[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

EP0924797B1 - Multifrequency microstrip antenna and apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Multifrequency microstrip antenna and apparatus using the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0924797B1
EP0924797B1 EP98403063A EP98403063A EP0924797B1 EP 0924797 B1 EP0924797 B1 EP 0924797B1 EP 98403063 A EP98403063 A EP 98403063A EP 98403063 A EP98403063 A EP 98403063A EP 0924797 B1 EP0924797 B1 EP 0924797B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
patch
constituting
zone
zones
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98403063A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0924797A1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Grangeat
Charles Ngounou
Jean-Philippe Coupez
Francois Lepennec
Serge Toutain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP0924797A1 publication Critical patent/EP0924797A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0924797B1 publication Critical patent/EP0924797B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371Branching current paths
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the antennas produced according to the microstrip technique.
  • Such an antenna includes a patch which is typically formed by etching a metal layer. She is called in English by specialists "microstrip patch antenna” for “antenna to microstrip type tablet ".
  • the presentation will be sometimes limited below for the purpose of simplification to the sole case of an antenna transmitter connected to a transmitter. But it must be understood that the provisions described could also apply in the case of receiving antennas connected to a receiver. For the same purpose it will be accepted that the substrate has the form of a horizontal sheet.
  • a first type can be called "Half-wave”.
  • the antenna is then called "half-wave” or "electric”.
  • This length is substantially equal to half of the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave propagating in this direction in the line formed by the mass, the substrate and the patch.
  • the coupling with the radiated waves is done at the ends of this length, these extremities being located in regions where the amplitude of the electric field prevailing in the substrate is maximum.
  • a second type of resonant structure that can be produced according to this same technique can be called “quarter wave”.
  • the antenna is then called “quarter wave” or “magnetic". It differs from a half-wave antenna by part by the fact that its pellet has a length substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength, this length of the patch and this wavelength being defined as above, on the other hand by the fact that a significant short circuit is made at one end of this length between the mass and the patch of so as to impose a resonance of the quarter wave type including a node of electric field is fixed by this short circuit. Coupling with waves radiated is done at the other end of this length, this other end being located in the region where the amplitude of the electric field across the substrate is maximum.
  • the coupling of such an antenna to a signal processing device as a transmitter is typically done not only through a coupling device included in this antenna, but also a line of external connection to this antenna and connecting the coupling device to the signal processor. If we consider a functional chain global including the signal processing unit, the connection line, the coupling device and the resonant structure, the coupling and the connection line are made so that this chain has a uniform impedance over its entire length, which avoids parasitic reflections opposing good coupling.
  • the respective functions of the coupling device, the connection line and the antenna are as follows:
  • the function of the connection line is to carry a radio frequency or microwave signal from the transmitter to the antenna terminals. Throughout such a line the signal is propagates in the form of a traveling wave without undergoing, at least in principle, significant modification of its characteristics.
  • the function of coupling device is to transform the signal supplied by the line of connection so that this signal excites a resonance of the antenna, this is to say that the energy of the traveling wave carrying this signal is transferred to a standing wave settling in the antenna with defined characteristics by the latter.
  • the antenna it transfers the energy of this wave stationary at a wave radiated in space.
  • the signal provided by the transmitter thus undergoes a first transformation to pass from the shape of a wave progressive to that of a standing wave, then a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave.
  • a first transformation to pass from the shape of a wave progressive to that of a standing wave
  • a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave.
  • an antenna receiving the signal takes the same forms in the same organs but the transformations are done in reverse order and direction.
  • connection lines can be made according to a technique other than planar, for example in the form of coaxial lines.
  • Antennas produced using planar techniques are included in various types of devices. These devices include portable radiotelephones, base stations for the latter, automobiles and airplanes or air missiles.
  • portable radio the continuous nature of the lower mass layer of this antenna makes it possible to easily limit the radiation power intercepted by the body of the user of the device.
  • the antenna can be shaped to this profile so as not to cause additional aerodynamic drag embarrassing.
  • the area in the middle of the candlestick has a field node electric fixed by a series of short circuits to the ground plane, this series short circuits being arranged along the axis of symmetry of this zone.
  • the conductive areas are separated from each other by slots of relatively large width (0.7 cm for a wavelength of 3.3 cm), this which makes it possible to produce an antenna of smaller size than that of the antennas known, for a given wavelength.
  • this antenna cannot not operate properly on multiple frequencies, for example in a multiband radiotelephone.
  • a first known antenna is described in the document of US-A-4,766,440 (Gegan).
  • the patch 10 of this antenna has a U-shaped curved slot which is continuous and entirely internal to this pellet.
  • This slit is radiative and shows a mode of resonance additional antenna. It also allows, by a suitable choice of its shape and its dimensions, to bring the frequencies of the modes of resonance with desired values which gives the possibility of associating two linear cross-polarized modes for emitting a polarized wave circular.
  • the supply line ends with a coupling device which is a line produced using the microstrip technique as specified above but which is also said to be coplanar, this because the microstrip extends in the plane of the patch and enters between two notches of the latter.
  • This device is provided with transformation means impedance to adapt it to the different input impedances respectively presented by the line at the different resonance frequencies used as operating frequencies.
  • a third known antenna is described in the document of US-A-4,771,291 (LO et al). Its patch has slots extending along respective line segments inside the patch. These slots reduce the difference between the two operating frequencies. Occasional short circuits also reduce this difference. They are formed by conductors passing through the substrate.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a device for communication including a first antenna produced according to this invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of the antenna of the figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 represents a front view of this same antenna.
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram of the variation of a reflection coefficient in decibels at the input of this same antenna in function of the frequency expressed in MHz.
  • Figure 5 shows a top view of a second antenna made according to this invention.
  • the antenna further includes a coupling device having more particularly the shape of a coupling line.
  • This device includes on the one hand, a main conductor made up of two sections C1 and C3 and connected to the patch 6 at an internal connection point 18. It comprises on the other hand an equally composite ground conductor which cooperates with this main conductor and which will be described later. It constitutes all or part of a connection assembly which connects the resonant structure of the antenna to a signal processor 8, for example to drive one or more resonances of the antenna from this body in the case where it is a transmitting antenna.
  • the connection set typically includes a connecting line such as C4, C5, which is external to the antenna and which comprises two conductors.
  • this line On the antenna side, these two conductors are connected respectively with two connecting conductors which belong to the coupling and which can be considered as constituting two terminals of the antenna. At the other end of this line, the two conductors of this last are connected respectively to two terminals of the processing unit signal.
  • This line can in particular be of the coaxial type, of the type to microstrip or coplanar type. In case the antenna considered constitutes a receiving antenna, this same assembly transmits the received signals through this antenna to the signal processor. The various elements of this together have the respective functions previously defined.
  • the signal processor is able to operate at those resonant frequencies which constitute said frequencies of antenna operation. It can be composite and then include a element permanently tuned into each of these frequencies of operation. It can also include a tunable element.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for communication including an antenna according to this invention and a said organ for signal processing connected to this antenna by a so-called set of connection.
  • the antenna given in example is a dual-frequency antenna, it is to say that it must be able to give rise to at least two resonances so to operate in two modes corresponding to two frequencies of operation.
  • a slot is formed in the patch 6 and leads forward outside the latter. It constitutes a slit longitudinal divider F1.
  • the longitudinal extent occupied by this slot defines in this patch a region before Z2, Z1, Z12, the slot itself separating in this region a primary zone Z1 from a secondary zone Z2.
  • a rear region ZA extends between this front region and the rear edge 10. De preferably this rear region is shorter and preferably still much shorter in the longitudinal direction DL than this region before.
  • the internal connection point 18 is outside the area secondary and it is preferably located in the primary zone Z1.
  • a said mode then constitutes a primary mode in which a wave stationary is established thanks to a propagation of progressive waves in the two directions of this longitudinal direction or of a direction close to this last, these waves propagating in an area including this primary zone and this rear region, substantially excluding the secondary zone Z2.
  • Another operating mode constitutes a secondary mode in which a wave stationary is established thanks to a propagation of progressive waves in the same two directions, these waves propagating in another area including the primary and secondary areas and the rear region.
  • the rear region ZA has a first function which is to couple the secondary zone to the primary zone to allow the establishment of the secondary mode. She has a second function which is to allow the short circuit present on the rear edge of play its role in each of these two areas.
  • the antenna is then, at least approximately, for each operating frequency, of the quarter type wave.
  • the configurations of the pad and the coupling device and more particularly the longitudinal position of the internal connection point 18 are chosen so as to show a desired value predetermined impedance presented by the antenna for the signal processing or more typically for a connection line connecting this body to this device.
  • This impedance will be called below antenna impedance.
  • input impedance In the case of a transmitting antenna it is usually called input impedance.
  • desired value is advantageously equal to the impedance of the connection line. It is why, preferably, the position of the connection point gives the antenna impedance substantially the same value for the various operating frequencies.
  • the operating frequencies have predetermined desired values. These values can be advantageously obtained by a suitable choice of dimensions respective longitudinal zones primary Z1 and secondary Z2. It is why, in the context of the present invention, these two dimensions are typically different. As a result, the front edge of the patch deviates then necessarily of a transverse straight line.
  • the configuration of the pad 6 preferably further forms a slot extending in the direction transverse DT.
  • This slot constitutes a transverse separating slot F2 partially separating this primary zone from the rear region ZA. Of preferably it connects to the rear end of the separating slot longitudinal F1.
  • the configuration of the patch 6 advantageously still forms at least one slot F3 extending in the primary zone Z1 in the direction longitudinal DL.
  • this slot extends forward from the transverse separating slot F2. It can be called a lowering slot. frequency because its role is to lower the operating frequencies in an increasing measure with its length. It not only allows limit the length of the pad necessary to obtain desired values operating frequencies, but also to adjust these frequencies thanks to a suitable adjustment of the length of this slot.
  • the antenna has a plane of symmetry extending in the longitudinal DL and vertical DV directions, the trace of this plane in the upper surface of the substrate constituting an axis of symmetry A for the pellet 6.
  • the number included in the reference signs of the one that is right in the figures is equal to the corresponding number of that of left increased by 10.
  • the coupling device and the primary zone Z1 extend in the vicinity of axis A and the configuration of the patch forms two said longitudinal separating slots F1, F11 on either side of this zone primary.
  • the secondary zone then comprises two parts Z2, Z12 located respectively beyond these two slots.
  • all of the separating slots F1, F2, F11, F12 has the shape of a U.
  • the branches and the base of this U are longitudinal and transverse respectively.
  • This base has an interval axial 20 extending on either side of the axis to connect the primary zone Z1 to short circuit C2, C12 via an axial part of the region rear ZA.
  • the coupling line which constitutes the antenna coupling device comprises a conductor belonging to the upper conductive layer. More precisely a section C1 of said main conductor enters in the longitudinal direction DL into the area of the patch 6. It extends between a rear end close to the edge rear 10 and a front end constituting the internal connection point 18.
  • This section of main conductor is in the form of a ribbon and can be called horizontal coupling tape.
  • this ribbon is laterally limited by two notches. But, in the antenna of this invention, these two notches are sufficiently narrow in the direction DT and long enough in DL direction to be able to be respectively considered as two longitudinal slots F4 and F14. These two slots separate this ribbon from the patch 6 and will be called hereinafter slots coupling.
  • this coupling tape constitutes the main conductor can advantageously be determined by conceiving this line as a line coplanar able to excite the antenna in a lengthwise manner of this line rather than as a microstrip type line intended for excite the antenna only at the end of this line, the ground conductor of this coplanar line then being mainly constituted in the manner of a coplanar line by the parts of the patch located laterally on the side and other of this ribbon beyond the two slots F4 and F14 and not by the mass of the antenna as in a microstrip line.
  • This line will be called below horizontal coplanar line.
  • the antenna would allow the antenna to be coupled via a signal electromagnetic applied or collected by the external connection line to the rear end of this horizontal coplanar line between two terminals common to this horizontal coplanar line and to the antenna, these two terminals being respectively constituted by this ground conductor of this line and the back end of this ribbon.
  • the connection between the coupling and this external line through such conductors located in the pellet plan would complicate the manufacture of these devices.
  • the horizontal coplanar line in question extends along the axis A. It passes in the axial interval 20 of the base of the U, this interval being delimited by the two coupling slots F4 and F14.
  • the position of the front end 18 of its conductor principal is determined to give a desired value to the impedance of the antenna. But this impedance also depends on other parameters such as the widths of C1 coupling tape and coupling slots, as well as nature of the substrate.
  • said short circuit is a composite short-circuit comprising two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. These two conductors extend in the vertical direction DV leaving between them a free interval. Each of them connects the ground 4 of the antenna to tablet 6.
  • connection conductors are formed on the wafer surface S3 facilitates substantially the realization of a connection between on the one hand the device coupling belonging to the antenna formed on the surface of the device and other hand, a connection line connecting this device to a processing unit signal. If this organ is located inside this device, this line can take the form of a coaxial line which, in the vicinity of the antenna, is perpendicular to the plane thereof. In other cases this provision of connection conductors facilitate the connection of the antenna to conductors carried by a motherboard on one side of which the substrate of the antenna has been previously fixed, the connection line then being typically, at least in the vicinity of the antenna, parallel to the direction longitudinal of it.
  • connection conductors of connection capable of forming antenna terminals on the wafer surface substrate only complicates antenna fabrication in one way negligible.
  • realization of short-circuit conductors is necessary for the manufactured antenna to be of the quarter wave type. Else apart the first connection conductor can be realized by a process at least analogous to that of making the short-circuit conductors and, in most cases, during the same manufacturing step.
  • connection conductors occupy only a fraction of the rear edge 10.
  • the antenna given as an example it is essentially the same fraction as that of the primary zone Z1.
  • the widths of the coupling tapes and slots such that the coupling slots located on either side of these ribbons are chosen so as to give a uniform and suitable impedance, which is typically 50 ohms, to the coupling line formed by the lines vertical and horizontal coplanar.
  • the impedance of the antenna is also adjusted by the choice of the position of the internal connection point 18.
  • the line of external connection to the antenna is a coaxial line. It includes a axial conductor C4. At one end of the line this axial conductor is connected to conductor C3. At the other end of the line it is connected to a first terminal of the signal processing member 8. Over the length of the line is surrounded by a conductive sheath C5. At the first end of the line this sheath is connected to both the two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. At the other end of the line it is connected to the other terminal of the signal processing member 8 which is constituted for example by a transmitter 8.
  • the second antenna given as an example of implementation of the present invention is shown in Figure 5 and is generally analogous to the first antenna previously described.
  • an element of this second antenna has the same functions as an element of this first antenna, it is designated by the same letters and / or reference numbers, except that the numbers formed by these numbers are increased by one hundred, the area primary Z101 of this second antenna being for example analogous to the primary zone Z1 of the first antenna.
  • This second antenna differs from the first antenna on the following points:
  • the patch 106 then further comprises two mutually symmetrical tertiary areas.
  • a first shaped F101 slot de U partially separates the primary zone Z101 from the two secondary zones Z102 and Z112. It is included in a second F105 slot similarly shape similarly separating the secondary zones from the tertiary zones Z103 and Z113.
  • the short circuit is constituted by a single conductor C102 extending over the entire width of the patch 106 and the coupling between the primary, secondary and tertiary areas is carried out in the rear region ZA thanks to the axial interval 120.
  • the antenna is coupled from of a vertical coaxial line.
  • a section ended! of the axial conductor C104 of this line crosses the substrate 102 and is welded to the pad 106 in the primary zone Z101. It thus constitutes the antenna coupling device.
  • the conductive sheath C105 of this line is soldered to ground not shown of the antenna, this mass consisting of a continuous conductive layer not shown covering the lower surface of the substrate 102.
  • the part of this coaxial line extending below the antenna constitutes the line of connection thereof.
  • the number of frequencies of operation of an antenna produced according to the present invention can be greater than three, the patch of such an antenna then comprising, for example, in the case of four frequencies, a primary zone, two secondary zones, two tertiary zones and two quaternary zones.
  • the configuration of the pad and of the short circuit do not are not necessarily symmetrical.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Each slot represents a quarter wavelength at a different frequency and each slot is mutually decoupled so that different resonant frequencies can be established for the antenna. The resonance frequency is easily adjustable.

Description

La présente invention concerne les antennes réalisées selon la technique des microrubans. Une telle antenne comporte une pastille qui est typiquement constituée par gravure d'une couche métallique. Elle est appelée en anglais par les spécialistes "microstrip patch antenna" pour "antenne à pastille du type microruban".The present invention relates to the antennas produced according to the microstrip technique. Such an antenna includes a patch which is typically formed by etching a metal layer. She is called in English by specialists "microstrip patch antenna" for "antenna to microstrip type tablet ".

La technique des microrubans est une technique planaire qui s'applique à la fois à la réalisation de lignes transmettant des signaux et à celle d'antennes réalisant un couplage entre de telles lignes et des ondes rayonnées. Elle utilise des rubans et/ou pastilles conductrices formées sur la surface supérieure d'un substrat diélectrique mince qui les sépare d'une couche de masse conductrice s'étendant sur la surface inférieure de ce substrat. Une telle pastille est typiquement plus large qu'un tel ruban et ses formes et dimensions constituent des caractéristiques importantes de l'antenne. La forme du substrat est typiquement celle d'une feuille plane rectangulaire d'épaisseur constante. Mais cela n'est nullement une obligation. En particulier il est connu qu'une variation de l'épaisseur du substrat selon une loi exponentielle permet d'élargir la bande passante d'une telle antenne et que la forme de la feuille peut s'écarter d'un rectangle. Les lignes de champ électrique s'étendent entre le ruban ou la pastille et la couche de masse en traversant le substrat. Cette technique se distingue de diverses autres techniques utilisant elles aussi des éléments conducteurs sur un substrat mince à savoir :

  • celle des lignes triplaques qui est généralement connue sous l'appellation anglaise "stripline" et dans laquelle un ruban est compris entre la couche de masse inférieure et une couche de masse supérieure, cette dernière devant dans le cas d'une antenne présenter une fente pour permettre un couplage avec des ondes rayonnées ,
  • celle des lignes à fente dans laquelle le champ électrique s'établit entre deux parties d'une couche conductrice formée sur la surface supérieure du substrat et séparées l'une de l'autre par une fente, cette dernière devant, dans le cas d'une antenne, déboucher typiquement sur un évidement plus large facilitant un couplage avec des ondes rayonnées, par exemple en formant une structure résonante, et
  • celle des lignes coplanaires dans laquelle le champ électrique s'établit sur la surface supérieure du substrat et d'une manière symétrique entre d'une part un ruban conducteur central et d'autre part deux piages conductrices situées de part et d'autre de ce ruban dont elles sont respectivement séparées par deux fentes. Dans le cas d'une antenne, ce ruban se raccorde typiquement à une pastille plus large pour former une structure résonante permettant un couplage avec les ondes rayonnées.
The microstrip technique is a planar technique which is applied both to the production of lines transmitting signals and to that of antennas realizing a coupling between such lines and radiated waves. It uses conductive tapes and / or pads formed on the upper surface of a thin dielectric substrate which separates them from a layer of conductive mass extending over the lower surface of this substrate. Such a patch is typically wider than such a ribbon and its shapes and dimensions constitute important characteristics of the antenna. The shape of the substrate is typically that of a rectangular flat sheet of constant thickness. But this is by no means an obligation. In particular, it is known that a variation in the thickness of the substrate according to an exponential law makes it possible to widen the passband of such an antenna and that the shape of the sheet can deviate from a rectangle. The electric field lines extend between the ribbon or the patch and the ground layer crossing the substrate. This technique is distinguished from various other techniques which also use conductive elements on a thin substrate, namely:
  • that of the triplate lines which is generally known under the English name "stripline" and in which a ribbon is included between the layer of lower mass and a layer of higher mass, the latter in the case of an antenna having a slot for allow coupling with radiated waves,
  • that of the slit lines in which the electric field is established between two parts of a conductive layer formed on the upper surface of the substrate and separated from each other by a slit, the latter in front, in the case of an antenna, typically leading to a wider recess facilitating coupling with radiated waves, for example by forming a resonant structure, and
  • that of the coplanar lines in which the electric field is established on the upper surface of the substrate and in a symmetrical manner between on the one hand a central conductive strip and on the other hand two conductive bores located on either side of this ribbon from which they are respectively separated by two slits. In the case of an antenna, this strip is typically connected to a larger patch to form a resonant structure allowing coupling with the radiated waves.

En ce qui concerne la réalisation des antennes, l'exposé sera parfois limité ci-après dans un but de simplification au seul cas d'une antenne émettrice raccordée à un émetteur. Mais il doit être compris que les dispositions décrites pourraient aussi s'appliquer au cas d'antennes réceptrices raccordées à un récepteur. Dans le même but il sera admis que le substrat présente la forme d'une feuille horizontale.Regarding the realization of antennas, the presentation will be sometimes limited below for the purpose of simplification to the sole case of an antenna transmitter connected to a transmitter. But it must be understood that the provisions described could also apply in the case of receiving antennas connected to a receiver. For the same purpose it will be accepted that the substrate has the form of a horizontal sheet.

D'une manière d'abord schématique, une distinction peut être faite entre deux types fondamentaux de structures résonantes pouvant être réalisées selon la technique des microrubans. Un premier type peut être appelé "demi-onde". L'antenne est alors dite "demi-onde" ou "électrique". Etant admis qu'une dimension de sa pastille constitue une longueur et s'étend selon une direction dite longitudinale, cette longueur est sensiblement égale à la moitié de la longueur d'onde d'une onde électromagnétique se propageant dans cette direction dans la ligne constituée par la masse, le substrat et la pastille. Le couplage avec les ondes rayonnées se fait aux extrémités de cette longueur, ces extrémités étant situées dans les régions où l'amplitude du champ électrique régnant dans le substrat est maximale.In a schematic way, a distinction can be made between two fundamental types of resonant structures that can be produced using the microstrip technique. A first type can be called "Half-wave". The antenna is then called "half-wave" or "electric". Being admitted that a dimension of its patch constitutes a length and extends according to a so-called longitudinal direction, this length is substantially equal to half of the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave propagating in this direction in the line formed by the mass, the substrate and the patch. The coupling with the radiated waves is done at the ends of this length, these extremities being located in regions where the amplitude of the electric field prevailing in the substrate is maximum.

Un deuxième type de structures résonantes pouvant être réalisées selon cette même technique peut être appelé "quart d'onde". L'antenne est alors dite "quart d'onde" ou "magnétique". Elle diffère d'une antenne demi-onde d'une part par le fait que sa pastille a une longueur sensiblement égale au quart de la longueur d'onde, cette longueur de la pastille et cette longueur d'onde étant définies comme ci-dessus, d'autre part par le fait qu'un court-circuit important est réalisé à une extrémité de cette longueur entre la masse et la pastille de manière à imposer une résonance du type quart d'onde dont un noeud de champ électrique est fixé par ce court-circuit. Le couplage avec les ondes rayonnées se fait à l'autre extrémité de cette longueur, cette autre extrémité étant située dans la région où l'amplitude du champ électrique à travers le substrat est maximale.A second type of resonant structure that can be produced according to this same technique can be called "quarter wave". The antenna is then called "quarter wave" or "magnetic". It differs from a half-wave antenna by part by the fact that its pellet has a length substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength, this length of the patch and this wavelength being defined as above, on the other hand by the fact that a significant short circuit is made at one end of this length between the mass and the patch of so as to impose a resonance of the quarter wave type including a node of electric field is fixed by this short circuit. Coupling with waves radiated is done at the other end of this length, this other end being located in the region where the amplitude of the electric field across the substrate is maximum.

Dans la pratique divers types de résonance peuvent s'établir dans de telles antennes. Ces types dépendent notamment :

  • de la configuration des pastilles, ces dernières pouvant notamment présenter des fentes, éventuellement radiatives,
  • de l'éventuelle présence et de la localisation de courts-circuits ainsi que des modèles électriques représentatifs de ces courts-circuits, ces derniers n'étant pas toujours assimilables, même approximativement, à des courts-circuits parfaits dont les impédances seraient nulles,
  • et des dispositifs de couplage qui ont été inclus dans ces antennes pour permettre de coupler leurs structures résonantes à un organe de traitement de signal tel qu'un émetteur, ainsi que de la localisation de ces dispositifs.
In practice, various types of resonance can be established in such antennas. These types depend in particular:
  • the configuration of the pellets, the latter possibly having in particular slots, possibly radiative,
  • the possible presence and location of short circuits as well as the representative electrical models of these short circuits, the latter not always being assimilated, even approximately, to perfect short circuits whose impedances would be zero,
  • and coupling devices which have been included in these antennas to allow their resonant structures to be coupled to a signal processing member such as a transmitter, as well as the location of these devices.

De plus, pour une configuration d'antenne donnée, plusieurs modes de résonance peuvent apparaítre et permettre une utilisation de l'antenne à plusieurs fréquences correspondant à ces modes.In addition, for a given antenna configuration, several resonance modes may appear and allow use of the antenna at several frequencies corresponding to these modes.

Le couplage d'une telle antenne à un organe de traitement de signal tel qu'un émetteur se fait typiquement par l'intermédiaire non seulement d'un dispositif de couplage inclus dans cette antenne, mais aussi d'une ligne de raccordement extérieure à cette antenne et raccordant le dispositif de couplage à l'organe de traitement de signal. Si on considère une chaíne fonctionnelle globale incluant l'organe de traitement de signai, la ligne de raccordement, le dispositif de couplage et la structure résonante, il convient que le dispositif de couplage et la ligne de raccordement soient réalisés de manière que cette chaíne présente une impédance uniforme sur toute sa longueur, ce qui évite des réflexions parasites s'opposant à un bon couplage.The coupling of such an antenna to a signal processing device as a transmitter is typically done not only through a coupling device included in this antenna, but also a line of external connection to this antenna and connecting the coupling device to the signal processor. If we consider a functional chain global including the signal processing unit, the connection line, the coupling device and the resonant structure, the coupling and the connection line are made so that this chain has a uniform impedance over its entire length, which avoids parasitic reflections opposing good coupling.

Dans le cas d'une antenne émettrice à structure résonante les fonctions respectives du dispositif de couplage, de la ligne de raccordement et de l'antenne sont les suivantes : la fonction de la ligne de raccordement est de transporter un signal de radiofréquence ou d'hyperfréquence de l'émetteur jusqu'aux bornes de l'antenne. Tout au long d'une telle ligne le signal se propage sous la forme d'une onde progressive sans subir, du moins en principe, de modification notable de ses caractéristiques. La fonction du dispositif de couplage est de transformer le signal fourni par la ligne de raccordement de manière que ce signal excite une résonance de l'antenne, c'est à dire que l'énergie de l'onde progressive portant ce signal soit transférée à une onde stationnaire s'établissant dans l'antenne avec des caractéristiques définies par cette dernière. Quant à l'antenne elle transfère l'énergie de cette onde stationnaire à une onde rayonnée dans l'espace. Le signal fourni par l'émetteur subit ainsi une première transformation pour passer de la forme d'une onde progressive à celle d'une onde stationnaire, puis une deuxième transformation qui lui donne la forme d'une onde rayonnée. Dans le cas d'une antenne réceptrice le signal prend les mêmes formes dans les mêmes organes mais les transformations se font dans l'ordre et dans le sens inverses.In the case of a transmitting antenna with a resonant structure, the respective functions of the coupling device, the connection line and the antenna are as follows: the function of the connection line is to carry a radio frequency or microwave signal from the transmitter to the antenna terminals. Throughout such a line the signal is propagates in the form of a traveling wave without undergoing, at least in principle, significant modification of its characteristics. The function of coupling device is to transform the signal supplied by the line of connection so that this signal excites a resonance of the antenna, this is to say that the energy of the traveling wave carrying this signal is transferred to a standing wave settling in the antenna with defined characteristics by the latter. As for the antenna, it transfers the energy of this wave stationary at a wave radiated in space. The signal provided by the transmitter thus undergoes a first transformation to pass from the shape of a wave progressive to that of a standing wave, then a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave. In the case of an antenna receiving the signal takes the same forms in the same organs but the transformations are done in reverse order and direction.

Les lignes de raccordement peuvent être réalisées selon une technique autre que planaire, par exemple sous la forme de lignes coaxiales.The connection lines can be made according to a technique other than planar, for example in the form of coaxial lines.

Des antennes réalisées selon les techniques planaires sont incluses dans divers types d'appareils. Ces appareils sont notamment des radiotéléphones portables, des stations de base pour ces derniers, des automobiles et des avions ou des missiles aériens. Dans le cas d'un radiotéléphone portable le caractère continu de la couche de masse inférieure de cette antenne permet de limiter facilement la puissance de rayonnement interceptée par le corps de l'utilisateur de l'appareil. Dans le cas des automobiles et surtout dans celui des avions ou missiles dont la surface extérieure est métallique et présente un profil incurvé permettant d'obtenir une faible traínée aérodynamique, l'antenne peut être conformée à ce profil de manière à ne pas faire apparaítre de traínée aérodynamique supplémentaire gênante.Antennas produced using planar techniques are included in various types of devices. These devices include portable radiotelephones, base stations for the latter, automobiles and airplanes or air missiles. In the case of a portable radio the continuous nature of the lower mass layer of this antenna makes it possible to easily limit the radiation power intercepted by the body of the user of the device. In the case of automobiles and especially in that of planes or missiles whose surface exterior is metallic and has a curved profile to obtain a low aerodynamic drag, the antenna can be shaped to this profile so as not to cause additional aerodynamic drag embarrassing.

La demande de brevet Européen EP 0 749 176 décrit une antenne réalisée selon la technique des microrubans, cette antenne comportant :

  • un substrat diélectrique plan ;
  • un conducteur constituant un plan de masse, sur la surface inférieure de ce substrat ;
  • trois zones conductrices s'étendant sur la surface supérieure du substrat et ayant chacune une forme allongées donnant à l'antenne une forme de double C ou chandelier à trois branches.
  • un dispositif de couplage d'antenne commun à toutes les zones conductrices.
European patent application EP 0 749 176 describes an antenna produced using the microstrip technique, this antenna comprising:
  • a planar dielectric substrate;
  • a conductor constituting a ground plane, on the lower surface of this substrate;
  • three conductive zones extending over the upper surface of the substrate and each having an elongated shape giving the antenna a double C shape or three-branched candlestick.
  • an antenna coupling device common to all conductive areas.

La zone située au milieu du chandelier a un noeud de champ électrique fixé par une série de courts-circuits vers le plan de masse, cette série de courts-circuits étant disposée tout le long de l'axe de symétrie de cette zone.The area in the middle of the candlestick has a field node electric fixed by a series of short circuits to the ground plane, this series short circuits being arranged along the axis of symmetry of this zone.

Les zones conductrices sont séparées l'une de l'autre par des fentes de largeur relativement grande (0,7 cm pour une longueur d'onde de 3,3 cm), ce qui permet de réaliser une antenne de taille plus petite que celle des antennes connues, pour une longueur d'onde donnée. Cependant cette antenne ne peut pas fonctionner convenablement sur plusieurs fréquences, par exemple dans un radiotéléphone multibande.The conductive areas are separated from each other by slots of relatively large width (0.7 cm for a wavelength of 3.3 cm), this which makes it possible to produce an antenna of smaller size than that of the antennas known, for a given wavelength. However, this antenna cannot not operate properly on multiple frequencies, for example in a multiband radiotelephone.

La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement le cas où une antenne de ce genre doit avoir les qualités suivantes :

  • elle doit être multifréquence c'est à dire qu'elle doit pouvoir émettre et/ou recevoir efficacement sur plusieurs fréquences de fonctionnement,
  • elle doit pouvoir être raccordée à un organe de traitement de signal à l'aide d'une seule ligne de raccordement pour l'ensemble des fréquences de fonctionnement,
  • et il ne doit pas être nécessaire pour cela d'utiliser un multiplexeur ou démultiplexeur en fréquence.
The present invention relates more particularly to the case where an antenna of this kind must have the following qualities:
  • it must be multi-frequency, that is to say it must be able to transmit and / or receive efficiently on several operating frequencies,
  • it must be possible to be connected to a signal processor using a single connection line for all operating frequencies,
  • and it should not be necessary for this to use a frequency multiplexer or demultiplexer.

Plusieurs antennes connues sont réalisées selon la technique des microrubans et ont les qualités ci-dessus. Elles vont être examinées :Several known antennas are produced according to the technique of microstrips and have the above qualities. They will be examined:

Une première antenne connue est décrite dans le document de brevet US-A- 4,766,440 (Gegan ). La pastille 10 de cette antenne présente une fente incurvée en forme de U qui est continue et entièrement intérieure à cette pastille. Cette fente est radiative et fait apparaítre un mode de résonance supplémentaire de l'antenne. Elle permet en outre, par un choix convenable de sa forme et de ses dimensions, d'amener les fréquences des modes de résonance à des valeurs souhaitées ce qui donne la possibilité d'associer deux modes à polarisations linéaires croisées pour émettre une onde à polarisation circulaire. La ligne d'alimentation se termine par un dispositif de couplage qui est une ligne réalisée selon la technique des microrubans telle que précisée ci-dessus mais dont il est aussi dit qu'elle est coplanaire, ceci parce que le microruban s'étend dans le plan de la pastille et pénètre entre deux encoches de cette dernière. Ce dispositif est muni de moyens de transformation d'impédance pour l'adapter aux différentes impédances d'entrée respectivement présentées par la ligne aux différentes fréquences de résonance utilisées comme fréquences de fonctionnement.A first known antenna is described in the document of US-A-4,766,440 (Gegan). The patch 10 of this antenna has a U-shaped curved slot which is continuous and entirely internal to this pellet. This slit is radiative and shows a mode of resonance additional antenna. It also allows, by a suitable choice of its shape and its dimensions, to bring the frequencies of the modes of resonance with desired values which gives the possibility of associating two linear cross-polarized modes for emitting a polarized wave circular. The supply line ends with a coupling device which is a line produced using the microstrip technique as specified above but which is also said to be coplanar, this because the microstrip extends in the plane of the patch and enters between two notches of the latter. This device is provided with transformation means impedance to adapt it to the different input impedances respectively presented by the line at the different resonance frequencies used as operating frequencies.

Cette première antenne connue présente notamment les inconvénients suivants :

  • L'antenne étant du type demi-onde, sa dimension longitudinale peut être gênante dans le cas où une miniaturisation est souhaitable.
  • La nécessité de prévoir des moyens de transformation d'impédance complique la réalisation.
  • L'ajustement précis des fréquences de résonance à des valeurs souhaitées est difficile à réaliser.
This first known antenna has the following disadvantages in particular:
  • The antenna being of the half-wave type, its longitudinal dimension can be troublesome in the case where miniaturization is desirable.
  • The need to provide means for impedance transformation complicates the implementation.
  • It is difficult to precisely adjust the resonant frequencies to desired values.

Une deuxième antenne connue est décrite dans le document de brevet US-A-4,692,769 (Gegan). Sa pastille présente une fente s'étendant selon un arc de cercle ou un segment de droite intérieur à la pastille. Cette fente fait apparaítre un mode de résonance supplémentaire. Les extrémités de la fente en arc de cercle présentent des élargissements permettant de donner à l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne une même valeur pour les différentes fréquences de fonctionnement. Cette deuxième antenne connue présente notamment les inconvénients suivants :

  • L'inconvénient ci-dessus lié au type demi-onde.
  • Les polarisations des ondes émises aux deux fréquences de résonance de l'antenne sont nécessairement croisées, ce qui peut compliquer la réalisation de certains systèmes de télécommunication utilisant cette antenne.
A second known antenna is described in patent document US-A-4,692,769 (Gegan). Its patch has a slot extending in an arc or a line segment inside the patch. This slot brings up an additional mode of resonance. The ends of the arcuate slot have enlargements which make it possible to give the input impedance of the antenna the same value for the different operating frequencies. This second known antenna has the following disadvantages in particular:
  • The above drawback related to the half-wave type.
  • The polarizations of the waves emitted at the two resonant frequencies of the antenna are necessarily crossed, which can complicate the production of certain telecommunications systems using this antenna.

Une troisième antenne connue est décrite dans le document de brevet US-A-4,771,291 (LO et al). Sa pastille comporte des fentes s'étendant selon des segments de droite respectifs intérieurs à la pastille. Ces fentes permettent de diminuer l'écart entre les deux fréquences de fonctionnement. Des courts-circuits ponctuels permettent eux aussi de diminuer cet écart. Ils sont constitués par des conducteurs traversant le substrat.A third known antenna is described in the document of US-A-4,771,291 (LO et al). Its patch has slots extending along respective line segments inside the patch. These slots reduce the difference between the two operating frequencies. Occasional short circuits also reduce this difference. They are formed by conductors passing through the substrate.

Cette troisième antenne connue présente notamment les inconvénients suivants :

  • L'inconvénient ci-dessus lié au type demi-onde.
  • L'incorporation des courts-circuits ponctuels complique la réalisation de l'antenne.
  • Il en est de même de l'alimentation de l'antenne par une ligne coaxiale.
This third known antenna has the following disadvantages in particular:
  • The above drawback related to the half-wave type.
  • The incorporation of specific short circuits complicates the creation of the antenna.
  • It is the same for the supply of the antenna by a coaxial line.

La présente invention a notamment les buts suivants :

  • limiter les dimensions d'une antenne multifréquence,
  • permettre un ajustement facile et précis des fréquences de fonctionnement de cette antenne, et
  • permettre d'utiliser un dispositif de couplage unique et facilement adaptable en impédance pour plusieurs fréquences de travail.
The present invention has in particular the following aims:
  • limit the dimensions of a multi-frequency antenna,
  • allow easy and precise adjustment of the operating frequencies of this antenna, and
  • allow the use of a single coupling device that is easily adaptable in impedance for several working frequencies.

Et dans ces buts elle a notamment pour objet une antenne multifréquence réalisée selon la technique des microrubans, cette antenne comportant :

  • un substrat diélectrique plan ;
  • un conducteur constituant un plan de masse, sur la surface inférieure de ce substrat ;
  • plusieurs zones conductrices s'étendant sur la surface supérieure du substrat et ayant chacune une forme allongées et raccordant à une base donnant à l'antenne une forme en chandelier à plusieures branches;
  • un dispositif de couplage d'antenne commun à toutes les zones conductrices ;
   et étant caractérisée en ce que ces zones conductrices sont séparées l'une de l'autre par des fentes de largeurs très inférieures aux longueurs d'onde d'utilisation de l'antenne ;
   en ce que ces zones conductrices sont suffisamment découplées mutuellement pour permettre à diverses résonances de s'établir, respectivement, dans diverses aires formées par ces zones, ces résonances étant au moins approximativement du type quart d'onde ;
   et en ce que chacune de ces zones a un noeud de champ électrique fixé par au moins un court-circuit vers le plan de masse, et que ce court-circuit est situé au voisinage de ladite base du chandelier.And for these purposes, it has in particular for object a multifrequency antenna produced according to the microstrip technique, this antenna comprising:
  • a planar dielectric substrate;
  • a conductor constituting a ground plane, on the lower surface of this substrate;
  • several conductive zones extending over the upper surface of the substrate and each having an elongated shape and connecting to a base giving the antenna a candlestick shape with several branches;
  • an antenna coupling device common to all conductive areas;
and being characterized in that these conductive zones are separated from each other by slots of widths much less than the wavelengths of use of the antenna;
in that these conductive zones are mutually sufficiently decoupled to allow various resonances to be established, respectively, in various areas formed by these zones, these resonances being at least approximately of the quarter wave type;
and in that each of these zones has an electric field node fixed by at least one short circuit to the ground plane, and that this short circuit is located in the vicinity of said base of the candlestick.

Divers aspects de la présente invention seront mieux compris avec l'aide de la description ci-après et des figures schématiques ci-jointes. Lorsqu'un même élément est représenté sur plusieurs de ces figures il y est désigné par les mêmes chiffres et/ou lettres de référence. Various aspects of the present invention will be better understood with using the description below and the attached schematic figures. When the same element is represented in several of these figures, it is there designated by the same numbers and / or reference letters.

La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de communication incluant une première antenne réalisée selon cette invention.FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a device for communication including a first antenna produced according to this invention.

La figure 2 représente une vue de dessus de l'antenne de la figure 1.Figure 2 shows a top view of the antenna of the figure 1.

La figure 3 représente une vue de face de cette même antenne.FIG. 3 represents a front view of this same antenna.

La figure 4 représente un diagramme de la variation d'un coefficient de réflexion en décibels en entrée de cette même antenne en fonction de la fréquence exprimée en MHz.Figure 4 shows a diagram of the variation of a reflection coefficient in decibels at the input of this same antenna in function of the frequency expressed in MHz.

La figure 5 représente une vue de dessus d'une deuxième antenne réalisée selon cette invention.Figure 5 shows a top view of a second antenna made according to this invention.

La première antenne selon la présente invention comporte tout d'abord une structure résonante qui comporte elle même les éléments suivants :

  • Un substrat diélectrique 2 présentant deux surfaces principales mutuellement opposées s'étendant selon des directions définies dans cette antenne et constituant des directions horizontales DL et DT, ces directions pouvant dépendre de la zone considérée de l'antenne. Ce substrat peut présenter des formes diverses comme précédemment exposé. Ses deux surfaces principales constituent respectivement une surface inférieure S1 et une surface supérieure S2. Une autre direction est également définie dans cette antenne. Elle forme un angle avec chacune de ces directions horizontales et constitue une direction verticale DV. L'angle formé est typiquement un angle droit. Mais cette direction verticale peut aussi faire des angles différents avec ces directions horizontales et elle peut elle aussi dépendre de la zone considérée. Le substrat présente plusieurs surfaces de tranches, telles que la surface S3, qui relient chacune un bord de la surface inférieure à un bord correspondant de la surface supérieure et qui contiennent cette direction verticale.
  • Une couche conductrice inférieure s'étendant sur cette surface inférieure et constituant une masse 4 de cette antenne.
  • Une couche conductrice supérieure s'étendant sur une aire de cette surface supérieure au dessus de la masse 4 de manière à constituer une pastille 6 du type désigné mondialement par le mot anglais patch. Cette pastille a une configuration spécifique à cette antenne. Elle a aussi une longueur et une largeur s'étendant selon deux dites directions horizontales constituant une direction longitudinale DL et une direction transversale DT, respectivement, cette dernière direction étant parallèle à la surface de tranche S3. Quoique les mots longueur et largeur s'appliquent usuellement aux deux dimensions mutuellement perpendiculaires d'un objet rectangulaire, la longueur étant plus grande que la largeur, il doit être compris que la pastille 6 pourrait s'écarter d'une telle forme sans sortir du cadre de cette invention. Plus particulièrement les directions DL et DT peuvent former un angle différent de 90 degrés, les bords de cette pastille peuvent ne pas être rectilignes et sa dite longueur peut être plus courte que sa dite largeur. L'un de ces bords se situe à l'intersection de la surface supérieure S2 et de la surface de tranche S3. Il s étend donc selon la direction transversale DT. Il constitue un bord arrière 10 et définit selon la direction longitudinale DL un sens vers l'arrière DB dirigé vers ce bord arrière et un sens vers l'avant DF opposé à ce sens vers l'arrière. Par ailleurs la configuration de la pastille 6 forme au moins une fente F1 à l'intérieur de cette pastille. La présence de cette fente fait apparaítre au moins une résonance supplémentaire dans un groupe de résonances de cette antenne. Ce groupe inclut plusieurs résonances correspondant respectivement à plusieurs modes de fonctionnement et à plusieurs fréquences de fonctionnement de cette antenne. Il peut aussi inclure des résonances non exploitées pour l'utilisation de l'antenne.
  • Enfin un court circuit C2 raccordant électriquement la pastille 6 à la masse 4. Ce court-circuit est formé dans la surface de tranche S3 qui est typiquement plane et constitue alors un plan de court-circuit. Il impose à des résonances de l'antenne d'être au moins approximativement du type quart d'onde.
The first antenna according to the present invention firstly comprises a resonant structure which itself comprises the following elements:
  • A dielectric substrate 2 having two mutually opposite main surfaces extending in directions defined in this antenna and constituting horizontal directions DL and DT, these directions being able to depend on the considered zone of the antenna. This substrate can have various shapes as previously exposed. Its two main surfaces respectively constitute a lower surface S1 and an upper surface S2. Another direction is also defined in this antenna. It forms an angle with each of these horizontal directions and constitutes a vertical direction DV. The angle formed is typically a right angle. But this vertical direction can also make different angles with these horizontal directions and it can also depend on the zone considered. The substrate has several wafer surfaces, such as the surface S3, which each connect an edge of the lower surface to a corresponding edge of the upper surface and which contain this vertical direction.
  • A lower conductive layer extending over this lower surface and constituting a mass 4 of this antenna.
  • An upper conductive layer extending over an area of this upper surface above the mass 4 so as to constitute a patch 6 of the type designated worldwide by the English word patch. This patch has a configuration specific to this antenna. It also has a length and a width extending in two said horizontal directions constituting a longitudinal direction DL and a transverse direction DT, respectively, this latter direction being parallel to the wafer surface S3. Although the words length and width usually apply to the two mutually perpendicular dimensions of a rectangular object, the length being greater than the width, it should be understood that the patch 6 could deviate from such a shape without leaving the part of this invention. More particularly, the directions DL and DT can form an angle different from 90 degrees, the edges of this patch may not be straight and its said length may be shorter than its said width. One of these edges is located at the intersection of the upper surface S2 and the edge surface S3. It therefore extends in the transverse direction DT. It constitutes a rear edge 10 and defines in the longitudinal direction DL a rearward direction DB directed towards this rear edge and a forward direction DF opposite to this rearward direction. Furthermore, the configuration of the patch 6 forms at least one slot F1 inside this patch. The presence of this slot causes at least one additional resonance to appear in a group of resonances of this antenna. This group includes several resonances corresponding respectively to several operating modes and to several operating frequencies of this antenna. It can also include unused resonances for the use of the antenna.
  • Finally a short circuit C2 electrically connecting the patch 6 to ground 4. This short circuit is formed in the wafer surface S3 which is typically planar and then constitutes a short circuit plane. It requires resonances of the antenna to be at least approximately of the quarter wave type.

L'antenne comporte de plus un dispositif de couplage présentant plus particulièrement la forme d'une ligne de couplage. Ce dispositif comporte d'une part un conducteur principal constitué de deux tronçons C1 et C3 et raccordé à la pastille 6 en un point de raccordement interne 18. Il comporte d'autre part un conducteur de masse également composite qui coopère avec ce conducteur principal et qui sera décrit plus loin. Il constitue tout ou partie d'un ensemble de raccordement qui raccorde la structure résonante de l'antenne à un organe de traitement de signal 8, par exemple pour exciter une ou plusieurs résonances de l'antenne à partir de cet organe dans le cas où ii s'agit d'une antenne émettrice. En plus de ce dispositif l'ensemble de raccordement comporte, typiquement, une ligne de raccordement telle que C4, C5, qui est externe à l'antenne et qui comporte deux conducteurs. A une extrémité de cette ligne du côté de l'antenne, ces deux conducteurs sont connectés respectivement à deux conducteurs de raccordement qui appartiennent au dispositif de couplage et qui, peuvent être considérées comme constituant deux bornes de l'antenne. A l'autre extrémité de cette ligne, les deux conducteurs de cette dernière sont connectés respectivement à deux bornes de l'organe de traitement de signal. Cette ligne peut notamment être du type coaxial, du type à microruban ou du type coplanaire. Dans le cas où l'antenne considérée constitue une antenne réceptrice, ce même ensemble transmet les signaux reçus par cette antenne à l'organe de traitement de signal. Les divers éléments de cet ensemble ont les fonctions respectives précédemment définies.The antenna further includes a coupling device having more particularly the shape of a coupling line. This device includes on the one hand, a main conductor made up of two sections C1 and C3 and connected to the patch 6 at an internal connection point 18. It comprises on the other hand an equally composite ground conductor which cooperates with this main conductor and which will be described later. It constitutes all or part of a connection assembly which connects the resonant structure of the antenna to a signal processor 8, for example to drive one or more resonances of the antenna from this body in the case where it is a transmitting antenna. In addition to this device the connection set typically includes a connecting line such as C4, C5, which is external to the antenna and which comprises two conductors. At one end of this line on the antenna side, these two conductors are connected respectively with two connecting conductors which belong to the coupling and which can be considered as constituting two terminals of the antenna. At the other end of this line, the two conductors of this last are connected respectively to two terminals of the processing unit signal. This line can in particular be of the coaxial type, of the type to microstrip or coplanar type. In case the antenna considered constitutes a receiving antenna, this same assembly transmits the received signals through this antenna to the signal processor. The various elements of this together have the respective functions previously defined.

L'organe de traitement de signal est apte à fonctionner à celles des fréquences de résonance qui constituent des dites fréquences de fonctionnement de l'antenne. Il peut être composite et comporter alors un élément accordé de manière permanente sur chacune de ces fréquences de fonctionnement. Il peut aussi comporter un élément accordable.The signal processor is able to operate at those resonant frequencies which constitute said frequencies of antenna operation. It can be composite and then include a element permanently tuned into each of these frequencies of operation. It can also include a tunable element.

La présente invention a également pour objet un dispositif de communication incluant une antenne selon cette invention et un dit organe de traitement de signal raccordé à cette antenne par un dit ensemble de raccordement. The present invention also relates to a device for communication including an antenna according to this invention and a said organ for signal processing connected to this antenna by a so-called set of connection.

L'antenne donnée en exemple est une antenne bi-fréquence, c'est à dire qu'elle doit pouvoir donner lieu à au moins deux résonances de manière à fonctionner selon deux modes correspondant à deux fréquences de fonctionnement. Dans ce but une fente est formée dans la pastille 6 et débouche vers l'avant à l'extérieur de cette dernière. Elle constitue une fente séparatrice longitudinale F1. L'étendue longitudinale occupée par cette fente définit dans cette pastille une région avant Z2, Z1, Z12, la fente elle-même séparant dans cette région une zone primaire Z1 d'une zone secondaire Z2. Une région arrière ZA s'étend entre cette région avant et le bord arrière 10. De préférence cette région arrière est plus courte et de préférence encore beaucoup plus courte selon la direction longitudinale DL que cette région avant.The antenna given in example is a dual-frequency antenna, it is to say that it must be able to give rise to at least two resonances so to operate in two modes corresponding to two frequencies of operation. For this purpose a slot is formed in the patch 6 and leads forward outside the latter. It constitutes a slit longitudinal divider F1. The longitudinal extent occupied by this slot defines in this patch a region before Z2, Z1, Z12, the slot itself separating in this region a primary zone Z1 from a secondary zone Z2. A rear region ZA extends between this front region and the rear edge 10. De preferably this rear region is shorter and preferably still much shorter in the longitudinal direction DL than this region before.

Le point de raccordement interne 18 est extérieur à la zone secondaire et il est de préférence situé dans la zone primaire Z1. Un dit mode de fonctionnement constitue alors un mode primaire dans lequel une onde stationnaire s'établit grâce à une propagation d'ondes progressives dans les deux sens de cette direction longitudinale ou d'une direction voisine de cette dernière, ces ondes se propageant dans une aire incluant cette zone primaire et cette région arrière en excluant sensiblement la zone secondaire Z2. Un autre mode de fonctionnement constitue un mode secondaire dans lequel une onde stationnaire s'établit grâce à une propagation d'ondes progressives dans les deux mêmes sens, ces ondes se propageant dans une autre aire incluant les zones primaire et secondaire et la région arrière.The internal connection point 18 is outside the area secondary and it is preferably located in the primary zone Z1. A said mode then constitutes a primary mode in which a wave stationary is established thanks to a propagation of progressive waves in the two directions of this longitudinal direction or of a direction close to this last, these waves propagating in an area including this primary zone and this rear region, substantially excluding the secondary zone Z2. Another operating mode constitutes a secondary mode in which a wave stationary is established thanks to a propagation of progressive waves in the same two directions, these waves propagating in another area including the primary and secondary areas and the rear region.

Dans le cadre de cette disposition la région arrière ZA a une première fonction qui est de coupler la zone secondaire à la zone primaire pour permettre l'établissement du mode secondaire. Elle a une seconde fonction qui est de permettre au court-circuit présent sur le bord arrière de jouer son rôle dans chacune de ces deux zones. L'antenne est alors, au moins approximativement, pour chaque fréquence de fonctionnement, du type quart d'onde. Within the framework of this arrangement, the rear region ZA has a first function which is to couple the secondary zone to the primary zone to allow the establishment of the secondary mode. She has a second function which is to allow the short circuit present on the rear edge of play its role in each of these two areas. The antenna is then, at least approximately, for each operating frequency, of the quarter type wave.

Les configurations de la pastille et du dispositif de couplage et plus particulièrement la position longitudinale du point de raccordement interne 18 sont choisies de manière à faire apparaítre une valeur souhaitée prédéterminée de l'impédance présentée par l'antenne pour l'organe de traitement de signal ou plus typiquement pour une ligne de raccordement reliant cet organe à ce dispositif. Cette impédance sera appelée ci-après impédance de l'antenne. Dans le cas d'une antenne émettrice elle est usuellement appelée impédance d'entrée. Sa valeur souhaitée est avantageusement égale à l'impédance de la ligne de raccordement. C'est pourquoi, de préférence, la position du point de raccordement donne à l'impédance de l'antenne sensiblement une même valeur pour les diverses fréquences de fonctionnement.The configurations of the pad and the coupling device and more particularly the longitudinal position of the internal connection point 18 are chosen so as to show a desired value predetermined impedance presented by the antenna for the signal processing or more typically for a connection line connecting this body to this device. This impedance will be called below antenna impedance. In the case of a transmitting antenna it is usually called input impedance. Its desired value is advantageously equal to the impedance of the connection line. It is why, preferably, the position of the connection point gives the antenna impedance substantially the same value for the various operating frequencies.

Il est généralement utile que les fréquences de fonctionnement aient des valeurs souhaitées prédéterminées. Ces valeurs peuvent être avantageusement obtenues par un choix convenable des dimensions longitudinales respectives des zones primaire Z1 et secondaire Z2. C'est pourquoi, dans le cadre de la présente invention, ces deux dimensions sont typiquement différentes. Il en résulte que le bord avant de la pastille s'écarte alors nécessairement d'une ligne droite transversale.It is generally useful that the operating frequencies have predetermined desired values. These values can be advantageously obtained by a suitable choice of dimensions respective longitudinal zones primary Z1 and secondary Z2. It is why, in the context of the present invention, these two dimensions are typically different. As a result, the front edge of the patch deviates then necessarily of a transverse straight line.

Dans le cas plus particulièrement décrit la configuration de la pastille 6 forme de préférence en outre une fente s'étendant selon la direction transversale DT. Cette fente constitue une fente séparatrice transversale F2 séparant partiellement cette zone primaire de la région arrière ZA. De préférence elle se raccorde à l'extrémité arrière de la fente séparatrice longitudinale F1.In the case more particularly described the configuration of the pad 6 preferably further forms a slot extending in the direction transverse DT. This slot constitutes a transverse separating slot F2 partially separating this primary zone from the rear region ZA. Of preferably it connects to the rear end of the separating slot longitudinal F1.

La configuration de la pastille 6 forme encore avantageusement au moins une fente F3 s'étendant dans la zone primaire Z1 selon la direction longitudinale DL. De préférence cette fente s'étend vers l'avant à partir de la fente séparatrice transversale F2. Elle peut être appelée fente d'abaissement de fréquence car son rôle est d'abaisser les fréquences de fonctionnement dans une mesure croissant avec sa longueur. Elle permet ainsi non seulement de limiter la longueur de la pastille nécessaire pour obtenir des valeurs souhaitées prédéterminées des fréquences de fonctionnement, mais aussi d'ajuster ces fréquences grâce à un réglage convenable de la longueur de cette fente.The configuration of the patch 6 advantageously still forms at least one slot F3 extending in the primary zone Z1 in the direction longitudinal DL. Preferably this slot extends forward from the transverse separating slot F2. It can be called a lowering slot. frequency because its role is to lower the operating frequencies in an increasing measure with its length. It not only allows limit the length of the pad necessary to obtain desired values operating frequencies, but also to adjust these frequencies thanks to a suitable adjustment of the length of this slot.

De préférence l'antenne présente un plan de symétrie s'étendant selon les directions longitudinale DL et verticale DV, la trace de ce plan dans la surface supérieure du substrat constituant un axe de symétrie A pour la pastille 6. Lorsque deux éléments sont symétriques l'un de l'autre par rapport à l'axe ou au plan de symétrie le nombre inclus dans les signes de référence de celui qui est à droite sur les figures est égal au nombre correspondant de celui de gauche augmenté de 10. Le dispositif de couplage et la zone primaire Z1 s'étendent au voisinage de l'axe A et la configuration de la pastille forme deux dites fentes séparatrices longitudinales F1, F11 de part et d'autre de cette zone primaire. La zone secondaire comporte alors deux parties Z2, Z12 situées respectivement au delà de ces deux fentes.Preferably the antenna has a plane of symmetry extending in the longitudinal DL and vertical DV directions, the trace of this plane in the upper surface of the substrate constituting an axis of symmetry A for the pellet 6. When two elements are symmetrical to each other with respect to the axis or in the plane of symmetry the number included in the reference signs of the one that is right in the figures is equal to the corresponding number of that of left increased by 10. The coupling device and the primary zone Z1 extend in the vicinity of axis A and the configuration of the patch forms two said longitudinal separating slots F1, F11 on either side of this zone primary. The secondary zone then comprises two parts Z2, Z12 located respectively beyond these two slots.

Dans ces conditions l'ensemble des fentes séparatrices F1, F2, F11, F12 présente la forme d'un U. Les branches et la base de ce U sont respectivement longitudinales et transversale. Cette base présente un intervalle axial 20 s'étendant de part et d'autre de l'axe pour connecter la zone primaire Z1 au court-circuit C2, C12 par l'intermédiaire d'une partie axiale de la région arrière ZA.Under these conditions, all of the separating slots F1, F2, F11, F12 has the shape of a U. The branches and the base of this U are longitudinal and transverse respectively. This base has an interval axial 20 extending on either side of the axis to connect the primary zone Z1 to short circuit C2, C12 via an axial part of the region rear ZA.

Selon une disposition avantageuse la ligne de couplage qui constitue le dispositif de couplage de l'antenne comporte un conducteur appartenant à la couche conductrice supérieure. Plus précisément un tronçon C1 du dit conducteur principal pénètre selon la direction longitudinale DL dans l'aire de la pastille 6. Il s'étend entre une extrémité arrière voisine du bord arrière 10 et une extrémité avant constituant le point de raccordement interne 18. Ce tronçon de conducteur principal présente la forme d'un ruban et peut être appelé ruban de couplage horizontal. Comme connu en soi ce ruban est limité latéralement par deux encoches. Mais, dans l'antenne de la présente invention, ces deux encoches sont suffisamment étroites selon la direction DT et suffisamment longues selon la direction DL pour pouvoir être respectivement considérées comme deux fentes longitudinales F4 et F14. Ces deux fentes séparent ce ruban de la pastille 6 et seront appelées ci-après fentes de couplage. Le choix de leur largeur tient au fait que les paramètres de la ligne dont ce ruban de couplage constitue le conducteur principal peuvent avantageusement être déterminés en concevant cette ligne comme une ligne coplanaire apte à exciter l'antenne d'une manière distribuée selon la longueur de cette ligne plutôt que comme une ligne du type microruban destinée à exciter l'antenne seulement à l'extrémité de cette ligne, le conducteur de masse de cette ligne coplanaire étant alors principalement constitué à la manière d'une ligne coplanaire par les parties de la pastille situées latéralement de part et d'autre de ce ruban au delà des deux fentes F4 et F14 et non par la masse de l'antenne comme dans une ligne à microruban. Cette ligne sera appelée ci-après ligne coplanaire horizontale.According to an advantageous arrangement, the coupling line which constitutes the antenna coupling device comprises a conductor belonging to the upper conductive layer. More precisely a section C1 of said main conductor enters in the longitudinal direction DL into the area of the patch 6. It extends between a rear end close to the edge rear 10 and a front end constituting the internal connection point 18. This section of main conductor is in the form of a ribbon and can be called horizontal coupling tape. As known per se this ribbon is laterally limited by two notches. But, in the antenna of this invention, these two notches are sufficiently narrow in the direction DT and long enough in DL direction to be able to be respectively considered as two longitudinal slots F4 and F14. These two slots separate this ribbon from the patch 6 and will be called hereinafter slots coupling. The choice of their width is due to the fact that the line parameters of which this coupling tape constitutes the main conductor can advantageously be determined by conceiving this line as a line coplanar able to excite the antenna in a lengthwise manner of this line rather than as a microstrip type line intended for excite the antenna only at the end of this line, the ground conductor of this coplanar line then being mainly constituted in the manner of a coplanar line by the parts of the patch located laterally on the side and other of this ribbon beyond the two slots F4 and F14 and not by the mass of the antenna as in a microstrip line. This line will be called below horizontal coplanar line.

Elle permettrait de coupler l'antenne par l'intermédiaire d'un signal électromagnétique appliqué ou recueilli par la ligne de raccordement externe à l'extrémité arrière de cette ligne coplanaire horizontale entre deux bornes communes à cette ligne coplanaire horizontale et à l'antenne, ces deux bornes étant respectivement constituées par ce conducteur de masse de cette ligne et l'extrémité arrière de ce ruban. Mais, au moins dans le cas d'appareils tels que certains radiotéléphones, la réalisation de la connexion entre le dispositif de couplage et cette ligne externe par l'intermédiaire de tels conducteurs situés dans le plan de la pastille compliquerait la fabrication de ces appareils.It would allow the antenna to be coupled via a signal electromagnetic applied or collected by the external connection line to the rear end of this horizontal coplanar line between two terminals common to this horizontal coplanar line and to the antenna, these two terminals being respectively constituted by this ground conductor of this line and the back end of this ribbon. But, at least in the case of devices such as some radiotelephones, making the connection between the coupling and this external line through such conductors located in the pellet plan would complicate the manufacture of these devices.

Plus particulièrement la ligne coplanaire horizontale en question s'étend selon l'axe A. Elle passe dans l'intervalle axial 20 de la base du U, cet intervalle étant délimité par les deux fentes de couplage F4 et F14. Comme précédemment indiqué la position de l'extrémité avant 18 de son conducteur principal est déterminée pour donner une valeur souhaitée à l'impédance de l'antenne. Mais cette impédance dépend aussi d'autres paramètres tels que les largeurs du ruban de couplage C1 et des fentes de couplage, ainsi que de la nature du substrat.More particularly the horizontal coplanar line in question extends along the axis A. It passes in the axial interval 20 of the base of the U, this interval being delimited by the two coupling slots F4 and F14. As previously indicated the position of the front end 18 of its conductor principal is determined to give a desired value to the impedance of the antenna. But this impedance also depends on other parameters such as the widths of C1 coupling tape and coupling slots, as well as nature of the substrate.

Selon une autre disposition avantageuse, ledit court-circuit est un court-circuit composite comportant deux conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12. Ces deux conducteurs s'étendent selon la direction verticale DV en laissant entre eux un intervalle libre. Chacun d'eux raccorde la masse 4 de l'antenne à la pastille 6.According to another advantageous arrangement, said short circuit is a composite short-circuit comprising two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. These two conductors extend in the vertical direction DV leaving between them a free interval. Each of them connects the ground 4 of the antenna to tablet 6.

La ligne de couplage d'antenne comporte en outre des conducteurs de raccordement qui sont formés sur la surface de tranche S3 et qui peuvent former une ligne coplanaire verticale. Une telle ligne est plus particulièrement constituée par les conducteurs suivants :

  • Un conducteur principal C3 s'étendant selon la direction verticale DV entre une extrémité inférieure et une extrémité supérieure dans l'intervalle laissé entre les deux conducteurs de court-circuit. Cette extrémité supérieure se raccorde à l'extrémité arrière du conducteur principal C1 de la ligne coplanaire horizontale. Ce conducteur principal de la ligne coplanaire verticale constitue en même temps ledit premier conducteur de raccordement, une première borne de l'antenne et un tronçon vertical du conducteur principal de la ligne de couplage.
  • Et deux dits conducteurs de masse de cette ligne coopérant avec le conducteur C3 et constitués par les deux conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12. Ces deux conducteurs de court-circuit constituent en même temps conjointement une deuxième borne de l'antenne.
The antenna coupling line further comprises connection conductors which are formed on the wafer surface S3 and which can form a vertical coplanar line. Such a line is more particularly constituted by the following conductors:
  • A main conductor C3 extending in the vertical direction DV between a lower end and an upper end in the space left between the two short-circuit conductors. This upper end is connected to the rear end of the main conductor C1 of the horizontal coplanar line. This main conductor of the vertical coplanar line constitutes at the same time said first connection conductor, a first antenna terminal and a vertical section of the main conductor of the coupling line.
  • And two said ground conductors of this line cooperating with the conductor C3 and constituted by the two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. These two short-circuit conductors simultaneously constitute a second terminal of the antenna.

Dans le cas d'un appareil de dimensions limitées, le fait que ces conducteurs de raccordement soient formés sur la surface de tranche S3 facilite sensiblement la réalisation d'un raccordement entre d'une part le dispositif de couplage appartenant à l'antenne formée en surface de l'appareil et d'autre part, une ligne de raccordement reliant ce dispositif à un organe de traitement de signal. Si cet organe est situé à l'intérieur de cet appareil, cette ligne peut prendre la forme d'une ligne coaxiale qui, au voisinage de l'antenne, est perpendiculaire au plan de celle-ci. Dans d'autres cas cette disposition des conducteurs de raccordement facilite le raccordement de l'antenne à des conducteurs portés par une carte-mère sur une face de laquelle le substrat de l'antenne a été préalablement fixé, la ligne de raccordement étant alors typiquement, au moins au voisinage de l'antenne, parallèle à la direction longitudinale de celle-ci. Par ailleurs la réalisation de tels conducteurs de raccordement aptes à former des bornes de l'antenne sur la surface de tranche du substrat ne complique la fabrication de l'antenne que d'une manière négligeable. En effet d'une part la réalisation des conducteurs de court-circuit est nécessaire pour que l'antenne fabriquée soit du type quart d'onde. D'autre part le premier conducteur de raccordement peut être réalisé par un processus au moins analogue à celui de la réalisation des conducteurs de court-circuit et, dans la plupart des cas, au cours d'une même étape de fabrication.In the case of a device of limited dimensions, the fact that these connection conductors are formed on the wafer surface S3 facilitates substantially the realization of a connection between on the one hand the device coupling belonging to the antenna formed on the surface of the device and other hand, a connection line connecting this device to a processing unit signal. If this organ is located inside this device, this line can take the form of a coaxial line which, in the vicinity of the antenna, is perpendicular to the plane thereof. In other cases this provision of connection conductors facilitate the connection of the antenna to conductors carried by a motherboard on one side of which the substrate of the antenna has been previously fixed, the connection line then being typically, at least in the vicinity of the antenna, parallel to the direction longitudinal of it. Furthermore, the realization of such conductors of connection capable of forming antenna terminals on the wafer surface substrate only complicates antenna fabrication in one way negligible. On the one hand, the realization of short-circuit conductors is necessary for the manufactured antenna to be of the quarter wave type. Else apart the first connection conductor can be realized by a process at least analogous to that of making the short-circuit conductors and, in most cases, during the same manufacturing step.

Plus particulièrement, selon une disposition avantageuse propre à la première antenne donnée en exemple, l'ensemble des conducteurs de raccordement du dispositif de couplage est réalisé collectivement par les étapes suivantes :

  • Formation d'une couche conductrice verticale sur la surface de tranche S3, et
  • gravure de cette couche pour réaliser à la fois les deux conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12 et le premier conducteur de raccordement C3. Ces conducteurs constituent alors respectivement deux bandes de court-circuit et un ruban de couplage vertical.
More particularly, according to an advantageous arrangement specific to the first antenna given as an example, all of the connection conductors of the coupling device are produced collectively by the following steps:
  • Formation of a vertical conductive layer on the wafer surface S3, and
  • etching of this layer to produce both the two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12 and the first connection conductor C3. These conductors then respectively constitute two short-circuit strips and a vertical coupling strip.

De préférence les conducteurs de raccordement occupent seulement une fraction du bord arrière 10. Dans l'antenne donnée en exemple il s'agit sensiblement de la même fraction que celle de la zone primaire Z1.Preferably the connection conductors occupy only a fraction of the rear edge 10. In the antenna given as an example it is essentially the same fraction as that of the primary zone Z1.

De préférence les largeurs des rubans de couplage et des fentes telles que les fentes de couplage situées de part et d'autre de ces rubans sont choisies de manière à donner une impédance uniforme et convenable, qui est typiquement de 50 ohms, à la ligne de couplage constituée par les lignes coplanaires verticale et horizontale. L'impédance de l'antenne est par ailleurs ajustée par le choix de la position du point de raccordement interne 18.Preferably the widths of the coupling tapes and slots such that the coupling slots located on either side of these ribbons are chosen so as to give a uniform and suitable impedance, which is typically 50 ohms, to the coupling line formed by the lines vertical and horizontal coplanar. The impedance of the antenna is also adjusted by the choice of the position of the internal connection point 18.

Dans le mode de réalisation donné en exempie la ligne de raccordement externe à l'antenne est une ligne coaxiale. Elle comporte un conducteur axial C4. A une première extrémité de !a ligne ce conducteur axial est raccordé au conducteur C3. A l'autre extrémité de la ligne il est raccordé à une première borne de l'organe de traitement de signal 8. Sur la longueur de la ligne il est entouré par une gaine conductrice C5. A la première extrémité de la ligne cette gaine est raccordée à la fois aux deux conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12. A l'autre extrémité de la ligne elle est raccordée à l'autre borne de l'organe de traitement de signal 8 qui est constitué par exemple par un émetteur 8.In the exemplary embodiment the line of external connection to the antenna is a coaxial line. It includes a axial conductor C4. At one end of the line this axial conductor is connected to conductor C3. At the other end of the line it is connected to a first terminal of the signal processing member 8. Over the length of the line is surrounded by a conductive sheath C5. At the first end of the line this sheath is connected to both the two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. At the other end of the line it is connected to the other terminal of the signal processing member 8 which is constituted for example by a transmitter 8.

Dans le cadre d'un mode de réalisation d'une antenne émettrice selon cette invention, diverses compositions et valeurs vont être indiquées ci-après à titre d'exemple chiffré. Les longueurs et largeurs sont respectivement indiquées selon les directions longitudinale DL et transversale DT.
   fréquence de fonctionnement primaire 940 MHz,

  • fréquence de fonctionnement secondaire 870 MHz,
  • impédance d'entrée : 50 Ohms,
  • composition et épaisseur du substrat : résine époxy ayant une permittivité relative er = 4,3 et un facteur de dissipation tg d =0,02, épaisseur 1,6 mm,
  • composition et épaisseur des couches conductrices :cuivre, 17 microns,
  • longueur de la zone primaire Z1 : 26 mm,
  • largeur de la zone Z1 : 29 mm,
  • longueur des zones secondaires Z2 et Z12 : 30 mm,
  • largeur de chacune de ces zones : 5,5 mm,
  • longueur de la région arrière Z3 : 2,5 mm,
  • longueur du conducteur C1 de la ligne coplanaire horizontale : 25 mm,
  • largeur du conducteur C1 et du conducteur principal C3 de la ligne coplanaire verticale : 2,1 mm,
  • hauteur du conducteur C3 : O,8 mm,
  • largeur commune à toutes les fentes, cette largeur étant indiquée selon la direction horizontale pour les fentes transversales F2 et F12 :0,5 mm,
  • longueur des fentes d'abaissement de fréquence F3 et F13 : 5 mm,
  • largeur de l'intervalle axial 20 : 7 mm,
  • largeur de chacun des conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12 : 5mm.
In the context of an embodiment of a transmitting antenna according to this invention, various compositions and values will be indicated below by way of numerical example. The lengths and widths are indicated respectively in the longitudinal directions DL and transverse directions DT.
primary operating frequency 940 MHz,
  • secondary operating frequency 870 MHz,
  • input impedance: 50 Ohms,
  • composition and thickness of the substrate: epoxy resin having a relative permittivity e r = 4.3 and a dissipation factor tg d = 0.02, thickness 1.6 mm,
  • composition and thickness of the conductive layers: copper, 17 microns,
  • length of primary zone Z1: 26 mm,
  • width of zone Z1: 29 mm,
  • length of secondary zones Z2 and Z12: 30 mm,
  • width of each of these zones: 5.5 mm,
  • length of the rear region Z3: 2.5 mm,
  • length of the conductor C1 of the horizontal coplanar line: 25 mm,
  • width of the conductor C1 and the main conductor C3 of the vertical coplanar line: 2.1 mm,
  • conductor height C3: O, 8 mm,
  • width common to all the slots, this width being indicated in the horizontal direction for the transverse slots F2 and F12: 0.5 mm,
  • length of the frequency lowering slots F3 and F13: 5 mm,
  • width of the axial gap 20: 7 mm,
  • width of each of the short-circuit conductors C2 and C12: 5mm.

La deuxième antenne donnée en exemple de mise en oeuvre de la présente invention est représentée à la figure 5 et est de manière générale analogue à la première antenne précédemment décrite. Lorsqu'un élément de cette deuxième antenne a les mêmes fonctions qu'un élément de cette première antenne, il est désigné par les mêmes lettres et/ou chiffres de référence, sauf que les nombres formés par ces chiffres sont augmentés de cent, la zone primaire Z101 de cette deuxième antenne étant par exemple analogue à la zone primaire Z1 de la première antenne. Cette deuxième antenne diffère de la première antenne sur les points suivants :The second antenna given as an example of implementation of the present invention is shown in Figure 5 and is generally analogous to the first antenna previously described. When an element of this second antenna has the same functions as an element of this first antenna, it is designated by the same letters and / or reference numbers, except that the numbers formed by these numbers are increased by one hundred, the area primary Z101 of this second antenna being for example analogous to the primary zone Z1 of the first antenna. This second antenna differs from the first antenna on the following points:

Tout d'abord elle est réalisée dans le cas où trois fréquences de fonctionnement sont nécessaires. La pastille 106 comporte alors, en outre, deux zones tertiaires mutuellement symétriques. Une première fente F101 en forme de U sépare partiellement la zone primaire Z101 des deux zones secondaires Z102 et Z112. Elle est englobée dans une deuxième fente F105 de même forme séparant de même les zones secondaires des zones tertiaires Z103 et Z113.First of all it is carried out in the case where three frequencies of are required. The patch 106 then further comprises two mutually symmetrical tertiary areas. A first shaped F101 slot de U partially separates the primary zone Z101 from the two secondary zones Z102 and Z112. It is included in a second F105 slot similarly shape similarly separating the secondary zones from the tertiary zones Z103 and Z113.

Ensuite le court-circuit est constitué par un conducteur unique C102 s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la pastille 106 et le couplage entre les zones primaires, secondaires et tertiaires est réalisé dans la région arrière ZA grâce à l'intervalle axial 120. Enfin le couplage de l'antenne est réalisé à partir d'une ligne coaxiale verticaie. Un tronçon termina! du conducteur axial C104 de cette ligne traverse le substrat 102 et est soudé à la pastille 106 dans la zone primaire Z101. Il constitue ainsi le dispositif de couplage de l'antenne. La gaine conductrice C105 de cette ligne est soudée à la masse non représentée de l'antenne, cette masse étant constituée par une couche conductrice continue non représentée couvrant la surface inférieure du substrat 102. La partie de cette ligne coaxiale s'étendant au dessous de l'antenne constitue la ligne de raccordement de celle-ci.Then the short circuit is constituted by a single conductor C102 extending over the entire width of the patch 106 and the coupling between the primary, secondary and tertiary areas is carried out in the rear region ZA thanks to the axial interval 120. Finally, the antenna is coupled from of a vertical coaxial line. A section ended! of the axial conductor C104 of this line crosses the substrate 102 and is welded to the pad 106 in the primary zone Z101. It thus constitutes the antenna coupling device. The conductive sheath C105 of this line is soldered to ground not shown of the antenna, this mass consisting of a continuous conductive layer not shown covering the lower surface of the substrate 102. The part of this coaxial line extending below the antenna constitutes the line of connection thereof.

Il doit être compris que le nombre des fréquences de fonctionnement d'une antenne réalisée selon la présente invention peut être supérieur à trois, la pastille d'une telle antenne comportant alors, par exemple, dans le'cas de quatre fréquences, une zone primaire, deux zones secondaires, deux zones tertiaires et deux zones quaternaires.It should be understood that the number of frequencies of operation of an antenna produced according to the present invention can be greater than three, the patch of such an antenna then comprising, for example, in the case of four frequencies, a primary zone, two secondary zones, two tertiary zones and two quaternary zones.

Par ailleurs les configurations de la pastille et du court-circuit ne sont pas nécessairement symétriques.Furthermore, the configuration of the pad and of the short circuit do not are not necessarily symmetrical.

Claims (10)

  1. A multifrequency microstrip antenna including:
    a plane dielectric substrate (2) having two mutually opposed main surfaces extending in directions defined in said antenna and constituting horizontal directions (DL and DT), said two surfaces respectively constituting a bottom surface (S1) and a top surface (S2);
    a conductor (4) constituting a ground plane on the bottom surface (S1) of said substrate;
    a plurality of conductive zones (Z2, Z1, Z12; Z103, Z102, Z101, Z112, Z113) on the top surface (S2) of the substrate and each having an elongate shape imparting to the antenna the shape of a candlestick with a plurality of branches and one base (C2, C12; C102);
    an antenna coupling device (C1, C3; C104, C105) common to all the conductive zones;
       and being characterized in that said conductive zones (Z2, Z1, Z12; Z103, Z102, Z101, Z112, Z113) are separated from each other by slots (F4, F14) the widths of which are very much less than the operating wavelengths of the antenna;
       in that said conductive zones are sufficiently decoupled from each other to enable various resonances to occur, respectively, in various areas formed by said zones, said resonances being at least approximately of the quarter-wave type;
       and in that each of said zones has an electric field node fixed by at least one short-circuit (C2, C12; C102) to the ground plane (4) and said at least one short-circuit is at the bottom edge of said base (C2, C12; C102) of the candlestick.
  2. An antenna according to claim 1, another direction being further defined in said antenna at an angle to each of said horizontal directions, said other direction constituting a vertical direction (DV), the antenna including:
    a bottom conductive layer on said bottom surface and constituting the ground plane (4) of said antenna,
    a top conductive layer on an area of said top surface above said ground to constitute a patch (6) having a configuration, a length and a width, said length and said width being in two of said horizontal directions constituting a longitudinal direction (DL) and a transverse direction (DT), respectively, said configuration forming at least one slot (F1) within said patch, said slot contributing to defining for said antenna a group of resonances including a plurality of resonances respectively corresponding to a plurality of operating modes and to a plurality of operating frequencies of said antenna, and
    the antenna coupling device including:
    a main conductor (C1) connected to said patch at a connecting point (18), and
    a ground conductor (6), so that said antenna can be connected to a signal processing unit (8) via said device for each of said operating frequencies,
       said antenna being characterized in that said short-circuit (C2) electrically connects said patch (6) to said ground (4) at an edge of said patch, said edge extending in said transverse direction (DT) and constituting a rear edge (10) defining in said patch in said longitudinal direction (DL) a rearward way (DB) directed towards said rear edge and an opposite forward way (DF) directed towards the front, two regions of said patch respectively constituting a rear region (ZA) contiguous with said rear edge and a front region (Z1, Z2, Z12) in front of said rear region, one slot opening towards the front and outside said patch to constitute a longitudinal separator slot (F1) dividing said front region into two of said zones respectively constituting a primary zone (Z1) and a secondary zone (Z2), said connecting point (18) being outside said secondary zone.
  3. An antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that said rear region (ZA) is shorter in said longitudinal direction (DL) than said front region (Z1, Z2, Z12).
  4. An antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that said connecting point (18) is in said primary zone (Z1), one of said operating modes constituting a primary mode in which a stationary wave is established by virtue of propagation of traveling waves both ways in a direction at least close said longitudinal direction, said waves propagating in one of said areas including said primary zone and said rear region, substantially to the exclusion of said secondary zone (Z2, Z12), another of said operating modes constituting a secondary mode in which a standing wave is established by virtue of propagation of traveling waves the same two ways, said waves propagating in another of said areas including said primary and secondary zones and said rear region.
  5. An antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the position of said connecting point (18) gives said antenna substantially the same impedance for the various operating frequencies.
  6. An antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that said primary zone (Z1) and said secondary zone (Z2) have different respective dimensions in said longitudinal direction (DL).
  7. An antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that said short-circuit is formed only on a segment of said rear edge (10), the position of said segment in the width of said patch (6) being closer to that of said primary zone (Z1) than that of said secondary zone (Z2), said segment constituting a short-circuit segment (C2, C12), said configuration of said patch further forming one of said slots extending in said transverse direction and constituting a transverse separator slot (F2) partly separating said primary zone from said rear region (Z3).
  8. An antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that said configuration of the patch (6) further forms at least one slot (F3) extending in said longitudinal direction (DL) in said primary zone (Z1).
  9. An antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that it has a plane of symmetry in said longitudinal direction (DL) and said vertical direction (DV), the trace of said plane in said top surface of the substrate constituting an axis (A) of symmetry for said patch (6), said coupling device and said primary zone (Z1) being in the vicinity of said axis, said configuration of the patch forming two of said longitudinal separator slots (F1, F11) on respective opposite sides of said primary zone, said secondary zone having two parts (Z2, Z12) beyond the respective slots.
  10. A radio communication device including an antenna according to any one of claims 2 through 9 and a signal processing unit (8) connected to said antenna and adapted to operate at said operating frequencies.
EP98403063A 1997-12-11 1998-12-07 Multifrequency microstrip antenna and apparatus using the same Expired - Lifetime EP0924797B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9715693A FR2772517B1 (en) 1997-12-11 1997-12-11 MULTIFREQUENCY ANTENNA MADE ACCORDING TO MICRO-TAPE TECHNIQUE AND DEVICE INCLUDING THIS ANTENNA
FR9715693 1997-12-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0924797A1 EP0924797A1 (en) 1999-06-23
EP0924797B1 true EP0924797B1 (en) 2004-02-25

Family

ID=9514472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98403063A Expired - Lifetime EP0924797B1 (en) 1997-12-11 1998-12-07 Multifrequency microstrip antenna and apparatus using the same

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US6133879A (en)
EP (1) EP0924797B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11317615A (en)
CN (1) CN1151586C (en)
AT (1) ATE260514T1 (en)
AU (1) AU9697798A (en)
CA (1) CA2254266A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69821884T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2215285T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2772517B1 (en)
SG (1) SG76579A1 (en)
TW (1) TW402824B (en)

Families Citing this family (115)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2337859B (en) 1998-05-29 2002-12-11 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Antenna
US6343208B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2002-01-29 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Printed multi-band patch antenna
FR2797352B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2007-04-20 Cit Alcatel STORED ANTENNA OF RESONANT STRUCTURES AND MULTIFREQUENCY RADIOCOMMUNICATION DEVICE INCLUDING THE ANTENNA
US6408190B1 (en) * 1999-09-01 2002-06-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Semi built-in multi-band printed antenna
WO2001022528A1 (en) 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US6445906B1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2002-09-03 Motorola, Inc. Micro-slot antenna
TW432746B (en) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-01 Acer Neweb Corp Circular polarization antenna for wireless data communication
FR2811479B1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2005-01-21 Cit Alcatel CONDUCTIVE LAYER ANTENNA AND BI-BAND TRANSMISSION DEVICE INCLUDING THE ANTENNA
US6466176B1 (en) 2000-07-11 2002-10-15 In4Tel Ltd. Internal antennas for mobile communication devices
CN100581179C (en) * 2000-08-28 2010-01-13 英4特尔有限公司 Apparatus and method for enhancing low-frequency operation of mobile communication antennas
US6677907B2 (en) 2000-10-31 2004-01-13 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Antenna device and portable terminal
EP1335448A4 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-12-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Antenna device and portable terminal
KR100589065B1 (en) * 2001-04-23 2006-06-14 에프씨아이 Compact antenna block for a wireless device
FR2823910B1 (en) * 2001-04-23 2004-09-10 Framatome Connectors Int ANTENNA BLOCK FOR A PARTICULARLY COMPACT WIRELESS DEVICE
FI113215B (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-03-15 Filtronic Lk Oy The multiband antenna
FR2826185B1 (en) * 2001-06-18 2008-07-11 Centre Nat Rech Scient MULTI-FREQUENCY WIRE-PLATE ANTENNA
US7339531B2 (en) 2001-06-26 2008-03-04 Ethertronics, Inc. Multi frequency magnetic dipole antenna structures and method of reusing the volume of an antenna
US6597316B2 (en) 2001-09-17 2003-07-22 The Mitre Corporation Spatial null steering microstrip antenna array
JP2003142929A (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-05-16 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Antenna
JP2003142935A (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-05-16 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Antenna
EP1942551A1 (en) 2001-10-16 2008-07-09 Fractus, S.A. Multiband antenna
TW506163B (en) * 2001-12-19 2002-10-11 Ind Tech Res Inst Planar inverted-F antenna
JP2003188637A (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-07-04 Hitachi Cable Ltd Plane multiplex antenna and portable terminal
FI119861B (en) * 2002-02-01 2009-04-15 Pulse Finland Oy level antenna
EP1522122A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2005-04-13 Fractus S.A. Notched-fed antenna
TW539255U (en) 2002-07-18 2003-06-21 Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd Multi-band antenna
US6664931B1 (en) 2002-07-23 2003-12-16 Motorola, Inc. Multi-frequency slot antenna apparatus
JP2004328693A (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-11-18 Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd Antenna and dielectric substrate for antenna
JP2004328703A (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-11-18 Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd Antenna
ATE412262T1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2008-11-15 Taiyo Yuden Kk ANTENNA, DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE FOR AN ANTENNA, RADIO COMMUNICATIONS CARD
JP4170828B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2008-10-22 太陽誘電株式会社 Antenna and dielectric substrate for antenna
JP2004328694A (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-11-18 Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd Antenna and wireless communication card
EG24614A (en) * 2003-01-29 2010-02-16 Electronics Res Inst Wireless three dimensional microwave holographic pointer (3dmi-hope) using mistrostrip antennas
ATE375012T1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2007-10-15 Research In Motion Ltd MULTI-BAND ANTENNA WITH STRIP AND SLOT STRUCTURES
US7012570B2 (en) * 2003-05-15 2006-03-14 Mediatek Incorporation Antenna with printed compensating capacitor
EP2273615A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2011-01-12 Psion Teklogix Inc. Internal antenna with slots
KR100531218B1 (en) * 2003-08-27 2006-01-10 한국전자통신연구원 Slot antenna having slots formed on both sides of dielectric substrate
US6989785B2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2006-01-24 General Motors Corporation Low-profile, multi-band antenna module
US6967620B2 (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-11-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Microstrip antenna having mode suppression slots
EP1763905A4 (en) * 2004-06-28 2012-08-29 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna component
FI118748B (en) * 2004-06-28 2008-02-29 Pulse Finland Oy A chip antenna
GB2441061B (en) * 2004-06-30 2009-02-11 Nokia Corp An antenna
CN100353610C (en) * 2004-07-22 2007-12-05 上海交通大学 Small high isolation degree plane double antenna
CN100347905C (en) * 2004-07-22 2007-11-07 上海交通大学 Small high directional plane double antenna
CN100382388C (en) * 2004-07-22 2008-04-16 上海交通大学 Internal double antenna of high gain movable terminal
FI20041455A (en) * 2004-11-11 2006-05-12 Lk Products Oy The antenna component
JP4268585B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2009-05-27 アルプス電気株式会社 Antenna device
WO2006081704A1 (en) * 2005-02-05 2006-08-10 Wei Yu Broadband multi-signal loop antenna used in mobile terminal
DE102005031329A1 (en) * 2005-02-19 2006-08-24 Hirschmann Electronics Gmbh Dual-band ultra-flat antenna for satellite communication
US20060244663A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-02 Vulcan Portals, Inc. Compact, multi-element antenna and method
JP5068076B2 (en) * 2005-06-06 2012-11-07 パナソニック株式会社 Planar antenna device and wireless communication device using the same
US7330155B2 (en) * 2005-06-28 2008-02-12 Motorola Inc. Antenna system
FI20055420A0 (en) 2005-07-25 2005-07-25 Lk Products Oy Adjustable multi-band antenna
FI119009B (en) 2005-10-03 2008-06-13 Pulse Finland Oy Multiple-band antenna
FI118872B (en) 2005-10-10 2008-04-15 Pulse Finland Oy Built-in antenna
FI118782B (en) 2005-10-14 2008-03-14 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable antenna
TWI275205B (en) * 2005-12-07 2007-03-01 Compal Electronics Inc Planar antenna structure
KR100755632B1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-09-04 삼성전기주식회사 Multi-band u-slot antenna
FI118837B (en) * 2006-05-26 2008-03-31 Pulse Finland Oy dual Antenna
US8618990B2 (en) 2011-04-13 2013-12-31 Pulse Finland Oy Wideband antenna and methods
GB0622469D0 (en) * 2006-11-10 2006-12-20 Wavetrend Technologies Ltd Multi-frequency antenna
US10211538B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2019-02-19 Pulse Finland Oy Directional antenna apparatus and methods
CN101232122B (en) * 2007-01-23 2012-05-09 连展科技电子(昆山)有限公司 Wide frequency aerial
FI20075269A0 (en) 2007-04-19 2007-04-19 Pulse Finland Oy Method and arrangement for antenna matching
FI120427B (en) 2007-08-30 2009-10-15 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable multiband antenna
FI124129B (en) * 2007-09-28 2014-03-31 Pulse Finland Oy Dual antenna
CN101425619B (en) * 2007-10-31 2012-11-21 旭丽电子(广州)有限公司 Dual frequency short circuit bipolar antenna
US8232924B2 (en) 2008-05-23 2012-07-31 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Broadband patch antenna and antenna system
TWM362518U (en) * 2009-02-09 2009-08-01 Wistron Corp Antenna structure
TWI393291B (en) * 2009-03-27 2013-04-11 Acer Inc A monopole slot antenna
CN101673873B (en) * 2009-10-12 2012-12-26 清华大学 Planar dual-antenna system for mobile terminal
FI20096134A0 (en) 2009-11-03 2009-11-03 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable antenna
FI20096251A0 (en) 2009-11-27 2009-11-27 Pulse Finland Oy MIMO antenna
US8847833B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-09-30 Pulse Finland Oy Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control
FI20105158A (en) 2010-02-18 2011-08-19 Pulse Finland Oy SHELL RADIATOR ANTENNA
US9406998B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2016-08-02 Pulse Finland Oy Distributed multiband antenna and methods
IT1400110B1 (en) * 2010-05-21 2013-05-17 S Di G Moiraghi & C Soc Sa COMPACT PLANAR ANTENNA.
FI20115072A0 (en) 2011-01-25 2011-01-25 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module and radio unit
US9673507B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2017-06-06 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US8648752B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2014-02-11 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US8866689B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2014-10-21 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system
US9450291B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-09-20 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
US9123990B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-09-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods
CN103367889B (en) * 2012-04-10 2018-02-02 上海曜传信息科技有限公司 A kind of production technology of label antenna
US9531058B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-12-27 Pulse Finland Oy Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
US9484619B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-11-01 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
US8988296B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-03-24 Pulse Finland Oy Compact polarized antenna and methods
TWI464422B (en) * 2012-08-13 2014-12-11 Wistron Corp Antenna test unit
WO2014064786A1 (en) 2012-10-24 2014-05-01 株式会社ソニー・コンピュータエンタテインメント Antenna device and mobile information terminal
US9979078B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2018-05-22 Pulse Finland Oy Modular cell antenna apparatus and methods
US10069209B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2018-09-04 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitively coupled antenna apparatus and methods
US9893429B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-02-13 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Wideband slot antenna for wireless communication devices
US10079428B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-09-18 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
US9647338B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-05-09 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
US9634383B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-04-25 Pulse Finland Oy Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods
US9680212B2 (en) 2013-11-20 2017-06-13 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices
US9590308B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2017-03-07 Pulse Electronics, Inc. Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same
US9350081B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2016-05-24 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus
KR102159195B1 (en) * 2014-08-14 2020-09-23 삼성전자주식회사 Antenna apparatus and electronic apparatus
US9948002B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-04-17 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9973228B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-05-15 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9722308B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2017-08-01 Pulse Finland Oy Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use
CN104241822B (en) * 2014-09-12 2017-02-22 昆山联滔电子有限公司 Planar antenna
DE102015207995A1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Antenna, inductive charging device, electric vehicle, charging station and method for inductive charging
US9906260B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2018-02-27 Pulse Finland Oy Sensor-based closed loop antenna swapping apparatus and methods
CN105161828B (en) * 2015-08-21 2018-07-13 沈霜 A kind of wireless PIFA antennas
CN205488505U (en) * 2016-01-08 2016-08-17 中磊电子(苏州)有限公司 Broadband antenna
KR102600874B1 (en) * 2016-10-28 2023-11-13 삼성전자주식회사 Antenna device and electronic device with the same
CN106486775A (en) * 2016-11-25 2017-03-08 华南理工大学 A kind of low section double frequency-band filtering paster antenna and its composition mimo antenna
US10522915B2 (en) * 2017-02-01 2019-12-31 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Multi-band slotted planar antenna
US10159075B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-12-18 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Band assignment for user equipment on multiband advanced wireless communications networks
JP2020028077A (en) * 2018-08-16 2020-02-20 株式会社デンソーテン Antenna device
US11349201B1 (en) 2019-01-24 2022-05-31 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Compact antenna system for munition
US10847881B2 (en) * 2019-02-01 2020-11-24 Pc-Tel, Inc. Dual-band antenna with notched cross-polarization suppression
US11581632B1 (en) 2019-11-01 2023-02-14 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Flexline wrap antenna for projectile

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4320401A (en) * 1978-05-16 1982-03-16 Ball Corporation Broadband microstrip antenna with automatically progressively shortened resonant dimensions with respect to increasing frequency of operation
GB9027776D0 (en) * 1990-12-21 1991-06-12 Marconi Gec Ltd Patch antenna
EP0749176B1 (en) * 1995-06-15 2002-09-18 Nokia Corporation Planar and non-planar double C-patch antennas having different aperture shapes
DE59708915D1 (en) * 1996-03-13 2003-01-23 Ascom Systec Ag Maegenwil Flat three-dimensional antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2215285T3 (en) 2004-10-01
AU9697798A (en) 1999-07-01
TW402824B (en) 2000-08-21
ATE260514T1 (en) 2004-03-15
CN1151586C (en) 2004-05-26
FR2772517B1 (en) 2000-01-07
JPH11317615A (en) 1999-11-16
DE69821884D1 (en) 2004-04-01
EP0924797A1 (en) 1999-06-23
CN1230037A (en) 1999-09-29
CA2254266A1 (en) 1999-06-11
DE69821884T2 (en) 2005-01-05
FR2772517A1 (en) 1999-06-18
US6133879A (en) 2000-10-17
SG76579A1 (en) 2000-11-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0924797B1 (en) Multifrequency microstrip antenna and apparatus using the same
EP0923156B1 (en) Shorted microstrip antenna and apparatus using the same
EP0923157B1 (en) Antenna realised according to microstrip technique and device incorporating this antenna
EP0954055B1 (en) Dual-frequency radiocommunication antenna realised according to microstrip technique
EP1172885B1 (en) Short-circuit microstrip antenna and dual-band transmission device including that antenna
EP1145378B1 (en) Dual-band transmission device and antenna therefor
EP0961344B1 (en) Device for radiocommunication and a slot loop antenna
EP1075043A1 (en) Antenna with stacked resonating structures and multiband radiocommunication device using the same
EP1225655B1 (en) Dual-band planar antenna and apparatus including such an antenna device
FR2752646A1 (en) PLANE PRINTED ANTENNA WITH OVERLAPPING ELEMENTS SHORT CIRCUITS
CA2019181A1 (en) Diplexing radiating element
EP1902491A1 (en) Antenna system with second-order diversity and card for wireless communication apparatus which is equipped with one such device
FR2751471A1 (en) WIDE-BAND RADIATION DEVICE WHICH MAY BE MULTIPLE POLARIZATION
CA2310125C (en) Antenna
EP2643886B1 (en) Planar antenna having a widened bandwidth
CA2460820C (en) Broadband or multiband antenna
EP2432072B1 (en) Wideband balun on a multilayer circuit for a network antenna
EP0477102A1 (en) Directional network with adjacent radiator elements for radio communication system and unit with such a directional network
FR2490025A1 (en) Monomode or multimode radar horn - contains radiating elements deposited on thin dielectric substrate located perpendicular to direction of polarisation
EP3605730B1 (en) Antenna device with two different and secant planar substrates
EP1873864A1 (en) Symmetric antenna using microwave-strip technology.
FR3068178A1 (en) BANDWIDTH MINIATURE ANTENNA EXTENDED

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT DE ES FR GB IT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19991223

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: AT DE ES FR GB IT SE

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT DE ES FR GB IT SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20040225

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20040225

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69821884

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20040401

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20040525

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2215285

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20041126

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: WD

Ref document number: 1018361

Country of ref document: HK

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20101228

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20101223

Year of fee payment: 13

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20111207

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20130704

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20111208

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: GC

Effective date: 20140717

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: RG

Effective date: 20141016

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 18

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20161222

Year of fee payment: 19

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20161213

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20161222

Year of fee payment: 19

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 69821884

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20171207

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20180831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180102

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171207

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 69821884

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: BARKHOFF REIMANN VOSSIUS, DE

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 69821884

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: WSOU INVESTMENTS, LLC, LOS ANGELES, US

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALCATEL LUCENT, PARIS, FR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20200820 AND 20200826