EP1015688A1 - Improvements in extended nip press belts - Google Patents
Improvements in extended nip press beltsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1015688A1 EP1015688A1 EP98942876A EP98942876A EP1015688A1 EP 1015688 A1 EP1015688 A1 EP 1015688A1 EP 98942876 A EP98942876 A EP 98942876A EP 98942876 A EP98942876 A EP 98942876A EP 1015688 A1 EP1015688 A1 EP 1015688A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strips
- reinforcing
- press belt
- membrane
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/0209—Wet presses with extended press nip
- D21F3/0218—Shoe presses
- D21F3/0227—Belts or sleeves therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/0209—Wet presses with extended press nip
- D21F3/0218—Shoe presses
- D21F3/0227—Belts or sleeves therefor
- D21F3/0236—Belts or sleeves therefor manufacturing methods
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in extended nip press belts.
- Extended nip dewatering presses are used in the press section of the paper making process, following forming of the paper web on a forming wire, to remove excess water from the paper web before the paper web is passed to a drying stage of the paper making process.
- the paper web is in intimate contact with one or two moisture-absorbing felts, moves in pressure contact with a press roll and is urged into such contact by a pressure shoe acting through a belt in contact with the outermost (in relation to the press roll) of the moisture absorbing felts.
- the belt is used to provide a low or zero friction passage of the web and felt(s) through the nip.
- These belts generally comprise structured reinforcing yarns or a membrane which may be perforated, embedded in a matrix of a suitable plastics material and may be provided with ribbing for example on the surface which contacts the press felt to form grooves which carry away water squeezed from the paper web and the press felt in the nip.
- a membrane which is effectively a mesh of machine-direction and cross machine direction strips and incorporating machine direction reinforcement yarns is embedded in a matrix of a thermoset polyurethane material, which extends through the apertures in the membrane and forms layers above and below the membrane.
- a thermoset polyurethane material which extends through the apertures in the membrane and forms layers above and below the membrane.
- two mesh membranes may be overlayed, with the strips of one membrane being set at an angle relative to those of the other so that the grid of one membrane is set on the machine direction and cross machine axes, whilst the grid of the other is set obliquely to the machine direction
- a non-woven fabric which is applicable to a range of uses, including a press felt substrate, wherein the fabric is cast in strips having reinforcing yarns extending longitudinally of the strips, and holes formed in the membrane by means of teeth on the casting surface
- CA-A-2068800 indicates that it is known to form a press belt from overlaid strips which cross each other both being arranged obliquely relative to the machine direction but at opposed angles and discloses a variant wherein strips are overlaid at a small oblique angle to the machine direction of the order of 2°-5°, the strips in the upper layer being offset by half a strip width with respect to the strips of the lower layer
- This belt is considered to lack cross-directional rigidity and the strips are made by a slow and cumbersome weaving technique
- Spiral-link reinforced belts have been proposed, eg incorporating a spiral link substrate of cross-machine direction connecting wires, about which are looped flattened helical coils linking each respective pair of wires and interdigitated with the next adjacent coils embedded in a suitable plastics matrix
- These have proven to be problematical due to poor bonding between the polyurethane matrix and the polyester spiral link fabric.
- the only alternative materials for making spiral link fabrics PEEK and PPS are however too expensive to be considered a viable option for solving this problem of incompatibility
- An object of this invention is to provide a new extended nip press belt which achieves a much greater bonding between the matrix material and the reinforcing structure or membrane
- a press belt comprises a coarse mesh composite membrane comprising reinforcing yarns extending in at least one direction in a plastics
- the membrane being formed as or into strips and the strips being joined along their longitudinal edges, the strips being arranged such that the reinforcing yams extend substantially in the cross machine direction of the belt and embedded in a further matrix also including further reinforcing yarns extending substantially in the machine direction of the belt
- the invention also comprises a method of manufacturing a press belt
- the strips may be formed by melting their longitudinal edges and allowing the edges to fuse together and then cooled to allow the fused regions to set
- the matrix polymer of the strips and/or the completed felt is preferably
- polyurethane and the reinforcing yarns may be multi filament yarns selected from for example polyester, polyamide, PEEK, PPS, PBO, aramid, glass, carbon or steel.
- Fig 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a press belt according to the invention on a line perpendicular to the machine direction,
- Fig.2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the press belt of fig 1 on a line parallel to the machine direction, i e on line 11-11 of fig 1,
- Fig 3 is a perspective view of part of a first form of belt substrate
- Fig 4 is a similar view of a second form of belt substrate
- Fig.5 is a detail of apparatus for use in edge to edge joining of strips of belt substrate according to any of fig.3 or fig 4, and
- Fig 6 is a diagram of a machine for subsequently coating the resulting belt fabric with a further matrix and reinforcing yarns
- figs 1 and 2 are diagrammatic sections, substantially at right angles to each other, through a completed press belt fabric according to the invention
- the press belt comprises a substrate or support layer 10, comprising a plurality of reinforcing yarns 11 extending substantially in the cross machine direction, wherein a matrix 12 of polyurethane, which has an array of apertures 13 which may be formed by casting the layer 10 on a studded or pinned drum, as known for example from GB- A-2202893
- the layer 10 is either divided into a plurality of strips, or cast in the form of strips 14 which as shown in fig 2 are laid side by side, extending across the width of the belt, and their edges are joined by melting together to form fusion joints 15
- the layer 10 is then covered or embedded in a further matrix 16, in which are embedded further reinforcing yarns 17, which run approximately at right angles to the reinforcing yams 11 in the support layer 10, that is extending in the machine direction longitudinally of the finished belt
- the upper surface of the matrix 16 may, in known manner, be provided with grooves 18 to lead expressed water away from the nip
- Fig 3 illustrates one form of substrate 10 useable in the invention substantially according to WO 92/02677, wherein a grid or mesh membrane 20, comprises longitudinal and transverse members with included apertures
- This membrane 20 also has reinforcing yams 21 extending along one set of the longitudinal or transverse members, and the grid is set in a matrix 22 of eg polyurethane which extends substantially above and below the membrane
- Fig 4 illustrates a fragment of another form of membrane 30, with reinforcing yarns 31 embedded in a plastics matrix 32, and having circular holes 33 extending through the membrane 30 from one face to the other
- This membrane is substantially as described in GB-A-2202893, without the fibrous batt layer added in that disclosure
- the membrane eg according to fig 3 or fig 4 is either formed as strips or cut into strips and then laid circumferentially about a form 40 with pins 41 to enter holes such as 31 in the membrane eg as in fig 5 and abutting edge regions are melted and fused with the addition of further polymer to join the edges together thereby fabricating a continuous belt composed of an array of such strips extending widthwise across the belt, joined edge to edge
- a matrix layer over the substrate
- the substrate is passed as a continuous belt over end rollers 60, 61 one of which 60 is adjustable to vary tension
- a plurality of reinforcing yarns 62 are fed in the direction of belt travel from a supply 63 onto the upper surface of the substrate
- Mat ⁇ x material 64 such as polyurethane is fed onto the belt between moulding belts 65 and 66 to embed the yams 62 and encapsulate the substrate and reinforcing yams in a matrix to provide a structure of the type illustrated in figs 1 and 2 above
- the matrix polymers are typically polyurethane and the reinforcing yams may be multifilament yams such as polyester, nylon, PEEK, PPS, PBO, aramid, glass, carbon or steel, although monofilament yarns or even twisted, braided or plied yarns may be used At least some of the yarns may be coated, preferably with an elastomer such as TPU
- Press belts made by the method of the invention have a number of advantages including improved delamination and crack resistance due to improved bonding between the polyurethane matrix and the polyurethane or TPU membrane, in addition to optimised bonding between the matrix and the added running direction reinforcing yams Regular structure is also maintained due to there being no sagging of the cross- direction yams
- the reinforcing structure can be closer to the centre of the belt for better strength properties and for protection against wear from the presser shoe side of the belt
- a monocoque, fully encapsulated reinforcing structure is obtained to protect against wear, eliminate air bubble formation and improve delamination resistance
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Structure Of Belt Conveyors (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Belt Conveyors (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
An extended nip press belt comprises a plurality of strips (14) each formed of a matrix of plastics (12) having perforations (13) to form a mesh or perforated membrane, and having reinforcing yarns (11) extending along the strips. The strips (14) are arranged in edge contact side by side across the width of the belt and their edges fused together along joints (15). The layer formed is embedded in a further matrix (16) containing further reinforcing yarns (17) at right angles to the yarns (11) and thus in the machine direction of the resulting belt.
Description
TMPROVEMENTS IN EXTENDED NIP PRESS BELTS
This invention relates to improvements in extended nip press belts.
Extended nip dewatering presses are used in the press section of the paper making process, following forming of the paper web on a forming wire, to remove excess water from the paper web before the paper web is passed to a drying stage of the paper making process. In an extended nip press of a paper making machine, the paper web is in intimate contact with one or two moisture-absorbing felts, moves in pressure contact with a press roll and is urged into such contact by a pressure shoe acting through a belt in contact with the outermost (in relation to the press roll) of the moisture absorbing felts.
The belt is used to provide a low or zero friction passage of the web and felt(s) through the nip. These belts generally comprise structured reinforcing yarns or a membrane which may be perforated, embedded in a matrix of a suitable plastics material and may be provided with ribbing for example on the surface which contacts the press felt to form grooves which carry away water squeezed from the paper web and the press felt in the nip.
Examples of such belt constructions are given in WO 92/02677 wherein a membrane which is effectively a mesh of machine-direction and cross machine direction strips and incorporating machine direction reinforcement yarns is embedded in a matrix of a thermoset polyurethane material, which extends through the apertures in the membrane and forms layers above and below the membrane. In WO 95/25200, two mesh membranes may be overlayed, with the strips of one membrane being set at an angle relative to those of the other so that the grid of one membrane is set on the machine direction and cross machine axes, whilst the grid of the other is set obliquely
to the machine direction
In GB-A-2202873 a non-woven fabric is disclosed which is applicable to a range of uses, including a press felt substrate, wherein the fabric is cast in strips having reinforcing yarns extending longitudinally of the strips, and holes formed in the membrane by means of teeth on the casting surface CA-A-2068800 indicates that it is known to form a press belt from overlaid strips which cross each other both being arranged obliquely relative to the machine direction but at opposed angles and discloses a variant wherein strips are overlaid at a small oblique angle to the machine direction of the order of 2°-5°, the strips in the upper layer being offset by half a strip width with respect to the strips of the lower layer This belt is considered to lack cross-directional rigidity and the strips are made by a slow and cumbersome weaving technique
It is also known from US 5134010 (Voith) to form a press belt using both machine direction and cross-machine direction yarns in a synthetic material matrix such as polyurethane
Spiral-link reinforced belts have been proposed, eg incorporating a spiral link substrate of cross-machine direction connecting wires, about which are looped flattened helical coils linking each respective pair of wires and interdigitated with the next adjacent coils embedded in a suitable plastics matrix These have proven to be problematical due to poor bonding between the polyurethane matrix and the polyester spiral link fabric. The only alternative materials for making spiral link fabrics PEEK and PPS are however too expensive to be considered a viable option for solving this problem of incompatibility
An object of this invention is to provide a new extended nip press belt which
achieves a much greater bonding between the matrix material and the reinforcing structure or membrane
According to the invention a press belt comprises a coarse mesh composite membrane comprising reinforcing yarns extending in at least one direction in a plastics
matrix, the membrane being formed as or into strips and the strips being joined along their longitudinal edges, the strips being arranged such that the reinforcing yams extend substantially in the cross machine direction of the belt and embedded in a further matrix also including further reinforcing yarns extending substantially in the machine direction of the belt
The invention also comprises a method of manufacturing a press belt,
comprising forming a coarse mesh composite membrane incorporating reinforcing yarns extending in at least one direction in a plastics matrix, forming the membrane
into or as strips with the reinforcing yarns extending longitudinally of the strips, joining the strips along their longitudinal edges, the strips being arranged such that the reinforcing yams extend substantially in the cross-machine direction of the belt and feeding matrix polymer to cast the strips with further reinforcing yarns extending in
substantially the machine direction of the belt
The strips may be formed by melting their longitudinal edges and allowing the edges to fuse together and then cooled to allow the fused regions to set
The matrix polymer of the strips and/or the completed felt is preferably
polyurethane and the reinforcing yarns may be multi filament yarns selected from for example polyester, polyamide, PEEK, PPS, PBO, aramid, glass, carbon or steel.
However, monofilament, or twisted, braided or plied yams may be used Some or all
of the yams may be coated, for example with an elastomer such as TPU
A preferred embodiment of a press belt according to the invention and method for its manufacture will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein -
Fig 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a press belt according to the invention on a line perpendicular to the machine direction,
Fig.2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the press belt of fig 1 on a line parallel to the machine direction, i e on line 11-11 of fig 1,
Fig 3 is a perspective view of part of a first form of belt substrate, Fig 4 is a similar view of a second form of belt substrate, Fig.5 is a detail of apparatus for use in edge to edge joining of strips of belt substrate according to any of fig.3 or fig 4, and
Fig 6 is a diagram of a machine for subsequently coating the resulting belt fabric with a further matrix and reinforcing yarns
In the drawings, figs 1 and 2 are diagrammatic sections, substantially at right angles to each other, through a completed press belt fabric according to the invention The press belt comprises a substrate or support layer 10, comprising a plurality of reinforcing yarns 11 extending substantially in the cross machine direction, wherein a matrix 12 of polyurethane, which has an array of apertures 13 which may be formed by casting the layer 10 on a studded or pinned drum, as known for example from GB- A-2202893 The layer 10 is either divided into a plurality of strips, or cast in the form of strips 14 which as shown in fig 2 are laid side by side, extending across the width of the belt, and their edges are joined by melting together to form fusion joints 15
The layer 10 is then covered or embedded in a further matrix 16, in which are embedded further reinforcing yarns 17, which run approximately at right angles to the
reinforcing yams 11 in the support layer 10, that is extending in the machine direction longitudinally of the finished belt The upper surface of the matrix 16 may, in known manner, be provided with grooves 18 to lead expressed water away from the nip
Fig 3 illustrates one form of substrate 10 useable in the invention substantially according to WO 92/02677, wherein a grid or mesh membrane 20, comprises longitudinal and transverse members with included apertures This membrane 20 also has reinforcing yams 21 extending along one set of the longitudinal or transverse members, and the grid is set in a matrix 22 of eg polyurethane which extends substantially above and below the membrane
Fig 4 illustrates a fragment of another form of membrane 30, with reinforcing yarns 31 embedded in a plastics matrix 32, and having circular holes 33 extending through the membrane 30 from one face to the other This membrane is substantially as described in GB-A-2202893, without the fibrous batt layer added in that disclosure
The membrane, eg according to fig 3 or fig 4 is either formed as strips or cut into strips and then laid circumferentially about a form 40 with pins 41 to enter holes such as 31 in the membrane eg as in fig 5 and abutting edge regions are melted and fused with the addition of further polymer to join the edges together thereby fabricating a continuous belt composed of an array of such strips extending widthwise across the belt, joined edge to edge
After formation of the belt substrate it is placed on a further machine as in fig 6 to cast a matrix layer over the substrate The substrate is passed as a continuous belt over end rollers 60, 61 one of which 60 is adjustable to vary tension On the upper pass of the belt, a plurality of reinforcing yarns 62 are fed in the direction of belt travel from a supply 63 onto the upper surface of the substrate Matπx material 64 such as
polyurethane is fed onto the belt between moulding belts 65 and 66 to embed the yams 62 and encapsulate the substrate and reinforcing yams in a matrix to provide a structure of the type illustrated in figs 1 and 2 above
The matrix polymers are typically polyurethane and the reinforcing yams may be multifilament yams such as polyester, nylon, PEEK, PPS, PBO, aramid, glass, carbon or steel, although monofilament yarns or even twisted, braided or plied yarns may be used At least some of the yarns may be coated, preferably with an elastomer such as TPU
Press belts made by the method of the invention have a number of advantages including improved delamination and crack resistance due to improved bonding between the polyurethane matrix and the polyurethane or TPU membrane, in addition to optimised bonding between the matrix and the added running direction reinforcing yams Regular structure is also maintained due to there being no sagging of the cross- direction yams
The reinforcing structure can be closer to the centre of the belt for better strength properties and for protection against wear from the presser shoe side of the belt A monocoque, fully encapsulated reinforcing structure is obtained to protect against wear, eliminate air bubble formation and improve delamination resistance
There are no woven components present in the belt structure, and the large open area of the coarse mesh membrane allows monocoque casting of the matrix polymer The added running direction reinforcing yams lie on the opposite side of the base to the press shoe, so that belts do not have to be turned inside out after manufacture Belts with reinforcing yarns on the shoe side have been shown to be much more prone to losing these yarns, which tend to work their way through the
enveloping matrix at the back of the belt.
Finally the belt construction described obtains a good cross-directional rigidity and running direction strength.
Claims
1. A press belt comprising at least one coarse mesh composite membrane comprising first reinforcing yarns extending in at least one direction in a plastics matrix, the membrane being formed as or into strips and the strips being joined along their longitudinal edges, the strips being arranged such that said first reinforcing yams extend substantially in the cross machine direction of the belt and embedded in a further matrix also including at least one layer of further reinforcing yarns extending substantially in the machine direction of the belt
2 A press belt according to claim 1 , wherein the first plastics matrix and/or the further matrix are of thermosetting and/or thermoplastic materials
3. A press belt according to claim 2, wherein said material is a polyurethane
4. A press belt according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said first reinforcing yams and/or said further reinforcing yarns are multifilament yarns made from a material selected from polyester, polyamide, PEEK, PPS, PBO, aramid, glass, carbon or steel
5 A press belt according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said first, and/or said further, reinforcing yarns comprise monofilament, twisted, braided or plied yams
6 A press belt according to claim 4 or 5 wherein at least some of said reinforcing yams are coated with an elastomer
7 A press belt according to any preceding claim wherein the membrane is perforated
8 A press belt according to any preceding claim wherein said further matrix is provided on both sides of the membrane and extending through the membrane apertures to provide a monocoque structure
9 A press belt according to any preceding claim wherein the paper side of the matπx is provided with grooves
10 A press belt according to claim 1, wherein the membrane and said further reinforcing yarns are oriented at an oblique angle of 1-5┬░ to each other
11 A press belt according to claim 9 wherein said grooves extend in the machine direction of the belt
12 A method of manufactuπng a press belt, comprising forming at least one coarse mesh composite membrane incorporating reinforcing yarns extending in at least one direction in a plastics matrix, forming the membrane into or as strips with the reinforcing yams extending longitudinally of the stπps, joining the stπps along their longitudinal edges, the strips being arranged such that the reinforcing yarns extend substantially in the cross-machine direction of the belt and feeding matπx polymer to cast the stπps with at least one layer of further reinforcing yams extending in substantially the machine direction of the belt
13 A method according to claim 12, wherein the matπx polymer and said further reinforcement yarns are cast simultaneously onto the joined strips
14 A method according to claim 12, wherein the matrix polymer and said further reinforcement yams are cast one after the other onto the joined stπps
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9719748 | 1997-09-18 | ||
| GBGB9719748.7A GB9719748D0 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | Improvements in extended nip press belts |
| PCT/GB1998/002735 WO1999014426A1 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1998-09-10 | Improvements in extended nip press belts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1015688A1 true EP1015688A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
| EP1015688B1 EP1015688B1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
Family
ID=10819197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98942876A Expired - Lifetime EP1015688B1 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1998-09-10 | Improvements in extended nip press belts |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1015688B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001516820A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE217924T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2304072A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69805532T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2178251T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9719748D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999014426A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3408416B2 (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2003-05-19 | 市川毛織株式会社 | Shoe press belt and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP3698984B2 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2005-09-21 | ヤマウチ株式会社 | Shoe press belt |
| GB0204310D0 (en) * | 2002-02-23 | 2002-04-10 | Voith Fabrics Heidenheim Gmbh | Edge balanced belt |
| US7014733B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2006-03-21 | Stowe Woodward L.L.C. | Belt for shoe press and shoe calender and method for forming same |
| DE102005045429A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Paper machine clothing |
| FI118227B (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-08-31 | Tamfelt Oyj Abp | Press belts |
| JP6716550B2 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2020-07-01 | ボルボトラックコーポレーション | Braking device and mounting member |
| DE102019126077A1 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-01 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Press cover, its use as well as press roll and shoe press |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9016619D0 (en) * | 1990-07-28 | 1990-09-12 | Scapa Group Plc | Endless belts for extended nip dewatering presses |
| DE4340344A1 (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1994-04-07 | Voith Gmbh J M | Paper-making press mantle belt - has additional outer layer of embedded peripheral filaments for increased life and strength |
| GB2287484A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-09-20 | Scapa Group Plc | Belt for long nip dewatering presses |
-
1997
- 1997-09-18 GB GBGB9719748.7A patent/GB9719748D0/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-09-10 DE DE69805532T patent/DE69805532T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-10 AT AT98942876T patent/ATE217924T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-10 JP JP2000511954A patent/JP2001516820A/en active Pending
- 1998-09-10 CA CA002304072A patent/CA2304072A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-10 ES ES98942876T patent/ES2178251T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-10 EP EP98942876A patent/EP1015688B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-10 WO PCT/GB1998/002735 patent/WO1999014426A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9914426A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69805532T2 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| CA2304072A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
| ES2178251T3 (en) | 2002-12-16 |
| EP1015688B1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
| ATE217924T1 (en) | 2002-06-15 |
| DE69805532D1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
| WO1999014426A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
| JP2001516820A (en) | 2001-10-02 |
| GB9719748D0 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
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