EP0950870B1 - Combination type warhead - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a combination warhead according to claim 1.

In use as active systems for guided missiles, submunitions or other Warheads are in the majority special, on the respective Use case optimized warheads. These are, for example, in anti-tank defense, at which has a high penetration rate compared to armored steel (possibly with additional reactive armor) is required, the well-known shaped charge systems (short: HL systems).

For a larger control distance, i.e. when the warhead flies by Target, z. B. used as search fuse ammunition rather projectile-forming charges (short: P-charge systems) with lower breakdown capacities than shaped charges, but one Effect from a distance, used. Also intermediate forms between HL systems and P-charging systems are known (e.g. "Hemispheres").

In addition to these axially directed charge types, there are radial ones Splinter charges for use. These are usually pressure / splinter charges in the destination control. To combat spatially distributed semi-hard targets (e.g. Radar positions, trucks, etc.) are not only pure fragmentary loads, but also combinations the HL or P charge systems used as so-called multi-purpose warheads. The fight against hard armor is made by the hollow or projectile-forming Ensures cargo and the simultaneous combat of surrounding semi-hard targets by completed the additional splinter coat applied. Both mechanisms of action are considered this kind of multi-purpose systems ignited together and simultaneously. The effect occurs at the same time. The use of only one of the two types of action (splinter or Shaped charge) is not provided.

For fighting another target class, the hard concrete targets like bunkers, Airplane shelters, runways etc. as well as from other destinations where the main effect of the Explosive charge should only be achieved after penetrating a first hard layer, such as. in ships, attack helicopters or in combating all of the above Goals "in cover", i.e. behind walls or inside buildings, they are suitable Penetrator warheads. These are filled with explosives and high Penetration excellent metal body that only after entering or Penetrate the first hard layer and then ignite its pressure or Develop a splintering effect.

From DE 38 00 975 A1 an armored projectile has become known, in which a shaped charge is arranged. After striking a first hard layer, the detonator conducts the Detonation of the shaped charge oriented in the direction of flight. A reference to others Impact is not specified.

With new missile programs, we are increasingly doing more than just fighting one of the target classes mentioned above. The corresponding active systems should counter a mixture of different goals can be effective at the same time. You are supposed to be a broad Cover spectrum of possible applications. In contrast, the variety of types should logistical and cost reasons to be low. This requirement is special with the known ones not to meet optimized active systems.

It is therefore an object of the invention to design an active system which has the disadvantages of known systems avoids and that with regard to the effect and the ignition timing can be adjusted to suit the target.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The particular advantages of the invention are that the combination active system is universally designed for all required operating modes at the same time. The peculiarity in the Application is due to the different use of the different Ignition system components accomplished. In the first case, the ignition is made by a Distance detonators at the optimal distance, in the second case through an intelligent penetrator ignition system.

Fig. 1 zeigt das Prinzip eines Kombinationsgefechtskopfs,

Fig.2 zeigt die passive Detonationswellenlenkung zur Optimierung der Hohlladungsleistung,

Fig.3 zeigt die Zündortanpassung zur Optimierung der Hohlladungsleistung,

Fig.4 zeigt die Aufteilung des Gesamtgefechtskopfes in verschiedene Kompartments mit eigener Zündung,

Fig. 5 zeigt die Anpassung der Hohlladungsauskleidung zur Optimierung der Hohlladungsleistung,

Fig. 6 zeigt die Ausprägung der Auskleidung allgemein als Hohlladung, EFP-Ladung oder Zwischenform davon,

Fig.7 zeigt die Anpassung der Penetratorspitze zur Optimierung der Hohlladungsleistung,

Fig. 8 zeigt die Vor-Hohlladung zum Öffnen der Penetratorspitze,

Fig.9 zeigt die absprengbare Penetratorspitze bei Verwendung als Hohlladung,

Fig. 10 zeigt den mit einem inkompressiblen Medium gefüllten Hohlraum zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit des Penetrators,

Fig. 11 zeigt eine geprägte Penetratorhülle zur Optimierung der Splitterbildung,

Fig. 12 zeigt in Form und Größe optimierbare, innenliegende, vorgeformte Splitter und

Fig. 13 zeigt einen additiven Splittermantel aus vorgeformten Splittern, der optional absprengbar ist.

An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

1 shows the principle of a combination warhead,

2 shows the passive detonation wave guidance for optimizing the shaped charge performance,

3 shows the ignition location adaptation to optimize the shaped charge performance,

4 shows the division of the overall warhead into different compartments with their own ignition,

5 shows the adaptation of the shaped charge lining to optimize the shaped charge performance,

6 shows the shape of the lining generally as a shaped charge, EFP charge or intermediate form thereof,

7 shows the adaptation of the penetrator tip to optimize the shaped charge performance,

8 shows the pre-shaped charge for opening the penetrator tip,

9 shows the detachable penetrator tip when used as a shaped charge,

10 shows the cavity filled with an incompressible medium to increase the strength of the penetrator,

11 shows an embossed penetrator sleeve for optimizing the formation of fragments,

Fig. 12 shows in terms of shape and size, internal, preformed splinters and

13 shows an additive splinter jacket made of preformed splinters, which can optionally be blasted off.

The basic structure of the combination warhead according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 shown. A conventional penetrator 1 with an optimized tip and optimized lengths Diameter ratio (L / D) is not completely filled with explosive 2, but contains at its tip an additional cavity 3, which is suitable for the formation of a To ensure shaped charge spikes. This room 3 is against the one behind it Explosives 2 separated with a shaped charge lining 4. The shockproof version this lining and its support on the penetrator 5 and the Explosives containment are designed to match the warhead.

The securing device 6 contains the ignition stage for the explosive charge 2 and as the first pyrotechnic elements of the ignition chain the detonator and, if applicable, transformer or Amplifier charges.

The combination warhead is triggered as follows:

In the shaped charge mode when fighting armored targets, the appropriate Distance ("Stand off") ignited by the distance fuse of the warhead. It forms a shaped charge spike, which still has to penetrate the tip of the penetrator. Then can he can act unhindered on the target and his high penetration in armored steel deliver.

In the penetrator mode when fighting hard shift targets is not in Ignited distance, but only the penetration of at least the first hard layer waited before a (possibly intelligent) penetrator detonator (also in the Safety device) calculates the appropriate ignition timing and the Warhead triggers. As a side effect, it can still be a forward-facing one Have shaped charge effect due to possible shock-related deformations of the Lining against a non-penetrating, pure shaped charge warhead may be restricted. The main effect in this case is through pressure and Splinter effects of the penetrator shell achieved.

In addition to this basic principle shown in FIG. 1, possible ones in FIGS. 2 to 13 are possible Refinements of this concept are shown that facilitate implementation or depending on Target requirement enable the optimization of shaped charge or penetrator performance. she are to be seen as exemplary, as well as other combinations of the different constructive measures, as the ones just shown in the drawing, a sensible one Warhead design result.

2 shows the possibility of passive detonation wave guidance 7 for training an optimal shaped charge spike. Such measures can be important because on the one hand a large length / diameter ratio (L / D) of approx. 4 ... 8 is cheap, on the other hand an L / D of approx. 1 is the optimum for the pure shaped charge represents. The passive detonation wave steering 7 can meet these opposing requirements in balance certain limits. If this passive measure is not sufficient, can by choosing one or more detonation sites closer to the lining, e.g. with additional detonator 8, for the "hollow charge" mode, its performance in the sense an "active detonation wave steering" can be increased; see Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 shows another measure to improve the HL performance. The warhead is in different compartments 9 and 10 divided, depending on the operating mode be ignited.

In Fig.5 is exemplified that the shaped charge lining 4 on the special Use in combination warhead compared to a pure, non-penetrating one Hollow charge is optimized with regard to position, material, wall thickness, opening angle etc. she also takes into account the special L / D situation in the combination warhead as well as the greater insulation of the load through the penetrator casing 5.

In principle, a high penetration rate against armored steel cannot be achieved only by one Shaped charge, but in a weakened form also by EFP charges or by Intermediate forms between the two types of charge can be achieved. Figure 6 is an example the lining 11 of an EFP load is shown.

A major obstacle to the formation of a stable shaped charge spike is the Penetrator tip itself. On the one hand, the appropriate measures are the penetration by the HL spike, on the other hand, the mechanical stability of the tip be guaranteed to achieve the penetration performance. Fig. 7 shows a solution to this Problems appropriate formation of the pentrator tip, which has an inner cavity 12 in the Has peak.

If the measure according to Fig. 7 is not sufficient to impair the Keeping shaped charge spikes through the tip of the penetrator sufficiently low can be achieved by another measure, such as the ignition of a pre-shaped charge 13, shortly before An opening in the tip of the penetrator can be blasted. This charge clears also other components of the guided missile arranged in front of the penetrator, such as e.g. the Seeker electronics, out of the way and ensures the formation of an undisturbed HL spike. This possibility is shown in FIG.

9 shows a further development of the invention with a detachable penetrator tip, the separation means 14 in principle take effect before the target approach in order to with the Warhead to achieve an unhindered shaped charge effect.

Fig. 10 represents a way to increase the stability of the penetrator by the Cavity 3 in front of the shaped charge lining with an incompressible medium 15 is filled out. In the operating mode "penetrator", this material gives the penetrator increased strength, in the "hollow charge" mode it can be lowered or with the Removing the penetrator tip can be removed. This medium can, if appropriate Design may also a secondary effect such as Fire or similar cause.

A pretreated penetrator sleeve 16 can be used to increase the splintering effect be pre-embossed or otherwise pretreated such that the natural splinters of the Have predefined geometries. This is shown in Fig. 11. Here is one too Adjustment of the optimum with regard to penetrator performance (smooth casing) or splinter performance (embossed sleeve) possible.

Fig. 12 shows that in the warhead according to the invention also internal, preformed Splitter 17 can be used to optimize the splitting effect. The conscious Broken rows of fragments are intended to symbolize that "patterns" between Preformed and natural shell splinters used to optimize the effect on the target can be.

In Fig. 13, an external splinter jacket 18 is shown, which the splinter effect in the Distance ignition increased, but also before the charge detonated by a separating agent 19 can be separated if this is necessary to avoid collateral damage should.

It should be emphasized that all other combinations of those described above Measures than the ones shown are possible (e.g. detachable penetrator tip with external splinter jacket or similar)

Claims (15)

1. A combination warhead which is in the form of a penetrator (1), is filled with explosive (2) and has a safety device (6) with a penetrator igniter, and in which a cavity separated by a shaped charge lining (4) is formed in the penetrator (1 ) additionally to the explosive (2), either the warhead being ignited at a suitable distance from the target by a proximity fuse or, when combating hard laminated targets, a penetrator igniter triggering the warhead after penetration of the least the first hard layer.
2. A combination warhead according to Claim 1, characterised in that a passive detonation wave guidance element (7) is integrated in the explosive (2).
3. A combination warhead according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that an additional detonator (8), spaced away from the safety device (6) and closer than the latter to the shaped charge lining (4), is integrated in the explosive (2) for active detonation wave guidance.
4. A combination warhead according to Claim 1, characterised in that the explosive (2) is located in two compartments (9 and 10) arranged one behind the other, each of which has separate ignition.
5. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the shaped charge lining (4) is adapted with regard to position, material, wall thickness and aperture angle to the particular length/diameter ratio and the damming situation of the combination warhead.
6. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that to achieve adequate penetration of steel armour, instead of a pure shaped charge, an EFP charge, or intermediate forms between these two charge types, is/are used.
7. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the penetrator tip has an internal hollow section (12).
8. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the warhead has a shaped pre-charge (13) whereby an opening can be blasted in the penetrator tip and further components ahead of the penetrator can be removed.
9. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the penetrator (1) has separation means (14) whereby the penetrator tip can be separated during the approach to the target.
10. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the cavity (3) is filled with an incompressible medium (15) which, when the warhead is used as a shaped charge, is discarded before the approach to the target or is removed with the penetrator tip.
11. A combination warhead according to Claim 10, characterised in that the released incompressible medium causes secondary effects, e.g. fire.
12. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the penetrator casing (5) is pre-embossed or otherwise pre-treated to produce a defined fragmentation effect.
13. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the warhead has internal, pre-formed fragments (17).
14. A combination warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the warhead has an external fragmentation jacket (18).
15. A combination warhead according to Claim 14, characterised in that the external fragmentation jacket (18) can be removed by separation means (19) before the target is reached.

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