-09-30
DE10032810C2 (en) 2003-12-04
ATE274380T1 (en) 2004-09-15
DE10032810A1 (en) 2002-01-17
EP1166909A1 (en) 2002-01-02

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