EP0929883B1 - Display element for use in a magnetic anti-theft system - Google Patents
Display element for use in a magnetic anti-theft system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0929883B1 EP0929883B1 EP98944989A EP98944989A EP0929883B1 EP 0929883 B1 EP0929883 B1 EP 0929883B1 EP 98944989 A EP98944989 A EP 98944989A EP 98944989 A EP98944989 A EP 98944989A EP 0929883 B1 EP0929883 B1 EP 0929883B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- alloy
- strip
- approximately
- hard magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000586 vicalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
- G08B13/2408—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using ferromagnetic tags
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2428—Tag details
- G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
- G08B13/2442—Tag materials and material properties thereof, e.g. magnetic material details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2428—Tag details
- G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
- G08B13/2445—Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
- H01F1/14716—Fe-Ni based alloys in the form of sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1261—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1266—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest between cold rolling steps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/90—Magnetic feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/928—Magnetic property
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12465—All metal or with adjacent metals having magnetic properties, or preformed fiber orientation coordinate with shape
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
- Y10T428/12646—Group VIII or IB metal-base
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
- Y10T428/12646—Group VIII or IB metal-base
- Y10T428/12653—Fe, containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
Definitions
- Such magnetic anti-theft systems and indicators are well known and for example in the EP 0 121 649 B1 or described in detail in WO 90/03652.
- magnetoelastic systems in which the activation strip for activating the alarm strip serves by magnetization
- harmonics Systems in which the activation strip according to its Magnetization serves to deactivate the alarm strip.
- Alloys with semi-hard magnetic properties that are used for the bias strips Co-Fe-V alloys known as VICALLOY, Co-Fe-Ni alloys, known as VACOZET, as well as Fe-Co-Cr alloys.
- VICALLOY Co-Fe-V alloys
- VACOZET Co-Fe-Ni alloys
- Fe-Co-Cr alloys Fe-Co-Cr alloys.
- These well-known semi-hard magnetic alloys contain high proportions of cobalt, some of them at least 45 wt .-% and are accordingly expensive.
- these alloys are magnetically final annealed Condition brittle so that they do not have sufficient ductility, to meet the requirements for the display elements for Anti-theft systems adequately.
- An important requirement is that these activation strips insensitive to bending or deformation have to be.
- the remanence under bending or tensile load should be as possible be small. As a guideline, a change becomes smaller 20% specified.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to begin with mentioned display elements with regard to their bias strips to develop further in that the above Requirements are met.
- this object is achieved in that the Pre-magnetization strips made from a semi-hard magnetic alloy consist of 8 to 25 wt .-% nickel, 1.5 to 4.5 % By weight aluminum, 0.5 to 3% by weight titanium and balance iron is.
- the alloy can also contain 0 to 5% by weight of cobalt and / or 0 up to 3% by weight of molybdenum or chromium and / or at least one of the elements Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Si in individual Proportions of less than 0.5% by weight of the alloy and in one Total content of less than 1% by weight of the alloy and / or at least one of the elements C, N, S, P, B, H, O in individual proportions of less than 0.2% by weight of the alloy and in a total proportion of less than 1% by weight of the Alloy included.
- the alloy is characterized by a coercive force H c of 10 to 24 A / cm and a remanence B r of at least 1.3 T (13,000 gaus).
- the alloys of the invention are highly ductile and excellent cold workability before starting, so that cross-sectional reductions of more than 90% are also possible are.
- Magnetic strips can be made from such alloys are produced, in particular by cold rolling, which Have thicknesses of less than 0.05 mm. Also stand out the alloys of the invention by excellent magnetic Properties and characterized by corrosion resistance.
- a particularly advantageous alloy is a semi-hard magnetic Iron alloy according to the present invention, the 13.0 to 17.0 wt% nickel, 1.8 to 2.8 % By weight of aluminum and 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of titanium. Reducing the aluminum content can in particular the magnetostriction can be set particularly favorably.
- the bias strips are through Melt the alloy under vacuum and pour into one Cast block made. Then the ingot becomes one Hot rolled strip at temperatures above 800 ° C, then at annealed at a temperature above 800 ° C and then cooled down quickly. After cold working, expediently Cold rolling in accordance with a reduction in cross section 90% is followed by intermediate annealing at approx. 700 ° C. Cold forming then takes place, expediently Cold rolling, corresponding to a reduction in cross section of at least 60%, preferably 75% or higher, instead. As The last step is the cold rolled strip at temperatures tempered from approx. 400 ° C to 600 ° C. After that, the bias strips cut to length.
- the ratio of the saturation for a given low magnetization field strength of, for example, 40 A / cm to the saturation B f for a magnetic field in the kOe range should be almost 1, which can be seen from FIG. 3.
- the counter-field stability should be such that the remanence B S still retains at least 80% of its original value after a counter-field demagnetization of a few A / cm.
- the remanence B r should only keep 20% of the original value.
- the display elements must be such that they do not change their remanence B r very much in the vicinity of the coils in the detection locks as a result of a field which is elevated there and possibly oriented in the opposite direction.
- the alloys according to the invention have such a required counter field stability.
- the alloys of the present invention are typically by casting a melt from the alloy components in a crucible or oven under vacuum or under a protective gas atmosphere.
- the temperatures are at about 1600 ° C.
- the casting is typically done in a round mold.
- the Cast ingots made from the present alloys then become typical through hot working, intermediate annealing, cold working and further intermediate annealing.
- the intermediate glow takes place for the purpose of homogenization, grain refinement, deformation or the development of desirable mechanical properties, especially high ductility.
- Heat treatment at preferably temperatures above 800 ° C, rapid cooling and starting.
- Preferred tempering temperatures are around 400 ° C to 600 ° C and the starting times are typical from one minute to 24 hours.
- Alloys are especially cold worked a reduction in cross section of at least 60% before Starting possible.
- Example 2 An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 3.0% by weight of aluminum, 1.2% by weight of titanium and the rest of iron was processed as in Example 1, but with a final intermediate annealing at 700 ° C, one last cold deformation corresponding to a cross-sectional reduction of 70% and a final annealing at 500 ° C.
- a coercive force H c equal to 21 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.45 T were measured.
- Example 2 An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 3.0% by weight of aluminum, 1.2% by weight of titanium and the rest of iron was produced as in Example 2. Deviating from this, the last intermediate annealing was carried out at 650 ° C, the last cold working corresponding to a cross-sectional reduction of 85% and the tempering treatment at 480 ° C. A coercive force H c equal to 20 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.53 T were measured.
- Example 2 An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 3.0% by weight of aluminum, 1.2% by weight of titanium, 2.0% by weight of molybdenum and the rest of iron was produced as in Example 2. After an annealing treatment at 480 ° C, a coercive force H c equal to 20 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.56 T were measured.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Anzeigeelement für die Verwendung
in einem magnetischen Diebstahlsicherungssystem bestehend
aus:
Solche magnetischen Diebstahlsicherungssysteme und Anzeigeelemente
sind hinlänglich bekannt und beispielsweise in der
EP 0 121 649 B1 bzw. in der WO 90/03652 eingehend beschrieben.
Zum einen gibt es magnetoelastische Systeme, bei denen
der Aktivierungsstreifen zur Aktivierung des Alarmstreifens
durch Aufmagnetisierung dient, zum anderen gibt es harmonische
Systeme, bei denen der Aktivierungsstreifen nach seiner
Aufmagnetisierung zur Deaktivierung des Alarmstreifens dient.Such magnetic anti-theft systems and indicators
are well known and for example in the
Zu den Legierungen mit halbhartmagnetischen Eigenschaften, die für die Vormagnetisierungsstreifen verwendet werden, gehören Co-Fe-V-Legierungen, die als VICALLOY bekannt sind, Co-Fe-Ni-Legierungen, die als VACOZET bekannt sind, sowie Fe-Co-Cr-Legierungen. Diese bekannten halbhartmagnetischen Legierungen enthalten hohe Kobaltanteile zum Teil von mindestens 45 Gew.-% und sind dementsprechend teuer.Alloys with semi-hard magnetic properties, that are used for the bias strips Co-Fe-V alloys known as VICALLOY, Co-Fe-Ni alloys, known as VACOZET, as well as Fe-Co-Cr alloys. These well-known semi-hard magnetic alloys contain high proportions of cobalt, some of them at least 45 wt .-% and are accordingly expensive.
Ferner sind diese Legierungen im magnetisch schlußgeglühten Zustand spröde, so daß sie keine ausreichende Duktilität aufweisen, um den Anforderungen bei den Anzeigeelementen für Diebstahlsicherungssystemen ausreichend gerecht zu werden. Eine wichtige Anforderung ist nämlich, daß diese Aktivierungsstreifen gegenüber Verbiegungen bzw. Verformungen unempfindlich sein müssen. Furthermore, these alloys are magnetically final annealed Condition brittle so that they do not have sufficient ductility, to meet the requirements for the display elements for Anti-theft systems adequately. An important requirement is that these activation strips insensitive to bending or deformation have to be.
Ferner geht man mittlerweile dazu über, die Anzeigeelemente bei Diebstahlsicherungssystemen direkt in das zu sicherende Produkt einzubringen (Source-Tagging). Dadurch ergibt sich zusätzlich die Anforderung, daß die halbhartmagnetischen Legierungen auch aus größerer Entfernung bzw. mit kleineren Feldern aufmagnetisiert werden können. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die Koerzitivkraft Hc auf Werte von höchstens 24 A/cm eingeschränkt werden muß.Furthermore, there is now a move to incorporate the display elements in theft protection systems directly into the product to be secured (source tagging). This also results in the requirement that the semi-hard magnetic alloys can also be magnetized from a greater distance or with smaller fields. It has been shown that the coercive force H c must be restricted to values of at most 24 A / cm.
Andererseits wird aber auch eine ausreichende Gegenfeldstabilität gefordert, wodurch der untere Grenzwert der Koerzitivkraft festgelegt wird. Hierbei sind nur Koerzitivkräfte von mindestens 10 A/cm geeignet.On the other hand, there is also sufficient stability in the opposite field required, causing the lower limit of the coercive force is set. Here are only coercive forces from suitable at least 10 A / cm.
Ferner soll die Remanenz unter Biege- bzw. Zugbelastung möglichst gering sein. Als Richtwert wird eine Änderung kleiner 20 % vorgegeben.Furthermore, the remanence under bending or tensile load should be as possible be small. As a guideline, a change becomes smaller 20% specified.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, die eingangs genannten Anzeigeelemente bezüglich ihrer Vormagnetisierungsstreifen dahingehend weiter zu entwickeln, daß die oben genannten Anforderungen erfüllt werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to begin with mentioned display elements with regard to their bias strips to develop further in that the above Requirements are met.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Vormagnetisierungsstreifen aus einer halbhartmagnetischen Legierung bestehen, die aus 8 bis 25 Gew.-% Nickel, 1,5 bis 4,5 Gew.-% Aluminium, 0,5 bis 3 Gew.-% Titan und Rest Eisen zusammengesetzt ist.According to the invention this object is achieved in that the Pre-magnetization strips made from a semi-hard magnetic alloy consist of 8 to 25 wt .-% nickel, 1.5 to 4.5 % By weight aluminum, 0.5 to 3% by weight titanium and balance iron is.
Die Legierung kann ferner 0 bis 5 Gew.-% Kobalt und/oder 0 bis 3 Gew.-% Molybdän oder Chrom und/oder wenigstens eines der Elemente Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Si in individuellen Anteilen von weniger als 0,5 Gew.-% der Legierung und in einem Gesamtanteil von weniger als 1 Gew.-% der Legierung und/oder wenigstens eines der Elemente C, N, S, P, B, H, O in individuellen Anteilen von weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% der Legierung und in einem Gesamtanteil von weniger als 1 Gew.-% der Legierung enthalten.The alloy can also contain 0 to 5% by weight of cobalt and / or 0 up to 3% by weight of molybdenum or chromium and / or at least one of the elements Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Si in individual Proportions of less than 0.5% by weight of the alloy and in one Total content of less than 1% by weight of the alloy and / or at least one of the elements C, N, S, P, B, H, O in individual proportions of less than 0.2% by weight of the alloy and in a total proportion of less than 1% by weight of the Alloy included.
Die Legierung ist durch eine Koerzitivkraft Hc von 10 bis 24 A/cm und eine Remanenz Br von mindestens 1,3 T (13.000 Gaus) gekennzeichnet.The alloy is characterized by a coercive force H c of 10 to 24 A / cm and a remanence B r of at least 1.3 T (13,000 gaus).
Die erfindungsgemaßen Legierungen sind in hohem Maße duktil und hervorragend vor dem Anlassen kalt verformbar, so daß auch Querschnittsverringerungen von mehr als 90 % möglich sind. Aus solchen Legierungen können Vormagnetisierungsstreifen hergestellt werden, insbesondere durch Kaltwalzen, die Dicken von kleiner 0,05 mm aufweisen. Ferner zeichnen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen durch exzellente magnetische Eigenschaften und durch Korrosionsbeständigkeit aus.The alloys of the invention are highly ductile and excellent cold workability before starting, so that cross-sectional reductions of more than 90% are also possible are. Magnetic strips can be made from such alloys are produced, in particular by cold rolling, which Have thicknesses of less than 0.05 mm. Also stand out the alloys of the invention by excellent magnetic Properties and characterized by corrosion resistance.
Eine ganz besonders vorteilhafte Legierung ist eine halbhartmagnetische Eisenlegierung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, die 13,0 bis 17,0 Gew.-% Nickel, 1,8 bis 2,8 Gew.-% Aluminium sowie 0,5 bis 1,5 Gew.-% Titan enthält. Durch die Verringerung des Aluminiumgehalts kann insbesondere die Magnetostriktion besonders günstig eingestellt werden.A particularly advantageous alloy is a semi-hard magnetic Iron alloy according to the present invention, the 13.0 to 17.0 wt% nickel, 1.8 to 2.8 % By weight of aluminum and 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of titanium. Reducing the aluminum content can in particular the magnetostriction can be set particularly favorably.
Typischerweise werden die Vormagnetisierungsstreifen durch
Erschmelzen der Legierung unter Vacuum und Gießen zu einem
Gußblock hergestellt. Anschließend wird der Gußblock zu einem
Band bei Temperaturen oberhalb 800°C warmgewalzt, danach bei
einer Temperatur von oberhalb 800°C zwischengeglüht und danach
schnell abgekühlt. Nach einer Kaltverformung, zweckmäßigerweise
Kaltwalzen entsprechend einer Querschnittsverringerung
von ca. 90 % folgt eine Zwischenglühung bei ca. 700°C.
Anschließend findet eine Kaltverformung, zweckmäßigerweise
Kaltwalzen, entsprechend einer Querschnittsverringerung von
mindestens 60 % vorzugsweise 75 % oder höher, statt. Als
letzter Schritt wird das kaltgewalzte Band bei Temperaturen
von ca. 400°C bis 600°C angelassen. Danach werden die Vormagnetisierungsstreifen
abgelängt. Typically, the bias strips are through
Melt the alloy under vacuum and pour into one
Cast block made. Then the ingot becomes one
Hot rolled strip at temperatures above 800 ° C, then at
annealed at a temperature above 800 ° C and then
cooled down quickly. After cold working, expediently
Cold rolling in accordance with a reduction in
Im folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung im einzelnen beschrieben. Dabei zeigen:
- Figur 1
- das Entmagnetisierungsverhalten von Fe-Ni-Al-Ti-Legierungen nach einer Wechselfeldentmagnetisierung bei 4 A/cm in Abhängigkeit von der Koerzitivkraft,
Figur 2- das Entmagnetisierungsverhalten von Fe-Ni-Al-Ti-Legierungen nach einer Wechselfeldentmagnetisierung bei 20 A/cm in Abhängigkeit von der Koerzitivkraft,
Figur 3- die Änderung der Remanenz unter Zugspannung im Vergleich zu einer Legierung nach dem Stand der Technik und
Figur 4- die relative Änderung des magnetischen Flusses in % % bei verschiedenen Koerzitivfeldstärken nach mechanischer Verformung im Vergleich zu einer Legierung nach dem Stand der Technik.
- Figure 1
- the demagnetization behavior of Fe-Ni-Al-Ti alloys after an alternating field demagnetization at 4 A / cm depending on the coercive force,
- Figure 2
- the demagnetization behavior of Fe-Ni-Al-Ti alloys after an alternating field demagnetization at 20 A / cm depending on the coercive force,
- Figure 3
- the change in the remanence under tension compared to an alloy according to the prior art and
- Figure 4
- the relative change in the magnetic flux in%% at different coercive field strengths after mechanical deformation in comparison to an alloy according to the prior art.
Für die Tauglichkeit einer Legierung für einen Aktivierungsstreifen in einem Diebstahlsicherungssystem, insbesondere für sogenannte "Source-Tagging", ergeben sich folgende Forderungen:For the suitability of an alloy for an activation strip in an anti-theft system, especially for So-called "source tagging", the following requirements result:
Die Änderung der Remanenz unter Biege- bzw. Zugbelastung soll möglichst gering sein. Als Richtwert wird eine Änderung kleiner 20 % vorgegeben. Wie aus der Figur 3 zu ersehen ist, werden mit den Legierungen nach der vorliegenden Erfindung Werte ≤ 10 % erreicht.The change in remanence under bending or tensile load should be as low as possible. As a guideline, a change becomes smaller 20% specified. As can be seen from Figure 3, values with the alloys of the present invention ≤ 10% reached.
Aus der Figur 4 ergibt sich, daß neben der Legierung auch die Koerzitivfeldstärke und der Biegeradius die Änderung des Flusses bestimmen. Die Legierungen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung erreichen bei entsprechenden Koerzitivfeldstärken bei Biegeradien ≥ 12 mm Werte < 5 % bzw. bei Biegeradien ≥ 4 mm Werte < 10 % und Dicken von ca. 50 µm.From Figure 4 it follows that in addition to the alloy Coercivity and the bending radius change the Determine the river. The alloys according to the present invention achieve with corresponding coercive field strengths Bending radii ≥ 12 mm values <5% or with bending radii ≥ 4 mm Values <10% and thicknesses of approx. 50 µm.
Das Verhältnis der Sättigung bei gegebener geringer Aufmagnetisierungsfeldstärke von z.B. 40 A/cm zur Sättigung Bf bei einem Magnetfeld im kOe-Bereich soll nahezu 1 sein, was aus der Figur 3 zu ersehen ist.The ratio of the saturation for a given low magnetization field strength of, for example, 40 A / cm to the saturation B f for a magnetic field in the kOe range should be almost 1, which can be seen from FIG. 3.
Die Gegenfeldstabilität soll derart beschaffen sein, daß die Remanenz BS nach einer Gegenfeldentmagnetisierung von wenigen A/cm immer noch mindestens 80 % ihres ursprünglichen Wertes beibehält.The counter-field stability should be such that the remanence B S still retains at least 80% of its original value after a counter-field demagnetization of a few A / cm.
Schließlich soll die Remanenz Br nach einem Entmagnetisierungszyklus mit einem vorgegebenen Magnetfeld lediglich 20 % vom ursprünglichen Wert behalten.Finally, after a demagnetization cycle with a given magnetic field, the remanence B r should only keep 20% of the original value.
Im einzelnen bedeutet das, daß eine Aufmagnetisierung des Aktivierungsstreifens, d. h. eine Aktivierung/Deaktivierung des Anzeigeelementes, auch vor Ort erfolgen kann. Dort stehen aber in der Regel nur sehr kleine Felder zur Verfügung. Die erreichte Sättigung soll sich nur wenig von dem Wert bei hohen Aufmagnetisierungsfeldern unterscheiden, um gleiches Verhalten der Anzeigeelemente zu garantieren.Specifically, this means that magnetization of the activation strip d. H. an activation / deactivation of the Display element, can also be done on site. Stand there but usually only very small fields are available. The Saturation achieved is said to differ only slightly from the value at high Magnetizing fields differ in order to have the same behavior guarantee the display elements.
Die Anzeigeelemente müssen so beschaffen sein, daß sie in der Nähe der Spulen in den Detektionsschleusen in Folge eines dort erhöhten und eventuellen in Gegenrichtung orientierten Feldes nur wenig ihre Remanenz Br ändern. Wie aus der Figur 1 zu sehen ist, weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen eine solche geforderte Gegenfeldstabilität auf.The display elements must be such that they do not change their remanence B r very much in the vicinity of the coils in the detection locks as a result of a field which is elevated there and possibly oriented in the opposite direction. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the alloys according to the invention have such a required counter field stability.
Schließlich müssen die Anzeigeelemente sich mit relativ kleinen Feldern entmagnetisieren lassen, d.h. bei magnetoelastischen Anzeigeelementen deaktivieren bzw. bei harmonischen Anzeigeelementen aktivieren, lassen. Die Figur 2 veranschaulicht diese Zusammenhänge bei den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen.Finally, the display elements need to be relatively small Allow fields to demagnetize, i.e. with magnetoelastic Deactivate display elements or for harmonic display elements activate, leave. Figure 2 illustrates these relationships in the alloys according to the invention.
Die gleichzeitige Erfüllung der zuletzt genannten drei Forderungen ergibt für die zugänglichen Bereiche der Koerzitivkräfte Hc sehr starke Einschränkungen, da die drei Forderungen gegenläufig sind.The simultaneous fulfillment of the last three requirements mentioned results in very strong restrictions for the accessible areas of the coercive forces H c , since the three requirements are opposed.
Die Legierungen nach der vorliegenden Erfindung werden typischerweise durch Gießen einer Schmelze aus den Legierungsbestandteilen in einem Tiegel oder Ofen unter Vacuum oder unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre hergestellt. Die Temperaturen liegen dabei bei ca. 1600°C.The alloys of the present invention are typically by casting a melt from the alloy components in a crucible or oven under vacuum or under a protective gas atmosphere. The temperatures are at about 1600 ° C.
Der Abguß erfolgt typischerweise in eine Rundkokille. Die Gußbarren aus den vorliegenden Legierungen werden dann typischerweise durch Warmverformung, Zwischenglühen, Kaltverformung und weiteren Zwischenglühen bearbeitet. Das Zwischenglühen erfolgt zwecks Homogenisierung, Kornverfeinerung, Verformung oder der Ausbildung wünschenswerter mechanischer Eigenschaften, insbesondere einer hohen Duktilität.The casting is typically done in a round mold. The Cast ingots made from the present alloys then become typical through hot working, intermediate annealing, cold working and further intermediate annealing. The intermediate glow takes place for the purpose of homogenization, grain refinement, deformation or the development of desirable mechanical properties, especially high ductility.
Eine hervorragende Struktur wird beispielsweise durch folgende Bearbeitung erreicht:An excellent structure is, for example, by the following Processing reached:
Warmbehandlung bei vorzugsweise Temperaturen oberhalb 800°C, schnelles Abkühlen und Anlassen. Bevorzugte Anlaßtemperaturen liegen bei 400°C bis 600°C und die Anlaßzeiten typischerweise bei einer Minute bis 24 Stunden. Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen ist insbesondere eine Kaltverformung entsprechend einer Querschnittsverringerung von mindestens 60 % vor dem Anlassen möglich.Heat treatment at preferably temperatures above 800 ° C, rapid cooling and starting. Preferred tempering temperatures are around 400 ° C to 600 ° C and the starting times are typical from one minute to 24 hours. With the invention Alloys are especially cold worked a reduction in cross section of at least 60% before Starting possible.
Durch den Schritt des Anlassens wird die Koerzitivkraft und die Rechteckigkeit der magnetischen B-H-Schleife erhöht, was für die Anforderungen an Vormagnetisierungsstreifen wesentlich ist. Through the step of tempering, the coercive force and the squareness of the magnetic B-H loop increases what essential for the requirements for bias strips is.
Das Herstellverfahren für besonders gute Vormagnetisierungsstreifen
umfaßt folgende Schritte:
Mit diesen Verfahren wurden Aktivierungsstreifen hergestellt, die eine ausgezeichnete Koerzitivkraft Hc und eine sehr gute Remanenz Br aufwiesen. Die Magnetisierungseigenschaften und die Gegenfeldstabilität waren hervorragend.With these methods, activation strips were produced which had an excellent coercive force H c and a very good remanence B r . The magnetization properties and the counter field stability were excellent.
Die Herstellung von Fe-Ni-Al-Ti-Aktivierungsstreifen der in Rede stehenden Art ist nun anhand der folgenden Beispiele eingehend beschrieben:The production of Fe-Ni-Al-Ti activation strips of the in The type in question is now based on the following examples described in detail:
Eine Legierung mit 18,0 Gew.-% Nickel, 3,8 Gew.-% Aluminium, 1,0 Gew.-% Titan und Rest Eisen wurden unter Vacuum erschmolzen. Der resultierende Gußbarren wurde bei ca. 1000°C warmgewalzt, bei 1100°C für eine Stunde zwischengeglüht und in Wasser schnell abgekühlt. Nach einem anschließenden Kaltwalzen mit einer Querschnittsverringerung von 80 % wurde das resultierende Band nochmals bei 1100°C für eine Stunde zwischengeglüht und in Wasser schnell abgekühlt. Nach einem weiteren Kaltverformen mit einer Querschnittsverringerung von 50 % wurde das Band bei 650°C für vier Stunden zwischengeglüht. Entsprechend einer Querschnittsverringerung von 90 % wurde das Band danach kaltgewalzt und für drei Stunden bei 520°C angelassen und an Luft gekühlt. Es wurde eine Koerzitivkraft Hc gleich 23 A/cm sowie eine Remanenz Br gleich 1,48 T gemessen.An alloy with 18.0% by weight of nickel, 3.8% by weight of aluminum, 1.0% by weight of titanium and the rest of iron were melted under vacuum. The resulting cast ingot was hot rolled at about 1000 ° C, annealed at 1100 ° C for one hour and quickly cooled in water. After a subsequent cold rolling with a cross-sectional reduction of 80%, the resulting strip was again annealed at 1100 ° C for one hour and quickly cooled in water. After a further cold working with a cross-section reduction of 50%, the strip was annealed at 650 ° C for four hours. In accordance with a reduction in cross-section of 90%, the strip was then cold rolled and tempered for three hours at 520 ° C. and cooled in air. A coercive force H c equal to 23 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.48 T were measured.
Eine Legierung mit 15,0 Gew.-% Nickel, 3,0 Gew.-% Aluminium, 1,2 Gew.-% Titan und Rest Eisen wurden wie nach Beispiel 1 bearbeitet, jedoch mit einer letzten Zwischenglühung bei 700°C, einer letzten Kaltverformung entsprechend einer Querschnittsverringerung von 70 % sowie einer Schlußglühung bei 500°C. Es wurde eine Koerzitivkraft Hc gleich 21 A/cm und eine Remanenz Br gleich 1,45 T gemessen.An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 3.0% by weight of aluminum, 1.2% by weight of titanium and the rest of iron was processed as in Example 1, but with a final intermediate annealing at 700 ° C, one last cold deformation corresponding to a cross-sectional reduction of 70% and a final annealing at 500 ° C. A coercive force H c equal to 21 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.45 T were measured.
Es wurde eine Legierung mit 15,0 Gew.-% Nickel, 3,0 Gew.-% Aluminium, 1,2 Gew.-% Titan und Rest Eisen wie in Beispiel 2 hergestellt. Abweichend davon erfolgte die letzte Zwischenglühung bei 650°C, die letzte Kaltverformung entsprechend einer Querschnittsverringerung von 85 % und die Anlaßbehandlung bei 480°C. Es wurde eine Koerzitivkraft Hc gleich 20 A/cm und eine Remanenz Br gleich 1,53 T gemessen.An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 3.0% by weight of aluminum, 1.2% by weight of titanium and the rest of iron was produced as in Example 2. Deviating from this, the last intermediate annealing was carried out at 650 ° C, the last cold working corresponding to a cross-sectional reduction of 85% and the tempering treatment at 480 ° C. A coercive force H c equal to 20 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.53 T were measured.
Es wurde eine Legierung mit 15,0 Gew.-% Nickel, 3,0 Gew.-% Aluminium, 1,2 Gew.-% Titan, 2,0 Gew.-% Molybdän und Rest Eisen wie in Beispiel 2 hergestellt. Nach einer Anlaßbehandlung bei 480°C wurde eine Koerzitivkraft Hc gleich 20 A/cm und eine Remanenz Br gleich 1,56 T gemessen. An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 3.0% by weight of aluminum, 1.2% by weight of titanium, 2.0% by weight of molybdenum and the rest of iron was produced as in Example 2. After an annealing treatment at 480 ° C, a coercive force H c equal to 20 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.56 T were measured.
Es wurde eine Legierung mit 15,0 Gew.-% Nickel, 2,0 Gew.-% Aluminium, 0,8 Gew.-% Titan und Rest Eisen unter Vacuum erschmolzen. Der resultierende Gußbarren wurde bei ca. 1000°C warmgewalzt, bei 900°C für eine Stunde zwischengeglüht und in Wasser schnell abgekühlt. Nach einem anschließenden Kaltwalzen mit einer Querschnittsverringerung von 90 % wurde das resultierende Band bei 650°C für vier Stunden zwischengeglüht. Entsprechend einer Querschnittsverringerung von 95 % wurde das Band danach kaltgewalzt und für drei Stunden bei 460°C angelassen und luftgekühlt. Es wurde eine Koerzitivkraft Hc gleich 14 A/cm und eine Remanenz Br gleich 1,46 T gemessen.An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 2.0% by weight of aluminum, 0.8% by weight of titanium and the rest of iron was melted under vacuum. The resulting cast ingot was hot rolled at about 1000 ° C, annealed at 900 ° C for one hour and quickly cooled in water. After a subsequent cold rolling with a cross-section reduction of 90%, the resulting strip was annealed at 650 ° C for four hours. After a reduction in cross section of 95%, the strip was then cold rolled and tempered for three hours at 460 ° C. and air-cooled. A coercive force H c equal to 14 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.46 T were measured.
Es wurde eine Legierung mit 15,0 Gew.-% Nickel, 2,5 Gew.-% Aluminium, 1,2 Gew.-% Titan und Rest Eisen wie im Beispiel 5 hergestellt, jedoch mit einer Querschnittsverringerung von 83 % und einer Anlaßbehandlung bei 420°C. Es wurde eine Koerzitivkraft Hc gleich 17 A/cm und eine Remanenz Br gleich 1,44 T gemessen.An alloy with 15.0% by weight of nickel, 2.5% by weight of aluminum, 1.2% by weight of titanium and the rest of iron was produced as in Example 5, but with a cross-sectional reduction of 83% and an annealing treatment at 420 ° C. A coercive force H c equal to 17 A / cm and a remanence B r equal to 1.44 T were measured.
Bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen ergab sich ein befriedigendes Magnetisierungsverhalten und eine brauchbare Gegenfeldstabilität.A satisfactory result was found in all of the exemplary embodiments Magnetization behavior and a useful counter field stability.
Claims (3)
- Display element for use in a magnetic anti-theft system consisting of:1. an elongated alarm strip consisting of an amorphous ferromagnetic alloy and at least2. one activation strip consisting of a medium-hard magnetic alloy,a) the medium-hard magnetic alloy consists of
8 to 25 % by weight Ni 0.5 to 3 % by weight Ti
1.5 to 4.5 % by weight Al with the remainder Fe
andb) the alloy may furthermore contain0 to 5 % by weight Co and/or 0 to 3 % by weight Mo or Cr and/orat least one of the elements Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, W, Mn and Si with an individual content of less than 0.5 % by weight of the alloys and a total content of less than 1 % by weight of the alloy and/orat least one of the elements C, N, S, P, B, H and 0 with an individual content of less than 0.2 % by weight of the alloy and a total content of less than 1 % by weight of the alloy, andc) the medium-hard magnetic alloy displays a coercive force Hc of 10 to 24 A/cm and remanence Br of at least 1.3 T (13 000 gauss). - Display element according to claim 1, characterised in that the medium-hard magnetic alloy consists of
13 to 17 % by weight Ni 0.5 to 1.5 % by weight Ti
1.8 to 2.8 % by weight Al with the remainder Fe. - Process for the production of an activation strip according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised by the following steps:1. melting the alloy in vacuo or in an inert-gas atmosphere and then casting it to form an ingot;2. hot working the ingot to form a strip at temperatures in excess of approximately 800°C;3. interannealing the strip at a temperature in excess of approximately 800°C;4. rapid cooling;5. cold working corresponding to a cross-sectional reduction of approximately 90%;6. interannealing at approximately 700°C;7. cold working corresponding to a cross-sectional reduction of at least 85 %;8. tempering at a temperature of approximately 480°C, and9. cutting the activation strips to length.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19732872A DE19732872C2 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1997-07-30 | Display element for use in a magnetic anti-theft system |
DE19732872 | 1997-07-30 | ||
PCT/DE1998/001984 WO1999006977A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1998-07-15 | Display element for use in a magnetic anti-theft system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0929883A1 EP0929883A1 (en) | 1999-07-21 |
EP0929883B1 true EP0929883B1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=7837405
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98944989A Expired - Lifetime EP0929883B1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1998-07-15 | Display element for use in a magnetic anti-theft system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6663981B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0929883B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3288725B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19732872C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2209204T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999006977A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6803118B2 (en) * | 1997-07-30 | 2004-10-12 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Marker for use in a magnetic anti-theft security system |
US6011475A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-01-04 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Method of annealing amorphous ribbons and marker for electronic article surveillance |
DE19836462A1 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-17 | Meto International Gmbh | Security element for electronic article security has semi-strong or strong magnetic material arranged to suppress weak magnetic material's characteristic signal when magnetized |
CN100447911C (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-12-31 | 李霖 | Soft magnetic material offset piece manufacturing method and anti-theft acoustic magnetic label using the same |
DE102006047022B4 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-04-02 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Display element for a magnetic anti-theft system and method for its production |
US7432815B2 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2008-10-07 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Marker for a magnetic theft protection system and method for its production |
WO2010016641A1 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-11 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Hydrogen production method from water by thermochemical cycles using germanium oxide |
KR101001873B1 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2010-12-17 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Hydrogen Production method from Water by Thermochemical Cycles Using Germanium Oxide |
DE102009043462A1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetic strip, sensor comprising a magnetic strip and method of making a magnetic strip |
DE102009043539A1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-21 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetic strip, sensor comprising a magnetic strip and method of making a magnetic strip |
CN102298815B (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2014-03-12 | 宁波讯强电子科技有限公司 | High coercive force offset sheet, manufacturing method thereof and acoustic magnetic anti-theft label manufactured by utilizing same |
US9500720B2 (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2016-11-22 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Semi-hard magnetic material and theft-prevention magnetic sensor using same and method of manufacturing semi-hard magnetic material |
CN104364321A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-02-18 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Halogenated catalysts comprising Salan ligands |
US10214368B2 (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2019-02-26 | NJM Packaging Inc. | System using magnetic coupling to move a carriage |
DE102016222781A1 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-24 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Semi-hard magnetic alloy for an activation strip, display element and method for producing a semi-hard magnetic alloy |
US11914713B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2024-02-27 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Access to firmware settings with asymmetric cryptography |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US543506A (en) * | 1895-07-30 | Door lock and latch | ||
US592068A (en) * | 1897-10-19 | Wrench | ||
US594885A (en) * | 1897-12-07 | Steam-trap | ||
US4484184A (en) | 1979-04-23 | 1984-11-20 | Allied Corporation | Amorphous antipilferage marker |
US4553136A (en) * | 1983-02-04 | 1985-11-12 | Allied Corporation | Amorphous antipilferage marker |
DE3545547A1 (en) * | 1985-12-21 | 1987-07-02 | B & S Metalpraecis Gmbh | Ball cock as a shut-off and regulating fitting for flows of gaseous and liquid substances, particularly those containing abrasive solids |
DE3545647A1 (en) | 1985-12-21 | 1987-06-25 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | DEACTIVATE SECURITY LABEL FOR ANTI-THEFT SECURITY SYSTEMS |
US4864618A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1989-09-05 | Wright Technologies, L.P. | Automated transaction system with modular printhead having print authentication feature |
JP2713711B2 (en) * | 1987-11-17 | 1998-02-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | Security sensor marker |
DE68908184T2 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1993-11-25 | Allied Signal Inc | GLASS-LIKE METAL ALLOY FOR MECHANICAL RESONANT SECURITY MARKING SYSTEMS. |
US5216229A (en) * | 1989-06-05 | 1993-06-01 | Rand Mcnally & Company | Verifiable object having incremental key |
US5550932A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1996-08-27 | Pierce Companies, Inc. | Method for encoding MICR documents |
US5371798A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-12-06 | Mcwhortor; William F. | System and method for enhancing detection of counterfeit financial transaction documents |
US5668897A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1997-09-16 | Stolfo; Salvatore J. | Method and apparatus for imaging, image processing and data compression merge/purge techniques for document image databases |
GB2288476A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-18 | Ibm | Authentication of printed documents. |
US5673320A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1997-09-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for image-based validations of printed documents |
JP3540511B2 (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 2004-07-07 | 株式会社東芝 | Electronic signature verification device |
US5801365A (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-09-01 | Katz; Richard B. | Fund raising by discounted collection on special issue checks |
US6021491A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2000-02-01 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Digital signatures for data streams and data archives |
US6157301A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2000-12-05 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Marker for use in a magnetic electronic article surveillance system |
US6111953A (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 2000-08-29 | Walker Digital, Llc | Method and apparatus for authenticating a document |
DE19740908C1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-08-05 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Indicator for use in a magnetic anti-theft system and method of making an activation strip therefor |
US6073121A (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-06-06 | Ramzy; Emil Y. | Check fraud prevention system |
-
1997
- 1997-07-30 DE DE19732872A patent/DE19732872C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-07-15 JP JP51036399A patent/JP3288725B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-15 EP EP98944989A patent/EP0929883B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-15 WO PCT/DE1998/001984 patent/WO1999006977A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-15 ES ES98944989T patent/ES2209204T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-15 US US09/269,490 patent/US6663981B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-02-21 US US10/371,894 patent/US6689490B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0929883A1 (en) | 1999-07-21 |
WO1999006977A1 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
US20030129445A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
US6663981B1 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
DE19732872C2 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
JP2001502759A (en) | 2001-02-27 |
JP3288725B2 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
ES2209204T3 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
DE19732872A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
US6689490B2 (en) | 2004-02-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0929883B1 (en) | Display element for use in a magnetic anti-theft system | |
DE3855778T4 (en) | Anti-theft sensor marking | |
EP1208244B1 (en) | Nickel-based metallic material and method for producing same | |
DE69706083T2 (en) | Iron-nickel alloy and cold-rolled strip with a cubic texture | |
EP0944910B1 (en) | Display unit for use in a magnetic anti-theft system | |
DE10320350B3 (en) | Soft magnetic iron-based alloy used as a material for magnetic bearings and rotors, e.g. in electric motors and in aircraft construction contains alloying additions of cobalt, vanadium and zirconium | |
DE19740908C1 (en) | Indicator for use in a magnetic anti-theft system and method of making an activation strip therefor | |
DE2307464A1 (en) | IRON ALLOYS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF | |
DE3014699A1 (en) | Magnetically anisotropic alloys by deformation processing | |
DE69725497T2 (en) | Method of making magnetic tapes | |
DE3841748C2 (en) | ||
DE2928059C2 (en) | ||
DE69703090T2 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MAGNETIC OBJECT FROM A FERROMAGNETIC DUPLEX ALLOY | |
US6803118B2 (en) | Marker for use in a magnetic anti-theft security system | |
DE4009010A1 (en) | Antitheft magnetic security strip | |
WO2018091541A1 (en) | Semi-hard magnetic alloy for an activation strip, display element, and method for producing a semi-hard magnetic alloy | |
DE102006047022A1 (en) | Display device for magnetic anti theft system, comprises elongated alarm strip with amorphous ferromagnetic alloy and one elongated activation strip, where activation strip comprises molybdenum free semi rigid magnetic alloy | |
DE60021693T2 (en) | HOT-ROLLED ELECTRO-PLATE WITH EXCELLENT MAGNETIC AND CORROSION PROPERTIES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | |
DE102009043539A9 (en) | Magnetic strip, sensor comprising a magnetic strip and method of making a magnetic strip | |
DE2225020A1 (en) | Age hardenable nickel iron alloy - with high hardness | |
EP0634759A2 (en) | Semi-hard and deformable iron based permanent magnet alloy | |
EP0557689A2 (en) | Method for manufacturing a magnetic pulse generator | |
DE2513921C2 (en) | Semi-hard magnetic alloy and its manufacture | |
DE102006047021B4 (en) | Display element for a magnetic anti-theft system and method for its production | |
DE2746785A1 (en) | Magnetic chromium-cobalt-iron alloys - used for electromechanical transducers being cold shaped in air |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): ES FR GB IE IT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990319 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): ES FR GB IE IT SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: GERMAN |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2209204 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20040625 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20120720 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20130722 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20130729 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130715 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140715 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20150827 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140716 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20160726 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20170728 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20170727 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170716 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20180714 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20180714 |