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EP0926646B1 - Optical smoke detector - Google Patents

Optical smoke detector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0926646B1
EP0926646B1 EP97122894A EP97122894A EP0926646B1 EP 0926646 B1 EP0926646 B1 EP 0926646B1 EP 97122894 A EP97122894 A EP 97122894A EP 97122894 A EP97122894 A EP 97122894A EP 0926646 B1 EP0926646 B1 EP 0926646B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
receiver
smoke alarm
light source
alarm according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97122894A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0926646B8 (en
EP0926646A1 (en
Inventor
Kurt Dr. Hess
Peter Kunz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PT97122894T priority Critical patent/PT926646E/en
Priority to DE59711621T priority patent/DE59711621D1/en
Priority to DK97122894T priority patent/DK0926646T3/en
Priority to AT97122894T priority patent/ATE284603T1/en
Priority to EP97122894A priority patent/EP0926646B8/en
Application filed by Siemens Building Technologies AG filed Critical Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority to ES97122894T priority patent/ES2221946T3/en
Publication of EP0926646A1 publication Critical patent/EP0926646A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0926646B1 publication Critical patent/EP0926646B1/en
Publication of EP0926646B8 publication Critical patent/EP0926646B8/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical smoke detector with a detector insert, an optics module and an evaluation circuit, the optics module being a light source, a Measuring chamber and a light receiver connected to the evaluation circuit.
  • the invention is now intended to provide a stray light detector with a significantly improved Response behavior to open fires can be specified.
  • the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the light source in the range of blue or red light and is preferably 460 nm or 660 nm.
  • Backscatter is known to be scattered light detectors with a scattering angle of over 90 °, which better recognize open fires, but where the receiver signal only one Fraction of the receiver signal from forward spreaders is.
  • the reason for this improved Detection of open fires is likely to be due to the shorter wavelengths Smaller aerosols, such as those that arise especially in the case of open fires, very much can be better detected.
  • the optics module is designed so that it goes from the light receiver to the evaluation circuit emitted signal a function of the impinging on it, in a Plane is polarized stray light.
  • the light source and the light receiver are arranged such that their optical axes lie in a common horizontal plane and to each other are kinked.
  • labyrinth parts serve the radiation of the light source and the Limit the field of view of the light receiver and light coming from outside at the entrance in the measuring chamber. The better the labyrinth fulfills these functions, the more it hinders the penetration of smoke into the measuring chamber, thereby the detector may only respond after a certain delay.
  • the invention should now also the smoke penetration behavior in the measuring chamber can be significantly improved.
  • Smoke detector solved that the arrangement of light source and light receiver is selected so that the optical axes of the transmitter and the receiver Beam path spanned plane runs obliquely to the horizontal plane.
  • the axis of the beam path on the receiver side preferably runs vertically to that of the beam path on the transmitter side.
  • the field of view of the receiver depends on the "line of sight” the bottom or the cover of the measuring chamber or the detector can be limited to the labyrinth can be almost completely dispensed with, so that a practically unhindered Smoke entry into the measuring chamber is made possible.
  • a polarization filter is arranged in front of the light receiver 5, which only contains the polarization component perpendicular to the scattering plane (this is the plane in which the optical axes of light source 4 and light receiver 5) passes, or if the measuring chamber 3 is exposed to polarized light.
  • polarization filters and polarized light is applied to CH-A-682 428 directed.
  • the switch 14 is controlled by the control stage 10 in such a way that the received signal U e is transmitted to one integrator, for example to the integrator 15, during the duration of the pulses and to the other integrator, for example to the integrator 15 ', during the pulse pauses. is directed. During any pauses in transmission between the pulse trains or pulse packets, the switch 14 remains in a neutral position in which neither of the two integrators 15 or 15 'is acted upon by the received signal.
  • the switch 14 is preferably formed by a controlled switch.
  • the useful signal U n is fed on the one hand to a comparator 18 and on the other hand to the one input of a second modulator 19, the second input of which is connected to the control stage 10 and the output of which is led via a resistor 20 to the input of the current / voltage converter 12.
  • This control loop can be compared to a self-balancing bridge circuit. If properly set up, this circuit allows the resolution of photo currents down to the picoampere range.
  • the comparator 18 compares the useful signal U n with at least one threshold value and delivers a corresponding signal to an alarm output 21 when it
  • a measuring channel it is also possible instead of a measuring channel to provide two measuring channels, one of which, for example, has a conventional design is and an infrared transmitter diode 4 and a receive diode 5 and the other one contains colored LED and / or a polarization filter 22.
  • the polarization filter 22 can also be arranged between transmitter diode 4 and measuring chamber 3.
  • the optical axis of the beam path on the receiver side runs vertically from top to bottom, but it could also run in the opposite direction and their angle of inclination to the optical axis of the beam path could also be be smaller or larger than 90 °. It is essential that the optical axis of the receiver Ray goose is oriented so that the recipient's field of vision is not through one component that inhibits the entry of smoke into the measuring chamber must be limited.
  • the detector insert 2 has essentially the shape of a flat, open at the top round box, in the interior of a circuit board (not shown) with the evaluation electronics is arranged.
  • a detector hood 23 is put over the detector insert 2, which is provided with smoke entry slots 24.
  • the cover 27 carries an upwardly projecting against the bottom of the detector insert 2 Light barrier 28.
  • the measuring chamber is between the light source 4 and the light barrier 28 3 formed.
  • the side wall 8 of the lid 27 is largely except for the light barrier 28 open, which ensures that smoke can enter the measuring chamber as freely as possible 3 is guaranteed.
  • the light receiver 5, the aperture 30 and optionally the lens 31 define the optical axis of the beam path on the receiver side, which runs in the vertical direction and perpendicularly crosses the horizontal optical axis on the transmitter side.
  • the light receiver 5 thus looks, as it were, from above onto the beam of rays emitted by the light source 4.
  • the spreading space forming the actual measuring range in the cutting area of the senderund of the radiation beam on the receiver side is designated by reference numeral 32.
  • the field of view of the light receiver 5 is through the bottom of the cover 27 and through the detector hood 23 limits and direct irradiation of the light receiver 5 with External light is prevented by the aperture 30.
  • the side wall 27 loses their previous functions and can be omitted, reducing the penetration behavior of smoke and aerosols in the measuring chamber 3 is markedly improved.
  • the above a short area of the side wall of the cover 27 still existing and from the Functionally not necessarily necessary light barrier 28 has the penetration behavior practically no influence from smoke.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

The smoke detector has an alarm insert (2), an optical module (1) and an evaluation circuit, whereby the optical module has a light source (4), a measurement chamber (3) and a light receiver (5) connected to the evaluation circuit. The light source is designed to emit a beam in the visible wavelength range. The wavelength of the light emitted by the light source lies in the range of blue or red light and is pref. 460 or 660 nm.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen optischen Rauchmelder mit einem Meldereinsatz, einem Optikmodul und einer Auswerteschaltung, wobei das Optikmodul eine Lichtquelle, eine Messkammer und einen mit der Auswerteschaltung verbundenen Lichtempfänger aufweist.The present invention relates to an optical smoke detector with a detector insert, an optics module and an evaluation circuit, the optics module being a light source, a Measuring chamber and a light receiver connected to the evaluation circuit.

Diese als Streulichtmelder bekannten Rauchmelder, bei denen die Lichtquelle durch eine Infrarotdiode gebildet wird, sind überall dort besonders vorteilhaft einsetzbar, wo ein Feuer mit einer entsprechenden Rauchentwicklung verbunden ist. So werden beispielsweise Schwelbrände wesentlich früher erkannt als mit anderen Detektionsprinzipien. Andererseits ist es bekannt, dass Streulichtmelder nicht das allerbeste Ansprechverhalten auf offene Brände aufweisen, so dass hier ein gewisser Verbesserungsbedarf besteht.These smoke detectors known as scattered light detectors, in which the light source through a Infrared diode is formed, can be used particularly advantageously wherever there is a fire a corresponding smoke development is connected. For example, smoldering fires detected much earlier than with other detection principles. On the other hand, it is known that stray light detectors do not have the very best response to open fires have, so that there is a certain need for improvement here.

Durch die Erfindung soll nun ein Streulichtmelder mit einem signifikant verbesserten Ansprechverhalten auf offene Brände angegeben werden.The invention is now intended to provide a stray light detector with a significantly improved Response behavior to open fires can be specified.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Lichtquelle zur Aussendung einer Strahlung im Wellenlängenbereich des sichtbaren Lichts ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the light source for transmission radiation in the wavelength range of visible light.

In der Publikation von D. S. Goodman: "Method for localizing light scattered particles", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Bd. 27, Nr. 5, Oktober 1984, Seite 3164 XP002066860 ist eine Methode zum Zählen einezelner Partikel beschrieben, indem zwei einander kreuzende Lichtstrahlen unterschiedlicher Farbe ausgesandt warden, deren Schnittbereich dasjenige Volumen definiert, in welchem Partikel gesehen warden können.In the publication by D. S. Goodman: "Method for localizing light scattered particles", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 5, October 1984, page 3164 XP002066860 is one Method for counting single particles described by two crossing each other Light rays of different colors are sent, the area of intersection of which Volume defines in which particles can be seen.

Bei einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders liegt die Wellenlänge der von der Lichtquelle ausgesandten Strahlung im Bereich von blauem oder rotem Licht und beträgt vorzugsweise 460 nm beziehungsweise 660 nm.In a first preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the light source in the range of blue or red light and is preferably 460 nm or 660 nm.

Praktische Versuche haben ergeben, dass Streulichtmelder mit einer roten Sender-Diode ein deutlich besseres und solche mit einer blauen Sender-Diode ein markant besseres Ansprechverhalten auf offene Brände aufweisen. Das Ansprechverhalten wird durch die Verwendung der Licht im genannten Wellenlängenbereich aussendenden Sender-Dioden so weit verbessert, dass die Detektionseigenschaften der so ausgerüsteten Streulichtmelder für offene Brände in die Nähe von Ionisationsmeldern oder von sogenannten Rückwärtsstreuem gelangt. Practical tests have shown that stray light detectors with a red transmitter diode significantly better and those with a blue transmitter diode a markedly better one Have responsiveness to open fires. The response behavior is determined by the Use of the transmitter diodes emitting light in the stated wavelength range greatly improved that the detection properties of the scattered light detectors thus equipped for open fires in the vicinity of ionization detectors or so-called backscatter arrives.

Rückwärtsstreuer sind bekanntlich Streulichtmelder mit einem Streuwinkel von über 90°, die offene Brände besser erkennen, bei denen aber das Empfängersignal nur einen Bruchteil des Empfängersignals von Vorwärtsstreuern beträgt. Der Grund für diese verbesserte Detektion von offenen Bränden dürfte darin liegen, dass bei den kürzeren Wellenlängen kleinere Aerosole, wie sie vor allem bei offenen Bränden entstehen, sehr viel besser detektiert werden können.Backscatter is known to be scattered light detectors with a scattering angle of over 90 °, which better recognize open fires, but where the receiver signal only one Fraction of the receiver signal from forward spreaders is. The reason for this improved Detection of open fires is likely to be due to the shorter wavelengths Smaller aerosols, such as those that arise especially in the case of open fires, very much can be better detected.

Das Ansprechverhalten auf offene Brände kann noch weiter verbessert werden, wenn gemäss einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders das Optikmodul so ausgebildet ist, dass das vom Lichtempfänger an die Auswerteschaltung abgegebene Signal eine Funktion des auf diesen auftreffenden, in einer Ebene polarisierten Streulichts ist.The response to open fires can be further improved if according to a second preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention the optics module is designed so that it goes from the light receiver to the evaluation circuit emitted signal a function of the impinging on it, in a Plane is polarized stray light.

Eine dritte bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Auswerteschaltung eine Überlagerung des Signals des Lichtempfängers mit einem Kompensationssignal erfolgt, welches so gewählt ist, dass das Signal des Lichtempfängers auf den Wert null ausgeregelt wird.A third preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that a superimposition of the signal in the evaluation circuit of the light receiver with a compensation signal, which is selected so that the signal of the light receiver is adjusted to zero.

Bei den bekannten Streulichtmeldern, wie beispielsweise bei dem in der DE-A-44 12 212 beschriebenen, sind die die Lichtquelle und der Lichtempfänger so angeordnet, dass ihre optischen Achsen in einer gemeinsamen horizontalen Ebene liegen und zueinander geknickt sind. Entlang des Seitenrandes des dosenförmig ausgebildeten Optikmoduls sind Labyrinthteile vorgesehen, die dazu dienen, die Strahlung der Lichtquelle und das Blickfeld des Lichtempfängers zu begrenzen und von aussen kommendes Licht am Eintritt in die Messkammer zu hindern. Je besser das Labyrinth diese Funktionen erfüllt, desto mehr behindert es aber das Eindringen von Rauch in die Messkammer, wodurch unter Umständen der Melder erst nach einer gewissen Verzögerung anspricht.In the known scattered light detectors, such as that in DE-A-44 12 212 described, the the light source and the light receiver are arranged such that their optical axes lie in a common horizontal plane and to each other are kinked. Along the side edge of the can-shaped optical module labyrinth parts are provided, which serve the radiation of the light source and the Limit the field of view of the light receiver and light coming from outside at the entrance in the measuring chamber. The better the labyrinth fulfills these functions, the more it hinders the penetration of smoke into the measuring chamber, thereby the detector may only respond after a certain delay.

Durch die Erfindung soll nun auch das Eindringverhalten von Rauch in die Messkammer signifikant verbessert werden.The invention should now also the smoke penetration behavior in the measuring chamber can be significantly improved.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer vierten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders dadurch gelöst, dass die Anordnung von Lichtquelle und Lichtempfänger so gewählt ist, dass die von den optischen Achsen des sender- und des empfängerseitigen Strahlengangs aufgespannte Ebene schräg zur Horizontalebene verläuft.This object is achieved in a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention Smoke detector solved that the arrangement of light source and light receiver is selected so that the optical axes of the transmitter and the receiver Beam path spanned plane runs obliquely to the horizontal plane.

Vorzugsweise verläuft die Achse des empfängerseitigen Strahlengangs vertikal zu derjenigen des senderseitigen Strahlengangs.The axis of the beam path on the receiver side preferably runs vertically to that of the beam path on the transmitter side.

Da bei dieser Anordnung das Blickfeld des Empfängers je nach "Blickrichtung" durch den Boden oder den Deckel der Messkammer oder des Melders begrenzt wird, kann auf das Labyrinth nahezu vollständig verzichtet werden, so dass ein praktisch ungehinderter Raucheintritt in die Messkammer ermöglicht wird.Because with this arrangement the field of view of the receiver depends on the "line of sight" the bottom or the cover of the measuring chamber or the detector can be limited to the labyrinth can be almost completely dispensed with, so that a practically unhindered Smoke entry into the measuring chamber is made possible.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der Zeichnungen näher erläutert; es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine vereinfachte Ansicht des Optikmoduls eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Streulichtmelder,
Fig. 2
ein Blockschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Auswerteschaltung des Streulichtmelders von Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Streulichtmelders,
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt durch ein dritten Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemässen Streulichtrauchmelder im Niveau der optischen Achse der Lichtquelle mit Blickrichtung gegen den Meldersockel; und
Fig. 5
einen schematischen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V von Fig. 4.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments and the drawings; it shows:
Fig. 1
3 shows a simplified view of the optical module of a first exemplary embodiment of a scattered light detector according to the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the evaluation circuit of the scattered light detector from FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
1 shows a schematic illustration of a second exemplary embodiment of a scattered light detector according to the invention,
Fig. 4
a cross section through a third embodiment of a scattered light smoke detector according to the invention in the level of the optical axis of the light source with a direction of view against the detector base; and
Fig. 5
a schematic section along the line VV of Fig. 4th

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Optikmodul 1 ist Teil eines Meldereinsatzes 2, der in einem vorzugsweise an der Decke des zu überwachenden Raumes montierten Sockel (nicht dargestellt) befestigbar ist. Das Optikmodul 1 besteht im wesentlichen aus einer optoelektronischen Messkammer 3 mit einer durch eine Leuchtdiode (LED) gebildeten Lichtquelle 4, einem ebenfalls durch eine Diode gebildeten Lichtempfänger 5, einer zentralen Blende 6 und einem sogenannten Labyrinth 7. Die zentrale Blende 6 verhindert, dass Lichtstrahlen auf direktem Weg von der Lichtquelle 4 zum Lichtempfänger 5 gelangen können, und das Labyrinth 7 dient als Lichtbarriere zur Begrenzung des Blickfelds des Lichtempfängers 5. Die Messkammer 3 ist durch eine Seitenwand 8 und durch einen nicht dargestellten Deckel lichtdicht abgeschlossen. Dieser Melderaufbau ist bekannt und wird hier nicht näher beschrieben. Es wird in diesem Zusammenhang auf die EP-A-0 772 170 und auf die Internationale Anmeldung PCT/CH 97/00269 verwiesen.The optics module 1 shown in Fig. 1 is part of a detector insert 2, which in one preferably mounted on the ceiling of the room to be monitored (not shown) is attachable. The optics module 1 consists essentially of an optoelectronic Measuring chamber 3 with a light emitting diode (LED) Light source 4, a light receiver 5 also formed by a diode, a central one Aperture 6 and a so-called labyrinth 7. The central aperture 6 prevents that light rays go directly from the light source 4 to the light receiver 5 can, and the labyrinth 7 serves as a light barrier to limit the field of view of the light receiver 5. The measuring chamber 3 is through a side wall 8 and completed a cover, not shown, light-tight. This detector structure is known and will not be described here. It is in this context on the EP-A-0 772 170 and to the international application PCT / CH 97/00269.

Die optischen Achsen der Lichtquelle 4 und des Lichtempfängers 5 liegen nicht auf einer gemeinsamen Geraden, sondern weisen einen geknickten Verlauf auf, wobei die zentrale Blende 6 nahe beim Schnittpunkt dieser beiden Achsen angeordnet ist. Das Labyrinth 7 unterdrückt das sogenannte Untergrundlicht, welches von unerwünschten Streuungen oder Reflexionen verursacht ist. Je besser dieses Untergrundlicht unterdrückt wird, desto tiefer ist der Grundpuls, das ist dasjenige Signal, das detektiert wird, wenn in der Messkammer 3 keine lichtstreuenden Partikel vorhanden sind. Der Schnittbereich des von der Lichtquelle 4 ausgesandten Strahlenbündels und des Gesichtsfeldes des Lichtempfängers 5 bildet den nachstehend als Streuraum bezeichneten eigentlichen Messbereich.The optical axes of the light source 4 and the light receiver 5 are not on a common straight line, but have a bent course, the central aperture 6 is arranged close to the intersection of these two axes. The Labyrinth 7 suppresses the so-called background light, which is undesirable Scatter or reflection is caused. The better suppresses this background light the lower the base pulse, that is the signal that is detected when in there are no light-scattering particles in the measuring chamber 3. The cutting area of the radiation beam emitted by the light source 4 and the field of view of the The light receiver 5 forms the actual one, hereinafter referred to as the scattering space Measuring range.

Die Lichtquelle 4 sendet kurze, intensive Lichtpulse in den Streuraum, wobei der Lichtempfänger 5 zwar den Streuraum, nicht aber die Lichtquelle 4 "sieht". Das Licht der Lichtquelle 4 wird durch in den Streuraum eindringenden Rauch gestreut, und ein Teil dieses Streulichts fällt auf den Lichtempfänger 5. Das dadurch erzeugte Empfänger-Signal wird von einer Auswerteelektronik (Fig. 2) verarbeitet.The light source 4 sends short, intense light pulses into the scattering space, the light receiver 5 indeed "sees" the scattering space, but not the light source 4. The light of the Light source 4 is scattered by smoke entering the scattering space, and a part this scattered light falls on the light receiver 5. The receiver signal generated thereby is processed by evaluation electronics (Fig. 2).

Die als Lichtquelle 4 verwendete Diode sendet anstatt der bisher üblichen Infrarotstrahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von etwa 880 nm rotes oder blaues Licht von einer Wellenlänge von etwa 660 nm bzw. 460 nm aus. Diese kürzeren Wellenlängen haben den Vorteil, dass kleinere Aerosole, wie sie vor allem bei offenen Bränden entstehen, sehr viel besser detektiert werden können, so dass sich, verglichen mit Infrarotstrahlung, das Ansprechverhalten auf offene Brände deutlich verbessert.The diode used as the light source 4 transmits instead of the previously usual infrared radiation with a wavelength of about 880 nm red or blue light of one wavelength from about 660 nm or 460 nm. These shorter wavelengths have the advantage that smaller aerosols, such as those that arise especially with open fires, do a lot can be better detected, so that compared to infrared radiation, the response behavior significantly improved on open fires.

Das Ansprechverhalten auf offene Brände kann noch weiter verbessert werden, wenn vor dem Lichtempfänger 5 ein Polarisationsfilter angeordnet wird, das nur die Polarisationskomponente senkrecht zur Streuebene (das ist die Ebene, in der die optischen Achsen von Lichtquelle 4 und Lichtempfänger 5 liegen) durchlässt, oder wenn die Messkammer 3 mit polarisiertem Licht beaufschlagt wird. Bezüglich der Vorteile der Verwendung von Polarisationsfiltern und polarisiertem Licht wird auf die CH-A-682 428 verwiesen.The response to open fires can be further improved if A polarization filter is arranged in front of the light receiver 5, which only contains the polarization component perpendicular to the scattering plane (this is the plane in which the optical axes of light source 4 and light receiver 5) passes, or if the measuring chamber 3 is exposed to polarized light. Regarding the benefits of using it of polarization filters and polarized light is applied to CH-A-682 428 directed.

Gemäss Fig. 2 ist der Lichtquelle (LED) 4 ein erster Modulator 9 vorgeschaltet, durch den eine geeignete Modulation der von der Lichtquelle 4 ausgesandten Strahlung erfolgt. Vorzugsweise besteht diese Strahlung aus einer fortlaufenden Folge von Pulsen und Pulspausen, so dass die Messkammer 3 (Fig. 1) mit pulsierendem rotem oder blauem Licht beaufschlagt wird. Es kann auch sinnvoll sein, nach einer Folge einer bestimmten Anzahl von Pulsen und Pulspausen eine längere, vorbestimmte Sendepause einzufügen. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Bestrahlung der Messkammer durch intermittierend ausgesandte und von Sendepausen unterbrochene Impulszüge oder Impulspakete. Dabei können die Sendepausen zu den Impulszügen in einem festen oder in einem variablen zeitlichen Verhältnis stehen. Die Steuerung des ersten Modulators 9 erfolgt durch eine Steuerstufe 10, die ihren Takt von einem Taktgeber 11 erhält. Die Steuerstufe 10 bestimmt insbesondere die zeitliche Folge und die Länge der an die Lichtquelle 4 abgegebenen Signale.2, the light source (LED) 4 is preceded by a first modulator 9 a suitable modulation of the radiation emitted by the light source 4 takes place. This radiation preferably consists of a continuous sequence of pulses and Pulse pauses, so that the measuring chamber 3 (Fig. 1) with a pulsating red or blue Light is applied. It can also be useful to follow a specific sequence Insert a longer, predetermined transmission pause in the number of pulses and pulse pauses. In this case, the measuring chamber is irradiated by intermittently emitted and pulse trains or pulse packets interrupted by transmission pauses. You can the transmission breaks to the pulse trains in a fixed or in a variable time Relationship. The first modulator 9 is controlled by a control stage 10, which receives its clock from a clock 11. The control stage 10 determines in particular the chronological sequence and the length of the output to the light source 4 Signals.

Das an den Lichtempfänger 7 gelangende Streulicht wird in einen proportionalen Strom (Empfängersignal) Ie umgewandelt, der einem dem Lichtempfänger 5 nachgeschalteten Strom/Spannungswandler 12 zugeführt und von diesem in eine Spannung (Empfangssignal) Ue umgewandelt wird. Der Wandler 12 wirkt zusätzlich als eine Art Filter, indem er von natürlicher oder künstlicher Beleuchtung herrührendes Fremdlicht unterdrückt. In einem dem Strom/Spannungswandler 12 nachgeschalteten Frequenzfilter 13 werden aus dem Empfangssignal Ue unerwünschte Frequenzen herausgefiltert. Der Ausgang des Frequenzfilters 13 ist mit einer von der Steuerstufe 10 im Takt der Modulation der Lichtquelle 4 gesteuerten Weiche 14 verbunden.The scattered light reaching the light receiver 7 is converted into a proportional current (receiver signal) I e , which is fed to a current / voltage converter 12 connected downstream of the light receiver 5 and is converted by the latter into a voltage (received signal) U e . The converter 12 additionally acts as a type of filter by suppressing extraneous light originating from natural or artificial lighting. In a frequency filter 13 connected downstream of the current / voltage converter 12, undesired frequencies are filtered out of the received signal U e . The output of the frequency filter 13 is connected to a switch 14 controlled by the control stage 10 in time with the modulation of the light source 4.

Das von Störungen weitgehend befreite Ausgangssignal des Frequenzfilters 13 wird über die Weiche 14 abwechselnd einem von zwei Integratoren 15, 15' zugeführt. Dabei ist die Weiche 14 von der Steuerstufe 10 so gesteuert, das das Empfangssignal Ue während der Sendedauer der Impulse an den einen Integrator, beispielsweise an den Integrator 15, und während der Dauer der Pulspausen an den anderen Integrator, beispielsweise an den Integrator 15', geleitet wird. Während allfälliger Sendepausen zwischen den Impulszügen oder Impulspaketen verharrt die Weiche 14 in einer neutralen Stellung, in der keiner der beiden Integratoren 15 oder 15' mit dem Empfangssignal beaufschlagt ist. Die Weiche 14 ist vorzugsweise durch einen gesteuerten Schalter gebildet.The output signal of the frequency filter 13, which is largely free of interference, is alternately fed to one of two integrators 15, 15 'via the switch 14. The switch 14 is controlled by the control stage 10 in such a way that the received signal U e is transmitted to one integrator, for example to the integrator 15, during the duration of the pulses and to the other integrator, for example to the integrator 15 ', during the pulse pauses. is directed. During any pauses in transmission between the pulse trains or pulse packets, the switch 14 remains in a neutral position in which neither of the two integrators 15 or 15 'is acted upon by the received signal. The switch 14 is preferably formed by a controlled switch.

Aufgrund der Steuerung der Weiche 14 im Takt der Modulation erhält der Integrator 15 ausschliesslich das im Streuraum erzeugte Streulicht einschliesslich eventueller Reste des gefilterten Störsignals aus der Zeit der Sendepulse, und der Integrator 15' erhält nur eventuelle Reste des gefilterten Störsignals aus der Zeit der Pulspausen, so dass das Streulicht durch eine einfache Differenzbildung der Ausgangssignale der beiden Integratoren 15 und 15' gewonnen werden kann. Diese Differenzbildung erfolgt in einer den beiden Integratoren 15, 15' nachgeschalteten Stufe 16. Deren Ausgangssignal ist das von Störungen weitgehend gereinigte, auf den Lichtempfänger 5 treffende Streulicht, welches das Nutzsignal Un für die Signalauswertung bildet.Due to the control of the switch 14 in time with the modulation, the integrator 15 receives only the scattered light generated in the scattering space, including any remnants of the filtered interference signal from the time of the transmission pulses, and the integrator 15 'receives only possible remnants of the filtered interference signal from the time of the pulse pauses, so that the scattered light can be obtained by simply forming the difference between the output signals of the two integrators 15 and 15 '. This difference formation takes place in a stage 16 connected downstream of the two integrators 15, 15 '. Its output signal is the scattered light which has largely been cleaned of interference and strikes the light receiver 5 and which forms the useful signal U n for the signal evaluation.

Das Nutzsignal Un wird einerseits einem Komparator 18 und andererseits dem einen Eingang eines zweiten Modulators 19 zugeführt, dessen zweiter Eingang mit der Steuerstufe 10 verbunden und dessen Ausgang über einen Widerstand 20 an den Eingang des Strom/Spannungswandlers 12 geführt ist. Der zweite Modulator 19 überlagert dem Signal des Lichtempfängers 5 im Gegentakt einen Kompensationsstrom Ik bis das Eingangssignal des Strom/Spannungswandlers 12 null beziehungsweise Ik = Ie wird. Durch die Schlaufenverstärkung von ≥ 109 gilt mit grosser Genauigkeit Un = Ie · R, wobei R den Wert des Widerstands 20 bezeichnet. Dies gilt auch für Schlaufenverstärkungen mit einer Abweichung von mehreren Zehnerpotenzen. Dieser Regelkreis kann mit einer selbstabgleichenden Brückenschaltung verglichen werden. Bei entsprechend sachgemässem Aufbau erlaubt diese Schaltung die Auflösung von Fotoströmen bis in den Bereich von Pikoampere. Der Komparator 18 vergleicht das Nutzsignal Un mit mindestens einem Schwellenwert und liefert bei dessen Überschreitung ein entsprechendes Signal an einen Alarmausgang 21. The useful signal U n is fed on the one hand to a comparator 18 and on the other hand to the one input of a second modulator 19, the second input of which is connected to the control stage 10 and the output of which is led via a resistor 20 to the input of the current / voltage converter 12. The second modulator 19 superimposes a compensation current I k on the signal of the light receiver 5 until the input signal of the current / voltage converter 12 becomes zero or I k = I e . Due to the loop gain of ≥ 10 9 , U n = I e · R applies with great accuracy, where R denotes the value of the resistor 20. This also applies to loop reinforcements with a deviation of several powers of ten. This control loop can be compared to a self-balancing bridge circuit. If properly set up, this circuit allows the resolution of photo currents down to the picoampere range. The comparator 18 compares the useful signal U n with at least one threshold value and delivers a corresponding signal to an alarm output 21 when it is exceeded.

Das Signal am Alarmausgang 21 kann weiter ausgewertet, beispielsweise auf Plausibilität überprüft werden, was im Melder oder in der zugehörigen Zentrale erfolgen kann, oder es wird ohne Weiterverarbeitung an die Zentrale geleitet, wo dann der entsprechende Zustand registriert und gegebenenfalls Alarm ausgelöst wird. Das Signal am Alarmausgang 21 kann auch zusätzlich oder alternativ eine im Melder angeordnete Leuchtdiode aktivieren.The signal at alarm output 21 can be further evaluated, for example for plausibility it is checked what can be done in the detector or in the associated control center, or it is sent to the head office without further processing, where the corresponding one is then sent Condition registered and alarm triggered if necessary. The signal at the alarm output 21 can additionally or alternatively a light emitting diode arranged in the detector activate.

Wie in Fig. 3 schematisch angedeutet ist, ist es auch möglich, anstatt eines Messkanals zwei Messkanäle vorzusehen, von denen beispielsweise der eine konventionell aufgebaut ist und eine Infrarot-Senderdiode 4 und eine Empfangsdiode 5 und der andere eine farbige LED und/ oder ein Polarisationsfilter 22 enthält. Vorzugsweise sind zwei Senderdioden und eine Empfangsdiode oder eine Senderdiode und zwei Empfangsdioden 5, 5' vorgesehen sein, wobei im letzteren Fall der zweiten Empfangsdiode 5' ein Polarisationsfilter 22 vorgeschaltet oder die zweite Empfangsdiode als Rückwärtsstreuer 5", eventuell mit vorgeschaltetem Polarisationsfilter 22', ausgebildet sein kann. Das Polarisationsfilter 22 kann auch zwischen Senderdiode 4 und Messkammer 3 angeordnet sein.As is indicated schematically in FIG. 3, it is also possible instead of a measuring channel to provide two measuring channels, one of which, for example, has a conventional design is and an infrared transmitter diode 4 and a receive diode 5 and the other one contains colored LED and / or a polarization filter 22. There are preferably two transmitter diodes and a receiving diode or a transmitter diode and two receiving diodes 5, 5 'may be provided, in the latter case the second receiving diode 5' being a polarization filter 22 upstream or the second receiving diode as a backscatter 5 ", possibly with an upstream polarization filter 22 '. The polarization filter 22 can also be arranged between transmitter diode 4 and measuring chamber 3.

Der in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellte Streulichtmelder unterscheidet sich von dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten im wesentlichen dadurch, dass die optischen Achsen von senderund empfängerseitigem Strahlengang nicht in einer gemeinsamen horizontalen sondern in einer zur Horizontalebene geneigten Ebene liegen, so dass der Lichtempfänger 5 nicht in horizontaler Richtung sondern schräg von oben nach unten oder umgekehrt "blickt".The scattered light detector shown in Figures 3 and 4 differs from that in Fig. 1 shown essentially in that the optical axes of transmitter and receiver beam path not in a common horizontal but lie in a plane inclined to the horizontal plane, so that the light receiver 5 does not "looks" in the horizontal direction but obliquely from top to bottom or vice versa.

Darstellungsgemäss verläuft die optische Achse des empfängerseitigen Strahlengangs vertikal von oben nach unten, sie könnte aber auch in der Gegenrichtung verlaufen und ihr Neigungswinkel zur optischen Achse des senderseitigen Strahlengangs könnte auch kleiner oder grösser als 90° sein. Wesentlich ist, dass die optische Achse des empfängerseitigen Strahlengans so orientiert ist, dass das Blickfeld des Empfängers nicht durch ein den Raucheintritt in die Messkammer hemmendes Bauteil begrenzt werden muss.As shown, the optical axis of the beam path on the receiver side runs vertically from top to bottom, but it could also run in the opposite direction and their angle of inclination to the optical axis of the beam path could also be be smaller or larger than 90 °. It is essential that the optical axis of the receiver Ray goose is oriented so that the recipient's field of vision is not through one component that inhibits the entry of smoke into the measuring chamber must be limited.

Der Meldereinsatz 2 hat im wesentlichen die Form einer flachen nach oben offenen runden Dose, in deren Innenraum eine Leiterplatte (nicht dargestellt) mit der Auswerteelektronik angeordnet ist. Über den Meldereinsatz 2 ist eine Melderhaube 23 gestülpt, welche mit Raucheintrittsschlitzen 24 versehen ist. An der Unterseite des Bodens des Meldereinsatzes 2 sind ein Gehäuse 25 mit dem Lichtsender 4 und Haltemittel 26 für den mit dem Bezugszeichen 27 bezeichneten, die Messkammer 3 nach unten abschliessenden Deckel vorgesehen.The detector insert 2 has essentially the shape of a flat, open at the top round box, in the interior of a circuit board (not shown) with the evaluation electronics is arranged. A detector hood 23 is put over the detector insert 2, which is provided with smoke entry slots 24. At the bottom of the bottom of the Detector insert 2 are a housing 25 with the light transmitter 4 and holding means 26 for the one designated by reference numeral 27, which closes the measuring chamber 3 at the bottom Cover provided.

Der Deckel 27 trägt eine nach oben gegen den Boden des Meldereinsatzes 2 ragende Lichtbarriere 28. Zwischen der Lichtquelle 4 und der Lichtbarriere 28 ist die Messkammer 3 gebildet. Die Seitenwand 8 des Deckels 27 ist bis auf die Lichtbarriere 28 weitgehend offen, wodurch ein möglichst ungehinderter Zutritt von Rauch in die Messkammer 3 gewährleistet ist. Über den am Boden des Meldereinsatzes 2 befestigten Deckel 27 ist aussen ein der Form des Deckels angepasstes Insektengitter 29 geschoben, welches ebenfalls an den Haltemitteln 26 befestigt ist.The cover 27 carries an upwardly projecting against the bottom of the detector insert 2 Light barrier 28. The measuring chamber is between the light source 4 and the light barrier 28 3 formed. The side wall 8 of the lid 27 is largely except for the light barrier 28 open, which ensures that smoke can enter the measuring chamber as freely as possible 3 is guaranteed. About the lid 27 attached to the bottom of the detector insert 2 outside an insect screen 29 adapted to the shape of the cover, which is also attached to the holding means 26.

Die Achse des von der Lichtquelle 4 ausgesandten Strahlkegels verläuft quer durch den Messraum 3 in einer horizontalen Ebene parallel zum Boden des Meldereinsatzes 2. Die Lichtbarriere 28 verhindert, dass das von der Lichtquelle 4 ausgesandte Licht aus dem Melder seitlich nach aussen dringen kann. Der Lichtempfänger 5 ist in der Mitte des Bodens des Meldereinsatzes 2 angeordnet, und liegt darstellungsgemäss knapp oberhalb von diesem. Der Boden des Meldereinsatzes 2 weist unterhalb des Lichtempfängers 5 und fluchtend mit diesem eine Durchbrechung auf, die gegen den Messraum 13 von einer ringförmigen Blende 30 umgeben ist und in die vorzugsweise eine Linse 31 eingesetzt ist.The axis of the beam cone emitted by the light source 4 runs across the Measuring room 3 in a horizontal plane parallel to the floor of the detector insert 2. The Light barrier 28 prevents the light emitted by the light source 4 from the Detector can penetrate to the side. The light receiver 5 is in the middle of the floor the detector insert 2 arranged, and is just above as shown of this. The bottom of the detector insert 2 points below the light receiver 5 and in alignment with this an opening that is against the measuring space 13 of is surrounded by an annular diaphragm 30 and into which a lens 31 is preferably inserted is.

Der Lichtempfänger 5, die Blende 30 und gegebenenfalls die Linse 31 definieren die optische Achse des empfangerseitigen Strahlengangs, die in vertikaler Richtung verläuft und die horizontale senderseitige optische Achse senkrecht kreuzt. Der Lichtempfänger 5 blickt also gleichsam von oben auf das von der Lichtquelle 4 ausgesandte Strahlenbündel. Der den eigentlichen Messbereich bildende Streuraum im Schnittbereich des senderund des empfängerseitigen Strahlenbündels ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 32 bezeichnet. The light receiver 5, the aperture 30 and optionally the lens 31 define the optical axis of the beam path on the receiver side, which runs in the vertical direction and perpendicularly crosses the horizontal optical axis on the transmitter side. The light receiver 5 thus looks, as it were, from above onto the beam of rays emitted by the light source 4. The spreading space forming the actual measuring range in the cutting area of the senderund of the radiation beam on the receiver side is designated by reference numeral 32.

Das Blickfeld des Lichtempfängers 5 wird durch den Boden des Deckels 27 und durch die Melderhaube 23 begrenzt und eine direkte Bestrahlung des Lichtempfängers 5 mit Fremdlicht wird durch die Blende 30 verhindert. Dadurch verliert die Seitenwand 27 ihre bisherige Funktionen und kann weggelassen werden, wodurch das Eindringverhalten von Rauch und Aerosolen in die Messkammer 3 merklich verbessert wird. Die über einen kurzen Bereich der Seitenwand des Deckels 27 noch vorhandene und von der Funktion her nicht zwingend notwendige Lichtbarriere 28 hat auf das Eindringverhalten von Rauch praktisch keinen Einfluss.The field of view of the light receiver 5 is through the bottom of the cover 27 and through the detector hood 23 limits and direct irradiation of the light receiver 5 with External light is prevented by the aperture 30. As a result, the side wall 27 loses their previous functions and can be omitted, reducing the penetration behavior of smoke and aerosols in the measuring chamber 3 is markedly improved. The above a short area of the side wall of the cover 27 still existing and from the Functionally not necessarily necessary light barrier 28 has the penetration behavior practically no influence from smoke.

Selbstverständlich können die anhand der in den Figuren 1, 3 sowie 4 und 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschriebenen Anordnungen sowohl einzeln für sich als auch in beliebiger Kombination realisiert werden. Es kann also die farbige Sender-LED von Fig. 1 auch in einem Melder nach den Figuren 4 und 5 eingesetzt werden, und ebenso könnte der Melder gemäss den Fig. 4 und 5 zwei Messkanäle und/oder Polarisationsfilter aufweisen. Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Auswerteschaltung ist ebenfalls bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen einsetzbar, wobei gewisse geringfügige Anpassungen erforderlich sind.Of course, those shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4 and 5 Embodiments described arrangements both individually and individually can be realized in any combination. So it can be the colored transmitter LED from Fig. 1 can also be used in a detector according to Figures 4 and 5, and also the detector according to FIGS. 4 and 5 could have two measuring channels and / or polarization filters exhibit. The evaluation circuit shown in Fig. 2 is also in all embodiments can be used, whereby certain minor adjustments are required.

Claims (10)

  1. Optical smoke alarm with an alarm insert (2), an optical module (1) and an evaluation circuit, wherein the optical module (1) comprises a light source (4, 4'), a measurement chamber (3) and a light receiver (5, 5') connected to the evaluation circuit, characterised in that the light source (4) is designed for transmitting a light ray in the wavelength range of visible light.
  2. Smoke alarm according to claim 1, characterised in that the wavelength of the ray emitted by the light source (4) is in the region of blue light or red light and is preferably 460 nm or 660 nm.
  3. Smoke alarm according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the optical module (1) is designed so that the signal transmitted by the light receiver (5') to the evaluation circuit is a function of the plane-polarised scattered light incident thereon.
  4. Smoke alarm according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that two measurement channels with either one light transmitter (4) and two light receivers (5, 5', 5") or two light transmitters (4) and one light receiver (5) are provided, a polarisation filter (22) being arranged in one of the measurement channels.
  5. Smoke alarm according to claim 4, characterised in that in an arrangement with two light transmitters (4) and one light receiver (5), one of the light transmitters (4) is formed by a diode emitting coloured light.
  6. Smoke alarm according to claim 4, characterised in that in an arrangement with two light receivers (5, 5', 5") one of the light receivers (5") is exposed to back-scattered light.
  7. Smoke alarm according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in the evaluation circuit there takes place an overlapping of the signal (Ie) of the light receiver (5, 5') with a compensation signal (Ik) that is chosen so that the signal of the light receiver (5, 5') is adjusted to the value zero.
  8. Smoke alarm according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the arrangement of light source (4, 4') and light receiver (5, 5') is chosen so that the plane spanned by the optical axes of the transmitter-side ray path and receiver-side ray path runs inclined to the horizontal plane.
  9. Smoke alarm according to claim 8, characterised in that the axis of the receiver-side ray path runs vertically to that of the transmitter-side ray path.
  10. Smoke alarm according to claim 9, characterised in that the floor of the alarm insert (2) comprises a housing (25) with the light source (4) and holding means (26) for a cover (27) forming the lower boundary of the measurement chamber (3) and with a largely open side wall (8) and that the light receiver (5) is arranged in the region of the floor of the alarm insert (2).
EP97122894A 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Optical smoke detector Expired - Lifetime EP0926646B8 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59711621T DE59711621D1 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Optical smoke detector
DK97122894T DK0926646T3 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Optical smoke detector
AT97122894T ATE284603T1 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR
EP97122894A EP0926646B8 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Optical smoke detector
PT97122894T PT926646E (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR
ES97122894T ES2221946T3 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97122894A EP0926646B8 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Optical smoke detector

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EP0926646A1 EP0926646A1 (en) 1999-06-30
EP0926646B1 true EP0926646B1 (en) 2004-05-12
EP0926646B8 EP0926646B8 (en) 2004-09-22

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EP97122894A Expired - Lifetime EP0926646B8 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Optical smoke detector

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EP (1) EP0926646B8 (en)
AT (1) ATE284603T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59711621D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0926646T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2221946T3 (en)
PT (1) PT926646E (en)

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DE19902319B4 (en) * 1999-01-21 2011-06-30 Novar GmbH, Albstadt-Ebingen Zweigniederlassung Neuss, 41469 Scattered light fire detectors
EP1087352A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-28 Siemens Building Technologies AG Optical smoke detector
ATE295595T1 (en) * 1999-11-19 2005-05-15 Siemens Building Tech Ag FIRE ALARM
CA2293830C (en) * 1999-12-31 2008-07-29 Digital Security Controls Ltd. Photoelectric smoke detector and chamber therefor
DK1376504T3 (en) 2002-06-20 2006-06-26 Siemens Schweiz Ag Smoke detector with scattered light
EP1376505B1 (en) 2002-06-20 2006-02-15 Siemens Schweiz AG Fire detector
DE102005010454A1 (en) 2005-03-08 2006-09-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh gas sensor
EP1732049A1 (en) 2005-06-10 2006-12-13 Siemens S.A.S. Fire or smoke detector with high false alarm rejection performance
EP3096130B1 (en) 2014-10-13 2021-05-26 Universität Duisburg-Essen Device for identification of aerosols
EP3029647B1 (en) 2014-12-04 2017-05-31 Siemens Schweiz AG Open scattered light smoke detector, particularly with a sidelooker LED
US11145177B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2021-10-12 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
US11151853B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2021-10-19 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
ES2968291T3 (en) 2016-11-11 2024-05-08 Carrier Corp High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
CN109937438B (en) 2016-11-11 2021-11-05 开利公司 High sensitivity optical fiber based detection
EP3539103A1 (en) 2016-11-11 2019-09-18 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
CN113508288A (en) 2018-09-28 2021-10-15 西门子瑞士有限公司 Scattered light smoke detector with wavelength selective polarizer and suitable use of such a polarizer
CN111795951A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-10-20 南京颗粒光电科技有限公司 Integrated sensor for thermal runaway detection of new energy battery and early warning method

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CH683464A5 (en) * 1991-09-06 1994-03-15 Cerberus Ag Optical smoke detector with active surveillance.
CH682428A5 (en) * 1991-09-13 1993-09-15 Cerberus Ag Optical smoke detector using light dispersion - has receiver providing signal representing received light polarised perpendicular to plane containing axes of source and receiver

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ES2221946T3 (en) 2005-01-16
EP0926646B8 (en) 2004-09-22
EP0926646A1 (en) 1999-06-30
DK0926646T3 (en) 2004-09-20
DE59711621D1 (en) 2004-06-17
ATE284603T1 (en) 2004-05-15
PT926646E (en) 2004-10-29

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