EP0904903A2 - Apparatus for smoothing wooden work pieces - Google Patents

Abstract

In a woodworking tool, to work the surface of the wood workpiece, the longitudinal center line or center line of the fixed axis (8) and the rotor (2) with the circular end disk (3) are at an angle ( alpha ) from the theoretical vertical to the larger end surface (D) of the guide plate (5). The circular end disk (3), with the rim gear (4), is at an angle ( beta ) from the plane of the end sliding surfaces (D,F) so that, on a side view, the cutting edges (E) lie lower from the cutting edges of the cutting units (19). The separate cutting units (19) are inserted into the rim gear (4) of the circular end disk (3) so that the pressure spring and carrier body can be inserted into the vertical blind drilling with the cutting disk. A horizontal blind drilling, at right angles to the first, has a longitudinal wedge with the angled surface along the outer edge, locked in place in its hole, so that the angled surface lies on the straight surface of the carrier body.

Description

The invention relates to the device for surface processing of wooden workpieces or, more precisely, the machine for woodworking with a rotary tool, for surface processing and thickness processing of wooden workpieces, or for smoothing the surface and reducing the thickness, with characteristic attachment of the cutting tool.
According to the international patent classification, the invention is classified in B 27 / C 1/00 and additionally in B 27G 13/10.

The technical problem solved by the invention is one Construction of the machine, which is a high quality fine Surface processing of wooden workpieces on the whole Surface, even when leaving the Machining area, and which continues to be easy to insert and a precise setting of the cutting units in the ring gear of the Machining head, equipped with direct drive and Braking mechanism, enables.

From European patent EP 0 382 877 the solution by the machine for surface processing, preferably short and thin wooden workpieces, is known. According to this document, the machining head, inserted between two plates for the passage of workpieces, is attached to the rotary shaft, in which the track plate is inserted, which is fixedly attached to one or both side guide rails. The longitudinal axis of the rotating shaft is orthogonally attached to the input and output slide plates and is orthogonal to the circular insert, the guide surface of which is in the same plane as the slide surface of the output slide plate. The disadvantage or inadequacy of this known solution can be seen in the fact that when leaving the area of the machining head, the cutters of the milling head cut into the starting edge of the workpiece and damage it, but there is also the possibility that the workpiece will get stuck on leaving the milling head. Another disadvantage of this solution is that the circular guiding insert yields or can incline during the machining process because it is only clamped in two points. The disadvantage of this known solution is also shown in the fact that it takes a lot of time to shut down the machining head, since there is no braking device, and another disadvantage is that the pulley for driving the machining head is designed separately and is fixedly mounted on the rotary shaft, the type of installation, setting and clamping of the cutting tool is not included in this solution.
The solution by the machine for fine surface processing of wooden workpieces is known from the German patent DE 39 09 019. According to this document, a rectilinear axis of rotation is installed in the hollow shaft, to one end of which the inner table or the guide plate is fastened, the sliding surface of which is in the same plane as the sliding surface of the outer table. The rotor with the knives is attached to the rotating shaft and to the support by the clamping plate in between, but at the other end of the rotating shaft the pulley for driving it is attached. The knives are attached to the front rim of the rotor so that they are at the negative angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The deficiency or weakness of this known solution is that the negative angle of the cutting does not allow high-quality machining and no chip separation, when the workpiece exits, the knives cut into its starting edge and damage it, but there is also a risk that the workpiece will exit gets stuck in the area of the machining head. Furthermore, the disadvantage of this solution is that the slot between the outer edge of the inner table and the edge of the entrance and exit outer table is too large because of the length of the cutting knives, which means that very short and thin wooden workpieces cannot be processed, and is a disadvantage also that the rotor has no braking device, but the drive pulley is specially designed and attached to the hollow shaft. Another disadvantage of this known solution is also shown in the fact that the axis of the inner table can be moved in the vertical direction and is mounted in the hollow shaft, as a result of which the required rigidity and stability during processing are not guaranteed. The problem that remained unsolved is how to ensure high-quality machining of the workpieces on leaving the machining head area and how to prevent the workpieces from getting stuck, as well as the execution of the drive from the machining head as well as faster braking , also the installation and adjustment of the cutting tool relatively complicated.

Figur 1

Erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Maschine nach der Erfindung im Längsschnitt;

Figur 2

Zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Maschine nach der Erfindung im Längsschnitt;

Figur 3

Gleich wie in Figur 1, nur Detail "A";

Figur 4

Gleich wie in Figur 2, nur Detail "B";

Figur 5

Schematische Darstellung des Zahnkranzes des Bearbeitungskopfes in Perspektive;

Figur 6

Schematische Darstellung der Einstellung der Schneidescheibe unter freiem Winkel in Ansicht;

Figur 7

Schematische Darstellung des positiven Winkels des Holzspans beziehungsweise der Einstellung der Schneidescheibe in Seitenansicht.

According to the invention, the problem is solved by the machine for surface processing of the wooden workpieces, in which the rotor and the fixed axis mounted therein are offset by the angle α from the vertical to the input and output plate or from the vertical to the guide plate, so that the end disk with the ring gear and the cutting units of the sliding surface of the input and output plate opposite and opposite to the guide surface of the guide plate is at an angle β, the fixed axis being mounted in the machine housing, but a mechanical brake for braking the machining head is attached to the rotor . The invention is illustrated more precisely in two preferred exemplary embodiments and figures as follows:

Figure 1

First embodiment of the machine according to the invention in longitudinal section;

Figure 2

Second embodiment of the machine according to the invention in longitudinal section;

Figure 3

Same as in Figure 1, only detail "A";

Figure 4

Same as in Figure 2, only detail "B";

Figure 5

Schematic representation of the ring gear of the machining head in perspective;

Figure 6

Schematic representation of the setting of the cutting disc at a free angle in view;

Figure 7

Schematic representation of the positive angle of the wood chip or the setting of the cutting disc in side view.

The machine for surface processing of wooden workpieces consists of the machining head 1 with the end disk 3 and ring gear 4, Rotor 2, guide plate 5, fixed axis 8, brake disc 10 with mechanical brake 11 and input plate 15 and output plate 16, which for the first embodiment of FIG. 1 and for that second embodiment of FIG. 2 applies, in which the Machining head 1 in the opening between the vertically movable Plate 15 and the fixed output plate 16 is attached.

In the first embodiment, shown in Fig. 1, the Machining head 1 composed of the upright attached Hollow rotor 2, which has fastening elements 17 at one end attached face disk 3 with ring gear 4 and not marked Hole in the middle, at the other end is with the Fasteners 12, the brake disc 10 with mechanical Brake 11 attached. The end disk 3 is not by that marked hole in the middle in the specially designed warehouse on the outer edge of the hollow rotor 2 placed so that they with the Gear ring 4 or with the cutting units 19 den Plates 15 and 16 face. On the side of the cutting units 19 is the circular in the end face of the circular disc 3 Well 20 executed.

The fixed axis 8 is in or through the rotor 2 used that they are on the side of the end disk 3 with the hub 52 rests on its end face via the intermediate sealing ring 53, on the side of the brake disc 10 but somewhat above the rotor 2 extends.

On the end face of the hub 52 of the axis 8 is about intermediate spacer 6 with fasteners 7 die circular guide plate 5 attached and attached to three Points, on the fixed axis 8 and on the two side axes, guide rails, not shown, is attached. The spacer 6 is wedge-shaped in cross section and not in that marked recessed bearing on the back of the guide plate 5 used.

Between the outer edge of the fixed axis 8 and the edge of the Rolling bearings 9 are inserted tightly through the rotor 2, so that the rotor 2 represents its housing.

On the side of the brake disc 10 is the output part of the fixed axis 8, via the clamping bush 13, fixed respectively immovable in the housing 14 of the device or the Machine clamped.

The fixed or resting structure of the first Preferred embodiment from FIG. 1 form the fixed axis 8 the guide plate 5 and spacer 6, attached to the hub 52 at one end and with the clamping bush 13 in the frame 14 on other end.

However, the rotating structure of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 form the rotor 2 with the ring disk 3 and ring gear 4 in one and with the brake disc 10 at the other end. The rotating Structure is created by what is not described and not shown Drive unit driven, and that over the intermediate Driving belt 18, attached to the outer edge of the rotor 2, the is also the pulley of this structure.

The processing head 1 of the embodiment of the machine for Surface processing of wooden workpieces according to the invention Fig.1 is in the opening between the input plate 15 and Output plate 16 attached so that the outer edges C of Cutting units 19 in the opening between the edge of the Input plate 15 and the edge of the guide plate 5 are in the same level or slightly above the surfaces D of the guide plate 5 and F of the output plate 16, the areas D and F being constant in are on the same level. The outer edges E of the cutting units 19, in the opening between the edge of the guide plate 5 and the Edge of the output plate 16 and the surface G of the input plate 15, are constantly slightly below the plane of the surfaces D and F. Furthermore, the processing head 1 is in this Embodiment attached between the plates 15 and 16, that the entire longitudinal central axis of the rotor 2, the end disk 3 and the fixed axis 8 by the angle α from the vertical of the bill is offset on the end faces D, F and G, in the direction the input plate 15. This is also the longitudinal central axis the end disk 3 by the angle β from the horizontal surface D the guide plate 5 offset, which also for the angular displacement the edge E with respect to the edge C of the cutting units 19 applies, and in the position shown in FIG. 1. The applies Rule that in all cases the angle α is equal to the angle β and vice versa, their size from the outside diameter of the Machining head 1 depends, or the end disk 3 and inversely proportional to it, with the larger Diameter of the circular disc 3 the angles α and β are smaller, with a smaller diameter, however, the angles α and β are larger. This means that the machining width of workpieces 51 from Size of the outer diameter of the end disk 3 and the therein attached guide plate 5 depends and the distance between the two edge strips, not shown and not marked, attached above the processing head 1.

The method of surface machining of workpieces 51 or the process of processing them to any thickness begins with the thickness adjustment of the material decrease, that with vertically movable input plate 15 is set and the Height difference between the edge C on the cutting units 19 and the surface G of the input plate 15. By the Drive unit and the drive belt 18, the rotor 2nd rotated, together with the end disk 3. The workpiece 51 moves on the surface G of the input plate 15 to the edge C. of the cutting units 19, with the transition over the Cutting units 19 the material removal on the abutting surface of the workpiece 51. Doing so the workpiece 51 of not shown and not described Feeding device down or onto surface D the guide plate 5 pressed. As previously described, will the surface machining of the workpiece 51 on the input half of the Diameter of the end disk 3 performed. At the exit of the workpiece 51 from the surface D of the guide plate 5 that slides Workpiece 51 over the edge E of the cutting units 19 and goes over to the surface F of the starting plate 16. In this way damage the cutting units 19, between the edges of the Guide plate 5 and the output plate 16 or their Edges E, the workpiece 51 does not exit from the Area of the processing head 1, at the same time also prevents the workpiece 51, especially smaller dimensions, because of the narrow opening between the adjacent edges of the Guide plate 5 and the output table 16 would get stuck. After the processing according to the invention is completed Machine with the help of mechanical brake 11, which with the brake shoe presses on the brake disc 10, turned off.

In another exemplary embodiment of the machine from FIG. 1, the end plate of the hub 52 of the fixed axis 8 can also be designed at the angle, the design of the intermediate spacer 6 being omitted. The rotor 2, the end disk 3, the ring gear 4, the guide plate 5, the fixed axis 8 and their fastening in the machine frame 14 and the brake disk 10 with the brake 11 can also be designed differently.
In Fig. 3, the ring gear 4 is shown, carried out in the entire circumference of the end disk 3 with such a circular recess 20 in one piece and which has cutting units 19 which are interchangeably inserted or attached over the entire circumference. The type of insertion and the principle of setting the cutting units 19 in the ring gear 4 of the end disk 3 is shown in FIG. 5. The individual cutting unit 19 consists of the cylindrical support body 35, with chamfered smooth / flat surface 45 and bearing 46, from the cutting disc 36, the wedge 37 with chamfered oblique surface 47 and with the central hole 48 with an internal thread, furthermore it consists of the compression spring 38, the binding or fastening element 39 and fastening element 40.

The individual cutting unit 19 is in the ring gear 4 End disk 3 used so that you are in the vertical blind Hole 41 first places the compression spring 38 in the horizontal blind Hole 42 uses the wedge 37 with the fastener 40. Then you put on the compression spring 38, the support body 35, with the Cutting disc 36, fastened with the fastener 39. The Support body 35 is inserted into the hole 41 so that its straight Surface 45 lies in the direction of the center of the end disk 3 and on or rests on the surface 47 of the wedge 37. Of the Support body 35 with the cutting disc 36 is set to a certain Height adjusted with the help of the compression spring 38 and fixed attached so that by tightening the fastener 40 the inclined surface 47 on the wedge 37 to the smooth surface 45 on the Tightens the support body 35 and fix it in this way in the ring gear 4th solidified. The radial depressions 49 allow one larger stop of the cutting units 19 in the ring gear 4, the adjacent radial depressions 50, however, allow undisturbed Separation of the wood chips.

The cutting discs 36 are in the bearing 46 on the support body 35 used and fastened with the binding element 39 so that in the Front view its upper cutting edge is below the angle γ, or the cutting edge for this free angle from the imaginary horizontal axis is shown in Fig. 6, wherein the cutting discs 36 any regular and irregular can have geometric shapes.

In Fig. 7 the support body 35 with attached cutting disc 36 in shown the side view. It can be seen from this that the bearing 46 is carried out on the support body 35 at the positive angle δ, and the cutting disc 36 is also attached at this angle, the cutting disc 36 and the straight surface 45 with the larger end face in the direction of turning the end disk 3 or their ring gear 4 are oriented. The positive Angle δ of the inclination of the cutting disc 36 from the The longitudinal central axis of the support body 35 represents the angle of the chip, the individual cutting disc 36 of the respective cutting unit 19 on the ring gear 4 of the end disk 3 on the side of Surface processing of the workpiece 51 cuts off.

In the second embodiment, shown in Fig. 2, the machining head 1 is composed of the attached rotor 2, in a welded design and V shape, which on the wider end of the hollow truncated cone 32 has the fixedly attached end disk 3 with ring gear 4 and with the upright one , Has hollow tube 28 open on both sides in the middle, but at its other end the plate 53 is fixed. The hollow tube 28 is passed through the rotor 2, the end disk 3 and the plate 53 and is preferably the same length as the structure described. The hollow truncated cone 32 and the end disk 3 are surrounded in their entire circumference by the fixed hollow truncated cone 31, the rotor 2 is additionally reinforced with the inner ring 29, the outer rib 30, the outer ring 33 and the intermediate ring 34. The brake disk 10 with the mechanical brake 11 and the pulley 25 are also fixedly attached to the intermediate ring 34. The end disk 3 is mounted between the vertically movable input plate 15 and the fixed output plate 16 so that it is aligned with the ring gear 4 or with the cutting units 19 against them. The ring gear 4 and the end face of the end disk 3 form the likewise circular recess 20.
In the tube 28 of the rotor 2, the hollow housing 24 is fitted tightly, through which the fixed axis 8 with the lubrication channel 27 is inserted, but between these the roller bearings 9 are fitted tightly. On the side of the circular disk 3, the circular guide plate 5 is fixedly attached to the end of the fixed axis 8, specifically with the clamping insert 21, while at its other end the fixed axis 8 is clamped into the machine frame 14 with the aid of the clamping bush 13 and the fastening element 23 is. Between the housing 14 and the cone 32, the fastening ring 26 is fastened with fastening elements 22 on the plate 53. In another exemplary embodiment of the described example from FIG. 2, the rotor 2 can also have a different design.

The fixed, stationary structure of the second preferred exemplary embodiment 2 form the fixed axis 8 with the guide plate 5 and Insert 21 on one, and with the clamping bush 13, in frame 14, on the other end.

The rotating structure of the embodiment of FIG. 2 forms but the rotor 2 with the end disk 3 and the ring gear 4, attached brake disc 10 and pulley 25 and that Housing 24 of the bearing 9. The rotating structure is drive unit not described and not shown, namely via the drive belt 18, which the pulley on the Surrounds rotor 2.

The processing head 1 of the embodiment of the machine for Surface processing of wooden workpieces according to the invention from Fig. 2 is in the opening between the input plate 15 and Output plate 16 attached so that the outer edges C of Cutting units 19 between the edges of the input plate 15 and the guide plate 5 lie in the same plane or slightly above Areas D of the guide plate 5 and F of the output plate 16, where the areas D and F are constantly in the same plane. The Outer edges E of the cutting units 19, in the opening between the edge of the guide plate 5 and the edge of the output plate 16 and the areas G of the input plate 15 are constantly somewhat lower from the plane of the areas D and F. Furthermore, the Machining head 1 in this embodiment between the Plates 15 and 16 attached so that the entire central axis of the Rotor 2, the end disk 3 and the fixed axis 8 to the Angle α from the perpendicular to the end faces D, F and G. is offset, in the direction of the input plate 15. On this The longitudinal central axis of the end disk 3 is also offset in the same direction by the angle β from the horizontal surface D of the Guide plate 5, and the same applies to the angular displacement of the Edges E compared to the edges C of the cutting units 19 in the Position shown in Fig. 2. The rule already applies described in the embodiment of Fig. 1 that in all cases the angle α is equal to the angle β and vice versa, the Size of these two angles from the outer diameter of the Machining head 1 or the face disk 3 depends, or the size of the angles α and β reversed proportional to the diameter of the end disk 3. The larger the diameter of the end disk 3 is, the smaller the Angles α and β, and the smaller the angle, the larger they are Diameter of the face disk 3 is. At the same time it means that the width of the machining of workpieces 51 on the size of the outer diameter of the end disk 3 and the therein attached guide plate 5 depends, and it also depends on that Distance between the two flanks, not shown, attached above the machining head.

The method of surface machining of workpieces 51 with the 2 is the device according to the second embodiment already described method of processing with the device according to the first embodiment from FIG. 1 the same.

In Fig. 4, the ring gear 4 is shown, manufactured in the separate Piece, is welded on the face disk 3 or otherwise fixed that it runs over its entire circumference and together they form the circular recess 20. On his The entire circumference of the ring gear 4 is used interchangeably Cutting units 19 on. The type of insertion, removal and the setting of the cutting units 19 in the ring gear 4 End disk 3 is shown in Fig. 5 and the previous one Description in the first exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 is the same. The the latter also applies to the setting of Cutting discs 36 in the bearing on the support body 35 of the Cutting units 19 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

The compact design of the rotor (2) and the fixed or rigid connection of the fixed axis (8) with the Guide plate (5) allow larger diameters of the Face circular discs (3) and guide plates (5) attached therein and thus also larger processing widths.

Claims (5)

The machine for surface processing of wooden workpieces, in which the machining head with the circular guide plate is mounted in the circular opening between the height-adjustable input and fixed output plate, and which consists of the upright, hollow rotor, which supports the end disk with the ring gear , and from the fixed axis inserted therein, to which the circular guide plate is also fixed, is mounted within the circular recess in the end circular disk or within its ring gear such that the end face of the guide plate lies in the same plane as the end sliding surface of the starting plate and is located parallel to the end sliding surface of the input plate, characterized in that the longitudinal center line or center line of the fixed axis (8) and the rotor (2) mounted thereon with the end circular disk (3) by the angle (α) of its imaginary S perpendicular to the larger end face (D) of the guide plate (5), the end disk (3) with the ring gear (4) is inclined by the angle (β) from the plane of the end sliding surfaces (D, F), so that in Side view the cutting edges (E) are slightly lower than the cutting edges © of the cutting units (19); that the individual cutting unit (19) in the ring gear (4) of the end disk (3) is inserted so that in the vertical blind hole (41) one above the other the compression spring (3) and the support body (35) with the cutting disc ( 36) are inserted, while in the horizontal hole (42) which is made perpendicular to the hole (41), the elongated wedge (37) with the inclined surface (47) along the outer edge and with the fastening element (40) in its hole (48) is used so that it rests with the inclined surface (47) on or on the straight surface (45) of the support body (35). The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles (α) and (β) are preferably of equal size, their size being inversely proportional to the size of the outer diameter of the end disk (3), so that their size decreases with enlargement of the outer diameter of the end disk (3) or its size increases due to the reduction in its outer diameter. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer edge of the rotor (2) also represents the pulley for driving the end circular disk (3) or the pulley (25) can also be designed to be fixed or can be attached to its outer radial surface. The machine according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the brake disc (10) to which the brake (11) of any design belongs is fixedly attached to the rotor (2), with fastening elements (12) or otherwise. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bearing (46) of the supporting body (35), on the side of the smooth-bevelled surface (45), the cutting disc (36) is inserted and fixedly attached to the binding element (39), so that its upper cutting edge is inclined in the end view by the free angle (γ) from its imaginary perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the supporting body (35) and is furthermore used such that its larger end face, in side view and in the direction of rotation of the end disk (3), is offset by the positive angle (δ) from the longitudinal axis of the support body (35), the positive angle (δ) representing the angle of the chip.

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