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EP1158098A1 - Textile mesh for reinforcing bituminous layers - Google Patents

Textile mesh for reinforcing bituminous layers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1158098A1
EP1158098A1 EP01121592A EP01121592A EP1158098A1 EP 1158098 A1 EP1158098 A1 EP 1158098A1 EP 01121592 A EP01121592 A EP 01121592A EP 01121592 A EP01121592 A EP 01121592A EP 1158098 A1 EP1158098 A1 EP 1158098A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
threads
grid
fleece
bitumen
grid according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01121592A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1158098B2 (en
EP1158098B1 (en
EP1158098B9 (en
Inventor
Erfindernennung liegt noch nicht vor Die
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co filed Critical Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
Priority to EP03005795A priority Critical patent/EP1318240A3/en
Publication of EP1158098A1 publication Critical patent/EP1158098A1/en
Publication of EP1158098B1 publication Critical patent/EP1158098B1/en
Publication of EP1158098B2 publication Critical patent/EP1158098B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1158098B9 publication Critical patent/EP1158098B9/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/16—Reinforcements
    • E01C11/165—Reinforcements particularly for bituminous or rubber- or plastic-bound pavings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D04B21/165—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads with yarns stitched through one or more layers or tows, e.g. stitch-bonded fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02412—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24033—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/133—Inorganic fiber-containing scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/159—Including a nonwoven fabric which is not a scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/172—Coated or impregnated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/172—Coated or impregnated
    • Y10T442/181—Bitumen coating or impregnation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/183—Synthetic polymeric fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
    • Y10T442/191—Inorganic fiber-containing scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
    • Y10T442/197—Including a nonwoven fabric which is not a scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
    • Y10T442/198—Coated or impregnated

Definitions

  • the grid can be woven or rustled, but it can also be load-bearing parallel threads running transversely to the longitudinal direction on the load-bearing parallel longitudinal threads are placed and at the crossing points be connected to the longitudinal threads by gluing or welding.
  • a grid of this type connected to a nonwoven is known from the document EP 0 413 295 A.
  • the geotextile known from this document for the reinforcement of asphalt layers is a composite consisting of two components, one component of which is a nonwoven and the second component of which is a fabric, Knitted fabric, laid scrim, grid or other flat structure of defined yarn layer is.
  • the composite material is designed as Raschelware, in which the two components are integrated into one another by weft-laying technology.
  • the nonwoven should have good bitumen absorbency, so that when the geotextile is laid, this nonwoven is bitumen-impregnated and acts as a water barrier.
  • the nonwoven is also intended to prevent cracking and crack propagation in the asphalt layers.
  • the weight per unit area of the nonwoven should be 50 to 300 g / m 2 , preferably 100 to 180 g / m 2 .
  • this geotextile forms a separating layer.
  • an amount of adhesive to be determined depending on the pore content should be applied when laying.
  • DE 20 00 937 discloses a wide-mesh textile grille for reinforcement known from road surfaces that are prefabricated with a certain bitumen affinity Adhesives, e.g. a bitumen-latex emulsion is coated to good adhesion between the grid and the bituminous layers to manufacture.
  • Adhesives e.g. a bitumen-latex emulsion is coated to good adhesion between the grid and the bituminous layers to manufacture.
  • the mesh size should be matched to the largest grain diameter of the mix to be used.
  • the mesh size is 2 to 2.5 times larger than the largest grain diameter.
  • the load-bearing threads running in the longitudinal and transverse directions should have a breaking strength of 10 to 100 kN / m. If necessary or desired, can also take stronger threads for the reinforcement grid become.
  • the grid Due to the coating with the adhesive, the grid is semi-rigid Consistency.
  • the grid for example 5 m wide and 50 m long, is made by on a roll evenly with a pressure sensitive adhesive or bitumen emulsion sprayed surface unrolled.
  • the reinforcement grid should be flat and wrinkle-free rest before further mix is applied to the reinforcement grid becomes.
  • this known grid there is a problem that the unrolled Reinforcement mesh slips and wrinkles especially when Drive vehicles over the installed grille.
  • the invention has for its object a reinforcing grid for bitumen-bound Develop layers that have no interface between the layers Forms layers of the road surface and that well on a prepared one Planum is liable.
  • This object is achieved in that a thin fleece with a weight of 10 to 50 g / m 2 is used, which interlocks the coarse grains of the asphalt mix applied to the grid with the coarse grains of the mix located under the grid enables and does not act as a separating layer between the asphalt layer located below the grid and the asphalt layer above the grid.
  • the mesh of the grid is filled with a thin fleece, becomes a much stronger adhesion of the laid grid on the formation reached.
  • the fleece is so thin and therefore so compliant that the fleece is not used as a separating layer between the under the grid and the Asphalt layer located above the grille works.
  • the fleece Despite the fleece a good interlocking of the coarse grains of the applied on the grid Asphalt mix with the coarse grains of the one under the grate Mixed material reached.
  • Impregnation or coating of the grid with a bitumen affine Adhesives are dispensed with if the load-bearing threads come from a Polymer or a polycondensate, which itself has good adhesion effected with bitumen.
  • the composite of textile grid and thin fleece can be provided with a bitumen adhesive on the underside.
  • This pressure sensitive adhesive melts when the hot asphalt mix required to form the bitumen surface layer is applied to the laid mesh mat.
  • the bitumen adhesive is applied only selectively or in strips parallel to the winding axis.
  • the amount of bitumen emulsion to be sprayed onto the subgrade is greatly reduced by the bitumen adhesive on the composite and can also be completely omitted if necessary.
  • the installation of the grid is simplified and the installation time for the reinforcement is shortened.
  • the amount of pressure sensitive adhesive to be applied depends on the condition of the road surface or asphalt surface to be renewed. It is preferably 150 g to 500 g / m 2 .
  • the visible from FIGS. 1 to 3 textile grid for reinforcing bitumen-bound Layers essentially consist of two sets of parallel load-bearing threads 1 and 2.
  • the threads 1 of the grid run in Warp direction or in the longitudinal direction of the grid, while the threads 2 across to get lost.
  • the load-bearing threads consist of high-modulus polymer fibers or polycondensate fibers, for example aramid fibers or polyvinyl alcohol, in particular in the form of continuous filaments.
  • This load-bearing threads can also consist of glass fibers.
  • the lengthways extending threads 1, which are in the illustrated embodiment Raschel twine 5 is used to assemble two fiber bundles surround which the longitudinal threads 1 and also the transverse threads Connect threads 2 with a thin fleece 3.
  • Fig. 2 shows the transverse threads 2 between the fleece 3 and arranged the longitudinal threads 1.
  • This arrangement is something more stable than the arrangement of the transverse threads 2 over the lengthways running threads 1.
  • the load-bearing threads 1 and 2 can also impregnated with an adhesive even before being rolled onto the fleece 3 or be coated. However, these are expediently load-bearing Threads 1 and 2 together with the fleece 3 covered with the adhesive 6. So that the consumption of adhesives, especially a bitumen latex emulsion, is not too large, it is applied so thin that the fleece 3rd remains breathable.
  • the fleece 3 is perforated.
  • the Fleece 3 are punched with a regular distribution holes 4 Diameter from 0.5 to 4 mm.
  • the proportion of holes in the total area of the fleece is at least 10%.
  • the fleece 3 which consists of PET, PE or PP fibers, threads and / or filaments and is thermally, chemically or mechanically consolidated, has a weight of 10 to 50 g / m 2 .
  • the grid is fixed by the rustling threads 5 in general sufficient. In special cases, however, the load-bearing threads can also at their crossing points by gluing or welding be connected.
  • the load-bearing threads 1 and 2 are not flat, but are round and have a diameter of 2 to 4 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A textile lattice with wide meshing is for use to reinforce bitumen-bound layers, road coverings in particular. Intersecting threads (1,2) consisting of glass fibre or man-made fibres are applied on a thin nonwoven (3) by Raschel knitting. The connecting Raschel threads (5) encase the longitudinally running threads (1) of the lattice and fix the transverse threads (2). The nonwoven (3) consists of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene or polypropylene fibres, yarns and/or filaments.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein weitmaschiges, textiles Gitter zum Bewehren bitumengebundener Schichten, insbesondere Straßendecken, das im wesentlichen aus zwei Sätzen paralleler, lastaufnehmender Fäden besteht,

  • wobei sich ein Satz Fäden in Längsrichtung des Gitters und der andere Satz Fäden quer zur Längsrichtung des Gitters erstreckt und die Fäden aus Glasfasern oder Chemiefasern wie Polymerisatfasern oder Polykondensatfasern bestehen,
  • wobei das Gitter mit einem bitumenaffinen Haftmittel überzogen ist oder die sich kreuzenden Fäden des Gitters aus einem bitumenaffinen, insbesondere an Bitumen haftendem Material bestehen,
  • wobei die sich kreuzenden Fäden auf ein Vlies aufgeraschelt sind.
The invention relates to a wide-mesh, textile grid for reinforcing bitumen-bound layers, in particular road surfaces, which essentially consists of two sets of parallel, load-bearing threads,
  • wherein one set of threads extends in the longitudinal direction of the grid and the other set of threads extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the grid and the threads consist of glass fibers or chemical fibers such as polymer fibers or polycondensate fibers,
  • wherein the grid is coated with a bitumen-affine adhesive or the crossing threads of the grid consist of a bitumen-affine material, in particular bitumen-adhering material,
  • the crossing threads are scraped onto a fleece.

Das Gitter kann gewebt oder geraschelt sein, es können aber auch die lasttragenden parallelen, quer zur Längsrichtung verlaufenden Fäden auf die lasttragenden parallelen Längsfäden aufgelegt sein und an den Kreuzungsstellen durch Klebung oder Schweißung mit den Längsfäden verbunden sein.The grid can be woven or rustled, but it can also be load-bearing parallel threads running transversely to the longitudinal direction on the load-bearing parallel longitudinal threads are placed and at the crossing points be connected to the longitudinal threads by gluing or welding.

Ein mit einem Vliesstoff verbundenes Gitter dieser Art ist bekannt aus der Druckschrift EP 0 413 295 A. Das aus dieser Schrift bekannte Geotextil für die Bewehrung von Asphaltschichten ist ein aus zwei Komponenten bestehender Verbundstoff, dessen eine Komponente ein Vliesstoff und dessen zweite Komponente ein Gewebe, Gewirke, Fadengelege, Grid oder anderes Flächengebilde definierter Garnlage ist. Der Verbundstoff ist als Raschelware ausgebildet, bei der die beiden Komponenten durch Schußlegerascheltechnik ineinander integriert sind. Der Vliesstoff soll eine gute Bitumensaugfähigkeit aufweisen, so daß beim Verlegen des Geotextils dieser Vliesstoff bitumenimprägniert wird und als Wassersperre wirkt. Ferner soll der Vliesstoff die Rißbildung und die Rißfortpflanzung in den Asphaltschichten verhindern. Das Flächengewicht des Vliesstoffs soll 50 bis 300 g/m2, vorzugsweise 100 bis 180 g/m2 betragen. Dieses Geotextil bildet im eingebauten Zustand eine Trennschicht. Zur Erhöhung des Verbundes zwischen dem Geotextil und dem Asphalt soll beim Verlegen eine in Abhängigkeit von dem Porengehalt zu ermittelnde Haftmittelmenge aufgebracht werden. A grid of this type connected to a nonwoven is known from the document EP 0 413 295 A. The geotextile known from this document for the reinforcement of asphalt layers is a composite consisting of two components, one component of which is a nonwoven and the second component of which is a fabric, Knitted fabric, laid scrim, grid or other flat structure of defined yarn layer is. The composite material is designed as Raschelware, in which the two components are integrated into one another by weft-laying technology. The nonwoven should have good bitumen absorbency, so that when the geotextile is laid, this nonwoven is bitumen-impregnated and acts as a water barrier. The nonwoven is also intended to prevent cracking and crack propagation in the asphalt layers. The weight per unit area of the nonwoven should be 50 to 300 g / m 2 , preferably 100 to 180 g / m 2 . When installed, this geotextile forms a separating layer. To increase the bond between the geotextile and the asphalt, an amount of adhesive to be determined depending on the pore content should be applied when laying.

Aus der DE 20 00 937 ist ein weitmaschiges textiles Gitter zum Bewehren von Straßendecken bekannt, das vorgefertigt mit einem bestimmten bitumenaffinen Haftmittel, z.B. einer Bitumen-Latex-Emulsion, beschichtet ist, um eine gute Haftung zwischen dem Gitter und den bitumengebundenen Schichten herzustellen. Um eine gute Verbindung der zu beiden Seiten des Bewehrungsgitters befindlichen Schichten der Straßendecke herzustellen, ist es vorteilhaft, das Gitter weitmaschig auszuführen, so daß der Abstand zwischen den parallel in Längsrichtung und in Querrichtung verlaufenden Fäden 20 bis 100 mm beträgt. Die Maschenweite sollte abgestimmt sein auf den größten Korndurchmesser des zur Anwendung gelangenden Mischgutes. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Maschenweite 2 bis 2,5 mal größer als der Größtkorndurchmesser. Die in Längs- und Querrichtung verlaufenden lastaufnehmenden Fäden sollten eine Bruchfestigkeit haben von 10 bis 100 kN/m. Falls erforderlich oder erwünscht, können auch noch stärkere Fäden für das Armierungsgitter genommen werden.DE 20 00 937 discloses a wide-mesh textile grille for reinforcement known from road surfaces that are prefabricated with a certain bitumen affinity Adhesives, e.g. a bitumen-latex emulsion is coated to good adhesion between the grid and the bituminous layers to manufacture. To ensure a good connection to both sides of the reinforcement grid the existing layers of the road surface, it is advantageous make the grid wide-meshed, so that the distance between the Threads 20 to 100 running parallel in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction mm. The mesh size should be matched to the largest grain diameter of the mix to be used. Advantageously the mesh size is 2 to 2.5 times larger than the largest grain diameter. The load-bearing threads running in the longitudinal and transverse directions should have a breaking strength of 10 to 100 kN / m. If necessary or desired, can also take stronger threads for the reinforcement grid become.

Das Gitter hat durch die Beschichtung mit dem Haftmittel eine halbsteife Konsistenz. Das beispielsweise 5 m breite und 50 m lange Gitter wird von einer Rolle auf eine mit Haftkleber oder Bitumen-Emulsion gleichmäßig angesprühte Fläche abgerollt. Das Armierungsgitter soll plan und faltenfrei aufliegen, bevor weiteres Mischgut auf das Armierungsgitter aufgebracht wird. Bei diesem bekannten Gitter besteht die Schwierigkeit, daß das abgerollte Armierungsgitter verrutscht und Falten wirft insbesondere dann, wenn Fahrzeuge über das verlegte Gitter fahren.Due to the coating with the adhesive, the grid is semi-rigid Consistency. The grid, for example 5 m wide and 50 m long, is made by on a roll evenly with a pressure sensitive adhesive or bitumen emulsion sprayed surface unrolled. The reinforcement grid should be flat and wrinkle-free rest before further mix is applied to the reinforcement grid becomes. In this known grid there is a problem that the unrolled Reinforcement mesh slips and wrinkles especially when Drive vehicles over the installed grille.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Armierungsgitter für bitumengebundene Schichten zu entwickeln, das keine Trennschicht zwischen den Schichten der Straßendecke bildet und das gut auf einem vorbereiteten Planum haftet.The invention has for its object a reinforcing grid for bitumen-bound Develop layers that have no interface between the layers Forms layers of the road surface and that well on a prepared one Planum is liable.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß ein dünnes Vlies mit einem Gewicht von 10 bis 50 g/m2 verwendet wird, welches eine gute Verzahnung der groben Körner des auf das Gitter aufgebrachten Asphalt-Mischguts mit den groben Körnern des unter dem Gitter befindlichen Mischguts ermöglicht und nicht als Trennschicht zwischen der unter dem Gitter und der über dem Gitter befindlichen Asphaltschicht wirkt. This object is achieved in that a thin fleece with a weight of 10 to 50 g / m 2 is used, which interlocks the coarse grains of the asphalt mix applied to the grid with the coarse grains of the mix located under the grid enables and does not act as a separating layer between the asphalt layer located below the grid and the asphalt layer above the grid.

Dadurch, daß die Maschen des Gitters durch ein dünnes Vlies ausgefüllt sind, wird eine erheblich stärkere Haftung des verlegten Gitters auf dem Planum erreicht. Andererseits ist das Vlies so dünn und deshalb auch so nachgiebig, daß das Vlies nicht als Trennschicht zwischen der unter dem Gitter und der über dem Gitter befindlichen Asphaltschicht wirkt. Trotz des Vlieses wird eine gute Verzahnung der groben Körner des auf das Gitter aufgebrachten Asphalt-Mischguts mit den groben Körnern des unter dem Gitter befindlichen Mischguts erreicht.Because the mesh of the grid is filled with a thin fleece, becomes a much stronger adhesion of the laid grid on the formation reached. On the other hand, the fleece is so thin and therefore so compliant that the fleece is not used as a separating layer between the under the grid and the Asphalt layer located above the grille works. Despite the fleece a good interlocking of the coarse grains of the applied on the grid Asphalt mix with the coarse grains of the one under the grate Mixed material reached.

Dadurch, daß die in Kettrichtung verlaufenden lasttragenden Fäden des Gitters von den verbindenden Raschel-Bindefäden umraschelt werden, werden gleichzeitig die rechtwinklig dazu verlaufenden lasttragenden Fäden in ihren Abständen zueinander fixiert.The fact that the load-bearing threads extending in the warp direction Lattices are rustled by the connecting Raschel twine at the same time the load-bearing threads running at right angles to it in their Distances fixed to each other.

Bei einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann auf eine Imprägnierung oder Beschichtung des Gitters mit einem bitumenaffinen Haftmittel verzichtet werden, wenn die lasttragenden Fäden aus einem Polymerisat oder einem Polykondensat bestehen, das selbst eine gute Haftung mit Bitumen bewirkt.In a modified embodiment of the invention, a Impregnation or coating of the grid with a bitumen affine Adhesives are dispensed with if the load-bearing threads come from a Polymer or a polycondensate, which itself has good adhesion effected with bitumen.

Weiterhin kann das Komposit aus textilem Gitter und dünnem Vlies an der Unterseite mit einem Bitumenhaftkleber versehen sein. Dieser Haftkleber schmilzt, wenn auf die verlegte Gittermatte das zur Bildung der Bitumen-Deckschicht erforderliche heiße Asphalt-Mischgut aufgebracht wird. Zum Erhalt der Flexibilität des Bewehrungsgitters ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Bitumenhaftkleber nur punktuell oder in Streifen parallel zur Wickelachse aufgetragen ist. Die Menge der auf das Planum aufzusprühenden Bitumenemulsion ist durch den am Komposit befindlichen Bitumenhaftkleber stark reduziert und kann gegebenenfalls auch völlig entfallen. Der Einbau des Gitters ist vereinfacht und die Einbauzeit für die Bewehrung ist verkürzt. Die Menge des aufzubringenden Haftklebers ist abhängig vom Zustand der zu erneuernden Straßendecke oder Asphaltdecke. Sie beträgt vorzugsweise 150 g bis 500 g/m2.Furthermore, the composite of textile grid and thin fleece can be provided with a bitumen adhesive on the underside. This pressure sensitive adhesive melts when the hot asphalt mix required to form the bitumen surface layer is applied to the laid mesh mat. In order to maintain the flexibility of the reinforcement mesh, it is advantageous if the bitumen adhesive is applied only selectively or in strips parallel to the winding axis. The amount of bitumen emulsion to be sprayed onto the subgrade is greatly reduced by the bitumen adhesive on the composite and can also be completely omitted if necessary. The installation of the grid is simplified and the installation time for the reinforcement is shortened. The amount of pressure sensitive adhesive to be applied depends on the condition of the road surface or asphalt surface to be renewed. It is preferably 150 g to 500 g / m 2 .

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 11. Further features of the invention result from patent claims 2 until 11.

In der folgenden Beschreibung wird ein in den Zeichnungen dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnungen zeigen in:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht auf ein Armierungsgitter nach der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
eine schaubildliche Ansicht eines Kreuzungspunktes des Armierungsgitters und
Fig. 3
ein mit Haftmittel überzogenes Armierungsgitter entsprechend Fig. 1.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings is explained in more detail in the following description. The drawings show in:
Fig. 1
a plan view of a reinforcing mesh according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a perspective view of a crossing point of the reinforcement grid and
Fig. 3
a reinforcing mesh covered with adhesive according to FIG. 1.

Das aus den Fig. 1 bis 3 ersichtliche textile Gitter zum Bewehren bitumengebundener Schichten besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei Sätzen paralleler lastaufnehmender Fäden 1 und 2. Die Fäden 1 des Gitters verlaufen in Kettrichtung bzw. in Längsrichtung des Gitters, während die Fäden 2 quer dazu verlaufen. Die lastaufnehmenden Fäden bestehen aus hochmodulen Polymerisatfasern oder Polykondensatfasern, zum Beispiel Fasern aus Aramid oder Polyvenylalkohol, insbesondere in Form von Endlosfilamenten. Diese lasttragenden Fäden können aber auch aus Glasfasern bestehen. Die längs verlaufenden Fäden 1, die bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sich aus je zwei Faserbündeln zusammensetzen, sind von Raschel-Bindefäden 5 umgeben, welche die längs verlaufenden Fäden 1 und auch die quer verlaufenden Fäden 2 mit einem dünnen Vlies 3 verbinden. Wie insbesondere die Fig. 2 zeigt, sind die quer verlaufenden Fäden 2 zwischen dem Vlies 3 und den längs verlaufenden Fäden 1 angeordnet. Diese Anordnung ist etwas stabiler als die Anordnung der quer verlaufenden Fäden 2 über den längs verlaufenden Fäden 1. Die lastaufnehmenden Fäden 1 und 2 können auch schon vor dem Aufrascheln auf das Vlies 3 mit einem Haftmittel imprägniert bzw. beschichtet sein. Zweckmäßigerweise aber werden diese lastaufnehmenden Fäden 1 und 2 zusammen mit dem Vlies 3 mit dem Haftmittel 6 überzogen. Damit der Verbrauch an Haftmitteln, insbesondere einer Bitumen-Latex-Emulsion, nicht zu groß ist, wird diese so dünn aufgetragen, daß das Vlies 3 luftdurchlässig bleibt.The visible from FIGS. 1 to 3 textile grid for reinforcing bitumen-bound Layers essentially consist of two sets of parallel load-bearing threads 1 and 2. The threads 1 of the grid run in Warp direction or in the longitudinal direction of the grid, while the threads 2 across to get lost. The load-bearing threads consist of high-modulus polymer fibers or polycondensate fibers, for example aramid fibers or polyvinyl alcohol, in particular in the form of continuous filaments. This load-bearing threads can also consist of glass fibers. The lengthways extending threads 1, which are in the illustrated embodiment Raschel twine 5 is used to assemble two fiber bundles surround which the longitudinal threads 1 and also the transverse threads Connect threads 2 with a thin fleece 3. Like especially that Fig. 2 shows the transverse threads 2 between the fleece 3 and arranged the longitudinal threads 1. This arrangement is something more stable than the arrangement of the transverse threads 2 over the lengthways running threads 1. The load-bearing threads 1 and 2 can also impregnated with an adhesive even before being rolled onto the fleece 3 or be coated. However, these are expediently load-bearing Threads 1 and 2 together with the fleece 3 covered with the adhesive 6. So that the consumption of adhesives, especially a bitumen latex emulsion, is not too large, it is applied so thin that the fleece 3rd remains breathable.

Wie insbesondere die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen, ist das Vlies 3 perforiert. In das Vlies 3 sind in regelmäßiger Verteilung Löcher 4 eingestanzt mit einem Durchmesser von 0,5 bis 4 mm. Der Anteil der Löcher an der Gesamtfläche des Vlieses beträgt mindestens 10%. As shown in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fleece 3 is perforated. In the Fleece 3 are punched with a regular distribution holes 4 Diameter from 0.5 to 4 mm. The proportion of holes in the total area of the fleece is at least 10%.

Das Vlies 3, welches aus PET-, PE- oder PP-Fasern, -Fäden und/oder - Filamenten besteht und thermisch, chemisch oder mechanisch verfestigt ist, hat ein Gewicht von 10 bis 50 g/m2.The fleece 3, which consists of PET, PE or PP fibers, threads and / or filaments and is thermally, chemically or mechanically consolidated, has a weight of 10 to 50 g / m 2 .

Die Fixierung des Gitters durch die Raschelfäden 5 ist im allgemeinen ausreichend. In besonderen Fällen können die lastaufnehmenden Fäden aber auch an ihren Kreuzungspunkten durch Klebung oder Schweißung zusätzlich miteinander verbunden sein.The grid is fixed by the rustling threads 5 in general sufficient. In special cases, however, the load-bearing threads can also at their crossing points by gluing or welding be connected.

Um einen guten Verbund der Schichten einer Asphaltdecke zu erreichen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die lastaufnehmenden Fäden 1 und 2 nicht flach, sondern rund sind und einen Durchmesser von 2 bis 4 mm haben.In order to achieve a good bond between the layers of an asphalt surface, it is advantageous if the load-bearing threads 1 and 2 are not flat, but are round and have a diameter of 2 to 4 mm.

Auf der Unterseite des Bewehrungsgitters befindet sich ein bei über 60°C schmelzbarer bituminöser Haftkleber, der in Form von nicht dargestellten Punkten oder parallel zur Wickelachse verlaufenden Streifen aufgebracht ist, damit die Flexibilität des Komposits aus Gitter 1, 2, Vlies 3, bitumenaffiner Beschichtung 6 und schmelzbarem Haftkleber erhalten bleibt.On the underside of the reinforcement grid there is a temperature above 60 ° C fusible bituminous pressure sensitive adhesive in the form of not shown Points or strips running parallel to the winding axis, thus the flexibility of the composite of grid 1, 2, fleece 3, bitumen-related Coating 6 and meltable pressure sensitive adhesive is retained.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

11
lastaufnehmende, in Längsrichtung des Gitters verlaufende Fädenload-bearing threads running in the longitudinal direction of the grid
22nd
lastaufnehmende, in Querrichtung verlaufende Fäden des Gittersload-bearing, transverse threads of the grid
33rd
Vliesfleece
44th
PerforierungPerforation
55
Raschel-BindefädenRaschel twine
66
HaftmittelAdhesive
77
KreuzungspunktCrossing point

Claims (11)

Weitmaschiges, textiles Gitter zum Bewehren bitumengebundener Schichten, insbesondere Straßendecken, das im wesentlichen aus zwei Sätzen paralleler, lastaufnehmender Fäden (1 und 2) besteht, wobei sich ein Satz Fäden (1) in Längsrichtung des Gitters und der andere Satz Fäden (2) quer zur Längsrichtung des Gitters erstreckt und die Fäden (1 und 2) aus Glasfasern oder Chemiefasern wie Polymerisatfasern oder Polykondensatfasern bestehen, wobei das Gitter mit einem bitumenaffinen Haftmittel (6) überzogen ist oder die sich kreuzenden Fäden (1,2) des Gitters aus einem bitumenaffinen, insbesondere an Bitumen haftendem Material bestehen, wobei die sich kreuzenden Fäden (1,2) auf ein Vlies (3) aufgeraschelt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein dünnes Vlies (3) mit einem Gewicht von 10 bis 50 g/m2 verwendet wird, welches eine gute Verzahnung der groben Körner des auf das Gitter aufgebrachten Asphalt-Mischguts mit den groben Körnern des unter dem Gitter befindlichen Mischguts ermöglicht und nicht als Trennschicht zwischen der unter dem Gitter und der über dem Gitter befindlichen Asphaltschicht wirkt.Wide-mesh, textile grid for reinforcing bitumen-bound layers, in particular road surfaces, which essentially consists of two sets of parallel, load-bearing threads (1 and 2), wherein one set of threads (1) extends in the longitudinal direction of the grid and the other set of threads (2) extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the grid and the threads (1 and 2) consist of glass fibers or chemical fibers such as polymer fibers or polycondensate fibers, wherein the grid is coated with a bitumen-affine adhesive (6) or the crossing threads (1, 2) of the grid consist of a bitumen-affine material, in particular bitumen-adhering material, wherein the crossing threads (1, 2) are snapped onto a fleece (3), characterized in that a thin fleece (3) with a weight of 10 to 50 g / m 2 is used, which enables the coarse grains of the asphalt mix applied to the grid to be interlocked well with the coarse grains of the mix located under the grid and does not act as a separating layer between the asphalt layer under the grate and the asphalt layer above the grate. Gitter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies (3) mit dem bitumenaffinen Haftmittel (6) behandelt und überzogen ist, wobei das Vlies (3) zur Erzielung einer Luftdurchlässigkeit Öffnungen im Haftmittel-Überzug aufweist.Grid according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fleece (3) is treated and coated with the bitumen-affine adhesive (6), the fleece (3) having openings in the adhesive coating in order to achieve air permeability. Gitter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verbindenden Raschel-Bindefäden (5) die längs verlaufenden Fäden (1) des Gitters umschließen und die quer verlaufenden Fäden (2) festlegen.Grid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting Raschel binding threads (5) enclose the longitudinal threads (1) of the grid and fix the transverse threads (2). Gitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die quer verlaufenden Fäden (2) zwischen dem Vlies (3) und den längs verlaufenden Fäden (1) angeordnet sind.Grid according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the transverse threads (2) are arranged between the fleece (3) and the longitudinal threads (1). Gitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies (3) aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PET)-, Polyethylen (PE)- oder Polypropylen (PP)-Fasern, -Fäden und/oder -Filamenten besteht und thermisch, chemisch oder mechanisch verfestigt ist.Grid according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fleece (3) consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) fibers, threads and / or filaments and thermally, chemically or is mechanically solidified. Gitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies (3) perforiert ist.Grid according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fleece (3) is perforated. Gitter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in das Vlies (3) in regelmäßiger Verteilung Löcher (4) eingestanzt sind mit einem Durchmesser von 0,5 - 4 mm und der Anteil der Löcher mindestens 10% der Gesamtfläche beträgt.Grid according to Claim 6, characterized in that holes (4) with a diameter of 0.5-4 mm are punched into the fleece (3) in a regular distribution and the proportion of the holes is at least 10% of the total area. Gitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lastaufnehmenden Fäden (1 und 2) an ihren Kreuzungspunkten (7) durch Klebung oder Schweißung miteinander verbunden sind.Grid according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the load-absorbing threads (1 and 2) are connected to one another at their crossing points (7) by gluing or welding. Gitter nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lastaufnehmenden Fäden (1 und 2) in Form von runden, im Durchmesser 2 bis 4 mm dicken Strängen oder Doppelsträngen auf das Vlies (3) aufgeraschelt sind.Lattice according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the load-absorbing threads (1 and 2) are snapped onto the fleece (3) in the form of round strands or double strands with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm. Gitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterseite des Komposits, insbesondere des Vlieses (3) mit einem bituminösen Haftkleber versehen ist, der durch Erwärmung aktivierbar ist.Grid according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the underside of the composite, in particular the fleece (3), is provided with a bituminous contact adhesive which can be activated by heating. Gitter nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bituminöse Haftkleber in Form von Punkten oder quer bzw. rechtwinklig zur Längsrichtung der Gitterbahn verlaufende Streifen aufgebracht ist.Grid according to claim 10, characterized in that the bituminous pressure sensitive adhesive is applied in the form of dots or strips extending transversely or at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the grid web.
EP01121592A 1996-12-17 1997-12-05 Textile mesh for reinforcing bituminous layers Expired - Lifetime EP1158098B9 (en)

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DE19652584 1996-12-17
DE19652584A DE19652584A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1996-12-17 Textile grid for reinforcing bitumen-bound layers
EP97954723A EP0956392B2 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-12-05 Use of a textile lattice for reeinforcing bitumen-bonded asphalts layers

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AU5983698A (en) 1998-07-15
CZ182899A3 (en) 1999-11-17
MY119614A (en) 2005-06-30
DE19652584A1 (en) 1998-06-18
NO315571B1 (en) 2003-09-22
CA2274798A1 (en) 1998-06-25
ATE247193T1 (en) 2003-08-15
EP0956392A1 (en) 1999-11-17
CA2274798C (en) 2005-11-01
ES2172832T5 (en) 2006-05-16
US6780798B2 (en) 2004-08-24
EP0956392B2 (en) 2005-12-07
WO1998027282A1 (en) 1998-06-25
EP0956392B1 (en) 2002-03-20
ES2204794T3 (en) 2004-05-01
DE59706710D1 (en) 2002-04-25
NO992840D0 (en) 1999-06-11
US20030017771A1 (en) 2003-01-23
ES2204794T5 (en) 2009-12-07
JP3452939B2 (en) 2003-10-06
CZ296530B6 (en) 2006-04-12
PL191788B1 (en) 2006-07-31
NO992840L (en) 1999-07-08
EP1158098B2 (en) 2009-10-28
EP1318240A2 (en) 2003-06-11
EP1158098B1 (en) 2003-08-13
EP1318240A3 (en) 2003-08-13
AU724371B2 (en) 2000-09-21
DE59710587D1 (en) 2003-09-18
US6503853B1 (en) 2003-01-07
RU2166019C2 (en) 2001-04-27
ATE214765T1 (en) 2002-04-15
PL333948A1 (en) 2000-01-31
ES2172832T3 (en) 2002-10-01
TW483961B (en) 2002-04-21
JP2001506330A (en) 2001-05-15
EP1158098B9 (en) 2011-01-19

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