EP1095130B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper Download PDFInfo
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- EP1095130B1 EP1095130B1 EP99934578A EP99934578A EP1095130B1 EP 1095130 B1 EP1095130 B1 EP 1095130B1 EP 99934578 A EP99934578 A EP 99934578A EP 99934578 A EP99934578 A EP 99934578A EP 1095130 B1 EP1095130 B1 EP 1095130B1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0078—Multilayered tablets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
- C11D3/3955—Organic bleaching agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
- C11D3/3917—Nitrogen-containing compounds
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of manufacturing washing and cleaning active Moldings. It relates in particular to processes for the production of multiphase Detergent tablets, in which the division into several phases Benefits in washing and cleaning activity can be achieved.
- washing and Detergent tablets include detergent tablets for washing, for example of textiles, detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing or cleaning hard surfaces, bleach tablets for use in washing or Dishwashers, water softening tablets or stain remover tablets.
- Detergent tablets of the named product classes are in the prior art Technology broadly described and delight consumers because of the simple dosage increasing popularity.
- Tableted detergents and cleaning agents have opposite Powdery or liquid products have a number of advantages: They are easier to use dosing and handling and have advantages due to their compact structure Storage and transportation.
- the developers of tablet-shaped products were recognized early on Idea came about certain areas of the molded body with different compositions Ingredients only under defined conditions in the washing or cleaning cycle release, in order to improve the cleaning success.
- the well-known core / shell tablets and ring / core tablets in pharmacy in particular multilayered molded articles, which are used today for many areas of the Washing and cleaning or hygiene are offered.
- Multi-phase cleaning tablets for the toilet are described for example in EP 055 100 (Jeyes Group).
- This document discloses blocks of toilet detergent comprising a molded body of a slowly soluble detergent composition in which a bleach tablet is embedded.
- this document discloses the most varied forms of configuration of multiphase shaped bodies.
- the moldings are produced either by inserting a compressed bleach tablet into a mold and pouring this tablet with the detergent composition, or by pouring part of the detergent composition into the mold, followed by inserting the pressed bleach tablet and possibly subsequently pouring over it with another detergent composition.
- the pouring of prefabricated troughs is neither described nor suggested in this document.
- EP 481 547 also describes multiphase detergent tablets which are to be used for automatic dishwashing.
- These shaped bodies are in the form of core / shell tablets and are produced by gradually compressing the constituents: first, a bleaching agent composition is pressed into a shaped body, which is placed in a matrix half-filled with a polymer composition, which is then filled with another polymer composition and into one provided with a polymer jacket bleach molding is pressed. The process is then repeated with an alkaline detergent composition, so that a three-phase shaped body results.
- controlled release of ingredients, like to translate as “controlled release” was, is and is also in the field of detergents and cleaning agents intensively edited, so that also a large number of publications exist. Beat in the field of washing and cleaning active moldings most of the writings are accelerated by disintegration aids or shower systems Release of certain shaped body areas before, while the slower release individual components, e.g. through coating, wrapping or deliberate delays occupies a rather subordinate position.
- the present invention was based on the object of a production process for multiphase To provide detergent tablets, which allow tablets to generate a targeted release of certain ingredients to be predetermined Allow times in the washing and cleaning cycle.
- the inventive method detergent tablets can be produced, the are characterized by excellent storage and transport stability and the opposite performance superior to conventional products in a wide range of applications be able to show. Another requirement for the method to be provided therefore lay in the fact that it was with respect to the detergent tablets to be produced maximum freedom of formulation for a wide range of applications allows.
- the particulate premix to be compressed can be used depending on the intended use the detergent tablets produced by the process according to the invention that are usually contained in washing and cleaning agents Contain ingredients in varying amounts.
- substances from the group of Surfactants, builders and complexing agents, bleaching agents, bleach activators, the enzymes, the polymers as well as the colors and fragrances can be pre-mixed be included.
- certain substances from the groups mentioned can be targeted omitted from the premix and as an active substance in the melt suspension or emulsion of process step b) are incorporated.
- wrapping material and active substance can be produced in this way, shaped articles that contain certain active substances Release from the molded article early or with a time delay.
- Preferred ingredients of the particulate premix are substances from the group of Builder.
- such builders are the most important ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents.
- Detergent tablets can all usually be in washing and Builders used for cleaning agents, in particular zeolites, Silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where no ecological prejudices against their use persists - including the phosphates.
- the builders mentioned can also be used in surfactant-free moldings are used, so that it is possible according to the invention To produce moldings that can be used for water softening.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .H 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4.
- M sodium or hydrogen
- x is a number from 1.9 to 4
- y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514 .
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O are preferred, wherein ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171 .
- the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying.
- the term “amorphous” also means “X-ray amorphous”.
- silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
- Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024 .
- Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite which can be used is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
- zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X)
- VEGOBOND AX® sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX® and by the formula nNa 2 O ⁇ (1-n) K 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ (2 - 2.5) SiO 2 ⁇ (3.5 - 5.5) H 2 O
- the zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular compound and can also be used for a kind of "powdering" of the entire mixture to be compressed, usually using both ways of incorporating the zeolite into the premix.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- phosphates are also used as builder substances possible, provided that such use is not avoided for ecological reasons should be.
- the sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, are particularly suitable and especially the tripolyphosphates.
- Useful organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if provided such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, as well as mixtures from these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, Adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of this.
- Alkali carriers can be present as further constituents.
- Alkali metal hydroxides are considered to be alkali carriers, Alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, Alkali silicates, alkali metasilicates, and mixtures of the aforementioned Substances, for the purposes of this invention preferably the alkali carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate can be used.
- Water soluble builders are preferred because they are made on dishes and hard surfaces tend to be less likely to leave insoluble residues form.
- Usual builders that are used in the context of the inventive production of mechanical Dishwashing detergents between 10 and 90 wt .-% based on the to be pressed
- the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their can be present as a premix Salts, the homopolymeric and copolymeric polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the carbonates, Phosphates and silicates.
- Manufactured detergent tablets contain the pressed in step a) particulate premix builder usually in amounts of 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 25 to 75% by weight and in particular from 30 to 70% by weight, in each case based on the premix.
- the premix can also include those already mentioned contain detergent substances, especially for detergent tablets are important ingredients.
- shaped articles for washing textiles can usually be of the most varied types Surfactants from the groups of anionic, nonionic, cationic and contain amphoteric surfactants, while moldings for automatic dishwashing preferably contain only low-foaming nonionic surfactants and water softening tablets or bleach tablets are free of tensides.
- the specialist are in the incorporation of the surfactants into the premix to be pressed in terms of There are no limits to the freedom of formulation.
- Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13- alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C 12-18 monoolefins with an end or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent receives alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products.
- alkanesulfonates obtained from C 12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- the esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- fatty acid glycerin esters the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures are to be understood as they are the production by esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or obtained in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol.
- preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, Myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates as well as C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology.
- 2,3-Alkyl sulfates which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.
- the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C 7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12-18 - Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- sulfosuccinates the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
- saturated fatty acid soaps such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or Ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Tri-ethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.
- the production of detergent tablets is preferred the 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 40% by weight and in particular 10 to 20 % By weight of anionic surfactant (s), based in each case on the molding weight.
- the preferred anionic surfactants are Alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, preferred detergent tablets 2 up to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight Fatty alcohol sulfate (s), each based on the weight of the molded body
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12- 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C 12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C12-18 alcohol containing 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as they are are described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably produced by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533 .
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.
- the detergent tablets according to the invention can preferably alkyl polyglycosides included, with APG contents of the molded articles being above 0.2% by weight on the entire molded body, are preferred.
- Particularly preferred washing and Detergent tablets contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.5 to 3 wt .-%.
- nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I), in which RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II) in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C 1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propylated Derivatives of this remainder.
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/ 07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- all surfactants can also be used as surfactants in the production of moldings for machine dishwashing.
- the nonionic surfactants described above, and above all the low-foaming nonionic surfactants are preferred for this purpose.
- the alkoxylated alcohols are particularly preferred, especially the ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols.
- alkoxylated alcohols the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols, preferably in the sense of the present invention the longer-chain alcohols (C 10 to C 18 , preferably between C 12 and C 16 , such as C 11 -, C 12 -, C 13 -, C 14 -, C 15 -, C 16 -, C 17 - and C 18 -alcohols).
- C 10 to C 18 preferably between C 12 and C 16 , such as C 11 -, C 12 -, C 13 -, C 14 -, C 15 -, C 16 -, C 17 - and C 18 -alcohols.
- a complex mixture of addition products of different degrees of ethoxylation is formed from n moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of alcohol, depending on the reaction conditions.
- a further embodiment consists in the use of mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- final etherification with short-chain alkyl groups such as preferably the butyl group, can also give the class of "closed" alcohol ethoxylates, which can also be used for the purposes of the invention.
- very particularly preferred are highly ethoxylated fatty alcohols or their mixtures with end-capped fatty alcohol ethoxylates.
- s pressed particulate premix surfactant
- s nonionic Surfactant
- ingredients from the group of builders and Surfactants can be the premix to be pressed, other common ingredients of washing and Cleaning agents, in particular from the groups of disintegration aids, Bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, Dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, Graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, etc. included.
- These substances like the aforementioned builders and surfactants, also have Process step b) can be processed are described below.
- disintegration aids so-called tablet disintegrants
- tablet disintegrants or disintegration accelerators are understood as auxiliary substances which are necessary for rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the pharmaceuticals in resorbable form.
- Swelling enlarge their volume when water enters, whereby on the one hand the volume increases (Swelling), on the other hand, a pressure can be generated via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles.
- disintegration tools are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, with other organic ones Acids can be used.
- Swelling disintegration aids are, for example synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified Natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
- Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disintegration aids, each based on the weight of the molded article.
- Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred detergent tablets have such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and, formally speaking, is a ⁇ -1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound by an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the cellulose derivative content of these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free of cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as the
- the cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before being added to the premixes to be pressed.
- Detergent tablets which contain disintegrants in granular or, if appropriate, cogranulated form are described in German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Stefan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and in international patent application WO98 / 40463 (Henkel). These documents can also be found in more detail on the production of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants.
- the particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 ⁇ m, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned coarser disintegration aids based on cellulose and described in more detail in the cited documents are preferably to be used as disintegration aids in the context of the present invention and are commercially available, for example, under the name Arbocel® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier.
- microcrystalline cellulose As another disintegrant based on cellulose or as a component of this component microcrystalline cellulose can be used.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions that only attack the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses and dissolve completely, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged.
- a subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses resulting from the hydrolysis delivers the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approx. 5 ⁇ m and compactible, for example, into granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m are.
- bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced.
- bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
- Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimoxyhexanoic acid ( ⁇ -phthalimoxyhexanoic acid) ( ⁇ -phthalimoxyhexanoic acid) ( ⁇ -phthalimidoxythanoic acid) )], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipinic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid,
- Chlorine or chlorine can also be used as a bleaching agent in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used.
- appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered.
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
- bleach activators can be added to the premix to be pressed be incorporated.
- bleach activators can be compounds that are under perhydrolysis conditions aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid result, are used.
- Substances containing O- and / or N-acyl groups are suitable the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups wear.
- Multi-acylated alkylenediamines are preferred (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated Phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyvalent Alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.
- TAED acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2
- bleaching catalysts can be incorporated into the moldings.
- these fabrics are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing ones Tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes are used as bleaching catalysts usable.
- Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question.
- Bacterial strains or are particularly well suited Mushrooms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus enzymatic agents.
- Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus are used.
- Enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and Lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but in particular mixtures containing cellulase of special interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also become proved to be suitable in some cases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to prevent them from premature decomposition protect.
- the proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the Shaped bodies according to the invention can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
- premix to be pressed can be used for the production of detergent tablets also contain components that make oil and fat washable from textiles influence positively (so-called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident if a textile is soiled, which has previously been repeatedly with an inventive Detergent containing this oil and fat-dissolving component has been washed.
- the preferred oil- and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic Cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion on methoxyl groups from 15 to 30% by weight and on hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic cellulose ether, and that from the Polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid known from the prior art or of their derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Of these, particularly preferred are the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and of terephthalic acid polymers.
- the premix to be pressed can be produced when manufacturing textile detergent tablets wants, as optical brighteners derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or their Contain alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similar connections, which instead of the morpholino group is a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, carry an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- Farther brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g.
- Dyes and fragrances can be added to the premix in the process according to the invention to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and the In addition to the softness performance, consumers have a visually and sensorially "typical and unmistakable" To provide product.
- fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms citral, citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, Cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone, ⁇ -Isomethylionon and Methylcedrylketon, to the Alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol,
- the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as limonene and Pinene. However, mixtures of different odoriferous substances are preferably used create an appealing fragrance together.
- perfume oils can also be natural Fragrance mixtures contain, as are available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
- Muscatel sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, Juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well Orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the premix, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances on carriers that affect the adhesion of the perfume reinforce the laundry and through a slower fragrance release for long-lasting Ensure the fragrance of the textiles.
- Cyclodextrins for example, have become such carrier materials proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally with others Auxiliaries can be coated.
- the premix (or parts thereof) can be colored with suitable dyes.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients the means and against light and no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers or dishes so as not to stain them.
- Shaped body for the automatic cleaning of dishes according to the invention Process are prepared, so the premix to be compressed can be used for protection of the wash ware or the machine contain corrosion inhibitors, especially silver protection agents have a special meaning in the field of automatic dishwashing.
- the known substances of the prior art can be used.
- silver preservatives selected from the group of triazoles, benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes are used.
- Benzotriazole are particularly preferred and / or alkylaminotriazole.
- cleaner formulations agents containing active chlorine which significantly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface can.
- Chlorine-free cleaners contain oxygen and nitrogen in particular organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, Pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or Derivatives of these classes of compounds. Also salt and complex inorganic compounds, such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used.
- organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, Pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or Derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- salt and complex inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used.
- transition metal salts which are selected from the group of Manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the Cobalt (ammin) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate. You can also Zinc compounds are used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.
- the premix can consist of a wide variety of substances be composed. Regardless of the composition of the process step a) Premixes to be pressed can thus be selected physical parameters of the premixes become that advantageous molded body properties result.
- the particle size in the premixes to be compressed can also be more advantageous for obtaining Shaped body properties can be set.
- this in step a) compressed particulate premix a particle size distribution at less than 10%, preferably less than 7.5% and especially less than 5% by weight of the particles are larger than 1600 ⁇ m or smaller than 200 ⁇ m. in this connection narrower particle size distributions are more preferred.
- Particularly advantageous process variants are characterized in that the particulate pressed in step a) Premix has a particle size distribution in which more than 30% by weight, preferably more than 40% by weight and in particular more than 50% by weight of the particles have a particle size between 600 and 1000 microns.
- the process according to the invention is not limited to the fact that only a particulate premix to a well shaped body is pressed. Rather, method step a) can also be expanded to that one produces multilayered shaped bodies in a manner known per se by prepares two or more premixes which are pressed together.
- the pre-mixed first pre-compressed slightly to a smooth and parallel to the Get molded bottom trending top, and after filling the second Premixed to the finished molded article.
- a further pre-compression takes place before after Addition of the last premix of the molded body is finally pressed.
- step a) processes are preferred in which, in step a), two-layer molded articles, which have a trough are produced by two different particulate Premixes are pressed together, one of which is one or more Bleach and the other contains one or more enzymes.
- this separation of bleach and enzymes can bring benefits, including the separation of bleach and optional bleach activators can be advantageous so that the invention
- Process variants are preferred in which two-layered in step a) Shaped bodies, which have a trough, are produced by two different Particulate premixes are pressed together, one of which is one or more Bleach and the other contains one or more bleach activators.
- the premix is used to produce the shaped bodies with a trough in process step a) in a so-called matrix between two stamps to form a solid compressed product compacted.
- This process which is briefly referred to below as tabletting, is divided into four sections: dosing, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.
- the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and the shape of the molding being formed being determined by the position of the lower punch and the shape of the pressing tool.
- the constant metering, even at high molding throughputs, is preferably achieved by volumetric metering of the premix.
- the upper punch touches the premix and lowers further towards the lower punch.
- the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreasing. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix), the plastic deformation begins, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed.
- the premix particles are also crushed and sintering of the premix occurs at even higher pressures.
- the phase of elastic deformation is shortened further and further, so that the resulting shaped bodies can have more or less large cavities.
- the finished molded body is pressed out of the die by the lower punch and transported away by subsequent transport devices.
- the weight of the molded body is finally determined, since the compacts can still change their shape and size due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.). Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which can in principle be equipped with single or double punches.
- eccentric tablet presses are preferably used, in which the punch or stamps are attached to an eccentric disc, which in turn is mounted on an axis with a certain rotational speed.
- the movement of these rams is comparable to that of a conventional four-stroke engine.
- the pressing can take place with one upper and one lower punch, but several punches can also be attached to one eccentric disc, the number of die holes being correspondingly increased.
- the throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.
- Matrix table For larger throughputs, rotary tablet presses are selected, on which a so-called Matrix table a larger number of matrices is arranged in a circle.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, with larger matrices also are commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is an upper and lower stamp assigned, with the pressure again being active only through the upper or lower stamp, but can also be built using both stamps.
- the matrix table and the Stamps move around a common vertical axis, the stamp with the help of rail-like cam tracks during the circulation in the positions for filling, Compression, plastic deformation and discharge are brought.
- Rotary presses can also be equipped with two filling shoes to increase the throughput be, whereby only a semicircle is run through to produce a tablet got to.
- Several filling shoes are used to produce two- and multi-layer molded articles arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer in front of the further filling is ejected.
- By appropriate process control are in this way also coated and dot tablets can be produced, which have an onion-shell-like structure, where in the case of the point tablets the top of the core or core layers is not covered and therefore remains visible.
- Rotary tablet presses are also included Single or multiple tools can be equipped so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing.
- the throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over a million tablets per hour.
- Suitable tableting machines are available, for example, from the Apparatebau company Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU). is particularly suitable for example the hydraulic double pressure press HPF 630 from LAEIS, D.
- the moldings can be made in a predetermined spatial shape and size become. Practically all useful configurations come as a spatial form into consideration, for example the formation as a board, the shape of bars or bars, Cubes, cuboids and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross section. This last embodiment covers the form of presentation from the tablet to to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.
- the spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is in its dimensions the induction chamber of standard household washing machines or the dosing chamber commercial dishwashers adapted so that the moldings without metering aid can be dosed directly into the induction bowl, where they are during the Dissolve the flushing process or from where it is released during the cleaning process become. It goes without saying that the detergent tablets are also used easily possible via dosing aids.
- the shaped bodies, which are produced in step a) have a trough which in step c) with the in Step b) prepared melt suspension or emulsion is filled.
- This hollow can have a wide variety of geometric configurations, the geometry the trough is independent of the geometry of the molded body.
- Round shaped bodies with round, elliptical, three, four, five or polygonal Troughs conceivable.
- the trough shapes mentioned can also be rectangular or square Shaped bodies are realized, the corners of the shaped bodies being rounded could be.
- the side walls of the trough can also run differently - all transitional forms from the vertical side wall to flat lines or curved trough walls are conceivable here.
- Particularly suitable trough geometries are described in the earlier German patent application 198 22 973.9 (Henkel).
- the geometric factors disclosed in this document preferably also apply to the trough moldings produced in step a) of the method according to the invention.
- ⁇ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa
- P is the force in N which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, which is the Breakage of the molded body causes
- D is the molded body diameter in meters
- t is the Height of the molded body.
- a melt suspension or emulsion is made from a coating substance, which has a melting point above 30 ° C and one or more in it dispersed or suspended active ingredient (s).
- active substance (s) in principle, all ingredients normally used in washing and cleaning agents, especially those already mentioned above as optional ingredients of the material to be pressed Premixed ingredients and described in detail. Particularly preferred Active substances are described again separately below.
- the wrapping contains the active substances contained therein during transport or Storage should protect against environmental influences, it must have a high stability against, for example, shock loads occurring during packaging or transport exhibit.
- the covering should therefore either be at least partially elastic or at least have plastic properties to cope with an occurring shock load to react elastic or plastic deformation and not to break.
- the wrapping should have a melting range (solidification range) in such a temperature range have, in which the active substances to be coated do not have too high a thermal load get abandoned. On the other hand, however, the melting range must be sufficiently high in order to still effective protection for the at least slightly elevated temperature to offer included active substances.
- the coating substances have one Melting point above 30 ° C.
- the coating substance does not have a sharply defined one Melting point shows how it usually occurs with pure, crystalline substances, but may have a melting range spanning several degrees Celsius.
- the coating substance preferably has a melting range which is between approximately 45 ° C. and is about 75 ° C. In the present case, this means that the melting range within the specified temperature interval occurs and does not denote the width of the Melting range.
- the width of the melting range is preferably at least 1 ° C., preferably about 2 to about 3 ° C.
- waxes are understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances, which usually melt above 40 ° C without decomposition and a little above the Melting point are relatively low viscosity and not stringy. You assign one strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
- the waxes are divided into three groups, the natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes.
- Natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, Carnauba wax, Japanese wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, Rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walrus, lanolin (wool wax), or pretzel fat, Mineral waxes such as ceresin or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as Petrolatum, paraffin waxes or micro waxes.
- vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, Carnauba wax, Japanese wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, Rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax
- animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walrus, lanolin (wool wax), or pretzel fat
- Mineral waxes
- the chemically modified waxes include hard waxes such as Montanester waxes, Sassol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
- Synthetic waxes generally include polyalkylene waxes or Understand polyalkylene glycol waxes. Connections can also be used as covering materials from other classes of substances which meet the requirements mentioned with regard to the Meet softening point.
- Suitable synthetic compounds have been found for example higher esters of phthalic acid, especially dicyclohexyl phthalate, the is commercially available under the name Unimoll® 66 (Bayer AG).
- Suitable are also synthetic waxes made from low carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols, for example Dimyristyl Tartrate, which is sold under the name Cosmacol® ETLP (Condea) is available.
- synthetic or semi-synthetic esters from lower are also Alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can be used.
- Tegin® 90 Goldschmidt
- Shellac for example shellac-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH) is according to the invention can be used as wrapping material.
- Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols usually with about 22 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the Wax alcohols for example, come in the form of wax esters of higher molecular weight Fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes.
- examples for Wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or Melissyl.
- the coating of the solid particles coated according to the invention can optionally also contain wool wax alcohols, including triterpenoid and Steroidal alcohols, for example lanolin, means that for example under the Trade name Argowax® (Pamentier & Co) is available. Also at least proportionately can be used as part of the envelope within the scope of the present invention Fatty acid glycerol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides, but optionally also water-insoluble ones or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds.
- the coating substance used in process step b) according to the invention preferably contains predominantly paraffin wax.
- the casing is made made exclusively from paraffin wax.
- Paraffin waxes have a frame compared to the other natural waxes mentioned
- the present invention has the advantage that in an alkaline Detergent environment no hydrolysis of the waxes takes place (as for example is to be expected with the waxes), since paraffin wax has no hydrolyzable groups contains.
- Paraffin waxes consist mainly of alkanes, as well as low levels of iso- and Cycloalkanes.
- the paraffin to be used according to the invention preferably has essentially no constituents with a melting point of more than 70 ° C., particularly preferably of more than 60 ° C. Shares of high-melting alkanes in the paraffin can Undershoot of this melting temperature in the detergent fleet is not desirable Wax residues on the surfaces to be cleaned or the goods to be cleaned leave. Such wax residues usually lead to an unsightly appearance cleaned surface and should therefore be avoided.
- the coating substance used in step b) according to the invention preferably contains at least a paraffin wax with a melting point of about 50 ° C to about 55 ° C.
- the content of the paraffin wax used is preferably at ambient temperature (usually about 10 to about 30 ° C) solid alkanes, isoalkanes and cycloalkanes as high as possible.
- ambient temperature usually about 10 to about 30 ° C
- solid alkanes, isoalkanes and cycloalkanes as high as possible.
- With The increasing proportion of solid wax components increases the resilience of the coating against bumps or friction on other surfaces, resulting in a longer leads to lasting protection of the coated active substances.
- High levels of oils or liquids Wax components can weaken the coating, causing pores be opened and the coated active substances mentioned at the beginning Be exposed to environmental influences.
- the coating can also have one or more of the above mentioned waxes or wax-like substances.
- that should be the Envelope-forming mixture should be such that the envelope is at least largely is insoluble in water.
- the solubility in water should be at a temperature of around 30 ° C do not exceed about 10 mg / l and are preferably below 5 mg / l.
- the coating should have the lowest possible water solubility, also in Water with elevated temperature, have a temperature-independent release of the to avoid coated active substances as much as possible.
- the principle described above serves to delay the release of ingredients (the active substances in the melt suspension or emulsion) to a certain Time in the cleaning cycle and can be used particularly advantageously if in the Main rinse with a lower temperature (for example 55 ° C) is rinsed so that the Active substance from the melt embedding only in the rinse cycle at higher temperatures (approx. 70 ° C) is released.
- the principle mentioned can also be reversed in that the Active substances from the coating are not delayed, but are released faster.
- This can be achieved in a simple manner in the method according to the invention in that not dissolving retarders but dissolving accelerators are used as coating substances, so that the melt suspension or emulsion solidified in the shaped body does not slow down loosens than the pressed molded body, but faster.
- dissolution accelerators readily water soluble.
- the water solubility of the dissolving accelerator can be determined by certain Additives can be increased significantly, for example by incorporating light soluble salts or effervescent systems. Such solvent-accelerated coating substances (with or without the addition of other solubility improvers) lead to rapid release the enclosed active substances at the beginning of the cleaning cycle.
- the above are particularly suitable mentioned synthetic waxes from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols.
- Polyethylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of ethylene glycol which have the general formula III H- (O-CH 2 -CH 2 ) n -OH are sufficient, where n can have values between 1 (ethylene glycol) and over 100,000.
- the polyethylene glycols with higher molecular weights are polymolecular, i.e.
- polyethylene glycols There are various nomenclatures for polyethylene glycols that can lead to confusion.
- the specification of the average relative molecular weight after the specification "PEG” is customary in technical terms, so that "PEG 200” characterizes a polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of approximately 190 to approximately 210.
- PEG 1550, PEG 3000, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 can preferably be used in the context of the present invention.
- Polyethylene glycols are commercially available, for example, under the trade names Carbowax® PEG 540 (Union Carbide), Emkapol® 6000 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol® 3000 MED (HÜLS America), Polyglycol® E-3350 (Dow Chemical), Lutrol® E4000 (BASF) and the corresponding trade name with higher numbers.
- PEG and PPG which can preferably be used as solution-accelerated coating substances
- other substances can of course also be used, provided that they are sufficiently high Have water solubility and have a melting point above 30 ° C.
- the melt suspension or emulsion produced in process step b) can vary Contain quantities of coating substance, auxiliary substances and active substance to be coated.
- the coating substance makes up 20 to 95% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight and in particular 40 to 50% by weight of the melt suspension produced in step b) or emulsion.
- the active substances to be incorporated into the melt suspension or emulsion can be added to the processing temperature is in both solid and liquid form, as long as the melt suspension or emulsion below its melting point or solidification range is in solid form to permanently fill the trough.
- the active substances contained in the melt suspension or emulsion fulfill in accordance with the invention manufactured detergent tablets certain tasks. By separating certain substances or by accelerating or Delayed release of additional substances can reduce the washing or cleaning performance be improved. Active ingredients preferred in the melt suspension or emulsion are incorporated, are therefore such ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents, who are crucially involved in the washing or cleaning process.
- the active ingredient (s) are those produced in step b) Melt suspension or emulsion selected from the group of enzymes, Bleaching agents, bleach activators, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, cobuilders and / or fragrances.
- melt suspension or emulsion By incorporating surfactants into the melted shell material, one can Produce melt suspension or emulsion, which in the finished detergent tablets additional wash-active at a predetermined time Provides substance.
- Process produce moldings for automatic dishwashing, which the additional Only release surfactant at temperatures that are common in dishwashers only reach in the rinse aid. In this way it is also in the rinse aid Surfactant available, which accelerates the drainage of the water and so stains effectively prevented on the wash ware.
- a suitable amount of solidified melt suspension or emulsion in the moldings produced by the process according to the invention can thus dispense with the use of additional rinse aid that is common today become. Instead of separate dosing and dimensioning of two products, there is only one problem-free addition of a molding is required, which saves time, effort and costs.
- the active substance (s) is / are in the one produced in step b) Melt suspension or emulsion selected from the group of nonionic Surfactants, especially the alkoxylated alcohols. These substances continued described in detail above.
- Another class of active substances that are particularly advantageous in the melt suspension Bleaching agent or emulsion.
- washing and Detergent tablets are made, the bleach only when they are reached release certain temperatures, such as detergent tablets that in Clean the pre-rinse enzymatically and only release the bleach in the main rinse.
- Detergent tablets for machine dishwashing can also be produced in this way Release additional bleach in the rinse cycle and so difficult stains, for example Remove tea stains more effectively.
- the active substance (s) is / are in the one produced in step b)
- Melt suspension or emulsion are selected from the group of oxygen or halogen bleaches, especially chlorine bleaches. These substances too are described in detail above.
- bleach activators Another class of compounds which can preferably be used as active substances in the melt suspension or emulsion are the bleach activators.
- Known bleach activators are compounds which contain one or more N- or O-acyl groups, such as substances from the class of the anhydrides, the esters, the imides and the acylated imidazoles or oximes.
- Examples are tetraacetylethylenediamine TAED, tetraacetylmethylenediamine TAMD and tetraacetylhexylenediamine TAHD, but also pentaacetylglucose PAG, 1,5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine DADHT and isatoic anhydride ISA.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Substances are suitable which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- Multi-acylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triace
- Hydrophilically substituted acylacetals and acyllactams are also preferably used.
- Combinations of conventional bleach activators can also be used.
- so-called bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the moldings.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
- Bleach activators from the group of multi-acylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoyisuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n-) or iso-N-NOB are preferred -Methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA), preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight, particularly 2 to 8% by weight and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-% based on the total agent used.
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- N-acylimides in particular N-nonanoyisuccinimide (NOSI)
- acylated phenolsulfonates in particular
- Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (ammin) - Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, of manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular 0.0025% by weight. % to 1% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight, in each case based on the total composition. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.
- Fragrances can also be used as active substances in the melt suspension or emulsion incorporated. All fragrances described in detail above can be used as Active substance can be used. When fragrances are incorporated into the melt suspension or emulsion result in detergent tablets that cover the entire or release some of the perfume with a time delay. In this way, according to the invention Process, for example, moldings for automatic dishwashing producible in which the consumer opens even after the dishes have been cleaned the machine experiences the perfume note. This way the unwanted "Alkaline smell", which adheres to many automatic dishwashing detergents, can be eliminated.
- Corrosion inhibitors can also be used as an active ingredient in the according to the invention Introduce the molded article produced by the process, with reference to those familiar to the person skilled in the art Substances can be used.
- the or the active substance (s) usually 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 45% by weight and in particular 20 to 40% by weight of the melt suspension produced in step b) or emulsion from.
- the coating may contain additives be added. Suitable additives must be completely mixed with the melted Allow wax to mix, the melting range of the coating substances must not be significant change, must improve the elasticity of the casing at low temperatures, the In general, the casing is not permeable to water or moisture increase and must not increase the viscosity of the melt of the shell material to such an extent that processing becomes difficult or even impossible.
- Suitable additives that the Brittleness of an envelope consisting essentially of paraffin at low temperatures are, for example, EVA copolymers, hydrogenated resin acid methyl esters, Polyethylene or copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Another useful additive when using paraffin as a coating is the addition of a small amount of a surfactant, for example a C 12-18 fatty alcohol sulfate. This addition results in a better wetting of the material to be embedded through the covering. It is advantageous to add the additive in an amount of about ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ about 2% by weight, based on the coating substance.
- a surfactant for example a C 12-18 fatty alcohol sulfate.
- the coating substance can be advantageous in process step b) according to the invention, the coating substance to add further additives, for example to prematurely discontinue the to prevent enveloping active substances during cooling.
- the usable for this Anti-settling agents which are also referred to as suspending agents, are from the prior art Technology, for example from lacquer and printing ink production, is known.
- silicone oils dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, polyether modified Methylalkylpolysiloxanes
- oligomeric titanates and silanes polyamines, salts long-chain polyamines and polycarboxylic acids, amine / amide functional polyesters or Amine / amide-functional polyacrylates are called.
- Aerosil® 200 pyrogenic kiselic acid, Degussa
- Bentone® SD-1, SD-2, 34, 52 and 57 Bentonit, Rheox
- Bentone® SD-3, 27 and 38 Hectorite, Rheox
- Tixogel® EZ 100 or VP-A organically modified smectite, Südchemie
- Tixogel® VG, VP and VZ montmorillonite loaded with QAV, Südchemie
- Disperbyk® 161 block copolymer, Byk-Chemie
- Borchigen® ND sulfo group-free Ion exchanger, Borchers
- Ser-Ad® FA 601 servingo
- Solsperse® aromatic ethoxylate, ICI
- Surfynol® types Air Products
- Tamol® and Triton® types Rhohm & Haas
- the auxiliaries mentioned can vary in the process according to the invention Wrapping material and material to be wrapped used in varying amounts become.
- Usual concentrations for the anti-settling, Anti-floating, thioxotropic and dispersing agents are in the range from 0.5 to 8.0 % By weight, preferably between 1.0 and 5.0% by weight, and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 3.0% by weight, based in each case on the melt suspension or emulsion.
- Step b) prepared melt suspension or emulsion further auxiliaries from the Group of anti-settling, suspended, anti-floating, thixotropic and Dispersing aids in amounts of 0.5 to 8.0 wt .-%, preferably between 1.0 and 5.0 wt .-%, and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 3.0 wt .-%, each based on contains the melt suspension or emulsion.
- the active substances contain, which are liquid at the processing temperature, the use is more special Emulsifiers beneficial. It has been shown that in particular emulsifiers from the Group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polyglycerol esters and polyoxyalkylene siloxanes are extremely suitable.
- fatty alcohols those from native fats or oils are converted to the corresponding ones Understand fatty acids (see below) available alcohols with 6 to 22 carbon atoms. These alcohols can vary depending on the origin of the fat or oil from which they are obtained are substituted or unsaturated in places in the alkyl chain.
- the emulsifiers used are therefore preferably C 6-22 fatty alcohols, preferably C 8-22 fatty alcohols and in particular C 12-18 fatty alcohols, with particular preference given to C 16-18 fatty alcohols.
- All of vegetable or animal oils and fats can also be used as emulsifiers obtained fatty acids are used.
- the fatty acids can be used regardless of their Physical state saturated or mono- to polyunsaturated. Even with the unsaturated ones Fatty acids are the solid species at room temperature compared to the liquid or pasty preferred.
- Fatty acids are the solid species at room temperature compared to the liquid or pasty preferred.
- pure the technical fatty acid mixtures obtained from the splitting of fats and oils, from an economic point of view, these mixtures are clearly preferred are.
- individual emulsifiers in the context of the present invention Use species or mixtures of the following acids: caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, Lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecan-12-ol acid, Arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, melissic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, Petroselinic acid, petroselaidic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, Linolaidic acid, ⁇ - and ⁇ -eläosterainic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, brassidic acid.
- the fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms can also be used, for example undecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, Heneicosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, pentacosanoic acid, heptacosanoic acid.
- the emulsifier (s) used are C 6-22 fatty acids, preferably C 8-22 fatty acids and in particular C 12-18 fatty acids, with particular preference given to C 16-18 fatty acids.
- Particularly preferred emulsifiers in the context of the present invention are polyglycerol esters, in particular esters of fatty acids with polyglycerols.
- These preferred polyglycerol esters can be described by the general formula V. in which R 1 in each glycerol unit is independently H or a fatty acyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 2 and 15, preferably between 3 and 10.
- This standard cosmetic work contains, for example, information about the keywords POLYGLYCERYL-3-BEESWAX, POLYGLYCERYL-3-CETYL ETHER, POLYGLYCERYL-4-COCOATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10-DECALINOLEATE, POLY-GLYCERYL-10-DECAOLETELARY POLYGLYTE GLYCERYL-2-DIISOSTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-3-DIISOSTEARATE, POLY-GLYCERYL-10-DIISOSTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-2-DIOLEATE, POLY-GLYCERYL-3-DIOLEATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10-DIOLEOLYLATE, DISTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-6-DISTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10-DISTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10-HEPTAOLEATE, POLY-GYLCERYL-12-HYDROXYSTEARATE, PO
- emulsifiers which can be used in process step b) according to the invention are substituted silicones which carry side chains reacted with ethylene or propylene oxide.
- Such polyoxyalkylene siloxanes can be described by the general formula VI in which each radical R 1 independently of one another for -CH 3 or a polyoxyethylene or propylene group - [CH (R 2 ) -CH 2 -O] x H group, R 2 for -H or -CH 3 , x for a number between 1 and 100, preferably between 2 and 20 and in particular less than 10, and n indicates the degree of polymerization of the silicone.
- the polyoxyalkylenesiloxanes mentioned can also be attached to the free OH groups of the Polxoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene side chains are etherified or esterified.
- the Unetherified and unesterified polymer from dimethylsiloxane with polyoxyethylene and / or Polyoxypropylene is used in the INCI nomenclature as DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL designated and is under the trade names Abil® B (Goldschmidt), Alkasil® (Rhône-Poulenc), Silwet® (Union Carbide) or Belsil® DMC 6031 commercially available.
- the DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL ACETATE esterified with acetic acid for example Belsil® DMC 6032, -33 and -35, Wacker
- the DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL BUTYL ETHERS eg KF352A, Shin Etsu
- Process step b) can also be used as emulsifiers.
- emulsifiers make up 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of the weight of the Melt suspension or emulsion.
- the melt suspension produced in step b) contains or -emulsion additionally emulsifiers from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polyglycerol esters and / or polyoxyalkylene siloxanes in amounts of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight, and particularly preferably from 2.5 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the melt suspension or emulsion.
- process step c) the separately produced mold bodies are separated with the prepared melt suspension or emulsion at temperatures above the The melting temperature of the coating substance is filled.
- the temperature of the melt to be filled can be chosen as high as desired, with regard to temperature-sensitive ingredients it is preferred, however, that process step c) be carried out at temperatures the maximum 10 ° C, preferably maximum 5 ° C and in particular maximum 2 ° C are above the solidification temperature of the melt suspension or emulsion.
- the metering of the melt suspension or emulsion into the well of the prefabricated Shaped body is preferably carried out by means of a piston metering pump, a pneumatic Pump, a peristaltic pump or a gear pump.
- the moldings may have been pretreated before being filled with the melt to improve the adhesion of the melt in the trough.
- a suitable bonding agent to the trough surfaces, which will ensure the adhesion of the Ensures melt on the molded body, so that the molded body during transport and handling the solidified trough filling cannot separate from the molded body.
- melt dispersions / emulsions produced in step b) were poured into the trough shaped bodies produced in process step a) in the following weight ratios (data in% by weight, based on the fully filled shaped body), the shaped bodies being heated to 40 ° C. before pouring had been: Molded body with bleach core Molded body with surfactant core Molded body with perfume core Depression tablet 96.0 96.0 96.0 SDE 1 4.0 - - SDE 2 - 4.0 - SDE 3 - - 4.0
- the filled moldings were left to cool at room temperature and subsequently seperatly packaged.
- the trough moldings with bleach core have an analog composition Shaped bodies in which the ingredients of the melt dispersion / emulsion individually and were not added to the premix in the form of a melt, significantly better cleaning performance, especially on tea stains.
- the trough moldings with a surfactant core have an analog composition Shaped bodies in which the ingredients of the melt dispersion / emulsion individually and were not added to the premix in the form of a melt, significantly better rinse aid performance which are manifested in a significantly reduced formation of deposits on glasses.
- the trough shaped bodies with a fragrance core have, compared to shaped bodies composed analogously, in which the ingredients of the melt dispersion / emulsion individually and not in Form of a melt were added to the premix, a significantly better perfume note when opening the machine.
- melt dispersions of n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA) were produced in easily soluble coating substances, which demonstrate the positive effects even with accelerated release.
- mold bodies were produced in accordance with process step a) described above.
- melt dispersions SDE 4 to 8 were produced, the composition (% by weight, based on the melt) of which is given in the table below: SDE 4 SDE 5 SDE 6 SDE 7 SDE 8 Sokalan®-BM 1 44.0 50.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 PEG 1550 (mp 45-50 ° C) 44.0 50.0 40.0 - - PEG 3000 (mp 50-56 ° C) - - - 40.0 - PEG 4000 - - - - - 40.0 citric acid 4.8 - - - - sodium 7.2 - - - - - -
- the melt dispersions were in the moldings in the manner mentioned above filled and left to cool.
- the moldings had a weight before filling from 24 g and were filled with 1.3 g of the melt dispersion.
- the cleaning performance the molded body E4 filled with the melt dispersions SDE 4 to SDE 8 up to E8 was tested on tea soiling. According to (1), tea was soiled manufactured and the dirty cups in a household dishwasher cleaned:
- 96 g of black tea are left in the nylon net with the lid closed for 5 Minutes and draws the tea into a diving apparatus with heating and stirrer.
- 60 teacups are put into the prepared tea infusion 25 times at one-minute intervals at 70 ° C dipped. Then the cups are removed and opened with the opening downwards Dried on a tray.
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Description
Bevorzugt eingesetzt werden lineare Alkylpolyglucoside, also Alkylpolyglycoside, in denen der Polyglycosylrest ein Glucoserest und der Alkylrest ein n-Alkylrest ist.
Die Tablettierung erfolgt in handelsüblichen Tablettenpressen, die prinzipiell mit Einfachoder Zweifachstempeln ausgerüstet sein können. Im letzteren Fall wird nicht nur der Oberstempel zum Druckaufbau verwendet, auch der Unterstempel bewegt sich während des Preßvorgangs auf den Oberstempel zu, während der Oberstempel nach unten drückt. Für kleine Produktionsmengen werden vorzugsweise Exzentertablettenpressen verwendet, bei denen der oder die Stempel an einer Exzenterscheibe befestigt sind, die ihrerseits an einer Achse mit einer bestimmten Umlaufgeschwindigkeit montiert ist. Die Bewegung dieser Preßstempel ist mit der Arbeitsweise eines üblichen Viertaktmotors vergleichbar. Die Verpressung kann mit je einem Ober- und Unterstempel erfolgen, es können aber auch mehrere Stempel an einer Exzenterscheibe befestigt sein, wobei die Anzahl der Matrizenbohrungen entsprechend erweitert ist. Die Durchsätze von Exzenterpressen variieren ja nach Typ von einigen hundert bis maximal 3000 Tabletten pro Stunde.
Für kosmetische Inhaltsstoffe wird eine andere Nomenklatur verwendet, in der das Kurzzeichen PEG mit einem Bindestrich versehen wird und direkt an den Bindestrich eine Zahl folgt, die der Zahl n in der oben genannten Formel III entspricht. Nach dieser Nomenklatur (sogenannte INCI-Nomenklatur, CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 5th Edition, The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Washington, 1997) sind erfindungsgemäß beispielsweise PEG-32, PEG-40, PEG-55, PEG-60, PEG-75, PEG-100, PEG-150 und PEG-180 erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt einsetzbar.
Kommerziell erhältlich sind Polyethylenglycole beispielsweise unter den Handelsnamen Carbowax® PEG 540 (Union Carbide), Emkapol® 6000 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol® 3000 MED (HÜLS America), Polyglycol® E-3350 (Dow Chemical), Lutrol® E4000 (BASF) sowie den entsprechenden Handelsnamen mit höheren Zahlen.
Als Bleichaktivatoren können Verbindungen, die unter Perhydrolysebedingungen aliphatische Peroxocarbonsäuren mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, insbesondere 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Perbenzoesäure ergeben, eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind Substanzen, die O- und/oder N-Acylgruppen der genannten C-Atomzahl und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Benzoylgruppen tragen. Bevorzugt sind mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), acylierte Triazinderivate, insbesondere 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazin (DADHT), acylierte Glykolurile, insbesondere Tetraacetylglykoluril (TAGU), N-Acylimide, insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), acylierte Phenolsulfonate, insbesondere n-Nonanoyl- oder Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- bzw. iso-NOBS), Carbonsäureanhydride, insbesondere Phthalsäureanhydrid, acylierte mehrwertige Alkohole, insbesondere Triacetin, Ethylenglykoldiacetat, 2,5-Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-Methyl-Morpholinium-Acetonitril-Methylsulfat (MMA), und die aus den deutschen Patentanmeldungen DE 196 16 693 und DE 196 16 767 bekannten Enolester sowie acetyliertes Sorbitol und Mannitol beziehungsweise deren Mischungen (SORMAN), acylierte Zuckerderivate, insbesondere Pentaacetylglukose (PAG), Pentaacetylfruktose, Tetraacetylxylose und Octaacetyllactose sowie acetyliertes, gegebenenfalls N-alkyliertes Glucamin und Gluconolacton, und/oder N-acylierte Lactame, beispielsweise N-Benzoylcaprolactam. Hydrophil substituierte Acylacetale und Acyllactame werden ebenfalls bevorzugt eingesetzt. Auch Kombinationen konventioneller Bleichaktivatoren können eingesetzt werden.
Zusätzlich zu den konventionellen Bleichaktivatoren oder an deren Stelle können auch sogenannte Bleichkatalysatoren in die Formkörper eingearbeitet werden. Bei diesen Stoffen handelt es sich um bleichverstärkende Übergangsmetallsalze bzw. Übergangsmetallkomplexe wie beispielsweise Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ru - oder Mo-Salenkomplexe oder-carbonylkomplexe. Auch Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ru-, Mo-, Ti-, V- und Cu-Komplexe mit N-haltigen Tripod-Liganden sowie Co-, Fe-, Cu- und Ru-Amminkomplexe sind als Bleichkatalysatoren verwendbar.
Bleichverstärkende Übergangsmetallkomplexe, insbesondere mit den Zentralatomen Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti und/oder Ru, bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Mangan und/oder Cobaltsalze und/oder -komplexe, besonders bevorzugt der Cobalt(ammin)-Komplexe, der Cobalt(acetat)-Komplexe, der Cobalt(Carbonyl)-Komplexe, der Chloride des Cobalts oder Mangans, des Mangansulfatswerden in üblichen Mengen, vorzugsweise in einer Menge bis zu 5 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,0025 Gew.-% bis 1 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 0,25 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das gesamte Mittel, eingesetzt. Aber in spezielle Fällen kann auch mehr Bleichaktivator eingesetzt werden.
Vorgemisch 1 (Unterphase) | Vorgemisch 2 (Oberphase) | |
Natriumcarbonat | 32,0 | - |
Natriumtripolyphosphat | 52,0 | 91,4 |
Natriumperborat | 10,0 | - |
Tetraacetylethylendiamin | 2,5 | - |
Benzotriazol | 1,0 | - |
C12-Fettalkohol mit 3 EO | 2,5 | - |
Farbstoff | 0,2 | |
Enzyme | 6,0 | |
Parfüm | 0,4 | |
Silikonöl | 2,0 |
SDE 1 (Bleichkern) | SDE 2 (Tensidkern) | SDE 3 (Duftkern) | |
Paraffin 57-60°C | 50,0 | 60,0 | 95,0 |
Dichlorisocyanursäure | 35,0 | - | - |
Poly Tergent SLF-183-45® | - | 33,3 | - |
Parfüm | - | - | 5,0 |
Tylose MH 50® | 15,0 | - | - |
Polyglycerin-12-hydroxystearat | - | 6,7 | - |
Muldenformkörper mit Bleichmittelkern | Muldenformkörper mit Tensidkern | Muldenformkörper mit Parfümkern | |
Muldenformkörper | 96,0 | 96,0 | 96,0 |
SDE 1 | 4,0 | - | - |
SDE 2 | - | 4,0 | - |
SDE 3 | - | - | 4,0 |
Hierbei wurden gemäß dem oben beschriebenen Verfahrensschritt a) Muldenformkörper hergestellt. Durch Erhitzen des jeweiligen Hüllmaterials und Einrühren der Aktivsubstanz (MMA) wurden Schmelzdispersionen SDE 4 bis 8 hergestellt, deren Zusammensetzung (Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Schmelze) in der nachstehenden Tabelle angegeben ist:
SDE 4 | SDE 5 | SDE 6 | SDE 7 | SDE 8 | |
Sokalan®-BM 1 | 44,0 | 50,0 | 60,0 | 60,0 | 60,0 |
PEG 1550 (Smp. 45-50 °C) | 44,0 | 50,0 | 40,0 | - | - |
PEG 3000 (Smp. 50-56 °C) | - | - | - | 40,0 | - |
PEG 4000 | - | - | - | - | 40,0 |
Citronensäure | 4,8 | - | - | - | - |
Natriumhydrogencarbonat | 7,2 | - | - | - | - |
Die Teenoten wurden sowohl fiir Waschbedingungen 55 °C / 16 °d Wasserhärte im Hauptspülgang gemessen (d. h. "harte Bedingungen") als auch fiir 55 °C/ 3 °d Wasserhärte. Als Spülmaschine wurde eine Miele G 590 mit Universalprogramm benutzt. Die nachstehende Tabelle zeigt die erzielte Teereinigung der Mittel E4 bis E8 im Vergleich zu einem unbefüllten Formkörper V
V | E4 | E5 | E6 | E7 | E8 | |
Teenote 3 °d | 7,0 | 10,0 | 9,5 | 9,7 | 9,0 | 8,0 |
Teenote 16 °d | 4,7 | 7,0 | 6,8 | 8,0 | 7,5 | 5,7 |
Claims (23)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper, gekennzeichnet durch die Schrittea) Verpressen eines teilchenförmigen Vorgemischs zu Formkörpern, die eine Mulde aufweisen,b) Herstellung einer Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion aus einer Hüllsubstanz, die einen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 30°C aufweist und einem oder mehreren in ihr dispergierten oder suspendierten Aktivstoff(en),c) Befüllen der Muldenformkörper mit der Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts der Hüllsubstanz,d) Abkühlen und optionale Nachbehandlung der befüllten Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in Schritt a) verpreßte teilchenförmige Vorgemisch Builder in Mengen von 20 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 25 bis 75 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 30 bis 70 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Vorgemisch, enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in Schritt a) verpreßte teilchenförmige Vorgemisch Tensid(e), vorzugsweise nichtionische(s) Tensid(e), in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,75 bis 7,5 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 1,0 bis 5 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Vorgemisch, enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in Schritt a) verpreßte teilchenförmige Vorgemisch ein Schüttgewicht oberhalb von 600 g/l, vorzugsweise oberhalb von 700 g/l und insbesondere oberhalb von 800 g/l aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in Schritt a) verpreßte teilchenförmige Vorgemisch eine Teilchengrößenverteilung aufweist, bei der weniger als 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 7,5 Gew.-% und insbesondere weniger als 5 Gew.-% der Teilchen größer als 1600 µm oder kleiner als 200 µm sind.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in Schritt a) verpreßte teilchenförmige Vorgemisch eine Teilchengrößenverteilung aufweist, bei der mehr als 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mehr als 40 Gew.-% und insbesondere mehr als 50 Gew.-% der Teilchen eine Teilchengröße zwischen 600 und 1000 µm aufweisen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Schritt a) mehrschichtige Formkörper, die eine Mulde aufweisen, in an sich bekannter Weise hergestellt werden, indem mehrere unterschiedliche teilchenförmige Vorgemische aufeinander gepreßt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Schritt a) zweischichtige Formkörper, die eine Mulde aufweisen, hergestellt werden, indem zwei unterschiedliche teilchenförmige Vorgemische aufeinander gepreßt werden, von denen eines ein oder mehrere Bleichmittel und das andere ein oder mehrere Enzyme enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Schritt a) zweischichtige Formkörper, die eine Mulde aufweisen, hergestellt werden, indem zwei unterschiedliche teilchenförmige Vorgemische aufeinander gepreßt werden, von denen eines ein oder mehrere Bleichmittel und das andere ein oder mehrere Bleichaktivatoren enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hüllsubstanz in Schritt b) einen Schmelzbereich von 45°C bis 75 °C aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hüllsubstanz mindestens ein Paraffinwachs mit einem Schmelzbereich von 50°C bis 55°C enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hüllsubstanz mindestens einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der Polyethylenglycole (PEG) und/oder Polypropylenglycole (PPG) enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hüllsubstanz 20 bis 95 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 30 bis 70 Gew.-% und insbesondere 40 bis 50 Gew.-% der in Schritt b) hergestellten Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion ausmacht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bzw. die Aktivstoff(e) in der in Schritt b) hergestellten Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe der Enzyme, Bleichmittel, Bleichaktivatoren, Tenside, Korro- sionsinhibitoren, Belagsinhibitoren, Cobuilder und/oder Duftstoffe.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bzw. die Aktivstoff(e) in der in Schritt b) hergestellten Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe der nichtionischen Tenside, insbesondere der alkoxylierten Alkohole.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bzw. die Aktivstoff(e) in der in Schritt b) hergestellten Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe der Sauerstoff- oder Halogen-Bleichmittel, insbesondere der Chlorbleichmittel.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bzw. die Aktivstoff(e) in der in Schritt b) hergestellten Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe der Bleichaktivatoren, insbesondere aus den Gruppen der mehrfach acylierten Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), der N-Acylimide, insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), der acylierten Phenolsulfonate, insbesondere n-Nonanoyl- oder Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- bzw. iso-NOBS), n-Methyl-Morpholinium-Acetonitril-Methylsulfat (MMA).
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bzw. die Aktivstoff(e) 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 45 Gew.-% und insbesondere 20 bis 40 Gew.-% der in Schritt b) hergestellten Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion ausmachen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Schritt b) hergestellte Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion weitere Hilfsstoffe aus der Gruppe der Antiabsetzmittel, Schwebemittel, Antiausschwimmittel, Thixotropiermittel und Dispergierhilfsmittel in Mengen von 0,5 bis 8,0 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 1,0 und 5,0 Gew.-%, und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1,5 und 3,0 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion, enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Schritt b) hergestellte Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion zusätzlich Emulgatoren aus der Gruppe der Fettalkohole, Fettsäuren, Polyglycerinester und/oder Polyoxyalkylensiloxane in Mengen von 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 15 Gew.-%, und besonders bevorzugt von 2,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion, enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verfahrensschritt c) bei Temperaturen durchgeführt wird, die maximal 10°C, vorzugsweise maximal 5°C und insbesondere maximal 2°C oberhalb der Erstarrungstemperatur der Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion liegen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Verfahrensschritt c) die Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion mittels einer Kolbendosierpumpe, einer pneumatischen Pumpe, einer Schlauchpumpe oder einer Zahnradpumpe in die Muldenformkörper eingefüllt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Muldenformkörper vor dem Befüllen mit der Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion aufgewärmt werden, um die Haftung der erkaltenden Schmelze zu verbessern.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19831704 | 1998-07-15 | ||
DE19831704 | 1998-07-15 | ||
DE19851426 | 1998-11-09 | ||
DE19851426A DE19851426A1 (de) | 1998-07-15 | 1998-11-09 | Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
PCT/EP1999/004675 WO2000004122A1 (de) | 1998-07-15 | 1999-07-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1095130A1 EP1095130A1 (de) | 2001-05-02 |
EP1095130B1 true EP1095130B1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
Family
ID=26047437
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP99934578A Expired - Lifetime EP1095130B1 (de) | 1998-07-15 | 1999-07-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US6750193B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1095130B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE226979T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2188196T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000004122A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (24)
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US6992056B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2006-01-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for preparing detergent tablets having two or more regions |
ES2248050T5 (es) * | 1999-03-03 | 2014-11-11 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Procedimiento para la obtención de cuerpos moldeados de agentes de lavado y limpieza multifásicos |
DE19914353A1 (de) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit speziellen Bleichaktivatoren |
DE10120441C2 (de) * | 2001-04-25 | 2003-09-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Waschmittelformkörper mit viskoelastischer Phase |
DE10209157A1 (de) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Parfümierte Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
DE10209156A1 (de) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Formkörper mit nachträglicher Tensiddosierung |
DE10221559B4 (de) * | 2002-05-15 | 2009-04-30 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit Aktivphase |
US20050113271A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-05-26 | Ulrich Pegelow | Automatic dishwashing detergent with improved glass anti-corrosion properties II |
US20040009888A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2004-01-15 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Detergent compositions |
DE10313458A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-11-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
DE10313457A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
DE10313455A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
DE10313456A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Formstabile Reinigungsmittelportion |
DE10352961A1 (de) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Stoßbelastungsresistente Tablette |
GB2410031A (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-07-20 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc | Solid treatment blocks containing hydrocarbon solvent |
GB2410496A (en) * | 2004-01-31 | 2005-08-03 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Water softening tablets |
EP1642961A1 (de) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-05 | Unilever N.V. | Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteltabletten |
DE102004051006B4 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fette Gmbh | Rundlaufpresse |
EP1746151A1 (de) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-24 | Unilever N.V. | Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteltabletten |
DE102008043245A1 (de) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-06 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Siliconpolyether-Copolymersysteme sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung durch Alkoxylierungsreaktion |
GB0913808D0 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-09-16 | Mcbride Robert Ltd | Dosage form detergent products |
AU2012244292B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2015-03-05 | Bissell Inc. | Enzyme cleaning composition and method of use |
CN102662347B (zh) * | 2012-03-20 | 2014-04-02 | 鲁东大学 | 仿真石蜡铸造炉自动控制系统 |
DE102018221584A1 (de) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
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US3234258A (en) | 1963-06-20 | 1966-02-08 | Procter & Gamble | Sulfation of alpha olefins |
US4460490A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1984-07-17 | Jeyes Group Limited | Lavatory cleansing blocks |
JPS58217598A (ja) | 1982-06-10 | 1983-12-17 | 日本油脂株式会社 | 洗剤組成物 |
DE3413571A1 (de) | 1984-04-11 | 1985-10-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verwendung von kristallinen schichtfoermigen natriumsilikaten zur wasserenthaertung und verfahren zur wasserenthaertung |
DE3914131A1 (de) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-10-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung von calcinierten hydrotalciten als katalysatoren fuer die ethoxylierung bzw. propoxylierung von fettsaeureestern |
YU221490A (sh) | 1989-12-02 | 1993-10-20 | Henkel Kg. | Postupak za hidrotermalnu izradu kristalnog natrijum disilikata |
WO1992009526A1 (de) | 1990-12-01 | 1992-06-11 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Verfahren zur hydrothermalen herstellung von kristallinem natriumdisilikat |
US5075041A (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1991-12-24 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the preparation of secondary alcohol sulfate-containing surfactant compositions |
US5133892A (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1992-07-28 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Machine dishwashing detergent tablets |
EP0585363B1 (de) * | 1991-05-14 | 1995-04-12 | Ecolab Incorporated | Zweiteiliges chemisches konzentrat |
WO1995007331A1 (en) | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergents with n-alkoxy or n-aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants |
DE4400024A1 (de) | 1994-01-03 | 1995-07-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Silikatische Builder und ihre Verwendung in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln sowie Mehrstoffgemische für den Einsatz auf diesem Sachgebiet |
US5516448A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-05-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a high density detergent composition which includes selected recycle streams for improved agglomerate |
DE19616767A1 (de) | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivatoren für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
DE19616693A1 (de) | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Enolester als Bleichaktivatoren für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
DE69726165T2 (de) * | 1996-09-11 | 2004-09-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati | Schwachschäumende maschinengeschirrspülmittel |
DE19709991C2 (de) | 1997-03-11 | 1999-12-23 | Rettenmaier & Soehne Gmbh & Co | Waschmittelpreßling und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE19710254A1 (de) | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper für den Gebrauch im Haushalt |
US6274538B1 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2001-08-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
CA2309252C (en) | 1997-11-10 | 2003-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparing a detergent tablet |
CA2296354C (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2003-05-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
US6399564B1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2002-06-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent tablet |
CA2311715C (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2004-09-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent tablet |
WO1999027069A1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent tablet |
DE19758178A1 (de) | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschirrspülmittelformkörper mit Chlorbleichmitteln |
DE19758181A1 (de) | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschirrspülmittelformkörper mit Soil-Release-Polymeren |
DE19758180A1 (de) | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschirrspülmittelformkörper mit Bleichaktivatoren |
DE19822973A1 (de) | 1998-05-25 | 1999-12-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit Mulde |
-
1999
- 1999-07-06 EP EP99934578A patent/EP1095130B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-06 ES ES99934578T patent/ES2188196T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-06 WO PCT/EP1999/004675 patent/WO2000004122A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-06 US US09/743,466 patent/US6750193B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-06 AT AT99934578T patent/ATE226979T1/de active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1095130A1 (de) | 2001-05-02 |
WO2000004122A1 (de) | 2000-01-27 |
ATE226979T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
ES2188196T3 (es) | 2003-06-16 |
US6750193B1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
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