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EP1090208A2 - Method and device for cooling a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine - Google Patents

Method and device for cooling a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine

Info

Publication number
EP1090208A2
EP1090208A2 EP99936273A EP99936273A EP1090208A2 EP 1090208 A2 EP1090208 A2 EP 1090208A2 EP 99936273 A EP99936273 A EP 99936273A EP 99936273 A EP99936273 A EP 99936273A EP 1090208 A2 EP1090208 A2 EP 1090208A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
low
pressure
pressure stage
steam turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99936273A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1090208B1 (en
Inventor
Udo Gande
Dieter Mrosek
Hans-Joachim Endries
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1090208A2 publication Critical patent/EP1090208A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1090208B1 publication Critical patent/EP1090208B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F01K13/025—Cooling the interior by injection during idling or stand-by
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cooling at least one low-pressure stage of a steam turbine with a steam inlet and a steam outlet area, the steam turbine being connected to at least one condenser or being designed as a counter-pressure turbine and being as
  • Coolant condensate and / or steam are injected from a cooling system into the low-pressure stage via a metering device.
  • a steam atmosphere may prevail, the static pressure of which corresponds to the pressure prevailing in a condensate container connected to the low-pressure turbine.
  • the friction of the turbine blades on the steam can lead to considerable heat development, as a result of which the turbine can be heated up strongly, possibly even inadmissibly high.
  • cooling measures are used in which, for example, condensate is injected into the steam outlet area or, if the cooling capacity to be used is particularly high, into the steam inlet area of the turbine with atomization. The condensate evaporates with a drop in temperature, which cools the ventilating turbine.
  • the cooling effect is often limited to parts of the turbine in the vicinity of the steam outlet; If the injection takes place in the steam inlet area, condensate, which agglomerates in the area of the steam inlet, can endanger the blading of the turbine through surge formation.
  • steam is therefore fed into the steam turbine via a tap located between the steam outlet and the steam inlet of the steam turbine.
  • the cooling in the turbine initially benefits the radially outer ends of the blades, which are most heavily loaded by the friction on the steam in the turbine.
  • the cooling effect is thus largely limited to the areas of the turbine in which it is desired.
  • the cooling of other components of the turbine, for example the turbine shaft, is avoided.
  • a tapping line connected to the tapping is additionally supplied with condensate in addition to steam, in particular by condensate being fed into the steam through a condensate transfer line. Transfer and / or injected into the bleed line.
  • the condensate is preferably mixed with the steam in an atomizer nozzle and injected from this atomizer nozzle into the bleed line.
  • a particularly high cooling effect is achieved by a condensate distributed in fine droplets.
  • the amount of steam or steam / condensate mixture supplied to the bleed line is approximately in the order of 1% of the steam flow when the steam turbine is operating at power.
  • the steam used for cooling comes from a condensate tank, which is used for collecting, heating and degassing the condensate. Steam from the condensate tank, which is usually supplied with heating steam for the purpose of degassing the condensate, is due to the coexistence of
  • Steam can also be taken from a steam discharge line, through which the steam is guided past the low-pressure turbine during ventilation operation.
  • a steam discharge leads, for example, the steam from a high-pressure steam turbine upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine or from an arrangement of a high-pressure steam turbine and a medium-pressure steam turbine and the low-pressure steam turbine around to a heating device or the like, where the steam may be cooled and is condensed.
  • the steam to be tapped can be removed from such a heating device.
  • the steam can likewise be taken directly or indirectly from a high-pressure or medium-pressure steam turbine connected upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine, for example from a preheater or the like fed by the latter.
  • a steam usually has a sufficiently high intrinsic pressure so that it can be fed into the ventilating steam turbine without separate pumps or the like.
  • the cooling method known from EP 0 602 040 B1 is controlled via a temperature measuring point located between the tapping and the steam outlet area, the delivery of the steam or the delivery of the steam-condensate mixture for tapping being regulated as a function of the measured temperature.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the
  • the temperature value for the control and / or regulation of such a cooling method is too slow to the extent that it does not meter a sufficient amount of coolant, particularly in the vicinity of a predetermined temperature value, nor does it promptly deactivate the injection
  • condensate and / or steam is injected as cooling medium from a cooling system via a metering device into the low-pressure stage, depending on a temperature value measured in the low-pressure stage and on a parameter that correlates directly or indirectly with the mass flow rate through the low-pressure stage.
  • the device comprises at least one temperature sensor arranged in the region of the low-pressure stage, at least one device for measuring and / or determining a parameter which correlates directly or indirectly with the mass flow rate through the low-pressure stage, and a control unit for controlling and / or regulating the cooling system and the metering device as a function of the temperature value measured in the low-pressure stage and as a function of the parameter correlating with the mass throughput.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that cooling of a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine is reliably ensured during ventilation and a risk to the blading of the steam turbine by drop impact erosion is avoided, at least significantly reduced.
  • the device for determining the correlating parameter preferably comprises at least two sensors, in particular pressure sensors, which are arranged before and after the low-pressure stage, in particular in the steam inlet area and in the steam outlet area of the steam turbine.
  • pressure sensors which are arranged before and after the low-pressure stage, in particular in the steam inlet area and in the steam outlet area of the steam turbine.
  • Such an arrangement of pressure sensors has the advantage that the parameter which correlates directly or indirectly with the mass throughput through the low pressure stage can be determined from pressure values which can be measured with the pressure sensors, in particular from the pressure ratio between the pressure upstream of the low pressure stage and the pressure downstream of the Low pressure stage.
  • the at least one pressure sensor arranged after the low-pressure stage in the steam outlet area of the steam turbine in the condenser connected to the steam turbine. to design a sensor that is usually already located there for operational reasons so that it can also determine the pressure values necessary for determining the parameter.
  • the injection is used to inject the cooling medium when a predetermined limit value of the temperature and / or the parameter is exceeded.
  • the cooling medium is preferably no longer injected when the parameter falls below a predetermined limit value.
  • activation and deactivation of the injection are preferably carried out automatically.
  • the at least one temperature sensor and the pressure sensors are connected to the control unit via at least one electrical connection and transmit at least some of their data and measured values to the electronic control unit.
  • This is preferably characterized in that it also determines the parameter correlating with the mass flow rate from existing and / or incoming data for the control and / or regulation of the steam turbine.
  • signals for automatic control and / or regulation of the cooling system and the dosing device are preferably also generated in the electronic control unit and transmitted via at least one control line.
  • the electronic Control unit also generates signals for automatic control of the amount of coolant.
  • At least the amount of coolant can be automatically regulated by means of a map, the map preferably being stored in the control unit.
  • the steam preferably also transports the condensate at least in the region of the injection of the cooling medium, the metering device, which in particular has at least one metering valve, preferably being arranged adjacent to the low-pressure stage to be cooled.
  • the drawing schematically shows a section of a power plant with a low-pressure steam turbine 1, a condenser 5, a condensate tank 18 downstream of the condenser 5, a cooling system 6, a metering device 7 and a control unit 10; further components of the power plant, for example a generator and a high-pressure steam turbine rigidly coupled to the low-pressure steam turbine, are not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the components of the power plant shown are connected to one another by steam connection lines 14 or condensate lines 15.
  • the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is rigidly coupled to the high-pressure steam turbine, so that the rotors of both steam turbines, which are also not shown, run synchronously. If the action steam flowing out of the high-pressure steam turbine is guided past the low-pressure steam turbine 1, i.e. this rotates at idle, so friction occurs in the low-pressure steam turbine 1 due to the static pressure prevailing therein, which corresponds to the pressure of the steam in the condensate container 18 arranged downstream of the condenser 5.
  • a cooling medium preferably condensate and / or steam
  • Steam turbine 1 is arranged between a steam inlet area 2, which is used to act on the action steam, and a steam outlet area 3, through which the steam expanded in the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is fed to the condenser 5, a metering valve 13, which is connected to a metering device. device 7 and the cooling system 6 is connected.
  • the condensate container 18 the condensate is heated by means of steam, which is supplied from the high-pressure steam turbine (not shown) through a heating steam line 14c.
  • a steam chamber 19 filled with steam is located in the condensate container 18 above the condensate mirror. Steam is removed from this steam chamber 19 and fed to the metering device 7 through a steam line 20.
  • the metering device 7 is supplied with condensate from the condensate container 18 by means of a condensate pump 23 through a condensate line 21.
  • Steam and condensate are processed in the metering device 7 to a steam-condensate mixture and then over the metering valve 13, which is arranged adjacent to the low-pressure stage 4 to be cooled, is injected, preferably as a function of a temperature value measured by means of the temperature sensor 11 in the low-pressure stage 4 and of a pressure value measured by pressure sensors 8 and 9 each arranged in the steam inlet region 2 and steam outlet region 3 determined parameters correlating with the mass flow rate through the low pressure stage 4.
  • the injection of the cooling medium is activated when a predetermined limit value of the temperature and / or the parameter is exceeded.
  • the injection of the cooling medium is deactivated when the parameter falls below a predetermined limit.
  • Metering device 7 and metering valve 13 are connected to the electronic control unit 10 via control lines 12, the temperature sensor 11 and the pressure sensors 8 and 9 via at least one electrical connection 22.
  • This is preferably characterized in that the data correlating with the mass flow rate and / or signals for automatic control are also determined from existing and / or incoming data and measured values for controlling and / or regulating the steam turbine 1
  • Control and / or regulation of the cooling system 6 and the metering device 7 and for the automatic control of a quantity of coolant are generated.
  • the feed can be automated and regulated in an advantageous manner, this being done preferably by means of a map stored in the control unit 10, in particular with regard to the amount of steam-condensate mixture fed in.
  • controlled cooling of the low-pressure steam turbine 1 in ventilation mode can be carried out without submitting work.
  • steam can be removed, for example, from the heating heat exchanger 17 or a preheater (not shown) associated with the high-pressure steam turbine.
  • the cooling of a low-pressure stage 4 of a steam turbine 1 according to the invention advantageously prevents the blading of the steam turbine 1 from being endangered by drop impact erosion and is easier to regulate than only temperature-dependent control systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for cooling at least one low-pressure stage (4) of a steam turbine (1) comprising a steam admission area (2) and a steam exhaust area (3). The steam turbine (1) is connected to at least one condenser (5) or is configured as a back pressure turbine. Condensate and/or steam from a cooling system (6) is injected as a cooling medium into the low-pressure stage (4) via a dosing device (7). Said condensate and/or steam is injected according to a temperature value which is measured in the low-pressure stage (4) and according to a parameter which is directly or indirectly correlated to the mass flow rate through the low-pressure stage (4). In an advantageous manner, such a method for cooling a low-pressure stage (4) of a steam turbine (1) reduces the exposure of the steam turbine (1) blades to the risk of erosion resulting from the beating of drops and is easier to control than control systems which are only dependent on temperature.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kühlung einer Niederdruckstufe einer DampfturbineMethod and device for cooling a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Kühlung wenigstens einer Niederdruckstufe einer Dampfturbine mit einem Dampfeinlaß- und einem Dampfauslaßbereich, wobei die Dampfturbine mit wenigstens einem Kondensator verbunden oder als Gegendruckturbine ausgebildet ist und wobei alsThe invention relates to a method and a device for cooling at least one low-pressure stage of a steam turbine with a steam inlet and a steam outlet area, the steam turbine being connected to at least one condenser or being designed as a counter-pressure turbine and being as
Kühlmedium Kondensat und/oder Dampf aus einem Kühlsystem über eine Dosiereinrichtung in die Niederdruckstufe eingespritzt werden.Coolant condensate and / or steam are injected from a cooling system into the low-pressure stage via a metering device.
Es ist bekannt, beispielsweise aus dem Buch "Strömungsmaschinen" von K. Menny, Teubner-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1985, Abschnitt 3.4.6 "Naßdampfstufen", daß in sogenannten Naßdampfstufen, insbesondere in Niederdruckstufen von ein- und mehrflutigen Dampfturbinen, eine Kondensation des Aktionsdampfes statt- findet. Bei einer Entspannung des Dampfes in der Dampfturbine liegt bei einem Unterschreiten der Grenzkurve zum Naßdampfgebiet, beispielsweise bei Kondensationsturbinen, ein unter- kühlter Dampf vor, dessen Temperatur niedriger als die zum Dampfpunkt gehörige Sättigungstemperatur ist. Bei einer be- stimmten Unterkühlung setzt eine spontane Kondensation ein, bei der kleine Nebeltröpfchen entstehen, die sich in Form eines Wasserfilms beziehungsweise einzelner Wassersträhnen auf den Leitschaufeln absetzen können. Von deren Hinterkanten löst sich der Wasserfilm ab und bildet Sekundärtropfen mit einem Durchmesser bis zu etwa 400 μm. Diese sich ablösendenIt is known, for example from the book "Flow Machines" by K. Menny, Teubner-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1985, Section 3.4.6 "Wet Steam Stages" that in so-called wet steam stages, especially in low pressure stages of single and multi-flow steam turbines, condensation of the Action steam takes place. When the steam in the steam turbine relaxes, if the temperature drops below the limit curve for the wet steam region, for example in the case of condensation turbines, there is an undercooled steam whose temperature is lower than the saturation temperature associated with the steam point. With certain hypothermia, spontaneous condensation sets in, producing small droplets of fog that can settle on the guide vanes in the form of a film of water or individual strands of water. The water film separates from the rear edges and forms secondary drops with a diameter of up to approximately 400 μm. These peeling off
Dampftropfen können bei Aufprall auf die Laufschaufeln zu einem Materialabtrag führen, insbesondere dann, wenn die Tropfen einen Durchmesser in der Größenordnung von 50 bis 400 μm haben (sogenannte Tropfenschlagerosion) . Zur Vermeidung die- ser Tropfenschlagerosion wird häufig der Wasserfilm direkt an der Leitschaufeloberfläche abgesaugt. Hierzu weist eine hohle Leitschaufel Schlitze auf, die ihr Inneres mit dem Kondensator der Dampfturbine verbinden.Steam drops can lead to material removal if they hit the blades, especially if the drops have a diameter of the order of 50 to 400 μm (so-called drop impact erosion). To avoid this drop erosion, the water film is often sucked off directly on the guide vane surface. For this purpose, a hollow Guide vane slots that connect their interior to the condenser of the steam turbine.
In einer im sogenannten Ventilationsbetrieb arbeitenden Nie- derdruck-Turbine kann eine Dampfatmosphäre vorherrschen, deren statischer Druck dem in einem mit der Niederdruck-Turbine verbundenen Kondensatbehälter herrschenden Druck entspricht. Die Reibung der Turbinenschaufeln an dem Dampf (sogenannte Ventilation) kann zu beachtlicher Wärmeentwicklung führen, wodurch die Turbine stark, möglicherweise sogar unzulässig hoch, aufgeheizt werden kann. Um dies zu vermeiden, werden Kühlmaßnahmen angewandt, bei denen beispielsweise in den Dampfauslaßbereich oder, falls die aufzuwendende Kühlleistung besonders hoch sein muß, in den Dampfeinlaßbereich der Tur- bine Kondensat unter Zerstäubung eingespritzt wird. Das Kondensat verdampft unter Temperaturabsenkung, wodurch die ventilierende Turbine gekühlt wird. Erfolgt die Einspritzung im Dampfauslaßbereich, so beschränkt sich die Kühlwirkung häufig auf Teile der Turbine in der Nähe des Dampfauslasses; erfolgt die Einspritzung im Dampfeinlaßbereich, kann Kondensat, das sich im Bereich des Dampfeinlasses agglomeriert, durch Schwallbildung die Beschaufelung der Turbine gefährden.In a low-pressure turbine operating in so-called ventilation mode, a steam atmosphere may prevail, the static pressure of which corresponds to the pressure prevailing in a condensate container connected to the low-pressure turbine. The friction of the turbine blades on the steam (so-called ventilation) can lead to considerable heat development, as a result of which the turbine can be heated up strongly, possibly even inadmissibly high. In order to avoid this, cooling measures are used in which, for example, condensate is injected into the steam outlet area or, if the cooling capacity to be used is particularly high, into the steam inlet area of the turbine with atomization. The condensate evaporates with a drop in temperature, which cools the ventilating turbine. If the injection takes place in the steam outlet area, the cooling effect is often limited to parts of the turbine in the vicinity of the steam outlet; If the injection takes place in the steam inlet area, condensate, which agglomerates in the area of the steam inlet, can endanger the blading of the turbine through surge formation.
Gemäß dem aus der EP 602 040 Bl angegebenen Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine im Ventilationsbetrieb, wird daher über eine zwischen dem Dampfauslaß und dem Dampfeinlaß der Dampfturbine liegende Anzapfung Dampf in die Dampfturbine eingespeist. Auf diese Weise kommt die Kühlung in der Turbine zunächst den radial außen liegenden Enden der Schaufeln zugute, die durch die Reibung an dem in der Turbine befindlichen Dampf am höchsten belastet sind. Die Kühlwirkung ist somit weitgehend auf die Bereiche der Turbine beschränkt, in denen sie erwünscht ist. Die Abkühlung anderer Komponenten der Turbine, beispielsweise der Turbinenwelle, wird vermie- den. Einer mit der Anzapfung verbundenen Anzapfleitung wird außer Dampf zusätzlich Kondensat zugestellt, insbesondere indem durch eine Kondensat-Überleitung Kondensat in die Dampf- Überleitung und/oder in die Anzapfleitung eingespritzt wird. Das Kondensat wird vorzugsweise mit dem Dampf in einer Zerstäuberdüse gemischt und aus dieser Zerstäuberdüse in die Anzapfleitung eingespritzt. Durch ein in feine Tröpfchen ver- teiltes Kondensat wird eine besonders hohe Kühlwirkung erzielt .According to the method for cooling a low-pressure steam turbine in ventilation mode specified in EP 602 040 B1, steam is therefore fed into the steam turbine via a tap located between the steam outlet and the steam inlet of the steam turbine. In this way, the cooling in the turbine initially benefits the radially outer ends of the blades, which are most heavily loaded by the friction on the steam in the turbine. The cooling effect is thus largely limited to the areas of the turbine in which it is desired. The cooling of other components of the turbine, for example the turbine shaft, is avoided. A tapping line connected to the tapping is additionally supplied with condensate in addition to steam, in particular by condensate being fed into the steam through a condensate transfer line. Transfer and / or injected into the bleed line. The condensate is preferably mixed with the steam in an atomizer nozzle and injected from this atomizer nozzle into the bleed line. A particularly high cooling effect is achieved by a condensate distributed in fine droplets.
Die der Anzapfleitung zugeführte Menge an Dampf bzw. Dampf- Kondensatgemisch liegt gemäß der EP 0 602 040 Bl etwa in der Größenordnung von 1 % des Dampfstroms bei Leistungsbetrieb der Dampfturbine. Der zur Kühlung verwendete Dampf stammt aus einem Kondensatbehälter, welcher der Sammlung, Aufwärmung und Entgasung des Kondensats dient. Dampf aus dem Kondensatbehälter, dem in der Regel zum Zwecke der Entgasung des Kondensats Heizdampf zugeführt wird, ist aufgrund der Koexistenz vonAccording to EP 0 602 040 B1, the amount of steam or steam / condensate mixture supplied to the bleed line is approximately in the order of 1% of the steam flow when the steam turbine is operating at power. The steam used for cooling comes from a condensate tank, which is used for collecting, heating and degassing the condensate. Steam from the condensate tank, which is usually supplied with heating steam for the purpose of degassing the condensate, is due to the coexistence of
Dampf und Kondensat gesättigt, eventuell sogar mit fein verteiltem Kondensat versetzt, und eignet sich daher besonders zur Einspritzung in die ventilierende Turbine. Weiterhin kann Dampf einer Dampf-Ableitung entnommen werden, durch die beim Ventilationsbetrieb der Dampf an der Niederdruck-Turbine vorbei geleitet wird. Eine solche Dampf-Ableitung führt beispielsweise den Dampf von einer der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine vorgeschalteten Hochdruck-Dampfturbine beziehungsweise von einer Anordnung aus einer Hochdruck-Dampfturbine und einer Mitteldruck-Dampfturbine und die Niederdruck-Dampfturbine herum zu einer Heizeinrichtung oder dergleichen, wo möglicherweise der Dampf abgekühlt und kondensiert wird. Zum Erhalt eines Dampf-Kondensat-Gemisches kann der der Anzapfung zuzustellende Dampf einer solchen Heizeinrichtung entnommen werden. Der Dampf kann ebenfalls einer der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine vorgeschalteten Hochdruck- oder Mitteldruck-Dampfturbine direkt oder indirekt, beispielsweise einem von dieser gespeisten Vorwärmer oder dergleichen, entnommen werden. Ein solcher Dampf hat üblicherweise einen hinreichend hohen Ei- gendruck, so daß ohne gesonderte Pumpen oder dergleichen eine Einspeisung in die ventilierende Dampfturbine erfolgen kann. Eine Steuerung des aus der EP 0 602 040 Bl bekannten Kühlverfahrens erfolgt über eine zwischen der Anzapfung und dem Dampfauslaßbereich liegende Temperaturmeßstelle, wobei in Abhängigkeit von der gemessenen Temperatur die Zustellung des Dampfes, beziehungsweise die Zustellung des Dampf-Kondensat- Gemisches zur Anzapfung geregelt wird.Steam and condensate saturated, possibly even with finely divided condensate, and is therefore particularly suitable for injection into the ventilating turbine. Steam can also be taken from a steam discharge line, through which the steam is guided past the low-pressure turbine during ventilation operation. Such a steam discharge leads, for example, the steam from a high-pressure steam turbine upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine or from an arrangement of a high-pressure steam turbine and a medium-pressure steam turbine and the low-pressure steam turbine around to a heating device or the like, where the steam may be cooled and is condensed. To obtain a steam-condensate mixture, the steam to be tapped can be removed from such a heating device. The steam can likewise be taken directly or indirectly from a high-pressure or medium-pressure steam turbine connected upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine, for example from a preheater or the like fed by the latter. Such a steam usually has a sufficiently high intrinsic pressure so that it can be fed into the ventilating steam turbine without separate pumps or the like. The cooling method known from EP 0 602 040 B1 is controlled via a temperature measuring point located between the tapping and the steam outlet area, the delivery of the steam or the delivery of the steam-condensate mixture for tapping being regulated as a function of the measured temperature.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Kühlung wenigstens einer Niederdruckstufe einer ein- oder mehrflutigen Dampfturbine derart weiterzubilden, daß eine Kühlung bei Ventilation sicher gewährleistet ist sowie eine Gefährdung der Beschaufelung der Dampfturbine durch Tropfenschlagerosion vermindert wird.It is an object of the invention to further develop a method and a device for cooling at least one low-pressure stage of a single-flow or multi-flow steam turbine in such a way that cooling during ventilation is reliably ensured and the risk of blading of the steam turbine by drop impact erosion is reduced.
Die Erfindung geht hierbei von der Erkenntnis aus, daß derThe invention is based on the knowledge that the
Temperaturwert zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung eines solchen Kühlverfahrens insofern zu träge ist, als daß sich mit ihm eine Kühlmittelmenge, insbesondere in der Nähe eines vorgegebenen Temperaturgenzwertes, weder zufriedenstellend dosieren, noch eine rechtzeitige Deaktivierung der Einspritzung anThe temperature value for the control and / or regulation of such a cooling method is too slow to the extent that it does not meter a sufficient amount of coolant, particularly in the vicinity of a predetermined temperature value, nor does it promptly deactivate the injection
Dampf beziehungsweise an Dampf-Kondensat-Gemisch erreichen läßt, so daß insbesondere durch die auch noch nach ausreichender Kühlung eingeleiteten Mengen an Kondensat insbesondere die Laufschaufeln der Turbine einer weiteren Gefährdung, insbesondere durch die eingangs beschriebene Tropfenschlagerosion, ausgesetzt sind.Steam or steam-condensate mixture can be reached, so that, in particular due to the quantities of condensate introduced even after sufficient cooling, in particular the rotor blades of the turbine are exposed to a further hazard, in particular due to the drop impact erosion described at the outset.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11 ge- löst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den jeweils abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a device according to claim 11. Advantageous refinements and developments are described in the respective dependent claims.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Kühlung wenigstens einer Niederdruckstufe einer ein- oder mehrflutigen Dampftur- bine mit einem Dampfeinlaßbereich und mit einem Dampfauslaßbereich, wobei die Dampfturbine mit wenigstens einem Kondensator verbunden ist, oder als Gegendruckturbine arbeitet, wird als Kühlmedium Kondensat und/oder Dampf aus einem Kühlsystem über eine Dosiereinrichtung in die Niederdruckstufe eingespritzt und zwar in Abhängigkeit von einem in der Niederdruckstufe gemessenen Temperaturwert und von einem direkt oder indirekt mit dem Massendurchsatz durch die Niederdruckstufe korrelierenden Parameter. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung umfaßt dazu wenigstens einen im Bereich der Niederdruckstufe angeordneten Temperatursensor, mindestens eine Einrichtung zur Messung und/oder Ermittlung eines direkt oder indi- rekt mit dem Massendurchsatz durch die Niederdruckstufe korrelierenden Parameters sowie eine Leiteinheit zur Steuer- und/oder Regelung des Kühlsystems und der Dosiereinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von dem in der Niederdruckstufe gemessenen Temperaturwert und in Abhängigkeit von dem mit dem Massen- durchsatz korrelierenden Parameter. Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß eine Kühlung einer Niederdruckstufe einer Dampfturbine bei Ventilation sicher gewährleistet sowie eine Gefährdung der Beschaufelung der Dampfturbine durch Tropfenschlagerosion vermieden, zumindest deutlich vermindert, wird.In the method according to the invention for cooling at least one low-pressure stage of a single-flow or multi-flow steam turbine with a steam inlet area and with a steam outlet area, the steam turbine being connected to at least one condenser, or operating as a counter-pressure turbine, condensate and / or steam is injected as cooling medium from a cooling system via a metering device into the low-pressure stage, depending on a temperature value measured in the low-pressure stage and on a parameter that correlates directly or indirectly with the mass flow rate through the low-pressure stage. For this purpose, the device according to the invention comprises at least one temperature sensor arranged in the region of the low-pressure stage, at least one device for measuring and / or determining a parameter which correlates directly or indirectly with the mass flow rate through the low-pressure stage, and a control unit for controlling and / or regulating the cooling system and the metering device as a function of the temperature value measured in the low-pressure stage and as a function of the parameter correlating with the mass throughput. The advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that cooling of a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine is reliably ensured during ventilation and a risk to the blading of the steam turbine by drop impact erosion is avoided, at least significantly reduced.
Bevorzugt umfaßt die Einrichtung zur Bestimmung des korrelierenden Parameters wenigstens zwei Sensoren, insbesondere Drucksensoren, welche vor und nach der Niederdruckstufe, ins- besondere im Dampfeinlaßbereich und im Dampfauslaßbereich der Dampfturbine, angeordnet sind. Eine solche Anordnung von Drucksensoren hat den Vorteil, daß der direkt oder indirekt mit dem Massendurchsatz durch die Niederdruckstufe korrelie- rende Parameter aus mit den Drucksensoren meßbaren Druckwer- ten ermittelbar ist, insbesondere aus dem Druckverhältnis zwischen dem Druck vor der Niederdruckstufe zu dem Druck hinter der Niederdruckstufe.The device for determining the correlating parameter preferably comprises at least two sensors, in particular pressure sensors, which are arranged before and after the low-pressure stage, in particular in the steam inlet area and in the steam outlet area of the steam turbine. Such an arrangement of pressure sensors has the advantage that the parameter which correlates directly or indirectly with the mass throughput through the low pressure stage can be determined from pressure values which can be measured with the pressure sensors, in particular from the pressure ratio between the pressure upstream of the low pressure stage and the pressure downstream of the Low pressure stage.
Zur Minimierung der Kosten für die Sensorik ist es günstig, den wenigstens einen nach der Niederdruckstufe im Dampfauslaßbereich der Dampfturbine angeordneten Drucksensor in dem mit der Dampfturbine verbundenen Kondensator anzuordnen be- ziehungsweise einen üblicherweise betriebsbedingt dort schon angeortneten Sensor so auszulegen, daß er auch die zur Bestimmung des Parameters notwendigen Druckwerte ermitteln kann.To minimize the costs for the sensor system, it is favorable to arrange the at least one pressure sensor arranged after the low-pressure stage in the steam outlet area of the steam turbine in the condenser connected to the steam turbine. to design a sensor that is usually already located there for operational reasons so that it can also determine the pressure values necessary for determining the parameter.
Zur Verbesserung der Aktivierung der Einspritzung dient es, das Kühlmedium bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes der Temperatur und/oder des Parameters einzuspritzen.To improve the activation of the injection, it is used to inject the cooling medium when a predetermined limit value of the temperature and / or the parameter is exceeded.
Zur Verbesserung der Deaktivierung der Einspritzung wird vorzugsweise das Kühlmedium bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes des Parameters nicht mehr eingespritzt.To improve the deactivation of the injection, the cooling medium is preferably no longer injected when the parameter falls below a predetermined limit value.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums erfolgen Aktivierung und Deaktivierung der Einspritzung vorzugsweise automatisch.According to an advantageous development of the injection of the cooling medium, activation and deactivation of the injection are preferably carried out automatically.
Zur Vereinfachung der Bestimmung des Parameters ist es günstig, daß beispielsweise der wenigstens eine Temperatursenor und die Drucksensoren über wenigstens eine elektrische Verbindung mit der Leiteinheit verbunden sind und wenigstens einen Teil ihrer Daten und Meßwerte an die elektronische Leiteinheit übermitteln. Diese zeichnet sich bevorzugt dadurch aus, daß in ihr aus zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Dampfturbine vorhandenen und/oder ankommenden Daten und Meßwerten auch der mit dem Massendurchsatz korrelierende Parameter ermittelt wird.To simplify the determination of the parameter, it is favorable that, for example, the at least one temperature sensor and the pressure sensors are connected to the control unit via at least one electrical connection and transmit at least some of their data and measured values to the electronic control unit. This is preferably characterized in that it also determines the parameter correlating with the mass flow rate from existing and / or incoming data for the control and / or regulation of the steam turbine.
Zur Vereinfachung der Steuer- und/oder Regelung des Kühlsy- stems und der Dosiereinrichtung werden in der elektronischen Leiteinheit vorzugsweise auch Signale zur automatischen Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Kühlsystems und der Dosiereinrichtung erzeugt und über wenigstens eine Steuerleitung übertragen .To simplify the control and / or regulation of the cooling system and the dosing device, signals for automatic control and / or regulation of the cooling system and the dosing device are preferably also generated in the electronic control unit and transmitted via at least one control line.
Zur Verbesserung der Kühlwirkung, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Kühlvolumens werden vorzugsweise in der elektronischen Leiteinheit auch Signale für eine automatische Regelung der Kühlmittelmenge erzeugt.To improve the cooling effect, especially with regard to the cooling volume, are preferably used in the electronic Control unit also generates signals for automatic control of the amount of coolant.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der automatischen Steuer- und/oder Regelungen ist wenigstens die Kühlmittelmenge mittels eines Kennfeldes automatisch regelbar ist, wobei das Kennfeld bevorzugt in der Leiteinheit gespeichert ist .According to an advantageous development of the automatic control and / or regulation, at least the amount of coolant can be automatically regulated by means of a map, the map preferably being stored in the control unit.
Zur Verbesserung der Kühlwirkung transportiert vorzugsweise der Dampf wenigstens im Bereich der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums auch zugleich das Kondensat, wobei die Dosiereinrichtung, welche insbesondere mindestens ein Dosierventil aufweist, vorzugsweise benachbart zu der zu kühlenden Nieder- druckstufe angeordnet ist.In order to improve the cooling effect, the steam preferably also transports the condensate at least in the region of the injection of the cooling medium, the metering device, which in particular has at least one metering valve, preferably being arranged adjacent to the low-pressure stage to be cooled.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens werden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten, bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels beispielhaft erläutert.Further advantages and details of the device and the method are explained by way of example with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt schematisch einen Ausschnitt aus einer Kraftwerksanlage mit einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1, einem Kondensator 5, einem dem Kondensator 5 nachgeordneten Kondensatbehälter 18, einem Kühlsystem 6, einer Dosiereinrichtung 7 und einer Leiteinheit 10; weitere Bestandteile der Kraftwerksanlage, beispielsweise ein Generator und eine mit der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine starr gekuppelte Hochdruck-Dampfturbine, sind der Übersicht halber nicht dargestellt. Die dargestellten Komponenten der Kraftwerksanlage sind untereinander durch Dampfverbindungsleitungen 14 beziehungsweise Kondensatleitungen 15 verbunden.The drawing schematically shows a section of a power plant with a low-pressure steam turbine 1, a condenser 5, a condensate tank 18 downstream of the condenser 5, a cooling system 6, a metering device 7 and a control unit 10; further components of the power plant, for example a generator and a high-pressure steam turbine rigidly coupled to the low-pressure steam turbine, are not shown for the sake of clarity. The components of the power plant shown are connected to one another by steam connection lines 14 or condensate lines 15.
Zwischen der nicht dargestellten Hochdruck-Dampfturbine und der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 befindet sich in der Dampfver- bindungsleitung 14a ein Umschalter 16, der üblicherweise mit Klappen gebildet wird, mit dessen Hilfe der von der Hochdruck-Dampfturbine abströmende heiße Aktionsdampf durch eine weitere Dampfverbindungsleitung 14b zu einem Heizwarmetau- scher 17 ableitbar ist. Je nach Einstellung des Umschalters 16 w rd somit die Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 nicht mit heißen Aktionsdampf beaufschlagt. Der an der Niederdruck-Dampftur- bine 1 vorbeigefuhrte Aktionsdampf wird in dem Heizwarmetau- scher 17 kondensiert und fließt als Kondensat dem Kondensat- behalter 18 zu.Between the high-pressure steam turbine, not shown, and the low-pressure steam turbine 1, there is a changeover switch 16 in the steam connection line 14a, which is usually formed with flaps, with the aid of which the hot action steam flowing out of the high-pressure steam turbine through a further steam connection line 14b to a heating heat exchanger 17 can be derived. Depending on the setting of the switch 16, the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is not subjected to hot action steam. The action steam conducted past the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is condensed in the heating-heat exchanger 17 and flows as condensate to the condensate tank 18.
Die Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 ist mit der Hochdruck-Dampf- turbine starr gekuppelt, so daß die gleichfalls nicht dargestellten Rotoren beider Dampfturbinen synchron laufen. Wird der von der Hochdruck-Dampfturbine abströmende Aktionsdampf an der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 vorbeigefuhrt, d.h. diese rotiert im Leerlauf, so tritt in der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 aufgrund des darin herrschenden statischen Druckes, der dem Druck des Dampfes in dem dem Kondensator 5 nachgeordneten Kondensatbehalter 18 entspricht, Reibung auf.The low-pressure steam turbine 1 is rigidly coupled to the high-pressure steam turbine, so that the rotors of both steam turbines, which are also not shown, run synchronously. If the action steam flowing out of the high-pressure steam turbine is guided past the low-pressure steam turbine 1, i.e. this rotates at idle, so friction occurs in the low-pressure steam turbine 1 due to the static pressure prevailing therein, which corresponds to the pressure of the steam in the condensate container 18 arranged downstream of the condenser 5.
Zur Einspritzung eines Kuhlmediums, vorzugsweise Kondensat und/oder Dampf, in wenigstens eine Niederdruckstufe 4 derFor injecting a cooling medium, preferably condensate and / or steam, into at least one low-pressure stage 4
Dampfturbine 1 ist zwischen einem Dampfeinlaßbereich 2, der der Beaufschlagung mit Aktionsdampf dient, und einem Dampf- auslaßbereich 3, durch den der in der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 entspannte Dampf zu dem Kondensator 5 gefuhrt wird, ein Dosierventil 13 angeordnet, das mit einer Dosieremrich- tung 7 und dem Kuhlsystem 6 verbunden ist. In dem Kondensatbehalter 18 wird das Kondensat mittels Dampf beheizt, der durch eine Heizdampfleitung 14c von der nicht dargestellten Hochdruck-Dampfturbine zugeführt wird. Oberhalb des Konden- satspiegels befindet sich in dem Kondensatbehalter 18 ein mit Dampf gefüllter Dampfräum 19. Diesem Dampfräum 19 wird Dampf entnommen und durch eine Dampfuberleitung 20 der Dosiereinrichtung 7 zugeführt. Weiterhin wird der Dosiereinrichtung 7 durch eine Kondensatuberleitung 21 Kondensat aus dem Konden- satbehalter 18 mittels einer Kondensatpumpe 23 zugeführt.Steam turbine 1 is arranged between a steam inlet area 2, which is used to act on the action steam, and a steam outlet area 3, through which the steam expanded in the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is fed to the condenser 5, a metering valve 13, which is connected to a metering device. device 7 and the cooling system 6 is connected. In the condensate container 18, the condensate is heated by means of steam, which is supplied from the high-pressure steam turbine (not shown) through a heating steam line 14c. A steam chamber 19 filled with steam is located in the condensate container 18 above the condensate mirror. Steam is removed from this steam chamber 19 and fed to the metering device 7 through a steam line 20. Furthermore, the metering device 7 is supplied with condensate from the condensate container 18 by means of a condensate pump 23 through a condensate line 21.
Dampf und Kondensat werden in der Dosiereinrichtung 7 zu einem Dampf-Kondensat-Gemisch aufbereitet und anschließend über das Dosierventil 13, welches benachbart zu der zu kühlenden Niederdruckstufe 4 angeordnet ist, eingespritzt und zwar bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit von einem mittels Temperatursensor 11 in der Niederdruckstufe 4 gemessenen Temperaturwert und von einem von je im Dampfeinlaßbereich 2 und Dampfauslaßbereich 3 angeordneten Drucksensoren 8 und 9 gemessenen Druckwerten ermittelten mit dem Massendurchsatz durch die Niederdruckstufe 4 korrelienden Parameter. Die Aktivierung der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums erfolgt bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes der Temperatur und/oder des Parameters. Die Deaktivierung der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums erfolgt bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegeben Grenzwertes des Parameters. Dosiereinrichtung 7 und Dosierventil 13 sind über Steuerleitungen 12, der Temperatursensor 11 und die Drucksensoren 8 und 9 über wenigstens eine elektrische Verbindung 22, mit der elektronischen Leiteinheit 10 verbunden. Diese zeichnet sich bevorzugt dadurch aus, daß aus zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Dampfturbine 1 vorhandenen und/oder ankommenden Daten und Meßwerten auch der mit dem Massendurchsatz korrelierende Pa- rameter ermittelt wird und/oder Signale zur automatischenSteam and condensate are processed in the metering device 7 to a steam-condensate mixture and then over the metering valve 13, which is arranged adjacent to the low-pressure stage 4 to be cooled, is injected, preferably as a function of a temperature value measured by means of the temperature sensor 11 in the low-pressure stage 4 and of a pressure value measured by pressure sensors 8 and 9 each arranged in the steam inlet region 2 and steam outlet region 3 determined parameters correlating with the mass flow rate through the low pressure stage 4. The injection of the cooling medium is activated when a predetermined limit value of the temperature and / or the parameter is exceeded. The injection of the cooling medium is deactivated when the parameter falls below a predetermined limit. Metering device 7 and metering valve 13 are connected to the electronic control unit 10 via control lines 12, the temperature sensor 11 and the pressure sensors 8 and 9 via at least one electrical connection 22. This is preferably characterized in that the data correlating with the mass flow rate and / or signals for automatic control are also determined from existing and / or incoming data and measured values for controlling and / or regulating the steam turbine 1
Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Kühlsystems 6 und der Dosiereinrichtung 7 sowie zur automatischen Regelung einer Kühlmittelmenge erzeugt werden. Hierdurch läßt sich in vorteilhafter Weise die Einspeisung automatisieren und regeln, wobei insbesondere hinsichtlich der Menge von eingespeistem Dampf- Kondensat-Gemisch dies vorzugsweise mittels eines in der Leiteinheit 10 gespeicherten Kennfeldes erfolgt. Somit -ist eine geregelte Kühlung der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 bei Ventilationsbetrieb, ohne Arbeitsleistungsabgabe durchführ- bar.Control and / or regulation of the cooling system 6 and the metering device 7 and for the automatic control of a quantity of coolant are generated. In this way, the feed can be automated and regulated in an advantageous manner, this being done preferably by means of a map stored in the control unit 10, in particular with regard to the amount of steam-condensate mixture fed in. In this way, controlled cooling of the low-pressure steam turbine 1 in ventilation mode can be carried out without submitting work.
Sofern kein Kondensatbehälter 18 für eine Entnahme von Dampf beziehungsweise Kondensat zur Verfügung steht, kann Dampf beispielsweise dem Heizwärmetauscher 17 oder einem nicht dargestellten der Hochdruck-Dampfturbine zugeordneten Vorwärmer entnommen werden. Die Kühlung einer Niederdruckstufe 4 einer Dampfturbine 1 nach der Erfindung verhindert in vorteilhafter Weise insbesondere eine Gefährdung der Beschaufelung der Dampfturbine 1 durch Tropfenschlagerosion und ist leichter regelbar als nur von der Temperatur abhängige Regelsysteme. If no condensate container 18 is available for the removal of steam or condensate, steam can be removed, for example, from the heating heat exchanger 17 or a preheater (not shown) associated with the high-pressure steam turbine. The cooling of a low-pressure stage 4 of a steam turbine 1 according to the invention advantageously prevents the blading of the steam turbine 1 from being endangered by drop impact erosion and is easier to regulate than only temperature-dependent control systems.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Kühlung wenigstens einer Niederdruckstufe (4) einer Dampfturbine (1) mit einem Dampfeinlaßbereich (2) und einem Dampfauslaßbereich (3), wobei die Dampfturbine (1) mit wenigstens einem Kondensator (5) verbunden oder als Gegendruckturbine ausgebildet ist und wobei als Kühlmedium Kondensat und/oder Dampf aus einem Kühlsystem (6) über eine Dosiereinrichtung (7) in die Niederdruckstufe (4) eingespritzt werden und zwar in Abhängigkeit von einem in der Niederdruckstufe (4) gemessenen Temperaturwert und von einem direkt oder indirekt mit dem Massendurchsatz durch die Niederdruckstufe (4) korrelierenden Parameter.1. A method for cooling at least one low-pressure stage (4) of a steam turbine (1) with a steam inlet region (2) and a steam outlet region (3), wherein the steam turbine (1) is connected to at least one condenser (5) or is designed as a counter-pressure turbine and wherein as the cooling medium, condensate and / or steam from a cooling system (6) are injected into the low-pressure stage (4) via a metering device (7) as a function of a temperature value measured in the low-pressure stage (4) and of a directly or indirectly with the mass flow rate parameters correlated by the low pressure stage (4).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der mit dem Massendurchsatz korrelierende Parameter mittels wenigstens eines vor und wenigstens eines hinter der Niederdruckstufe (4) angeordneten Sensors (8, 9), insbesondere Drucksensors, bestimmt wird.2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the parameter correlating with the mass flow rate is determined by means of at least one sensor (8, 9), in particular pressure sensor, arranged upstream and at least one downstream of the low-pressure stage (4).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der korrelierende Parameter aus von den Drucksensoren (8, 9) gemesse- nen Druckwerten ermittelt wird, insbesondere aus dem Druckverhältnis zwischen dem Druck vor der Niederdruckstufe (4) zu dem Druck nach der Niederdruckstufe (4).3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the correlating parameter is determined from pressure values measured by the pressure sensors (8, 9), in particular from the pressure ratio between the pressure before the low pressure stage (4) and the pressure after the low pressure stage (4th ).
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Aktivierung der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes der Temperatur und/oder des Parameters erfolgt.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the activation of the injection of the cooling medium takes place when a predetermined limit value of the temperature and / or the parameter.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Deakti- vierung der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes des Parameters erfolgt.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Deacti- The injection of the cooling medium occurs when the parameter falls below a predetermined limit.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß Aktivierung und Deaktivierung der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums automatisch erfolgen.6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that activation and deactivation of the injection of the cooling medium take place automatically.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Dampfturbine (1) eine elektronische Leiteinheit (10) aufweist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß wenigstens ein Teil der von mindestens einem Temperatursensor (11) und den Drucksensoren (8, 9) stammenden Daten und Meßwerten an die elektronische Leiteinheit (10) übermittelt wer- den.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steam turbine (1) has an electronic control unit (10), characterized in that at least part of the data and measured values from at least one temperature sensor (11) and the pressure sensors (8, 9) the electronic control unit (10) are transmitted.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß in der Leiteinheit (10) aus zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Dampf- turbine (1) vorhandenen und/oder ankommenden Daten und Meßwerten auch der mit dem Massendurchsatz korrelierende Parameter ermittelt wird und/oder Signale zur automatischen Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Kühlsystems (6) und der Dosiereinrichtung (7) sowie zur automatischen Regelung einer Kühlmittelmenge erzeugt werden.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the control unit (10) from the control and / or regulation of the steam turbine (1) existing and / or incoming data and measured values and the parameters correlating with the mass flow rate is determined and / or signals for automatically controlling and / or regulating the cooling system (6) and the metering device (7) and for automatically regulating a quantity of coolant are generated.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß wenigstens die automatische Regelung der Kühlmittelmenge mittels eines in der Leiteinheit (10) gespeicherten Kennfeldes erfolgt.9. The method of claim 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that at least the automatic control of the amount of coolant takes place by means of a map stored in the control unit (10).
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß wenigstens im Bereich der Einspritzung des Kühlmediums der Dampf zu- gleich das Kondensat transportiert. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in the region of the injection of the cooling medium, the steam simultaneously transports the condensate.
11. Vorrichtung zur Kühlung wenigstens einer Niederdruckstufe (4) einer Dampfturbine (1) mit einem Dampfeinlaßbereich (2) und einem Dampfauslaßbereich (3) , wobei die Dampfturbine mit wenigstens einem Kondensator (5) verbunden oder als Gegen- druckturbine ausgebildet ist und wobei als Kühlmedium Kondensat und/oder Dampf aus einem Kühlsystem (6) über eine Dosiereinrichtung (7) in die Niederdruckstufe (4) einspritzbar ist, umfassend11. Device for cooling at least one low-pressure stage (4) of a steam turbine (1) with a steam inlet area (2) and a steam outlet area (3), the steam turbine being connected to at least one condenser (5) or being designed as a counter-pressure turbine and being as Cooling medium condensate and / or steam from a cooling system (6) can be injected into the low-pressure stage (4) via a metering device (7)
- wenigstens einen im Bereich der Niederdruckstufe (4) ange- ordneten Temperatursensor (11) ,- at least one temperature sensor (11) arranged in the area of the low pressure stage (4),
- mindestens eine Einrichtung (8, 9) zur Bestimmung eines direkt oder indirekt mit dem Massendurchsatz durch die Niederdruckstufe (4) korrelierenden Parameters sowie- At least one device (8, 9) for determining a parameter which correlates directly or indirectly with the mass throughput through the low pressure stage (4) and
- eine Leiteinheit (10) zur Steuer- und/oder Regelung des Kühlsystems (6) und der Dosiereinrichtung (7) in Abhängigkeit von dem mit dem Temperatursenor (11) gemessenen Temperaturwert und in Abhängigkeit von dem mit dem Massendurchsatz korrelierenden Parameter.- A control unit (10) for controlling and / or regulating the cooling system (6) and the metering device (7) depending on the temperature value measured with the temperature sensor (11) and depending on the parameter correlating with the mass flow rate.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Einrichtung zur Bestimmung des korrelierenden Parameters wenigstens zwei Sensoren (8, 9) umfaßt, welche vor und hinter der Nie- derdruckstufe (4) angeordnet sind.12. The apparatus of claim 11, that the device for determining the correlating parameter comprises at least two sensors (8, 9) which are arranged upstream and downstream of the low-pressure stage (4).
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der wenigstens eine vor der Niederdruckstufe (4) angeordnete Sensor (8) im Dampfeinlaßbereich (2) der Dampfturbine (1) angeordnet ist .13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, so that the at least one sensor (8) arranged in front of the low pressure stage (4) is arranged in the steam inlet region (2) of the steam turbine (1).
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der wenig- stens eine hinter der Niederdruckstufe (4) angeordnete Sensor (8) im Dampfauslaßbereich (2) der Dampfturbine (1), insbeson- dere in dem mit der Dampfturbine (1) verbundenen Kondensator (5), angeordnet ist.14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the at least one behind the low pressure stage (4) arranged sensor (8) in the steam outlet region (2) of the steam turbine (1), in particular which is arranged in the condenser (5) connected to the steam turbine (1).
15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Sensoren (8, 9) Drucksensoren sind.15. Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the sensors (8, 9) are pressure sensors.
16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der wenig- stens eine Temperatursenor (11) und die Drucksensoren (8, 9) mit der Leiteinheit (10) über wenigstens eine elektrische Verbindung (22) verbunden sind.16. Device according to one of claims 11 to 15, so that the at least one temperature sensor (11) and the pressure sensors (8, 9) are connected to the control unit (10) via at least one electrical connection (22).
17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß in der Leiteinheit (10) ein Kennfeld, insbesondere zur automatischen Regelung einer Kühlmittelmenge, gespeichert ist.17. Device according to one of claims 11 to 16, that a map is stored in the control unit (10), in particular for the automatic control of an amount of coolant.
18. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Dosiereinrichtung (7), welche insbesondere mindestens ein Dosierventil (13) aufweist, benachbart zu der zu kühlenden Niederdruckstufe (4) angeordnet ist. 18. Device according to one of claims 11 to 17, so that the dosing device (7), which in particular has at least one dosing valve (13), is arranged adjacent to the low-pressure stage (4) to be cooled.
EP99936273A 1998-05-26 1999-05-19 Method and device for cooling a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine Expired - Lifetime EP1090208B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823251A DE19823251C1 (en) 1998-05-26 1998-05-26 Steam turbine low-pressure stage cooling method e.g. for power station turbines
DE19823251 1998-05-26
PCT/DE1999/001493 WO1999061758A2 (en) 1998-05-26 1999-05-19 Method and device for cooling a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine

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EP1090208A2 true EP1090208A2 (en) 2001-04-11
EP1090208B1 EP1090208B1 (en) 2003-05-02

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JP (1) JP4253128B2 (en)
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JP4253128B2 (en) 2009-04-08
CN1119506C (en) 2003-08-27
DE19823251C1 (en) 1999-07-08
WO1999061758A2 (en) 1999-12-02
CN1306600A (en) 2001-08-01
JP2002516946A (en) 2002-06-11
WO1999061758A3 (en) 2000-01-13
EP1090208B1 (en) 2003-05-02

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