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EP1144760B1 - Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable - Google Patents

Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1144760B1
EP1144760B1 EP99961108A EP99961108A EP1144760B1 EP 1144760 B1 EP1144760 B1 EP 1144760B1 EP 99961108 A EP99961108 A EP 99961108A EP 99961108 A EP99961108 A EP 99961108A EP 1144760 B1 EP1144760 B1 EP 1144760B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
housing
wedging structure
construction element
wedging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99961108A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1144760A1 (en
Inventor
Jérôme Stubler
Michel Robert Crawford Mcclenahan
Patrick Ladret
Ivica Zivanovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Freyssinet International STUP SA
Original Assignee
Freyssinet International STUP SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Freyssinet International STUP SA filed Critical Freyssinet International STUP SA
Priority to EP99961108A priority Critical patent/EP1144760B1/en
Priority to EP02026161A priority patent/EP1284324B1/en
Publication of EP1144760A1 publication Critical patent/EP1144760A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1144760B1 publication Critical patent/EP1144760B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the use of cables in construction works.
  • structural cable as used herein also covers a bundle or group of individual cables substantially parallel to each other others, each individual cable can itself be composed of one or several elementary strands.
  • the cable, or individual cables can be naked or individually sheathed, or consist of a mixture of these two types.
  • the cable may possibly be contained globally in a external protective sheath filled with an adherent material. In the case of a cable formed by a group of individual cables, these can be direct contact with each other, or be spaced from each other.
  • the invention can in particular be implemented in bridges suspended comprising one or more carrying cables to be immobilized in relation to certain elements (pylon tops %), and which must be attached certain other elements (hanger lines, integral portions apron ).
  • the invention can also be applied to the field of prestressing, the structural cable then consisting of a cable tensioned to exert prestressing efforts on a concrete or other structure, and to which certain elements of the structure can be fixed.
  • the interface that the cable presents to its environment is most often defined by generators essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction. Under these conditions, to prevent relative longitudinal movements between the cable and the element, we are led to exert a transverse tightening force on the cable in order to obtain friction sufficient at the interface.
  • clamps comprising two (or more) shells, urged towards each other at by means of bolts or the like.
  • the inside of the shells has a shape corresponding to the external interface of the cable possibly supplemented by filling inserts.
  • German patent 869 977 it was proposed to secure the fixing a hanger to the carrying cable of a suspension bridge by adding corner effect jaws at both ends of a necklace made up of several shells tightened against each other by bolts.
  • This security is very relative since the wedge effect is largely lost in the event of loss of tightening of the shell assembly bolts due to creep or fatigue.
  • the distribution of the clamping forces is poorly controlled in the event of tightening these bolts.
  • this device presents the problems size and weight usually posed by this type of necklaces.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of attachment which distributes the forces transmitted to the structural cable well.
  • the invention thus provides a device for fixing between an element of construction and a structural cable, comprising a rigid housing connected to the building element and consisting of a single piece which surrounds completely a section of the cable, a wedging structure arranged between the cable and the housing, and force transmission means arranged to exert a longitudinal compression force, parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure, the wedging structure being pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compression force, to provide resistance to the movement of the housing and the element construction parallel to the cable.
  • the cable is gripped by the friction resulting from the pressure of orthogonal contact generated by the longitudinal compression of the structure contained between the rigid outer casing and the cable passing through it.
  • the means of force transmission make it possible to control the good holding the fixing and the precise positioning of the housing relative to the cable.
  • a minimum compression force may be applied before mounting final device, or during this assembly before loading.
  • the wedging structure must naturally have resistance sufficient for compression and shear. Its longitudinal displacement when applying compression results in uniform radial tightening of the cable.
  • This wedging structure can be composed of rigid elements such as tapered keys, which generate the tightening force during the application of axial compression, due to the reaction exerted by the orifice frustoconical of the housing in which they are engaged.
  • a only end of the housing has a frustoconical orifice receiving a frustoconical jaw biased towards the opposite end of the housing. So, during the application of the force, the jaw does not rub on the cable. It is rather the case which moves towards the end of the largest section of the jaw to press it against the cable without damaging the cable.
  • Homogeneous transmission of forces at the interface between the structure jamming and the cable can be further facilitated when the structure of entrapment undergoes a certain deformation at the moment when the means of force transmission exert controlled longitudinal compression.
  • This deformation can consist of a limited creep of the material forming the wedging structure, which may in particular have the form of a frustoconical jaw. Limited creep can also occur at the level of housing or insert disposed around a rigid frustoconical jaw.
  • the deformation is due to the character intrinsically deformable of all or part of the wedging structure housed between the housing and the cable.
  • This structure can then include a elastic material, a granular material, a fibrous material, or even a mixture of such materials, and it can be made in one or more rooms. It has the property of expanding in the direction (s) orthogonal to the compression direction (s), either by intrinsic elastic movement either by the movement of individual particles (fibrous and / or granular) relative to each other or to a binder.
  • the structure deformable has a fairly high shear strength when it is compressed between the case and the cable, in order to oppose relative longitudinal movements thereof.
  • the housing serves as a support for the wedging structure and as a connection with the element to be fixed to the cable. It’s a single piece, for example cylindrical with circular or polygonal base, which completely surrounds a cable section. This case can be made of metal or any other material sufficiently rigid. It has the advantage of being relatively constitutional lightly.
  • the means of force transmission may include one or more several members extending parallel to the cable, tensioned by clamping means for exerting the longitudinal compression force at ends of the wedging structure. These tension members (bolts, prestressing strands or any other suitable member) may pass to through, or around, the wedging structure the outside of the case.
  • the means of force transmission can still include a nut screwed into a thread integral with the housing and applied against one end of the wedging structure.
  • a fixing device between a building element and a structural cable includes a rigid housing connected to the building element and surrounding the cable, a structure of jamming comprising at least one deformable material, disposed between the cable and the housing, and force transmission means arranged for exert a longitudinal compression force, parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure, the wedging structure being pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compression force, to provide resistance to the movement of the housing and the element construction parallel to the cable.
  • the means of effort transmission can be in accordance with those previously mentioned. Alternatively, they can be arranged to transform a component longitudinal of the load exerted on the cable by the construction element in longitudinal compression of the deformable structure.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a fixing device installed around a cable 1, or group of cables.
  • the element to be fixed is attached, by means suitable not shown, to a cylindrical housing 2.
  • a deformable wedging structure 3 having, in the example shown, the shape of an elastomeric sleeve, is placed around the cable 1 inside the cylindrical housing 2.
  • Two support pieces 4, which can be form of rings, are respectively applied to the two ends of the deformable structure 3, penetrating inside the cylindrical housing 2.
  • a longitudinal compression force F is exerted on the deformable structure 3 through the two support pieces 4. In the example shown, the force F is applied to each of the two parts 4 at the two ends of the case 2.
  • the deformable structure 3 is housed between the cable and the housing 2 with some radial clearance. When it is stressed in compression by the force F, it expands radially so that it is pressed inwards against the cable 1 and outwards against the cylindrical housing 2. It thus provides a friction between the cable 1 and the housing 2 to which the element to be fixed is attached. Yes the axial compression force F is sufficient, and if the structure 3 has a appropriate shear strength, this friction enables the desired fixing, preventing relative longitudinal movements between the cable 1 and box 2.
  • the cable 1 is constituted by an assembly of strands juxtaposed 6.
  • Each strand 6 can itself be composed of several elementary sons.
  • the deformable structure 3 has a shape complementary to the volume located between the periphery of the cable and the inside of the case 2. This shape can be obtained by molding the deformable structure 3, or by deformation of an elastomeric sleeve of original cylindrical shape.
  • the strands 6 constituting the cable 1 do not are not juxtaposed, but spaced from each other.
  • the elastomeric material of the deformable structure 3 is also found in the intervals between the strands 6.
  • the cable 1 is constituted by a wire solid metal, of cylindrical section.
  • the deformable structure 3 can then simply have the shape of a cylindrical sleeve.
  • the cable 1 is constituted by a strand composed of seven twisted metallic wires 7, protected by a sheath in plastic material 8, with an adhesive material 9, for example an elastomer, between the wires 7 and the sheath 8.
  • an adhesive material 9 for example an elastomer
  • Such a strand is described in the patent application European 0 855 471.
  • the deformable cylindrical sleeve 3 then rests against the sheath 8 of the strand. The friction of this sleeve 3 on the housing 2 and the sheath 8 provides the desired fixation, together with the adhesion of the material 9 on the wires 7 and the sheath 8.
  • the housing 2 is a part monobloc of generally cylindrical shape.
  • the basis of this cylindrical shape is circular in the examples shown, but note that it could also be different, especially polygonal.
  • the fact that the case 2 is a single piece allows it to be relatively light in constitution for a fastening resistant to a given load, in particular lighter than if it were formed by assembling several shells, like necklaces conventional.
  • the housing 2a to which is attached the element to be fixed may surround the cable 1 only partially.
  • the cable 1 is surrounded over approximately 240 °, which allows the installation of the housing 2a without having to put it on beforehand on cable 1, which can facilitate mounting in certain cases.
  • Inwardly directed edges 2b are located at the ends of the perimeter the housing to maintain the deformable structure between the cable and The box.
  • Figure 6 also shows that the deformable structure 3 can consist of several elements 3a, 3b arranged around the cable 1.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a possible embodiment of the means of transmitting longitudinal compression in the case of a cable having a structure of the type shown in FIG. 3.
  • the deformable structure 3 consists of a block of elastomeric material traversed by seven cylindrical channels 11 of diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the seven strands 6 constituting the cable, and by three other cylindrical channels 12 distributed symmetrically on the section of the case and intended to receive three threaded rods 13 of slightly smaller diameter.
  • the threaded rods 13 pass through corresponding holes provided in the support pieces 4.
  • the rods 13 protrude at both ends of the housing 1, where they receive nuts 14. Tightening these nuts tension the rods 13 so as to apply longitudinal compression to the deformable structure 3. Under the effect of this compression, the deformable structure 3 is supported on the inside of the case 2 and tightens the strands 6.
  • the threaded rods 13 could pass outside the deformable structure 3, through the wall of the housing 2 or outside thereof. These rods could still be replaced by other organs working in tension, such as prestressing strands anchored to their ends by conical keys.
  • the structure of deformable wedge includes several (three in the example shown) sections of deformable material 3c, 3d, 3e arranged successively along of the cable 1.
  • the end sections 3c, 3e are stressed in compression by the support pieces 4, while rigid inserts 15 are placed between the adjacent sections.
  • These inserts 15 extend radially between the cable and the housing. They can in particular be in the form of rings. Their role is to limit the creep of the deformable material of the wedging structure from the side of cable 1 where the transverse loads are applied to the side opposite. They provide support for cable 1 if such creep occurs, and a once this support is produced, the creep ceases since the deformable material is almost no longer used transversely.
  • the inserts 15 and the support pieces 4 have radial clearances relative to the cable 1, adjusted so that it follows a constant or substantially radius of curvature constant when resting on these inserts, to minimize bending undesirable.
  • the compression force longitudinal is applied to only one side of the housing 16.
  • the deformable structure 3 is retained by a portion integral with the housing 16, such as for example a flange 17 directed inward.
  • the support piece 18, in the form of a ring based on the deformable structure 3 has a flange 19 directed towards the outside and provided with holes receiving bolts 21 fixed to the housing. The tightening the nuts 22 on the bolts 21 then makes it possible to compress the structure 3 between the flange 17 and the support rings 18.
  • the fixing device shown in Figure 10 includes a adjustment member penetrating inside the housing 16 transversely to the cable direction.
  • This organ consists of a screw 23 which can be penetrated more or less deeply in the housing 16 to vary the volume available for the deformable structure 3, which makes it possible to vary the tightening provided.
  • the cable 1 consists, as indicated in reference to FIG. 5, in one or more strands protected by a sheath individual 8 made of plastic, for example high-density polyethylene density (HDPE), and the deformable structure 3 is made of elastomer, for example neoprene.
  • An intermediate rigid layer 24 is disposed between the deformable structure 3 and the sheath 8 of the cable, to take account of the coefficient poor friction between HDPE and neoprene.
  • This layer 24 can in particular be made of HDPE, the coefficient of friction HDPE / HDPE being better.
  • the intermediate layer 24 On its outer face, i.e. towards the structure deformable 3, the intermediate layer 24 has reliefs transverse to the cable direction, such as streaks 25, to increase friction.
  • FIG. 11 shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 10, in which the intermediate rigid layer 26 ends, on the edge side internal 17 of the housing 16, by an external rim 26a. Edges 17 and 26a are in axial abutment against each other, and the deformable structure 3 is compressed longitudinally between the rim 26a and the support ring 18 which biases direction of said edges the end of the wedging structure opposite to that which is in abutment against the rim 26a. This ensures radial tightening between the housing 3 and the intermediate layer 26, the latter transmitting the tightening to cable 1.
  • the only interface working in friction is that between layer 26 and cable 1, which eliminates any problem of slip which could occur on the surface of the deformable material.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show embodiments in which the effort of longitudinal compression applied to the deformable structure results from a transformation of the longitudinal component of the load C exerted on the cable by the element to be fixed.
  • the cable 1 is in the inclined position, and the load C is directed vertically.
  • an annular stop 27 is fixed on the cable 1, by exerting a moderate tightening on the latter.
  • the lower end of the deformable structure 3 is supported on this stop 27, and its upper end on an inner rim 28 integral with the housing 29.
  • the load C transmitted to the housing 29 by the element to be fixed has a longitudinal component C L directed from the upper end to the lower end of the deformable structure. This component C L urges the flange 28 towards the deformable structure 3, which is compressed between the stop 27 and the flange 28. It should be noted that the slip resistance offered by the device is greater than that provided for the single stop 27 attached to the cable.
  • the element to be fixed 31 is attached to a lever 32 articulated at its opposite end on a support 33 secured to the housing 34, the hinge axis A being horizontal and perpendicular to the cable 1.
  • a intermediate zone of the lever 32 is applied against a support piece 35 penetrating into the housing 34 where it exerts the longitudinal compression force at one end of the deformable structure, the opposite end of which abuts against a flange 36 integral with the housing 34 , as shown by the tearing off of the case in the figure.
  • This arrangement transmits the longitudinal component C L of the load to the deformable structure 3, with an amplification depending on the dimensions of the lever 32.
  • the housing 50 In the fixing device shown in FIG. 14, the housing 50, generally cylindrical in shape, is crossed by an axial frustoconical orifice 51. In the case of a hanger attachment collar, a rib 52 is welded outside the cylindrical housing 50 to receive a yoke fixed at the end top of the hanger.
  • the cylindrical housing 50 further comprises two internal threads 53, 54 on either side of the frustoconical orifice 51.
  • the thread 53 is formed at the periphery of a cylindrical recess 55 formed above the orifice frustoconical 51 (to the left of Figure 13).
  • This orifice 55 receives the end lower of a sheath element 56, provided with a radial shoulder 57.
  • a nut 58 externally threaded bears against the shoulder 57 and cooperates with the thread 53 to connect the sheath element 56 to the housing 50.
  • the thread 54 is formed at the periphery of another recess cylindrical 60 formed below the frustoconical orifice 51.
  • This thread 54 receives a complementary external thread 61 formed at one end upper of another section of sheath 62 in order to connect this section of sheath 62 in case 50.
  • the sheath sections 56, 62 extend between two consecutive collars on the carrying cable.
  • the sheath sections 62 connected on the sides lower housings 50 have a diameter slightly greater than that of sheath sections 56 connected on the upper sides of the housings.
  • These two sheath sections 56, 62 overlap over a certain length in the interval between two collars. This telescopic overlap allows shorten the sheath between the collars to facilitate mounting, and allow differential expansions between materials.
  • the frustoconical orifice 51 of the housing 50 receives a frustoconical jaw complementary 64 which performs the wedging between the cable and the housing.
  • the jaw 64 can be made up of several sectors separate angles, for example three in number.
  • the jaw 64 is stressed by a nut 65 provided with a thread exterior cooperating with thread 54.
  • the nut 65 is screwed into the recess 60 in order to push the jaw 64 towards the end upper of smaller diameter of the frustoconical orifice 51.
  • the jaw 64 is thus finds it compressed longitudinally between its frustoconical interface with the housing 50 and its rear end urged by the nut 65.
  • the fixing device according to FIG. 14 is always in safety condition, due to self-wedging operation including in cases where there may be a slight upward movement of the hanger.
  • the assembly is also self-wedging in case of overload accidental on the hanger.
  • the force transmission nut 65 is tightened by means of a tool suitable, such as a hook wrench, to a predefined torque to ensure sufficient tightening between cable 1 and housing 50.
  • the tightening efficiency can be increased by filling gaps between strands with inserts curvilinear plastic (see EP-A-0 789 110).
  • inserts curvilinear plastic see EP-A-0 789 110.
  • the frustoconical jaw 64 can be produced plastic, for example HDPE or polyamide, and the volume it occupies is confined.
  • nut 65 has a configuration suitable also for preventing the creep of the jaw material.
  • FIG 15 schematically illustrates a suspension bridge having one or more several carrying cables 1 equipped with fixing devices according to the invention.
  • the carrying cable 1 is anchored at both ends of the bridge, and it passes over pylons 40.
  • Lines 41 are hung on the carrying cable for support the deck 42 of the bridge.
  • the lines 41 are fixed to the carrying cable at their upper ends which are attached to housings 43 forming part fixing devices of the type described above. These devices prevent the vertical lines 41 from sliding along the cable under the effect of the component parallel to the cable of the load exerted vertically by the deck 42.
  • the building element connected to the housing 43 can be directly a portion secured to the deck.
  • the carrying cable 1 is deflected at the top of the pylons 40, where the tensile force may be asymmetrical. We can therefore be led to block the cable to prevent it from sliding relative to the pylons. For that, we install at the top of the pylons 40 of the boxes 44 which surround the cable 1 to block this with respect to the pylons as previously described.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Flexible Shafts (AREA)
  • Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

The fixing comprises a rigid casing (2) connected to and partially surrounding the cable harness. A deformable wedging structure (3) is located between the cable and the casing. Force transmission means (4,13,14) exert a longitudinal compression force parallel to the cable on the wedging structure. The wedging structure is pressed against the cable and the casing under the compression force so as to offer resistance to the movement of the casing and the cable harness. Independent claims are included for a fixing method and a suspended bridge.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'utilisation de câbles dans les ouvrages de construction.The present invention relates to the field of the use of cables in construction works.

Elle trouve une application chaque fois qu'il est nécessaire de retenir un élément de construction par rapport à un câble de structure, ou encore le câble de structure par rapport à l'élément de construction, de façon à éviter leurs mouvements relatifs parallèlement à la direction du câble.It finds an application whenever it is necessary to remember a building element in relation to a structural cable, or the structural cable with respect to the building element, so as to avoid their relative movements parallel to the direction of the cable.

Le terme "câble de structure" tel qu'utilisé ici couvre également un faisceau ou groupe de câbles individuels sensiblement parallèles les uns aux autres, chaque câble individuel pouvant lui-même être composé d'un ou plusieurs brins élémentaires. Le câble, ou les câbles individuels, peuvent être nus ou individuellement gainés, ou encore consister en un mélange de ces deux types. Le câble peut éventuellement être contenu globalement dans une gaine de protection externe remplie d'un matériau adhérent. Dans le cas d'un câble formé par un groupe de câbles individuels, ceux-ci peuvent être en contact direct les uns avec les autres, ou être espacés les uns des autres.The term "structural cable" as used herein also covers a bundle or group of individual cables substantially parallel to each other others, each individual cable can itself be composed of one or several elementary strands. The cable, or individual cables, can be naked or individually sheathed, or consist of a mixture of these two types. The cable may possibly be contained globally in a external protective sheath filled with an adherent material. In the case of a cable formed by a group of individual cables, these can be direct contact with each other, or be spaced from each other.

L'invention peut notamment être mise en oeuvre dans des ponts suspendus comportant un ou plusieurs câbles porteurs devant être immobilisés par rapport à certains éléments (sommets de pylône...), et auxquels doivent être attachés certains autres éléments (suspentes du tablier, portions solidaires du tablier...).The invention can in particular be implemented in bridges suspended comprising one or more carrying cables to be immobilized in relation to certain elements (pylon tops ...), and which must be attached certain other elements (hanger lines, integral portions apron ...).

L'invention peut également s'appliquer au domaine de la précontrainte, le câble de structure consistant alors en un câble mis en tension pour exercer des efforts de précontrainte sur un ouvrage en béton ou autre, et auquel certains éléments de l'ouvrage peuvent être fixés.The invention can also be applied to the field of prestressing, the structural cable then consisting of a cable tensioned to exert prestressing efforts on a concrete or other structure, and to which certain elements of the structure can be fixed.

Dans la zone de fixation, l'interface que le câble présente à son environnement est le plus souvent définie par des génératrices essentiellement parallèles à la direction longitudinale. Dans ces conditions, pour empêcher les mouvements longitudinaux relatifs entre le câble et l'élément, on est amené à exercer sur le câble un effort de serrage transversal afin obtenir un frottement suffisant à l'interface.In the fixing area, the interface that the cable presents to its environment is most often defined by generators essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction. Under these conditions, to prevent relative longitudinal movements between the cable and the element, we are led to exert a transverse tightening force on the cable in order to obtain friction sufficient at the interface.

Ce serrage peut être obtenu à l'aide de mors à effet de coin, notamment pour réaliser les ancrages du câble de structure. Dans le cas courant d'un câble à torons multiples, les mors sont installés individuellement autour des torons, ce qui implique que ceux-ci puissent être écartés les uns des autres, condition qui n'est pas toujours remplie en pratique.This tightening can be obtained using corner effect jaws, in particular to carry out the anchoring of the structural cable. In the case current from a multi-strand cable, the jaws are installed individually around the strands, which implies that they can be spread apart others, a condition which is not always met in practice.

Sinon, le serrage est habituellement exercé à l'aide de colliers comportant deux coquilles (ou davantage), sollicitées l'une vers l'autre au moyen de boulons ou analogues. L'intérieur des coquilles à une forme correspondant à l'interface extérieure du câble éventuellement complété par des inserts de remplissage.Otherwise, tightening is usually carried out using clamps comprising two (or more) shells, urged towards each other at by means of bolts or the like. The inside of the shells has a shape corresponding to the external interface of the cable possibly supplemented by filling inserts.

Cette façon de procéder conduit à une transmission inhomogène des efforts de serrage sur la section du câble de structure, même s'il est possible de lutter contre cet inconvénient par un remplissage approprié de l'intérieur du collier (voir EP-A-0 789 110). Suivant la périphérie du câble, les zones voisines des intervalles séparant les coquilles tendent à être moins contraintes que les autres. Il en résulte que pour obtenir une valeur nominale de serrage, on doit appliquer un excès de serrage, d'une manière indésirable pour la fiabilité du dispositif et la bonne tenue du câble. Le long du câble, le collier transmet un effort maximal au niveau des boulons, qui doivent alors être multipliés si le collier est relativement long. D'autre part, l'application des contraintes transversales de serrage sur les coquilles nécessite que celles-ci aient une structure robuste et une épaisseur conséquente, ce qui confère une masse relativement importante au dispositif de fixation.This way of proceeding leads to an inhomogeneous transmission of clamping forces on the section of the structural cable, even if it is possible to combat this drawback by properly filling the interior of the collar (see EP-A-0 789 110). Depending on the periphery of the cable, neighboring areas intervals between the shells tend to be less constrained than the other. As a result, to obtain a nominal tightening value, one must apply excess tightening, undesirably for the reliability of the device and the good resistance of the cable. Along the cable, the collar transmits a maximum effort at the bolts, which must then be multiplied if the necklace is relatively long. On the other hand, the application of constraints transverse clamping on the shells requires that they have a robust structure and substantial thickness, which gives mass relatively important to the fixing device.

Dans le brevet allemand 869 977, il a été proposé de sécuriser la fixation d'une suspente au câble porteur d'un pont suspendu en ajoutant des mors à effet de coin aux deux extrémités d'un collier constitué de plusieurs coquilles serrées les unes contre les autres par des boulons. Cette sécurisation est toute relative puisque l'effet de coin est largement perdu en cas de perte de serrage des boulons d'assemblage des coquilles due au fluage ou à la fatigue. En outre, la distribution des efforts de serrage est mal maítrisée en cas de resserrage de ces boulons. D'autre part, ce dispositif présente les problèmes d'encombrement et de poids habituellement posés par ce type de colliers.In German patent 869 977, it was proposed to secure the fixing a hanger to the carrying cable of a suspension bridge by adding corner effect jaws at both ends of a necklace made up of several shells tightened against each other by bolts. This security is very relative since the wedge effect is largely lost in the event of loss of tightening of the shell assembly bolts due to creep or fatigue. In addition, the distribution of the clamping forces is poorly controlled in the event of tightening these bolts. On the other hand, this device presents the problems size and weight usually posed by this type of necklaces.

Un autre inconvénient du collier décrit dans le brevet allemand 869 977 est que le serrage est effectué en déplaçant les mors l'un vers l'autre parallèlement au câble. Il en résulte un frottement important à la surface du câble, d'autant plus gênant que la face intérieure des mors doit être rugueuse pour bien agripper le câble. Ceci est déjà problématique avec des brins métalliques nus, et clairement inacceptable lorsque le câble ou ses brins constitutifs sont revêtus d'une gaine en matière plastique.Another disadvantage of the necklace described in German patent 869 977 is that the tightening is done by moving the jaws towards each other parallel to the cable. This results in significant friction on the surface of the cable, all the more annoying as the inside face of the jaws must be rough to grip the cable. This is already problematic with strands bare metal, and clearly unacceptable when the cable or its strands components are coated with a plastic sheath.

Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un mode de fixation qui répartisse bien les efforts transmis au câble de structure.An object of the present invention is to provide a method of attachment which distributes the forces transmitted to the structural cable well.

L'invention propose ainsi un dispositif de fixation entre un élément de construction et un câble de structure, comprenant un boítier rigide relié à l'élément de construction et consistant en une pièce monobloc qui entoure complètement un tronçon du câble, une structure de coincement disposée entre le câble et le boítier, et des moyens de transmission d'effort agencés pour exercer un effort de compression longitudinale, parallèlement au câble, sur la structure de coincement, la structure de coincement étant pressée contre le câble et le boítier sous l'action de l'effort de compression longitudinale, de façon à offrir une résistance au mouvement du boítier et de l'élément de construction parallèlement au câble.The invention thus provides a device for fixing between an element of construction and a structural cable, comprising a rigid housing connected to the building element and consisting of a single piece which surrounds completely a section of the cable, a wedging structure arranged between the cable and the housing, and force transmission means arranged to exert a longitudinal compression force, parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure, the wedging structure being pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compression force, to provide resistance to the movement of the housing and the element construction parallel to the cable.

Le câble est agrippé par le frottement résultant des pressions de contact orthogonales générées par la compression longitudinale de la structure contenue entre le boítier extérieur rigide et le câble qui le traverse.The cable is gripped by the friction resulting from the pressure of orthogonal contact generated by the longitudinal compression of the structure contained between the rigid outer casing and the cable passing through it.

Les moyens de transmission d'effort permettent de contrôler la bonne tenue de la fixation et le positionnement précis du boítier par rapport au câble. Un effort minimal de compression pourra être appliqué avant le montage définitif du dispositif, ou lors de ce montage avant la mise en charge.The means of force transmission make it possible to control the good holding the fixing and the precise positioning of the housing relative to the cable. A minimum compression force may be applied before mounting final device, or during this assembly before loading.

La structure de coincement doit naturellement présenter une résistance suffisante à la compression et au cisaillement. Son déplacement longitudinal lors de l'application de la compression se traduit par un serrage radial uniforme du câble.The wedging structure must naturally have resistance sufficient for compression and shear. Its longitudinal displacement when applying compression results in uniform radial tightening of the cable.

Cette structure de coincement peut être composée d'éléments rigides tels que des clavettes tronconiques, qui génèrent l'effort de serrage lors de l'application de la compression axiale, du fait de la réaction exercée par l'orifice tronconique du boítier dans lequel elles sont engagées. De préférence, une extrémité seulement du boítier présente un orifice tronconique recevant un mors tronconique sollicité en direction de l'extrémité opposée du boítier. Ainsi, lors de l'application de l'effort, le mors ne frotte pas sur le câble. C'est plutôt le boítier qui se déplace en direction de l'extrémité de plus grande section du mors pour le presser contre le câble sans endommager ce dernier.This wedging structure can be composed of rigid elements such as tapered keys, which generate the tightening force during the application of axial compression, due to the reaction exerted by the orifice frustoconical of the housing in which they are engaged. Preferably, a only end of the housing has a frustoconical orifice receiving a frustoconical jaw biased towards the opposite end of the housing. So, during the application of the force, the jaw does not rub on the cable. It is rather the case which moves towards the end of the largest section of the jaw to press it against the cable without damaging the cable.

Une transmission homogène des efforts à l'interface entre la structure de coincement et le câble peut être encore facilitée lorsque la structure de coincement subit une certaine déformation au moment où les moyens de transmission d'effort exercent la compression longitudinale contrôlée.Homogeneous transmission of forces at the interface between the structure jamming and the cable can be further facilitated when the structure of entrapment undergoes a certain deformation at the moment when the means of force transmission exert controlled longitudinal compression.

Cette déformation peut consister en un fluage limité du matériau formant la structure de coincement, qui peut notamment avoir la forme d'un mors tronconique. Le fluage limité peut également intervenir au niveau du boítier ou d'un insert disposé autour d'un mors tronconique rigide.This deformation can consist of a limited creep of the material forming the wedging structure, which may in particular have the form of a frustoconical jaw. Limited creep can also occur at the level of housing or insert disposed around a rigid frustoconical jaw.

Selon une autre possibilité, la déformation est due au caractère intrinsèquement déformable de tout ou partie de la structure de coincement logée entre le boítier et le câble. Cette structure peut alors comprendre un matériau élastique, un matériau granulaire, un matériau fibreux, ou encore un mélange de tels matériaux, et elle peut être réalisée en une ou plusieurs pièces. Elle a la propriété de se dilater dans la ou les directions orthogonales à la ou les directions de compression, soit par mouvement élastique intrinsèque soit par le mouvement des particules individuelles (fibreuses et/ou granulaires) les unes par rapport aux autres ou par rapport à un liant. La structure déformable présente une résistance au cisaillement assez importante lorsqu'elle est comprimée entre le boítier et le câble, afin de s'opposer aux mouvements longitudinaux relatifs de ceux-ci.Alternatively, the deformation is due to the character intrinsically deformable of all or part of the wedging structure housed between the housing and the cable. This structure can then include a elastic material, a granular material, a fibrous material, or even a mixture of such materials, and it can be made in one or more rooms. It has the property of expanding in the direction (s) orthogonal to the compression direction (s), either by intrinsic elastic movement either by the movement of individual particles (fibrous and / or granular) relative to each other or to a binder. The structure deformable has a fairly high shear strength when it is compressed between the case and the cable, in order to oppose relative longitudinal movements thereof.

Le boítier sert d'appui pour la structure de coincement et de pièce de liaison avec l'élément à fixer au câble. C'est une pièce monobloc, par exemple cylindrique à base circulaire ou polygonale, qui entoure complètement un tronçon du câble. Ce boítier peut-être réalisé en métal ou tout autre matériau suffisamment rigide. Il a l'avantage de pouvoir être de constitution relativement légère.The housing serves as a support for the wedging structure and as a connection with the element to be fixed to the cable. It’s a single piece, for example cylindrical with circular or polygonal base, which completely surrounds a cable section. This case can be made of metal or any other material sufficiently rigid. It has the advantage of being relatively constitutional lightly.

La compression longitudinale est transmise à la structure de coincement au moyen de plaques ou d'anneaux ou d'autres pièces prenant appui sur les surfaces d'extrémité de la structure de coincement. La compression peut être appliquée à une extrémité, l'autre étant en appui contre une butée solidaire du boítier, ou aux deux extrémités de la structure de coincement, sur la totalité ou sur une partie seulement de la surface accessible.Longitudinal compression is transmitted to the structure of jamming by means of plates or rings or other parts taking press on the end surfaces of the wedging structure. The compression can be applied at one end, the other being pressed against a stop integral with the housing, or at both ends of the structure entrapment, on all or only part of the surface accessible.

Les moyens de transmission d'effort peuvent comprendre un ou plusieurs organes s'étendant parallèlement au câble, mis en tension par des moyens de serrage pour exercer l'effort de compression longitudinale aux extrémités de la structure de coincement. Ces organes de tension (boulons, torons de précontrainte ou tout autre organe approprié) peuvent passer à travers la structure de coincement, ou encore autour de celle-ci, à travers ou à l'extérieur du boítier. Les moyens de transmission d'effort peuvent encore comprendre un écrou vissé dans un filetage solidaire du boítier et appliqué contre une extrémité de la structure de coincement.The means of force transmission may include one or more several members extending parallel to the cable, tensioned by clamping means for exerting the longitudinal compression force at ends of the wedging structure. These tension members (bolts, prestressing strands or any other suitable member) may pass to through, or around, the wedging structure the outside of the case. The means of force transmission can still include a nut screwed into a thread integral with the housing and applied against one end of the wedging structure.

Dans une autre réalisation proposée ici, un dispositif de fixation entre un élément de construction et un câble de structure comprend un boítier rigide relié à l'élément de construction et entourant le câble, une structure de coincement comprenant au moins un matériau déformable, disposée entre le câble et le boítier, et des moyens de transmission d'effort agencés pour exercer un effort de compression longitudinale, parallèlement au câble, sur la structure de coincement, la structure de coincement étant pressée contre le câble et le boítier sous l'action de l'effort de compression longitudinale, de façon à offrir une résistance au mouvement du boítier et de l'élément de construction parallèlement au câble. Les moyens de transmission d'effort peuvent être conformes à ceux précédemment évoqués. En variante, ils peuvent être agencés pour transformer une composante longitudinale de la charge exercée sur le câble par l'élément de construction en une compression longitudinale de la structure déformable.In another embodiment proposed here, a fixing device between a building element and a structural cable includes a rigid housing connected to the building element and surrounding the cable, a structure of jamming comprising at least one deformable material, disposed between the cable and the housing, and force transmission means arranged for exert a longitudinal compression force, parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure, the wedging structure being pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compression force, to provide resistance to the movement of the housing and the element construction parallel to the cable. The means of effort transmission can be in accordance with those previously mentioned. Alternatively, they can be arranged to transform a component longitudinal of the load exerted on the cable by the construction element in longitudinal compression of the deformable structure.

D'autres aspects de l'invention se rapportent à un procédé tel qu'énoncés dans les revendications 21 à 25, utilisant un dispositif du type précédemment indiqué pour fixer un élément de construction à un câble de structure ou, symétriquement, un câble de structure à un élément de construction, et à un pont suspendu tel qu'énoncé dans la revendication 26.Other aspects of the invention relate to a process such as set out in claims 21 to 25, using a device of the type previously indicated for fixing a building element to a cable structure or, symmetrically, a structural cable to an element of construction, and a suspension bridge as set out in claim 26.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma de principe, en coupe longitudinale, d'un dispositif de fixation selon la présente invention ;
  • les figures 2 à 5 sont des schémas en coupe transversale de différents modes de réalisation du dispositif de la figure 1 et la figure 6 est un schéma d'un dispositif non revendiqué ;
  • la figure 7 est un schéma en coupe longitudinale, suivant le plan VII-VII indiqué sur la figure 8, d'un autre exemple de dispositif de fixation selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 8 est un schéma en coupe transversale de ce dispositif, suivant le plan VIII-VIII indiqué sur la figure 7 ;
  • les figures 9 à 12 sont des schémas en coupe longitudinale d'autres exemples de dispositifs de fixation ;
  • la figure 13 est un schéma en élévation d'une autre variante de réalisation ;
  • la figure 14 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une autre variante de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention ; et
  • la figure 15 est un schéma d'un pont suspendu selon l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages of the present invention will appear in the description below of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram, in longitudinal section, of a fixing device according to the present invention;
  • Figures 2 to 5 are cross-sectional diagrams of different embodiments of the device of Figure 1 and Figure 6 is a diagram of an unclaimed device;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram in longitudinal section, along the plane VII-VII indicated in FIG. 8, of another example of a fixing device according to the invention;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional diagram of this device, along the plane VIII-VIII shown in Figure 7;
  • Figures 9 to 12 are diagrams in longitudinal section of other examples of fastening devices;
  • Figure 13 is an elevational diagram of another alternative embodiment;
  • Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention; and
  • Figure 15 is a diagram of a suspension bridge according to the invention.

Les figures 1 et 2 montrent un dispositif de fixation installé autour d'un câble 1, ou groupe de câbles. L'élément à fixer est attaché, par des moyens appropriés non représentés, à un boítier cylindrique 2.Figures 1 and 2 show a fixing device installed around a cable 1, or group of cables. The element to be fixed is attached, by means suitable not shown, to a cylindrical housing 2.

Une structure de coincement déformable 3 ayant, dans l'exemple représenté, la forme d'un manchon en élastomère, est placée autour du câble 1 à l'intérieur du boítier cylindrique 2. Deux pièces d'appui 4, pouvant être en forme de bagues, sont respectivement appliquées aux deux extrémités de la structure déformable 3, en pénétrant à l'intérieur du boítier cylindrique 2. Un effort F de compression longitudinale est exercé sur la structure déformable 3 par l'intermédiaire des deux pièces d'appui 4. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'effort F est appliqué sur chacune des deux pièces 4 aux deux extrémités du boítier 2.A deformable wedging structure 3 having, in the example shown, the shape of an elastomeric sleeve, is placed around the cable 1 inside the cylindrical housing 2. Two support pieces 4, which can be form of rings, are respectively applied to the two ends of the deformable structure 3, penetrating inside the cylindrical housing 2. A longitudinal compression force F is exerted on the deformable structure 3 through the two support pieces 4. In the example shown, the force F is applied to each of the two parts 4 at the two ends of the case 2.

La structure déformable 3 est logée entre le câble et le boítier 2 avec un certain jeu radial. Lorsqu'elle est sollicitée en compression par l'effort F, elle se dilate radialement de manière à se trouver pressée vers l'intérieur contre le câble 1 et vers l'extérieur contre le boítier cylindrique 2. Elle procure ainsi un frottement entre le câble 1 et le boítier 2 auquel est attaché l'élément à fixer. Si l'effort F de compression axiale est suffisant, et si la structure 3 présente une résistance au cisaillement appropriée, ce frottement permet de réaliser la fixation souhaitée, empêchant les mouvements longitudinaux relatifs entre le câble 1 et le boítier 2.The deformable structure 3 is housed between the cable and the housing 2 with some radial clearance. When it is stressed in compression by the force F, it expands radially so that it is pressed inwards against the cable 1 and outwards against the cylindrical housing 2. It thus provides a friction between the cable 1 and the housing 2 to which the element to be fixed is attached. Yes the axial compression force F is sufficient, and if the structure 3 has a appropriate shear strength, this friction enables the desired fixing, preventing relative longitudinal movements between the cable 1 and box 2.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, le câble 1 est constitué par un ensemble de brins juxtaposés 6. Chaque brin 6 peut lui-même être composé de plusieurs fils élémentaires. La structure déformable 3 a une forme complémentaire du volume situé entre la périphérie du câble et la face intérieure du boítier 2. Cette forme peut être obtenue en moulant la structure déformable 3, ou encore par déformation d'un manchon en élastomère de forme originale cylindrique.In the example of FIG. 2, the cable 1 is constituted by an assembly of strands juxtaposed 6. Each strand 6 can itself be composed of several elementary sons. The deformable structure 3 has a shape complementary to the volume located between the periphery of the cable and the inside of the case 2. This shape can be obtained by molding the deformable structure 3, or by deformation of an elastomeric sleeve of original cylindrical shape.

Dans la variante de la figure 3, les brins 6 constitutifs du câble 1 ne sont pas juxtaposés, mais espacés les uns des autres. La matière élastomère de la structure déformable 3 se trouve également dans les intervalles entre les brins 6.In the variant of FIG. 3, the strands 6 constituting the cable 1 do not are not juxtaposed, but spaced from each other. The elastomeric material of the deformable structure 3 is also found in the intervals between the strands 6.

Dans la variante de la figure 4, le câble 1 est constitué par un fil métallique plein, de section cylindrique. La structure déformable 3 peut alors avoir simplement la forme d'un manchon cylindrique.In the variant of Figure 4, the cable 1 is constituted by a wire solid metal, of cylindrical section. The deformable structure 3 can then simply have the shape of a cylindrical sleeve.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 5, le câble 1 est constitué par un toron composé de sept fils métalliques torsadés 7, protégés par une gaine en matière plastique 8, avec un matériau adhérent 9, par exemple un élastomère, entre les fils 7 et la gaine 8. Un tel toron est décrit dans la demande de brevet européen 0 855 471. Le manchon cylindrique déformable 3 s'appuie alors contre la gaine 8 du toron. Le frottement de ce manchon 3 sur le boítier 2 et la gaine 8 procure la fixation souhaitée, conjointement avec l'adhérence de la matière 9 sur les fils 7 et la gaine 8.In the example of FIG. 5, the cable 1 is constituted by a strand composed of seven twisted metallic wires 7, protected by a sheath in plastic material 8, with an adhesive material 9, for example an elastomer, between the wires 7 and the sheath 8. Such a strand is described in the patent application European 0 855 471. The deformable cylindrical sleeve 3 then rests against the sheath 8 of the strand. The friction of this sleeve 3 on the housing 2 and the sheath 8 provides the desired fixation, together with the adhesion of the material 9 on the wires 7 and the sheath 8.

Dans les exemples des figures 2 à 5, le boítier 2 est une pièce monobloc de forme générale cylindrique. La base de cette forme cylindrique est circulaire dans les exemples représentés, mais on notera qu'elle pourrait également être différente, notamment polygonale. Le fait que le boítier 2 soit une pièce monobloc lui permet d'être de constitution relativement légère pour une fixation résistant à une charge donnée, notamment plus légère que s'il était formé par assemblage de plusieurs coquilles, à la manière des colliers conventionnels.In the examples of Figures 2 to 5, the housing 2 is a part monobloc of generally cylindrical shape. The basis of this cylindrical shape is circular in the examples shown, but note that it could also be different, especially polygonal. The fact that the case 2 is a single piece allows it to be relatively light in constitution for a fastening resistant to a given load, in particular lighter than if it were formed by assembling several shells, like necklaces conventional.

La variante de réalisation de la figure 6 montre que le boítier 2a auquel est attaché l'élément à fixer peut n'entourer le câble 1 que partiellement. Dans l'exemple représenté, le câble 1 est entouré sur environ 240°, ce qui permet la mise en place du boítier 2a sans qu'il ait été nécessaire de l'enfiler préalablement sur le câble 1, ce qui peut faciliter le montage dans certains cas. Des rebords 2b dirigés vers l'intérieur sont situés aux extrémités du périmètre du boítier pour assurer le maintien de la structure déformable entre le câble et le boítier. La figure 6 montre également que la structure déformable 3 peut consister en plusieurs éléments 3a, 3b agencés autour du câble 1.The alternative embodiment of Figure 6 shows that the housing 2a to which is attached the element to be fixed may surround the cable 1 only partially. In the example shown, the cable 1 is surrounded over approximately 240 °, which allows the installation of the housing 2a without having to put it on beforehand on cable 1, which can facilitate mounting in certain cases. Inwardly directed edges 2b are located at the ends of the perimeter the housing to maintain the deformable structure between the cable and The box. Figure 6 also shows that the deformable structure 3 can consist of several elements 3a, 3b arranged around the cable 1.

Les figures 7 et 8 montrent une forme de réalisation possible des moyens de transmission de la compression longitudinale dans le cas d'un câble ayant une structure du type représenté sur la figure 3. Dans cet exemple, la structure déformable 3 consiste en un bloc de matériau élastomère traversé par sept canaux cylindriques 11 de diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre des sept brins 6 constitutifs du câble, et par trois autres canaux cylindriques 12 répartis symétriquement sur la section du boítier et destinés à recevoir trois tiges filetées 13 de diamètre légèrement inférieur. Les tiges filetées 13 traversent des trous correspondants prévus dans les pièces d'appui 4. Les tiges 13 dépassent aux deux extrémités du boítier 1, où elles reçoivent des écrous 14. Le serrage de ces écrous met en tension les tiges 13 de manière à exercer la compression longitudinale sur la structure déformable 3. Sous l'effet de cette compression, la structure déformable 3 prend appui sur l'intérieur du boítier 2 et vient serrer les brins 6.Figures 7 and 8 show a possible embodiment of the means of transmitting longitudinal compression in the case of a cable having a structure of the type shown in FIG. 3. In this example, the deformable structure 3 consists of a block of elastomeric material traversed by seven cylindrical channels 11 of diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the seven strands 6 constituting the cable, and by three other cylindrical channels 12 distributed symmetrically on the section of the case and intended to receive three threaded rods 13 of slightly smaller diameter. The threaded rods 13 pass through corresponding holes provided in the support pieces 4. The rods 13 protrude at both ends of the housing 1, where they receive nuts 14. Tightening these nuts tension the rods 13 so as to apply longitudinal compression to the deformable structure 3. Under the effect of this compression, the deformable structure 3 is supported on the inside of the case 2 and tightens the strands 6.

En variante, les tiges filetées 13 pourraient passer à l'extérieur de la structure déformable 3, à travers la paroi du boítier 2 ou à l'extérieur de celui-ci. Ces tiges pourraient encore être remplacées par d'autres organes travaillant en tension, comme par exemple des torons de précontrainte ancrés à leurs extrémités par des clavettes coniques.Alternatively, the threaded rods 13 could pass outside the deformable structure 3, through the wall of the housing 2 or outside thereof. These rods could still be replaced by other organs working in tension, such as prestressing strands anchored to their ends by conical keys.

Dans la réalisation avantageuse de la figure 9, la structure de coincement déformable comprend plusieurs (trois dans l'exemple représenté) tronçons en matériau déformable 3c, 3d, 3e disposés successivement le long du câble 1. Les tronçons d'extrémités 3c, 3e sont sollicités en compression par les pièces d'appui 4, tandis que des inserts rigides 15 sont placés entre les tronçons adjacents. Ces inserts 15 s'étendent radialement entre le câble et le boítier. Il peuvent notamment être en forme d'anneaux. Ils ont pour rôle de limiter le fluage du matériau déformable de la structure de coincement depuis le côté du câble 1 où sont appliquées les charges transversales vers le côté opposé. Ils procurent un appui pour le câble 1 si un tel fluage se produit, et une fois que cet appui est réalisé, le fluage cesse puisque le matériau déformable n'est quasiment plus sollicité transversalement. Avantageusement, les inserts 15 et les pièces d'appui 4 présentent des jeux radiaux par rapport au câble 1, ajustés pour que celui-ci suive un rayon de courbure constant ou sensiblement constant lorsqu'il prend appui sur ces inserts, afin de minimiser les courbures indésirables.In the advantageous embodiment of FIG. 9, the structure of deformable wedge includes several (three in the example shown) sections of deformable material 3c, 3d, 3e arranged successively along of the cable 1. The end sections 3c, 3e are stressed in compression by the support pieces 4, while rigid inserts 15 are placed between the adjacent sections. These inserts 15 extend radially between the cable and the housing. They can in particular be in the form of rings. Their role is to limit the creep of the deformable material of the wedging structure from the side of cable 1 where the transverse loads are applied to the side opposite. They provide support for cable 1 if such creep occurs, and a once this support is produced, the creep ceases since the deformable material is almost no longer used transversely. Advantageously, the inserts 15 and the support pieces 4 have radial clearances relative to the cable 1, adjusted so that it follows a constant or substantially radius of curvature constant when resting on these inserts, to minimize bending undesirable.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 10, l'effort de compression longitudinale est appliqué sur un côté seulement du boítier 16. À l'autre extrémité du boítier, la structure déformable 3 est retenue par une portion solidaire du boítier 16, telle que par exemple un rebord 17 dirigé vers l'intérieur. Du côté où le serrage est appliqué, la pièce d'appui 18, en forme de bague s'appuyant sur la structure déformable 3, présente un rebord 19 dirigé vers l'extérieur et pourvu de trous recevant des boulons 21 fixés au boítier. Le serrage d'écrous 22 sur les boulons 21 permet alors de comprimer la structure 3 entre le rebord 17 et la bagues d'appui 18.In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the compression force longitudinal is applied to only one side of the housing 16. To the other end of the housing, the deformable structure 3 is retained by a portion integral with the housing 16, such as for example a flange 17 directed inward. On the side where the tightening is applied, the support piece 18, in the form of a ring based on the deformable structure 3, has a flange 19 directed towards the outside and provided with holes receiving bolts 21 fixed to the housing. The tightening the nuts 22 on the bolts 21 then makes it possible to compress the structure 3 between the flange 17 and the support rings 18.

Le dispositif de fixation représenté sur la figure 10 comporte un organe de réglage pénétrant à l'intérieur du boítier 16 transversalement à la direction du câble. Cet organe consiste en une vis 23 qu'on peut faire pénétrer plus ou moins profondément dans le boítier 16 pour faire varier le volume disponible pour la structure déformable 3, ce qui permet de faire varier le serrage procuré.The fixing device shown in Figure 10 includes a adjustment member penetrating inside the housing 16 transversely to the cable direction. This organ consists of a screw 23 which can be penetrated more or less deeply in the housing 16 to vary the volume available for the deformable structure 3, which makes it possible to vary the tightening provided.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 10, le câble 1 consiste, comme indiqué en référence à la figure 5, en un ou plusieurs torons protégés par une gaine individuelle 8 en matière plastique, par exemple en polyéthylène à haute densité (PEHD), et la structure déformable 3 est en élastomère, par exemple en néoprène. Une couche rigide intermédiaire 24 est disposée entre la structure déformable 3 et la gaine 8 du câble, pour tenir compte du coefficient de frottement médiocre entre le PEHD et le néoprène. Cette couche 24 peut notamment être en PEHD, le coefficient de frottement PEHD/PEHD étant meilleur. Sur sa face extérieure, c'est-à-dire en direction de la structure déformable 3, la couche intermédiaire 24 présente des reliefs transversaux à la direction du câble, telles que des stries 25, afin d'augmenter le frottement.In the example of FIG. 10, the cable 1 consists, as indicated in reference to FIG. 5, in one or more strands protected by a sheath individual 8 made of plastic, for example high-density polyethylene density (HDPE), and the deformable structure 3 is made of elastomer, for example neoprene. An intermediate rigid layer 24 is disposed between the deformable structure 3 and the sheath 8 of the cable, to take account of the coefficient poor friction between HDPE and neoprene. This layer 24 can in particular be made of HDPE, the coefficient of friction HDPE / HDPE being better. On its outer face, i.e. towards the structure deformable 3, the intermediate layer 24 has reliefs transverse to the cable direction, such as streaks 25, to increase friction.

La figure 11 montre une variante de la réalisation selon la figure 10, dans laquelle la couche rigide intermédiaire 26 se termine, du côté du rebord interne 17 du boítier 16, par un rebord externe 26a. Les rebords 17 et 26a sont en butée axiale l'un sur l'autre, et la structure déformable 3 est comprimée longitudinalement entre le rebord 26a et la bague d'appui 18 qui sollicite en direction desdits rebords l'extrémité de la structure de coincement opposée à celle qui est en appui contre le rebord 26a. Ceci assure le serrage radial entre le boítier 3 et la couche intermédiaire 26, cette dernière transmettant le serrage au câble 1. Dans cette variante, la seule interface travaillant en frottement est celle entre la couche 26 et le câble 1, ce qui permet d'éliminer tout problème de glissement qui pourrait survenir à la surface de la matière déformable.FIG. 11 shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 10, in which the intermediate rigid layer 26 ends, on the edge side internal 17 of the housing 16, by an external rim 26a. Edges 17 and 26a are in axial abutment against each other, and the deformable structure 3 is compressed longitudinally between the rim 26a and the support ring 18 which biases direction of said edges the end of the wedging structure opposite to that which is in abutment against the rim 26a. This ensures radial tightening between the housing 3 and the intermediate layer 26, the latter transmitting the tightening to cable 1. In this variant, the only interface working in friction is that between layer 26 and cable 1, which eliminates any problem of slip which could occur on the surface of the deformable material.

Les figures 12 et 13 montrent des réalisations dans lesquelles l'effort de compression longitudinale appliqué à la structure déformable résulte d'une transformation de la composante longitudinale de la charge C exercée sur le câble par l'élément à fixer. Dans les deux exemples représentés, le câble 1 est en position inclinée, et la charge C est dirigée verticalement. Figures 12 and 13 show embodiments in which the effort of longitudinal compression applied to the deformable structure results from a transformation of the longitudinal component of the load C exerted on the cable by the element to be fixed. In the two examples shown, the cable 1 is in the inclined position, and the load C is directed vertically.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 12, une butée annulaire 27 est fixée sur le câble 1, en exerçant un serrage modéré sur celui-ci. L'extrémité inférieure de la structure déformable 3 prend appui sur cette butée 27, et son extrémité supérieure sur un rebord intérieur 28 solidaire du boítier 29. La charge C transmise au boítier 29 par l'élément à fixer a une composante longitudinale CL dirigée de l'extrémité supérieure vers l'extrémité inférieure de la structure déformable. Cette composante CL sollicite le rebord 28 vers la structure déformable 3, qui se trouve comprimée entre la butée 27 et le rebord 28. Il est à noter que la résistance au glissement offerte par le dispositif est plus importante que celle fournie pour la seule butée 27 fixée au câble.In the example of FIG. 12, an annular stop 27 is fixed on the cable 1, by exerting a moderate tightening on the latter. The lower end of the deformable structure 3 is supported on this stop 27, and its upper end on an inner rim 28 integral with the housing 29. The load C transmitted to the housing 29 by the element to be fixed has a longitudinal component C L directed from the upper end to the lower end of the deformable structure. This component C L urges the flange 28 towards the deformable structure 3, which is compressed between the stop 27 and the flange 28. It should be noted that the slip resistance offered by the device is greater than that provided for the single stop 27 attached to the cable.

Dans le cas de la figure 13, l'élément à fixer 31 est attaché à un levier 32 articulé à son extrémité opposée sur un support 33 solidaire du boítier 34, l'axe d'articulation A étant horizontal et perpendiculaire au câble 1. Une zone intermédiaire du levier 32 est appliquée contre une pièce d'appui 35 pénétrant dans le boítier 34 où elle exerce l'effort de compression longitudinale à une extrémité de la structure déformable, dont l'extrémité opposée bute contre un rebord 36 solidaire du boítier 34, comme le montre l'arrachement du boítier sur la figure. Cet agencement transmet la composante longitudinale CL de la charge à la structure déformable 3, avec une amplification dépendant des dimensions du levier 32.In the case of Figure 13, the element to be fixed 31 is attached to a lever 32 articulated at its opposite end on a support 33 secured to the housing 34, the hinge axis A being horizontal and perpendicular to the cable 1. A intermediate zone of the lever 32 is applied against a support piece 35 penetrating into the housing 34 where it exerts the longitudinal compression force at one end of the deformable structure, the opposite end of which abuts against a flange 36 integral with the housing 34 , as shown by the tearing off of the case in the figure. This arrangement transmits the longitudinal component C L of the load to the deformable structure 3, with an amplification depending on the dimensions of the lever 32.

Dans le dispositif de fixation représenté sur la figure 14, le boítier 50, de forme générale cylindrique, est traversé par un orifice tronconique axial 51. Dans le cas d'un collier d'accrochage de suspente, une nervure 52 est soudée à l'extérieur du boítier cylindrique 50 pour recevoir une chape fixée à l'extrémité supérieure de la suspente.In the fixing device shown in FIG. 14, the housing 50, generally cylindrical in shape, is crossed by an axial frustoconical orifice 51. In the case of a hanger attachment collar, a rib 52 is welded outside the cylindrical housing 50 to receive a yoke fixed at the end top of the hanger.

Le boítier cylindrique 50 comporte en outre deux filetages intérieurs 53, 54 de part et d'autre de l'orifice tronconique 51. Le filetage 53 est formé à la périphérie d'un évidement cylindrique 55 formé au-dessus de l'orifice tronconique 51 (vers la gauche de la figure 13). Cet orifice 55 reçoit l'extrémité inférieure d'un élément de gaine 56, pourvue d'un épaulement radial 57. Un écrou 58 fileté extérieurement prend appui contre l'épaulement 57 et coopère avec le filetage 53 pour raccorder l'élément de gaine 56 au boítier 50.The cylindrical housing 50 further comprises two internal threads 53, 54 on either side of the frustoconical orifice 51. The thread 53 is formed at the periphery of a cylindrical recess 55 formed above the orifice frustoconical 51 (to the left of Figure 13). This orifice 55 receives the end lower of a sheath element 56, provided with a radial shoulder 57. A nut 58 externally threaded bears against the shoulder 57 and cooperates with the thread 53 to connect the sheath element 56 to the housing 50.

Le filetage 54 est formé à la périphérie d'un autre évidement cylindrique 60 formé au-dessous de l'orifice tronconique 51. Ce filetage 54 reçoit un filetage extérieur complémentaire 61 formé à une extrémité supérieure d'un autre tronçon de gaine 62 afin de raccorder ce tronçon de gaine 62 au boítier 50.The thread 54 is formed at the periphery of another recess cylindrical 60 formed below the frustoconical orifice 51. This thread 54 receives a complementary external thread 61 formed at one end upper of another section of sheath 62 in order to connect this section of sheath 62 in case 50.

Les tronçons de gaine 56, 62 s'étendent entre deux colliers consécutifs sur le câble porteur. Les tronçons de gaine 62 raccordés sur les côtés inférieurs des boítiers 50 ont un diamètre légèrement supérieur à celui des tronçons de gaine 56 raccordés sur les côtés supérieurs des boítiers. Ces deux tronçons de gaine 56, 62 se chevauchent sur une certaine longueur dans l'intervalle séparant deux colliers. Ce chevauchement télescopique permet de raccourcir la gaine entre les colliers pour faciliter le montage, et autorise des dilatations différentielles entre les matériaux.The sheath sections 56, 62 extend between two consecutive collars on the carrying cable. The sheath sections 62 connected on the sides lower housings 50 have a diameter slightly greater than that of sheath sections 56 connected on the upper sides of the housings. These two sheath sections 56, 62 overlap over a certain length in the interval between two collars. This telescopic overlap allows shorten the sheath between the collars to facilitate mounting, and allow differential expansions between materials.

On réalise ainsi une gaine protectrice du câble porteur qui se raccorde de façon continue au niveau des colliers, ce qui assure une protection fiable et une bonne esthétique d'ensemble. On obtient un autre avantage lorsqu'il est demandé qu'il soit possible de souffler de l'air sec dans la gaine d'un câble porteur de pont suspendu afin d'éliminer l'humidité : la réalisation de la figure 14 permet de réaliser aisément l'étanchéité requise au niveau des accrochages de suspentes tout en laissant l'air circuler, alors que ceci pose de sérieuses difficultés avec les colliers antérieurs constitués par boulonnage de plusieurs coquilles.This produces a protective sheath of the carrying cable which is connected continuously on the collars, which provides reliable protection and good overall aesthetics. Another benefit is obtained when asked that it is possible to blow dry air into the sheath of a cable suspension bridge carrier to remove moisture: the realization of the figure 14 allows the required tightness to be easily achieved at the level of the hooks lines while letting the air circulate, while this poses serious difficulties with the previous collars formed by bolting several shells.

L'orifice tronconique 51 du boítier 50 reçoit un mors tronconique complémentaire 64 qui réalise le coincement entre le câble et le boítier. Comme il est usuel, le mors 64 peut être constitué en plusieurs secteurs angulaires distincts, par exemple au nombre de trois. Vers le côté inférieur du boítier 50, qui correspond à l'extrémité de plus grand diamètre de l'orifice et du mors tronconiques, le mors 64 est sollicité par un écrou 65 pourvu d'un filetage extérieur coopérant avec le filetage 54.The frustoconical orifice 51 of the housing 50 receives a frustoconical jaw complementary 64 which performs the wedging between the cable and the housing. As usual, the jaw 64 can be made up of several sectors separate angles, for example three in number. Towards the lower side of the housing 50, which corresponds to the larger diameter end of the orifice and the frustoconical jaws, the jaw 64 is stressed by a nut 65 provided with a thread exterior cooperating with thread 54.

Avant l'accrochage de la suspente sur la plaque 52, l'écrou 65 est vissé dans l'évidement 60 afin d'enfoncer le mors 64 vers l'extrémité supérieure de plus petit diamètre de l'orifice tronconique 51. Le mors 64 se trouve ainsi comprimé longitudinalement entre son interface tronconique avec le boítier 50 et son extrémité arrière sollicitée par l'écrou 65.Before the suspension of the hanger on the plate 52, the nut 65 is screwed into the recess 60 in order to push the jaw 64 towards the end upper of smaller diameter of the frustoconical orifice 51. The jaw 64 is thus finds it compressed longitudinally between its frustoconical interface with the housing 50 and its rear end urged by the nut 65.

Au moment où ce serrage est exercé, le mors 64 subit une compression longitudinale, contrôlée par le serrage de l'écrou 65, qui se traduit par un serrage transversal du câble 1. En exerçant ce serrage, on peut solidariser préalablement le boítier sur le câble (ou le câble dans le boítier), puis mettre en place l'ensemble tout en conservant le positionnement des composants. Lorsque la charge est ensuite transmise par l'accrochage des suspentes, l'effort de compression longitudinale augmente du fait de la charge transmise par le boítier 50 (vers la droite sur la figure 14), et le positionnement n'est pas modifié.When this tightening is exerted, the jaw 64 undergoes a longitudinal compression, controlled by tightening the nut 65, which results by a transverse tightening of the cable 1. By applying this tightening, one can first secure the box to the cable (or the cable in the box), then set up the assembly while retaining the positioning of components. When the load is then transmitted by the attachment of lines, the longitudinal compressive force increases due to the load transmitted by the housing 50 (to the right in Figure 14), and the positioning is not changed.

En outre, le dispositif de fixation selon la figure 14 est toujours en condition de sécurité, du fait du fonctionnement auto-coinçant y compris dans les cas où il pourrait se produire un léger mouvement vers le haut de la suspente. Le montage est également auto-coinçant en cas de surcharge accidentelle sur la suspente.In addition, the fixing device according to FIG. 14 is always in safety condition, due to self-wedging operation including in cases where there may be a slight upward movement of the hanger. The assembly is also self-wedging in case of overload accidental on the hanger.

L'écrou de transmission d'effort 65 est serré au moyen d'un outil approprié, tel qu'une clé à ergots, à un couple prédéfini afin d'assurer un serrage suffisant entre le câble 1 et le boítier 50.The force transmission nut 65 is tightened by means of a tool suitable, such as a hook wrench, to a predefined torque to ensure sufficient tightening between cable 1 and housing 50.

Dans le cas d'un câble multi-torons, l'efficacité du serrage peut être augmentée en comblant les vides entre les torons au moyen d'inserts curvilignes en matière plastique (voir EP-A-0 789 110). Pour augmenter le coefficient de frottement entre les torons, et/ou entre les torons et le mors, on peut en outre placer un tissu de fibres de verre autour des torons.In the case of a multi-strand cable, the tightening efficiency can be increased by filling gaps between strands with inserts curvilinear plastic (see EP-A-0 789 110). To increase the coefficient of friction between the strands, and / or between the strands and the jaw, can also place a glass fiber cloth around the strands.

Pour limiter le fluage du mors tronconique 64, celui-ci peut être réalisé en matière plastique, par exemple en PEHD ou en polyamide, et le volume qu'il occupe est confiné.To limit the creep of the frustoconical jaw 64, it can be produced plastic, for example HDPE or polyamide, and the volume it occupies is confined.

Une fois qu'on a exercé le serrage contrôlé avec l'écrou 65, on fait en sorte d'éviter les fluages supplémentaires du matériau du mors 64. Pour cela, on confine autant que possible le mors dans son logement tronconique. On peut notamment utiliser une cale 66, représentée à la partie supérieure de la figure 14, qu'on vient appliquer contre l'extrémité de plus petite section du mors 64 après le serrage, afin d'obturer cette extrémité et de prévenir l'excès de fluage de la matière du mors. Du côté opposé, l'écrou 65 a une configuration propre à éviter également le fluage de la matière du mors.Once we have exercised the controlled tightening with nut 65, we so as to avoid the additional flows of the material of the jaw 64. For this, the bit is confined as much as possible in its frustoconical housing. We can in particular use a wedge 66, shown at the top of the Figure 14, which is applied against the end of the smallest section of the jaw 64 after tightening, in order to close off this end and prevent excess creep of the material of the jaw. On the opposite side, nut 65 has a configuration suitable also for preventing the creep of the jaw material.

Pour assembler la structure porteuse d'un pont suspendu réalisé à l'aide de dispositifs de fixation selon la figure 14, on procède comme suit :

  • on découpe les tronçons de gaine 56, 62, et on soude à leurs extrémités les pièces de raccordement comportant les rebords 57 et les filetages 61 ;
  • on découpe à la longueur exacte les torons constitutifs du câble 1 ;
  • on marque précisément sur les torons la position de chaque boítier 50 pour l'accrochage des suspentes 41 et/ou la pose au sommet des pylônes 40 ;
  • on enfile autour du câble les tronçons de gaine 56, 62, les écrous 58, 65, les mors 64, les boítiers 50 et les cales optionnelles 66, dans l'ordre approprié depuis une extrémité du câble ou les deux ;
  • on amène chaque boítier 50 à l'emplacement spécifié sur le câble et après avoir engagé le mors 64 dans son orifice 51, on l'enfonce en appliquant le serrage requis au moyen de l'écrou 65 ;
  • après avoir serré l'écrou 65, on engage l'extrémité de l'élément de gaine 56 et la cale optionnelle 66 dans l'évidement 55, et on raccorde cet élément de gaine 56 au boítier 50 au moyen de l'écrou 58 ; sur le côté opposé du boítier 50, on engage également l'élément de gaine 62 en vissant son extrémité filetée 61 dans l'évidement 60 ;
  • après avoir mis en place tous les boítiers de cette manière, on installe le câble en position sur les pylônes, et on procède aux ancrages des extrémités des torons puis à l'accrochage des suspentes.
To assemble the supporting structure of a suspension bridge produced with the aid of fixing devices according to FIG. 14, the procedure is as follows:
  • the sheath sections 56, 62 are cut, and the connection pieces comprising the flanges 57 and the threads 61 are welded at their ends;
  • the strands making up the cable 1 are cut to the exact length;
  • the position of each box 50 is precisely marked on the strands for hanging the lines 41 and / or placing them on top of the pylons 40;
  • the sheath sections 56, 62, the nuts 58, 65, the jaws 64, the housings 50 and the optional shims 66 are threaded around the cable, in the appropriate order from one end of the cable or both;
  • each housing 50 is brought to the location specified on the cable and after having engaged the jaw 64 in its orifice 51, it is pressed in by applying the required tightening by means of the nut 65;
  • after tightening the nut 65, the end of the sheath element 56 and the optional shim 66 are engaged in the recess 55, and this sheath element 56 is connected to the housing 50 by means of the nut 58; on the opposite side of the housing 50, the sheath element 62 is also engaged by screwing its threaded end 61 into the recess 60;
  • after having set up all the boxes in this way, the cable is installed in position on the pylons, and we proceed to anchor the ends of the strands and then to hang the lines.

Grâce au dispositif de fixation utilisé, cette façon de procéder permet un assemblage précis et fiable de la structure porteuse.Thanks to the fixing device used, this way of proceeding allows precise and reliable assembly of the supporting structure.

Il est à noter que la même façon de procéder procure des avantages similaires de fiabilité et de précision lorsqu'on utilise un dispositif selon l'une des figures 1 à 11, dans lequel une structure de coincement déformable est employée à la place d'un mors tronconique.It should be noted that the same procedure provides advantages similar in reliability and precision when using a device according to one Figures 1 to 11, in which a deformable wedging structure is used in place of a frustoconical jaw.

On réalise en outre un ensemble relativement esthétique grâce à la continuité de raccordement des tronçons de gaine 56, 62. On notera toutefois que cette gaine protectrice 56, 62 est optionnelle. Dans une autre réalisation, convenant notamment dans le cas d'une préfabrication totale, les tronçons de gaine s'étendent d'un seul tenant d'un collier à un autre, ce qui améliore l'étanchéité.In addition, a relatively aesthetic assembly is produced thanks to the continuity of connection of the sheath sections 56, 62. However, it will be noted that this protective sheath 56, 62 is optional. In another realization, suitable in particular in the case of total prefabrication, the sections of sheath extend in one piece from one collar to another, which improves sealing.

La figure 15 illustre schématiquement un pont suspendu ayant un ou plusieurs câbles porteurs 1 équipés de dispositifs de fixation selon l'invention. La câble porteur 1 est ancré aux deux extrémités du pont, et il passe sur des pylônes 40. Des suspentes 41 sont accrochées sur le câble porteur pour soutenir le tablier 42 du pont. Les suspentes 41 sont fixées au câble porteur à leurs extrémités supérieures qui sont attachées à des boítiers 43 faisant partie de dispositifs de fixation du type précédemment décrit. Ces dispositifs empêchent les suspentes verticales 41 de coulisser le long du câble sous l'effet de la composante parallèle au câble de la charge exercée verticalement par le tablier 42. Dans le cas d'un pont suspendu ne comportant pas de suspente, l'élément de construction relié au boítier 43 peut être directement une portion solidaire du tablier.Figure 15 schematically illustrates a suspension bridge having one or more several carrying cables 1 equipped with fixing devices according to the invention. The carrying cable 1 is anchored at both ends of the bridge, and it passes over pylons 40. Lines 41 are hung on the carrying cable for support the deck 42 of the bridge. The lines 41 are fixed to the carrying cable at their upper ends which are attached to housings 43 forming part fixing devices of the type described above. These devices prevent the vertical lines 41 from sliding along the cable under the effect of the component parallel to the cable of the load exerted vertically by the deck 42. In the case of a suspension bridge without a suspension line, the building element connected to the housing 43 can be directly a portion secured to the deck.

Le câble porteur 1 est dévié au niveau du sommet des pylônes 40, où l'effort de traction peut être dissymétrique. On peut donc être amené à bloquer le câble pour éviter qu'il coulisse par rapport aux pylônes. Pour cela, on installe en haut des pylônes 40 des boítiers 44 qui entourent le câble 1 pour bloquer celui-ci par rapport aux pylônes comme précédemment décrit.The carrying cable 1 is deflected at the top of the pylons 40, where the tensile force may be asymmetrical. We can therefore be led to block the cable to prevent it from sliding relative to the pylons. For that, we install at the top of the pylons 40 of the boxes 44 which surround the cable 1 to block this with respect to the pylons as previously described.

Claims (27)

  1. Device for fixing together a construction element (40, 41) and a structural cable (1), comprising a rigid housing (2; 16; 50) for connection to the construction element and surrounding the cable, a wedging structure (3; 64) arranged between the cable and housing, and load transmitting means (4, 13, 14; 17, 18, 21, 22; 65) designed to exert a longitudinal compressive force (F) parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure, the wedging structure being pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compressive force, so as to offer resistance to the movement of the housing and of the construction element parallel to the cable, characterized in that the housing is a one-piece part which completely surrounds one portion of the cable.
  2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the wedging structure (3) comprises at least one deformable material.
  3. Device according to claim 2, wherein the wedging structure comprises several portions made of deformable material (3c, 3d, 3e) arranged in the longitudinal direction and separated by inserts (15) running radially between the cable (1) and the housing (2).
  4. Device according to claim 1, wherein the wedging structure comprises a frustoconical jaw (64) engaged in a complementary frustoconical orifice (51) formed inside the housing (50), and the load transmitting means (65) are applied against the largest-section end of the frustoconical jaw so as to urge the jaw toward the smallest-section end of the frustoconical orifice.
  5. Device according to claim 4, wherein just one end of the housing (50) has a frustoconical orifice (51) receiving a jaw (64) urged toward the opposite end of the housing.
  6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the jaw (64) is made of plastic.
  7. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, comprising at least one wedge (66) applied against the smallest-section end of the frustoconical jaw (64).
  8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the housing is provided with means (53, 54) of continuous connection of an outer sheath (56, 62) surrounding the cable (1).
  9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the connecting means comprise, on the one hand, a first internal screw thread (53) formed at a first end of the housing to receive an end of a first sheath portion (56) and an externally threaded nut (58) for fixing said first sheath portion to the housing and, on the other hand, a second internal screw thread (54) formed at an opposite end of the housing to receive an externally threaded end (61) of a second sheath portion (62).
  10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the load transmitting means comprise at least one member (13; 21) running parallel to the cable (1), tensioned by clamping means (14; 22) so as to exert the longitudinal compressive force on the ends of the wedging structure (3).
  11. Device according to claim 10, wherein said member (13) passes through the wedging structure (3).
  12. Device according to claim 10, wherein said member passes around the wedging structure (3) through or round the outside of the housing (2).
  13. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the load transmitting means comprise at least one nut (65) screwed into a screw thread (54) integral with the housing (50) and applied against an end of the wedging structure (64).
  14. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the load transmitting means (27, 28; 32, 35, 36) are designed to convert a longitudinal component (CL) of the load exerted on the cable (1) by the construction element into a longitudinal compression of the wedging structure (3).
  15. Device according to claim 14, wherein the load transmitting means comprise a stop (27) fixed to the cable, against which a first end of the wedging structure (3) bears, and a part (28) integral with the housing (29) bearing against a second end of the wedging structure which is opposite the first end, the longitudinal component (CL) of the load exerted on the cable by the construction element being directed from the second end toward the first end.
  16. Device according to claim 14, wherein the housing (34) has an internal rim (35) against which a first end of the wedging structure (3) bears, and wherein the load transmitting means comprise a lever (32) articulated to a part (33) integral with the housing, by means of which the construction element (31) is connected to the housing, and a transmission member (35) bearing against a second end of the wedging structure opposite the first end and to which a portion of the lever applies the longitudinal compressive force in response to the load exerted by the construction element.
  17. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein a fiberglass fabric is inserted between the cable (1) and the wedging structure and/or between the constituent strands of the cable.
  18. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the cable (1) is protected by at least one plastic sheath (8), and wherein a rigid intermediate layer (24, 26) is arranged between the wedging structure (3) and the cable sheath.
  19. Device according to claim 18, wherein the wedging structure (3) is deformable and wherein the intermediate layer (24) exhibits, toward the deformable wedging structure (3), reliefs (25) transversal to the direction of the cable (1).
  20. Device according to claim 18, wherein the rigid intermediate layer (26) has an external radial rim (26a) against which a first end of the wedging structure (3) is applied, wherein said rim of the rigid intermediate layer is axially in abutment against an internal radial rim (17) of the housing (16), and wherein the load transmitting means comprise means (18, 19, 21, 22) for compressing the wedging structure by urging a second end of the wedging structure opposite the first end toward said rims.
  21. Method for fixing a construction element (41) to a structural cable (1), wherein a rigid housing (2; 16; 50) intended to transmit a load from the construction element to the cable is placed around the cable, the rigid housing consisting of a one-piece part which completely surrounds a portion of the cable, a wedging structure (3; 64) is placed between the cable and the housing, and the wedging structure is compressed longitudinally, parallel to the cable, before the load of the construction element is applied, so that the wedging structure is pressed against the cable and the housing in such a way as to offer resistance to the movement of the housing and of the construction element parallel to the cable.
  22. Method for fixing a structural cable (1) to a construction element (40), wherein a rigid housing (2; 16; 50) intended to apply to the construction element a load transmitted via the cable is fitted around the cable, the rigid housing consisting of a one-piece part which completely surrounds a portion of the cable, a wedging structure (3; 64) is placed between the cable and the housing, and the wedging structure is compressed longitudinally, parallel to the cable, before the load is applied, so that the wedging structure is pressed against the cable and the housing in such a way as to offer resistance to the movement of the cable with respect to the housing and to the construction element.
  23. Method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the wedging structure (3) comprises at least one deformable material.
  24. Method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the wedging structure comprises a frustoconical jaw (64) that is engaged in a complementary frustoconical orifice (51) formed inside the housing (50), and wherein the frustoconical jaw is compressed longitudinally by applying to its largest-section end, a force that drives it in toward the smallest-section end of the frustoconical orifice.
  25. Method according to claim 24, wherein a jaw (64) is engaged via just one end of the housing (50), the jaw being urged toward the opposite end of the housing.
  26. Suspension bridge comprising at least one suspension cable (1) and construction elements for supporting a deck of the bridge, at least some of the construction elements (40, 41) being fixed to the suspension cable by means of devices according to any one of claims 1 to 20.
  27. Suspension bridge according to claim 26, wherein the construction elements fixed with respect to the suspension cable (1) by means of said devices comprise tops of towers (40) of the bridge where the suspension cable is deflected and/or hangers (41) connected to the deck of the bridge and/or sections of the deck of the bridge.
EP99961108A 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable Expired - Lifetime EP1144760B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99961108A EP1144760B1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable
EP02026161A EP1284324B1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816448 1998-12-24
FR9816448 1998-12-24
EP99401563 1999-06-23
EP99401563A EP1013830A1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-06-23 Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices
PCT/FR1999/003200 WO2000039401A1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable
EP99961108A EP1144760B1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02026161A Division EP1284324B1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1144760A1 EP1144760A1 (en) 2001-10-17
EP1144760B1 true EP1144760B1 (en) 2003-03-19

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EP99401563A Withdrawn EP1013830A1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-06-23 Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices
EP99961108A Expired - Lifetime EP1144760B1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable
EP02026161A Expired - Lifetime EP1284324B1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99401563A Withdrawn EP1013830A1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-06-23 Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02026161A Expired - Lifetime EP1284324B1 (en) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices

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US (2) US6523207B1 (en)
EP (3) EP1013830A1 (en)
JP (1) JP3730513B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100519495B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE426064T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1783500A (en)
BR (1) BR9916832A (en)
CA (1) CA2356819C (en)
DE (2) DE69906145T2 (en)
DK (2) DK1144760T3 (en)
ES (2) ES2194539T3 (en)
PT (2) PT1284324E (en)
WO (1) WO2000039401A1 (en)

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PT1144760E (en) 2003-08-29
ATE426064T1 (en) 2009-04-15
PT1284324E (en) 2009-07-14
ATE234968T1 (en) 2003-04-15
DE69906145T2 (en) 2004-02-05
EP1284324A3 (en) 2003-02-26
KR20010086155A (en) 2001-09-08
US6523207B1 (en) 2003-02-25
AU1783500A (en) 2000-07-31
CA2356819C (en) 2006-12-19
ES2324397T3 (en) 2009-08-06
DE69906145D1 (en) 2003-04-24
WO2000039401A1 (en) 2000-07-06
DK1144760T3 (en) 2003-07-21
EP1284324A2 (en) 2003-02-19
JP3730513B2 (en) 2006-01-05
JP2002533595A (en) 2002-10-08
EP1284324B1 (en) 2009-03-18
EP1144760A1 (en) 2001-10-17
US6715176B2 (en) 2004-04-06
CA2356819A1 (en) 2000-07-06
EP1013830A1 (en) 2000-06-28
DE69940615D1 (en) 2009-04-30
ES2194539T3 (en) 2003-11-16
US20030086755A1 (en) 2003-05-08
KR100519495B1 (en) 2005-10-07
DK1284324T3 (en) 2009-07-20
BR9916832A (en) 2001-09-25

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