EP0933612A2 - Armour - Google Patents

Abstract

Ceramic plates (3) form a closely adjacent, jointless assembly. On the sides facing away from the impact, they are attached to a carrier fabric which is non-expansive in its principal plane.

Description

I. Field of application

The invention relates to armor against shelling by high Velocity hitting particles, especially the projectiles of hand and Handguns.

II. Technical background

Such armor is primarily used as a personal protective vest Armor for land, air and water vehicles needed to do this To protect operating personnel. This affects everyone in passenger cars Inmates.

It is important that such armor weighs as little as possible in order to not to increase the weight of the vehicle or the person too much, because including z. B. the acceleration, top speed and thus escape possibility of the vehicle is restricted.

It is also important that the added weight does not lead to subsequent work on Vehicle leads, like another suspension set-up, installation of stronger ones Braking, or even a payload that is too low for practical use.

Furthermore, z. B. only in the door panels of passenger cars limited freedom to install such armor is available.

Another important aspect is the ease of installation of the Armor:

Any rigid armor, for example consisting of a relatively thick Steel sheet etc. must match the shape of the receiving cavity or Be adapted to what is just in the armor of vehicles in small quantities represent a considerable amount of work.

Furthermore, the deflection or deformation of the armor may be transverse to the plane armor only reached a defined value when fired at because especially in the passenger car the people to be protected in a relative sit a short distance behind the armor.

Similar restrictions apply to protective vests.

For these reasons, the armouring used up to now is disadvantageous:

The already mentioned armouring by means of sheet steel, which are made so thick must be that the projectile to be expected deforms this armor, but can not penetrate requires extensive shaping work to create a attach such steel plate especially in curved cavities etc. can.

In addition, armor plates are made of flexible material such as fabrics tear-resistant materials, for example aramid fibers, known in principle, the z. B. can intercept a rifle projectile. The resulting deflection of the However, the fabric is relatively large. At a z. B. 1m x 1m large area of a such aramid fabric in which the attachment is made only at the edges Should, when deflected in the middle, the deflection can be transverse to the plane of the fabric be quite 30 cm, so that protection for very close behind the fabric sedentary people can not be guaranteed. If you want to avoid this up to 100 or more fabric layers are required, which requires a lot of space and heavy weight required.

In addition, methods are known to bring about armor by the existing cavities in door panels etc. filled with materials that destroy the kinetic energy of impacting projectiles should, and the fully available cavity with such Stuffed. In this way there is a big one Layer thickness of the armor is available, even when used relatively lighter However, this gives materials a very large overall weight gain of the vehicle to be armored.

In addition, it is already known from WO 93/21492 to armor create, which includes a layer of ceramic plates, which at Penetration of a projectile to break the ceramic plate and a high loss of kinetic energy of the projectile as well as mostly to it Deformation or splitting leads.

To keep the armor flexible, the individual plates are there riveted to a carrier fabric and moreover by positive Interlocking of the individual plates through projections and recesses, which have an undercut, prevented from being pulled apart and form a joint so large that a projectile can penetrate through it can. However, this requires complex assembly on the one hand and on the other hand can only be caused by careless handling, for example excessive bending of the Armor, disengagement of the plates is what armor partially unusable.

III. Presentation of the invention a) Technical task

It is therefore the object according to the invention to armor against Projectiles, in particular for use in personal protective vests and To create land, air and water vehicles that are light, flexible or flexible, and is easy to assemble and handle.

b) solving the problem

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments result from the subclaims.

Due to the front position in the weft direction of mutually movable, hard plates, the kinetic energy of the projectile hitting it is destroyed or largely destroyed. So the hard plates don't have the projectile absolutely stop completely, but should even come off the projectile be penetrated, whereby after the hard plates or the remaining kinetic energy of the projectile made of hard plates it is small that the interception mat behind the floor is reliable can withhold, and also not too strong deflections across Level of the mat. In particular, through the previous punch of the hard plates deformed the projectile so strongly that the front of the projectile is no longer tapering, but is wide, and thus the retention effect in the interception mat is also greatly increased.

The interception mat usually consists of a textile-like material, in particular one or more layers of fabrics made of highly tear-resistant fibers, and is therefore flexible and flexible.

In order to make the layer of hard plates flexible, these are mutually arranged movably, taking care that the mobility to each other does not go so far that a gap or gap that is too large, considered in Direction of fire, between the hard plates can result in a lighter To allow a projectile to pass through.

The panels arranged side by side consist in particular of a light, high-strength material. Ceramic has proven to be suitable for this purpose, for example metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, for example Al ₂ O ₃ .

The hard panels are particularly flexible, pliable Supporting fabric side by side and without spacing, i.e. with as few joints as possible, especially touching directly next to each other, attached. The fastening can be by gluing, sewing or any other known method respectively. It must be ensured that the plates are not so far can separate from each other to the passage of a projectile at this point to enable or even to facilitate. In particular, out of this Reason the support fabric in the plane of the fabric should be free of stretch, e.g. B. a Have aramid fabric.

To ensure flexibility of the layer with the hard plates and thereby an adaptation to the z. B. a user's body shape or the given basic form of a vehicle part, it is sufficient if one Flexibility of the plate layer only in one direction, namely the convex Bombardment direction opposed, is possible, in the opposite direction there is self-locking against deflection.

This is achieved in that the narrow sides of the plates at right angles to their main level, and the narrow sides when arranging the panels in one level are therefore parallel to each other in contact.

By arranging the flexible, but non-stretching support fabric back of the plate layer opposite the bombardment side and flat, connection of the individual panels on this supporting fabric as fully as possible there are two advantages:

A bending of the plate layer is only possible in one direction, since one such a bend, in which the supporting fabric is on the outside of the bend would lie, the narrow sides of the plates lying perpendicular to the main plane would be pressed against each other, and because of the lack of elasticity of the backing fabric can only bend if the panels are destroyed would.

By connecting the individual panels to the supporting fabric, if possible close, especially to the edges of the plates, is also prevented that the plates slide over one another at the edges.

For the same reason, the edges of the panels are neither beveled, still rounded, which would also make production more expensive and damage by breaking off these then weakened edge areas would ease. In addition, the plates on the fire side are also included a top layer firmly connected, preferably glued again, in particular fully glued. This top layer is in contrast to the base fabric from a stretchable elastic in both directions in the main plane spring back the initial state, material, for example a layer made of natural rubber or synthetic rubber, with a thickness of 0.5 - 3, especially 1 - 2 mm thick. An expansion behavior is preferred, whose resistance increases with increasing elongation, and in particular the tensile strength is very high and the sensitivity to Partitions, for example by the edges of the Plates, is low.

This can contribute to the opening of V-angles between the individual plates Bending of the plate layer to a V-angle of maximum 20 °, in particular maximum 15 °, in particular a maximum of 10 °.

If, in addition, the plates have a maximum thickness of 7 mm, preferably 5 mm, preferably 3 mm, do not exceed this results on the open side of the V-joints a joint width of less than 2 mm, especially only of fractions of mm, what a penetration of a projectile without strong braking and energy destruction is not enough. The V-joints point to theirs The back is still 0 in width, as the panels are still in there Touch each other.

This is achieved in particular when the plates are applied to the Supporting fabric the supporting fabric in the main level is under tension and especially when applying the plates with the help of a comprehensive Frame etc. directed in the opposite direction, namely pressed against each other, pre-tensioned, in particular in both transverse directions. This allows the Joint size 0 can be achieved.

In order to ensure sufficient flexibility of the plate layer, the plates have a maximum size in the main plane, the at square plates a maximum of 30 mm edge length, preferably a maximum of 20 mm edge length, preferably corresponds to a maximum of 15 mm edge length. Other Poligon forms that are in particular more than four corners especially designed as uniform poligons, the diagonals of which should correspond to the diagonals of the aforementioned squares as the maximum value. Triangular shapes are because of the acute corner angles and the easy break of these corners less suitable.

A minimum thickness of the panels should also be adhered to adequate support of the narrow sides of the plates against one another To achieve a bending test concave to the direction of fire, which is particularly the case with Bombardment itself. The minimum thickness of the panels should be 1.0 mm, in particular 1.5 mm, in particular 2.5 mm.

The one behind the layer of hard plates in the direction of fire Interception mat consists in particular of several layers of a bullet aggravating fabric, which by quilting seams or only quilting points in fixed distances connected to each other, in particular sewn or are glued. It is possible to arrange several mats in a row. Basically, the dimensioning, i.e. the choice of material depending on Thickness of the hard plates as well as number of interception mats, thickness or Number of layers of the individual interception mats etc. in relation to the expected Shelling be set.

For example, with a certain type of fire, either with a single layer of relatively thick ceramic plates, and only one Interception mat, as well as sufficient protection against fire like a layer of thinner ceramic plates and two behind them arranged interception mats.

One possibility of the material for the interception mats, which are made in particular several layers of intercepting fabrics are aramid fibers, whereby especially the fibers from a large number of essentially parallel, filaments that are not twisted.

The interception mats made of aramid fibers are included completely enclosed by a moisture-proof or waterproof film. In particular, the hard plates are also from the film, in particular Ceramic plates included.

The or the supporting fabric for the hard plates can with one of the layers of Interception mat be identical.

Usually, however, the supporting fabric of the panels with the interception mat be connected, at least along the edges of the armor, preferably however on the surface of the armor.

This can be done by sewing, for example quilting, e.g. B. between the Interception mat and the supporting fabric at predetermined intervals as well like by gluing. A connection between the Supporting fabric of the plate layer and the interception mat by means of Velcro fasteners, in particular by means of flat Velcro tape, since this is particularly so the exchange of the plate layer allows the retention mat to be retained.

The moisture-proof film can also function as a supporting fabric for hard plates, especially ceramic plates.

The armor can be attached to the load in different ways Component, for example the outer skin of a vehicle made of sheet metal are attached, only to maintain the tightness of the Is to be observed and in addition to sufficient strength of the Connection so that the armor does not detach itself from the load-bearing component may loosen.

One possibility is the attachment with Velcro, which is in the form of Velcro straps can be present. Depending on the resilience of the Velcro fasteners these in defined areas and maximum distances along the plane to arrange the armor between the armor and the load-bearing component, for example between the film and the supporting structure, if the film is the represents the outermost layer of armor.

c) working examples

Fig. 1:

eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine erfindungsgemäße Panzerung vor dem Beschuß,

Fig. 2:

eine Detailvergrößerung während bzw. nach erfolgtem Beschuß, und

Fig. 3:

eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine gebogene Panzerung.

An embodiment according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1:

2 shows a sectional view through an armor according to the invention before the bombardment,

Fig. 2:

an enlargement of details during or after the bombardment, and

Fig. 3:

a sectional view through a curved armor.

Fig. 1 shows in the bombardment direction 10 continuously from right to left - next to the approaching projectile 1 - the receiving component, i.e. the supporting part 11, which can be the outer panel of a motor vehicle, for example.

On this support member 11 is by means of several strips of Velcro 12 actual armor 2 attached, which consists of several layers: the outermost Layer of armor consists of a moisture-proof film 9, which is around the entire inner layers of the armor extends around and in Fig. 1 is open on the underside for introducing the inner layers of the Armor. On this open lower side is the film 9, so its left and right surface 9a or 9b, preferably together with the other layers the armor, tightly clamped between two clamping plates 8, the can be pressed against one another by clamping screws 7 or other aids, and also attached to the support member 11, for. B. screwed can.

The film 9 is at the upper edge and the side edges, not shown closed.

In the flow direction 10, the layer adjoins the right layer of the film 9b from ceramic plates 3 arranged side by side in a vertical plane. These are fixed in their relative position to each other by being on both sides with a Support fabric are glued, which is over the top of this layer extends around and thus a left supporting fabric 13a and a right Forms support fabric 13b for the layer of ceramic plates 3. The ceramic plates 3 are arranged with very little joints to each other, and the supporting fabric 13 is only very little stretchable in the longitudinal direction of the fabric.

The ceramic plates 3 are bonded to the supporting fabrics 13a / 13b either all over, as on the left side of the top ceramic plate 3 shown, or in the form of individual dots or stripes, such as the one below lying ceramic plates 3 can be seen. The bonds can on the opposite sides of the ceramic plates 3 in the same places be arranged as shown in the bottom ceramic plate 3, or straight offset to each other, as shown in the middle ceramic plate 3, whereby the Flexibility of the entire layer with the ceramic plates 3 is improved.

In the firing direction 10 behind this layer are two interception mats 4 arranged, each consisting of a larger number of each other regular quilting 5 connected layers of intercepting fabrics 14 exist. The two interception mats 4 are concrete by folding a single one Interception mat at the top edge and double-layer hanging down Interception mat 4 formed. Preferably takes place at the top or in the top Area a connection of these interception mats 4 especially with the layer of Ceramic plates 3 and / or the surrounding film 9 and / or the supporting part 11. This can be facilitated by the fact that, in contrast to the illustration in FIG. 1 the screwing and jamming shown in Fig. 1 at the bottom is present at the upper edge and also serves as a suspension there can.

Fig. 2 shows the situation in an enlarged detail when the bombardment has taken place The bombardment energy was so great that the projectile 1 hit Has broken through ceramic plate 3, which is thereby divided into fragments 3 ' has been. The supporting fabric 13a, 13b is also penetrated, even if it is consists of highly tear-resistant fibers, which does not necessarily have to be the case. The same applies to the right layer 9b of the surrounding film.

When the ceramic plate 3 'breaks through, the tip of the projectile 1 becomes so strong deformed that the entire deformed projectile 1 'has a very wide front surface, usually wider than the original overall diameter of the projectile 1, in the way receives the deformation. When hitting this widened front surface on the in Fig. 2 only a mat 4 shown is the retention this interception mat is even larger than when you hit a pointed front projectile 1.

In addition to the deformation, the projectile also becomes straight Trajectory deflected, and strikes the interception mat at an angle, what their Penetration additionally difficult.

For hard projectiles, such as the projectiles from a Kalashnikov, the projectile is usually used instead when striking the Ceramic plate divided into several fragments, and these in not exactly the distracted in the same direction, which is also due to the restraint by the Interception mats relieved.

In the case of hard shell bullets, on the other hand, the shell peels when it penetrates the ceramic plate from its core, so that again either separate parts or a single part with greatly enlarged, irregular Front surface, after the ceramic plate has broken through, is present.

Due to the destruction of the ceramic plate, the force of the Projectile on the ceramic plate extremely short in time. This also only results in one very little deflection of the layer with the ceramic plates in the weft direction, so that the neighboring plates hardly anymore, or only around at most a few mm, are deflected in the weft direction.

A typical size of the ceramic plates is 20 x 20 mm or 10 x 10 mm, in any case not larger than 30 x 30 mm, and this with a plate thickness of less than 5 mm, preferably 2-4 mm.

As shown in Fig. 2, the interception mat 4 is deformed by the impact of the Projectile 1 'is deflected in the weft direction 10, that is to the left in FIG. 2, however only limited. The deformed projectile 1 ', also in individual Fragments can exist, the mat 4 cannot penetrate.

Fig. 2 shows in particular that the ceramic plates 3 at least opposite Support fabric 13a, in particular with respect to both support fabrics, over the entire surface are glued. This also prevents fragments from detaching penetrated plates 3 '. The mat 4 is quilted preferably not as point stitching, but in the form of intersecting, especially at right angles, quilting seams that are 20-40 apart, in particular at a distance of 30 cm from each other.

In FIG. 1, armor is curved in a convex direction opposite the firing direction 10 Situation, and in the left half the installation situation in a vehicle roof. The curvature of the right side might as well Bulge around a person's body inside a protective vest.

It can be seen that the plates are in the middle without bending support their narrow sides 3a, 3b against each other, and the area of the The armor cannot sag downwards as this is the same as in Fig. 3 underneath, namely on the back facing away from the direction of fire 10, arranged support fabric 113 prevents which in the longitudinal direction of the support fabric is not stretchy. The support fabric 113 is in the left half of the figure fully glued to the back of the ceramic plates 3 using adhesive 6a, while in the right half the glue is only close to the edges of the individual plates 3 takes place, ie only over the entire surface within the individual plates is available.

On the outside facing the firing direction is on the plates 3 also covering layer 114 in the form of a rubber mat which is continuous for all plates glued. Here too, the adhesive is either glued 6b over the entire cover layer 114, or only over the entire surface within the individual plates 3 to as close as possible to the edges.

As can be seen from the outermost plates 3, a bend is only convex possible against the direction of fire. The open at the back closed V-angle 115 open towards the firing direction, but because of the limited elasticity of the outer cover layer 114 a certain Do not exceed the maximum amount, which is also due to the limited thickness of the Plates 3 usually have a maximum joint width on the open joint side only gives fractions of mm, especially if the plates are in their base area be chosen small enough. This bend in one direction, however Stiffness against bending in the other direction allows for example the arched installation in vehicle cavities, such as that in the left half 3 shown vehicle roof. Thereby are on the inside of the body usually top rails available, on which, for example, the Vehicle headliner 117 is attached.

Due to the bending stiffness in one direction, it is possible with correct dimensions the armor 2 the entire armor z. B. between two laterally limiting stops, of which the stop here on the left the body 118 is formed to use, and thereby the desired only to achieve slight bending outwards without further support the armor itself is maintained. So the sky 117 is not necessary to absorb loads from the armor and is therefore not deformed.

Behind the layer of plates 3 including cover layer 114 and supporting fabric 113 is the interception mat 104, which as described above from a variety of fabric layers or fiber layers can be attached.

As shown, this interception mat 4, in particular by Velcro full-surface Velcro fastener 116 using Velcro mats on the back of the supporting fabric 113 be applied, which is the exchange of one of the Layering allows, but also the connection of plate layer and mat already in a predetermined curvature caused by the Velcro fastener 116 is additionally supported.

The outer cover layer 114 has the additional function of armoring Retaining the splinters of broken ceramic plates 3 in the case of a Shelling to the outside.

REFERENCE SIGN LIST

1

Bullet

1'

deformed projectile

2nd

Armor

3rd

Ceramic plate

3a, 3b

Narrow sides

4th

Interception mat

5

Quilting

6a, 6b

Glue

7

Clamping screw

8th

Clamping plates

9

foil

10th

Weft direction

11

Support part

12th

Velcro

13a, 13b

Supporting fabric

14

Interceptor fabric

113

Supporting fabric

114

Top layer

115

V angle

116

Velcro fastener

117

Vehicle headlining

118

body

Claims (14)

Armor (2) against projectiles and their splinters, in particular for vehicles, with one behind the other in the direction of penetration (10) at least one layer of hard plates lying close together, at least to a limited extent movable relative to one another and behind at least one interception mat (4) for projectiles or projectile remnants made of highly tear-resistant fibers, characterized in that
the plates are arranged closely next to one another in their main level, in particular are arranged close to one another without joints and are fastened on their back side facing away from the direction of the bombardment on a support fabric that is free of expansion in its main level. Armor according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the plates are ceramic plates, in particular the ceramic essentially consists of iron oxide, in particular aluminum oxide, in particular Al ₂ O ₃ . Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
viewed in the weft direction, the plates have an outer contour without cavities, in particular without undercut cavities, in particular are rectangular, in particular square. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the plates are glued, woven or blown onto the supporting fabric, which consists in particular of aramid fibers, in particular are glued over the entire surface. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the plates are fastened, in particular glued, to the front side facing the firing direction with a front cover layer (13b ') extending over the joints between the plates, in particular over the entire armor, and the front cover layer (13b') is extensible in its main plane is. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the front cover layer is made of rubber or synthetic rubber, in particular with a thickness of 1-3 mm. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the plates have a thickness of at least 1.5 mm, preferably at least 2.5 mm. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the highly tear-resistant fibers of the interception mat (4) are made of aramid. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the highly tear-resistant fibers of the interception mat (4) each consist of a large number of individual filaments, in particular non-twisted individual filaments lying essentially parallel within a thread, and in particular each interception mat (4) consists of several layers of interception fabric (14), which are made of highly tear-resistant fibers are woven, and in particular the intercepting fabric (14) is connected to one another at regular intervals transversely to the plane of the intercepting fabric (14), in particular sewn by stitching (5). Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
each interception mat (4) comprises 5-12, in particular 7-10, layers of interception fabric (14). Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the supporting fabric (13) is identical to the interception mat (4), in particular an interception fabric (14) of the interception mat. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the supporting fabric (13) is connected to the interception mat (4) at intervals, in particular sewn, in particular only connected along the edges of the armor. Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the at least one layer of hard plates and the at least one interception mat (4) are enclosed in a surrounding, moisture-tightly sealed film (9). Armor according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the hard plates with regard to material, shape and / or dimensioning, in particular thickness, are selected such that they are penetrated by the projectile (1) to be expected, but the residual energy remaining on the projectile is so low that the projectile is arranged behind it Interception mat (4) is collected.

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