EP0948701A1

EP0948701A1 - Process and device for simultaneously drilling and lining a hole

Info

Publication number: EP0948701A1
Application number: EP97911051A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Josef Mocivnik; Karl BÖHM
Original assignee: Alwag Tunnelausbau GmbH; Techmo Entwicklungs und Vertriebs GmbH
Current assignee: Alwag Tunnelausbau GmbH; Techmo Entwicklungs und Vertriebs GmbH
Priority date: 1996-11-12
Filing date: 1997-11-12
Publication date: 1999-10-13
Anticipated expiration: 2017-11-12
Also published as: CN1237222A; ES2176709T3; JP3813177B2; CZ162399A3; JP2001503486A; KR20000053240A; DE59707305D1; ID21554A; CA2271655C; EP0948701B1; WO1998021439A1; ATE217681T1; CZ296814B6; SK283483B6; AU726332B2; KR100338308B1; HK1023611A1; SK59399A3; CA2271655A1; PL185256B1

Abstract

In a process for drilling, in particular rotary percussion or percussion drilling, and lining holes in the ground or rocks, a hole (13) is percussion and/or rotation drilled by a cutter (1, 2, 3) mounted on boring rods (9) and a lining is formed by a jacket tube (5). During drilling, at least one jacket tube (5, 5') coupled to the cutter (1, 2) is drawn in the axial direction by the cutter (1, 2, 3) into the bore hole (13) and once drilling is finished, the cutter (3) is at least partially removed from the jacket tube (5, 5') together with the boring rods (9). In a device for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, and lining holes in the ground or rocks, a cutter (1, 2, 3) mounted on boring rods (9) drills a bore hole by percussion and/or rotary drilling. The cutter (1, 2, 3) is divided in the radial direction. At least one jacket tube (5, 5') which surrounds the boring rods (9) is located at the end of the cutter (3) away from the drilling surface, around the outer circumference of the cutter (3), and is form-fittingly joined to the cutter (1) by at least one coupling element (6) so as to be drawn in the longitudinal direction of the bore hole (13).

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRILLING AND LINING HOLES AT THE SAME TIME

The present invention relates to a method for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, and lining holes in soil or rock material, a drill hole being formed by a striking and / or rotating movement by means of a drill bit mounted on a drill pipe and by a cladding tube a lining is formed. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary impact drilling, and lining holes in soil or rock material, a drill bit mounted on a drill pipe forming a borehole by a striking and / or rotating movement.

Such methods and devices for drilling, in particular for percussion or rotary impact drilling, and subsequent lining of holes in soil or rock material are known in various embodiments. A hole or a hole, which may extend over great lengths, is formed with the aid of a drill bit which is mounted on a drill pipe, the hole being formed by a striking and / or rotating movement. In rotary impact drilling, this core bit is usually rotated by a certain angle after each impact on the drill bit and is again acted upon by a striking tool, the systematic alternating displacement of the drill bit in the direction of rotation and the intermittent striking on the surface covered by the drill bit during the rotary movement the material is crushed and broken out. In order to prevent material from breaking into the borehole, which may extend over a long length, and / or to be able to provide an essentially smooth and flat lining after completion of the borehole, it has been proposed, for example, to use a suitably solid cladding tube, being for example the striking movement is exerted on the drill bit via the cladding tube and thus, strictly speaking, the cladding tube represents part of the drilling or propulsion device. It is immediately apparent that such a cladding tube must be of correspondingly solid and thick-walled design in order to introduce the required high impact forces, which means that a correspondingly larger cross section must be drilled in order to take into account the wall thickness of the cladding tube. Such a cross-sectional area enlarged by the wall thickness of the cladding tube requires a correspondingly greater amount of time to produce the bore, in particular in the case of hard rock, and at the same time requires a correspondingly larger and solidly formed drill bit.

Instead of using a cladding tube to introduce the impact forces, methods have also become known in which, in time-consuming, multiple work steps, attempts are made to remove the drill bit from the borehole after completion of the borehole and then to insert a lining or cladding tube into the borehole. It is immediately clear that such a procedure can only be used in those cases in which a break-in of material into the finished borehole can be ruled out with certainty, in addition, of course, a correspondingly enlarged cross-section must be drilled in order to subsequently insert the lining or envelope tube. In order to be able to insert such a lining or cladding tube of great length, this tube must in turn be designed with a relatively large wall thickness in order to enable a secure insertion. It is therefore also necessary in this case to use a drill bit with a relatively large diameter which is matched to the dimensions of the cladding tube.

After the lining or cladding tube has been introduced, an anchor can, for example, be introduced into the cladding tube and, additionally or alternatively, a correspondingly rapidly setting material for solidifying the surrounding material. rials are introduced. Alternatively, such a lining can be used to hold lines or the like or, if perforations are provided, can be used to drain liquids and thus for drainage.

The present invention therefore aims to develop, starting from a method for drilling, in particular impact or rotary impact drilling, and lining holes in soil or rock material, in such a way that at least one cladding tube is introduced quickly and easily substantially simultaneously with the formation of the borehole can. Furthermore, the aim is to use a cladding tube or cladding tubes with dimensions that are smaller than the known embodiments and in particular reduced wall thickness, in order to be able to reduce to a minimum the additional effort required for the cladding tube (s) during drilling. To achieve this object, the method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that, with the advancing movement during drilling, at least one cladding tube coupled to the drill bit is introduced into the borehole in the axial direction by tensile action by the drill bit, and that after completion of the drilling operation, the drill bit is at least partially together is removed from the cladding with the drill pipe. The fact that, according to the invention, with the advance movement during drilling, a cladding tube coupled to the drill bit is introduced into the borehole in a merely axial direction by applying tensile force, ensures that a lining of the borehole can be made immediately during the production of the borehole, so that a Breaking in of any loose rock and thus relocating the borehole is avoided with certainty. Due to the fact that the at least one cladding tube is introduced directly through the drill bit into the borehole by axial loading only, it can be found that a very thin-walled cladding tube is sufficient, since the cladding tube has no forces, as was the case, for example, in accordance with the prior art , the impact forces via a correspondingly massive cladding tube have been exerted on the drill bit, have to take it up and pass it on and only have to have sufficient strength to reliably prevent kinking or a reduction in the cross section in the event of loose rock. In order to ensure a simple removal of the drill bit together with the drill pipe after the completed drilling with unchanged arrangement of the cladding tube in the borehole, it is also proposed according to the invention to remove the drill bit from the cladding tube at least partially together with the drill pipe. For this purpose, the drill bit can, for example, be divided into a substantially central part and an outer part which essentially surrounds the central part, so that after the central part has been released, this main component of the drill bit, together with the drill pipe, passes through the interior of the at least one cladding tube the borehole can be removed.

In addition, in order to ensure during a rotating movement of the drill bit that the cladding tube (s) coupled to the drill bit is only introduced in the axial direction of the borehole by a tensile stress in the sense of the propulsion movement during drilling, it is also mentioned preferably proposed that the drill bit be rotatably arranged relative to the casing tube (s).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention is further developed in such a way that, after the drill pipe and the central part of the drill bit have been removed, an anchor is introduced into the cladding tube (s) and / or backfilling is carried out with a hardening material.

For simple removal of the material broken down by the drill bit, it is furthermore preferably proposed that the removed material be introduced into the interior of the casing tube (s) via at least one opening arranged in the area adjoining the drill bit and is released from the borehole in the space between the cladding tube (s) and the drill pipe. Due to the fact that the mined material is brought out of the borehole in the space between the cladding tube or cladding tubes and the drill pipe, the required borehole cross-section can be further reduced, so that the outer dimensions of the borehole can essentially be matched to the outer diameter of the outer cladding tube and this only slightly exceed in a favorable manner.

A device according to the invention for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, and lining holes in soil or rock material, wherein a drill bit mounted on a drill pipe forms a borehole by a striking and / or rotating movement, is essentially for solving the tasks set out above characterized in that the drill bit is split in the radial direction and that at least one cladding tube surrounding the drill pipe is positively connected to the drill bit in the longitudinal direction of the drill hole on the outer circumference of the drill bit at the end facing away from the excavation surface via at least one coupling element. Due to the fact that the drill bit is divided in the radial direction, it can easily be ensured when the borehole is completed that, for example, the central main part of the drill bit can be removed from the borehole through the cladding tube together with the drill pipe, while the at least one cladding tube can be removed directly when the borehole is produced, it is introduced into the borehole by a pulling device which takes place in the longitudinal direction of the borehole and remains inside the borehole after the borehole has been completed. In order to ensure, even with a rotating movement of the drill bit, that the casing tube (s) mounted on the outer circumference of the drill bit is only acted upon in the axial direction of the borehole, it is also preferably provided that the drill bit is rotatable via the coupling element with the (the) cladding tube (s) is connected. For a particularly simple coupling between the drill bit and the cladding tube carried along by the drill bit in the axial direction during the advancing movement, it is furthermore preferably proposed that the coupling elements of offset peripheral regions of the drill bit and the cladding tube have a coordinated, complementary profile, optionally with the interposition of a profiled, annular intermediate member are formed. Such offset circumferential areas, which can be designed, for example, in the manner of step-like elevations and complementary depressions, can ensure that the casing pipe is carried along securely during the advancing movement of the drill bit even with comparatively thin wall thicknesses of the casing pipe.

Alternatively, for a simple coupling between the drill bit and the cladding tube (s) to be carried along by the drill bit during the advancing movement, it is proposed that the coupling elements are formed by a plurality of balls, which have recesses on the drill bit which have a substantially semicircular cross section and complementary recesses are arranged on a connecting piece of the cladding tube or cladding tubes adjoining the drill bit, as this corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention. By using balls, which are arranged in corresponding recesses both on the drill bit and on the connecting piece of the cladding tube or the cladding tubes, a correspondingly simple connection and coupling between the drill bit and the cladding tube or the cladding tubes can be made in the manner of the ball bearing enable, whereby a correspondingly easy rotatability of the at least one cladding tube relative to the drill bit can be achieved during the rotating and / or rotationally striking movement of the drill bit during the production of the borehole. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided in this connection that the connection piece of the at least one cladding tube and / or the connection area of the drill bit are made of metal, plastic or a coated material, with the use of balls, for example made of metal or plastic, a coordination of the individual materials of both the coupling elements and the connecting piece of the cladding tube (s) having the recesses (see ) or the end piece of the drill bit. Naturally, for a correspondingly simple movement of the balls, a lubricant, for example oil, can also be introduced into the recesses for receiving the coupling elements formed by the balls.

In order to avoid that forces acting on the drill bit during the advancing movement are introduced into the casing tube, which may have a very small cross-section or wall thickness and possibly lead to deformation thereof, it is also proposed that the coupling elements between the drill bit and the ( the) cladding tube (s) are at least partially formed from a damping material or coated with a damping material, as this corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.

For easy removal of the mined material in the space between the inner cladding tube and the drill pipe, which can ensure a correspondingly small borehole cross section, which is essentially matched to the outer dimensions of the outer cladding tube, it is also preferably provided that the (the) Cladding tube (s) has (have) at least one passage opening in its end region facing the drill bit, in particular a plurality of bores or passage slots evenly distributed around the circumference of the cladding tube.

As already indicated above, cladding tubes can not only be used for the subsequent insertion of an anchor and thus generally for the production of an anchoring of objects. are set, but it can also be provided, for example, to carry out drainage via the borehole produced and the cladding tubes introduced into it. For this purpose, it is preferably proposed according to the invention that the cladding tube (s) is (are) formed over its entire length with perforations which are substantially uniformly distributed over the circumference.

In order to ensure that the central part of the drill bit is simply brought out after completion of the borehole, it is furthermore preferably proposed that the drill bit consist of at least a central inner part and an outer part, which are coupled to one another but releasably coupled, the central part the drill bit has a slightly smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the inner cladding tube. For a particularly simple and reliable coupling of the individual elements of such a multi-part drill bit, it is furthermore preferably proposed that the central inner part of the drill bit have a cross-section deviating from the circular shape and be led out through a corresponding opening in the outer part of the drill bit to take rotation.

As already mentioned several times, due to the fact that the cladding tube is introduced directly through the drill bit by an action in the axial direction during the driving or drilling movement, it is not necessary compared to the outer dimensions of the outer cladding or lining tube to provide an enlarged diameter of the borehole, as was required according to the prior art, in particular when a cladding tube was subsequently inserted. It is therefore sufficient that the outer diameter of the outer casing tube corresponds essentially to the outer dimensions of the drill bit in the radial direction.

Since the cladding tubes used in the context of the invention essentially only possibly break in material rial have to withstand and no forces, for example impact forces for rotary impact drilling, have to absorb or transmit, can be found with correspondingly thin-walled cladding tubes. In this context, it is preferably proposed according to the invention that the cladding tube (s) have a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm, in particular about 2 mm, so that it is immediately apparent that the entire cladding tube to be dismantled or provided by the cladding tubes . The area to be drilled has to be increased only slightly and even with a correspondingly low use of material and thus weight for the cladding tube (s) it is possible to find sufficient length.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the cladding tube (s) is (are) made of metal or plastic, so that a correspondingly simple adaptation to the ambient conditions and in particular to the soil or rock material in which a borehole is made should be trained is possible. While a cladding tube made of metal has a correspondingly high mechanical strength, it can be disadvantageous with such a design that loose or loose layers of soil or rock can impair the mostly very thin-walled cladding tube in the sense of kinking or narrowing the cross-section of the cladding tube , whereby a subsequent removal of the drill bit may be difficult or completely prevented, so that the subsequent insertion of an anchor, for example, is no longer possible. In such cases of loose soil or rock material in particular, the use of plastic sheaths, which have a certain flexibility, has proven to be advantageous, since even with temporary cross-sectional changes in the sheath tube (s), the drill bit continues to be driven forward the cladding tubes return to their original cross-sectional shape and thus, after the borehole has been completed, the drill bit is correctly deployed and, if necessary, an anchor subsequently inserted is easily possible. Particularly when using plastic sheaths, the use of coupling elements in the manner of a ball bearing, as explained above, is particularly advantageous in order to enable the undisturbed, free rotation of the drill bit and the sheaths during the rotating or rotary drilling movement of the drill bit , since a rotating entrainment of the cladding tube through the drill bit can be regarded as disadvantageous when using cladding tubes made of plastic.

In order, in particular, to minimize as far as possible these layers of soil or rock, in which material breaks in easily and thus the frictional forces acting on the cladding tubes become particularly large, it is provided according to the invention that two cladding tubes are arranged essentially concentrically to one another and over Intermediate space between the cladding tubes, preferably spacing elements or stop elements arranged on one of the mutually facing jacket surfaces of the cladding tubes, are kept at a distance from one another. Because two cladding tubes are arranged essentially concentrically to one another and are kept at a distance from one another, damage to the drill pipe can be avoided, on the one hand, even if the outer cladding tube is overloaded by material breaking in and thus destroying or damaging it, and on the other hand it is prevented by Carrying only one of the two essentially concentrically arranged cladding tubes with the drill bit possible to form a lining of the boreholes in which the outside diameter of the borehole lining is not constant over the entire length. Such changing external dimensions of the borehole lining, in particular in areas which have a smaller diameter of the borehole lining, minimizes the frictional force acting on the cladding tubes.

In order to ensure such a telescopability or a separate, separate pulling of the two concentrically arranged cladding tubes, the invention is in essentially characterized in that at least the outer cladding tube is formed in several parts and in the area of at least one connection of adjacent cladding tube sections are detachably coupled to the inner tube via a closure which can be decoupled by relative rotation of adjacent elements, in particular via a bayonet closure. Due to the multi-part design of the outer cladding tube and a decouplable connection of adjacent cladding tube sections, it is possible to pull one cladding tube section after loosening the closure of two adjacent cladding tube sections, the other remaining stationary and thus a borehole lining with changing diameters being achieved.

In order to ensure complete lining of the borehole and to ensure that the cladding tube sections, which are either internal or external, are carried along in a targeted manner, the device according to the invention is preferably designed such that the cladding tubes arranged concentrically to one another each have stop elements directed into the annular space between the cladding tubes in at least one end region, and in that in the area of a connecting element, in particular a sleeve element of the inner tubes, guide and decoupling elements for adjoining, outer cladding tube elements are arranged. Since the cladding tubes, which are arranged concentrically to one another, have stop elements directed into the annular space between the cladding tubes in at least one end region, a complete pulling apart of the inside and outside cladding tubes is avoided with certainty and, according to the invention, a sleeve element of the inner tubes having guide and decoupling elements can also be used according to the invention specific entrainment of certain inner and outer pipe sections can be ensured.

In order to ensure removal of the inner area of the drill bit through the annular space formed by the cladding tubes, it is preferably provided that the concentrated cladding tubes arranged in relation to one another can be connected to the outer region of the drill bit. In particular, at least the outer cladding tube is fixed to the drill bit, so that at least the outer cladding tube is securely carried in the area of the drill bit.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawing. In this show:

1 shows a partial view, partly in section, of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow II of Figure 1 on the drill bit of the device according to the invention.

3, on an enlarged scale compared to the illustration in FIG. 1, again partially in section, a side view of an enlarged length section of the device according to the invention in FIG. 1 after removal of the central part of the drill bit and the drill string;

Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of a borehole made with the device according to the invention with the anchor set; 5 shows, in a representation similar to FIG. 1, a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention; Fig. 6 is a view in the direction of arrow VI of Figure 5 on the drill bit of this second embodiment. 7 shows, in a representation similar to FIG. 1, a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention; and

8 shows a schematic illustration of the inner and outer cladding tube, the first cladding tube sections viewed in the direction towards the drill bit being shown in a pushed-together view in FIG. 8a, the first and second inner and outer sections of the cladding tubes of FIG seen from the drill bit in a pushed together 8c, the same as in FIG. 8b, the cladding tube sections are shown in a partially extended state, and in FIG. 8d, the cladding tube sections are shown in a fully extended state.

1 and 2, a drill bit is generally designated by 1, which consists of a central part, the so-called pilot drill bit 2 and an annular drill bit 3 surrounding this pilot drill bit 2. On the front end face of the pilot drill bits 2 and the ring drill bit 3, conventional mining tools known per se, such as, for example, essentially hemispherical hard material inserts 4, are provided for mining the material.

At the end facing away from the cutting surfaces of the drill bit 1, a relatively small wall thickness of, for example, 2 mm cladding tube is coupled to the drill bit 1, wherein a profiled, annular intermediate member 6 is used for the coupling, which has step-like or nose-like projections 7 engages in corresponding recesses both in the area of the ring core bit 3 and in the foremost section of the outer cladding tube 5. A drawn, inner cladding tube 5 'has at its upper end region a stop element 29 which lies tightly against the outer cladding tube 5. Via the coupling 6, the outer cladding tube 5 is entrained in the drilling or advancing direction indicated by arrow 8 by means of an axial tensile stress, while the drill bit 1 is rotatably supported relative to the cladding tubes 5 and 5 ', so that this rotating movement when drilling the drill bit 1 is not hindered. It can thus be seen that the cladding tubes 5 and 5 ', which can be made correspondingly thin-walled, are carried along by the drill bit 1, the cladding tubes 5 and 5' surrounding the drill pipe, indicated schematically by 9, to form a free space 10.

1 that the cladding tube 5 and the cladding tube 5 'are plural in their foremost section of through openings 11, which are distributed over the circumference and overlap in the inserted state, through which removed material can be introduced according to arrow 12 into the space between the drill pipe 9 and the pipes 5 and 5 'and subsequently conveyed to the outside. In this case, the drill pipe 9 can be designed as a tube or be provided with another line via which a gaseous or liquid flushing agent can be fed in and pressed out into the free space 10 through openings between the drill bit 1 and the passage openings 11.

The outer contour of the borehole to be produced is indicated schematically at 13 in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is immediately clear that when using correspondingly thin-walled cladding tubes 5 and 5 ', which are only exposed to tensile stress in the axial direction of the borehole through the drill bit 1 during the mining process, the overall diameter of the borehole 13 can be correspondingly smaller. After completion of the borehole 13, the pilot drill bit 2, which preferably has a cross section deviating from the circular shape, is decoupled from the ring drill bit 3 and pulled off together with the drill pipe through the cladding tube 5 ′, so that the entire interior space, which is defined by the cladding tube 5 ′, for example for the insertion of an anchor or a filler.

3, a larger length section is shown, whereby it can be seen that the pilot drill bit or the central part 2 of the drill bit has already been removed together with the drill string, so that only the cladding tubes or lining tubes 5 and 5 are left in the borehole 13 'and the ring core bit 3 remain. From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that in addition to the coupling 6 between the drill bit or the remaining ring drill bit 3 and the cladding tube 5 in the foremost section is coupled to the drill bit via a corresponding coupling element 14. Via the openings 11 provided in the front section, a filling compound can be inserted into the front section, for example Area of the borehole 13 for anchoring can also be introduced into the space between the boundary of the borehole 13 and the outer cladding tube 5. Further longitudinal sections of the outer cladding tubes 5 have projections 31 and 32 in their end portions, which are coupled to one in a sleeve 30, which firmly connects two sections of inner cladding tubes 5 'to one another.

4 shows an embodiment in which, after removal of the drill pipe into the cladding tubes 5 and 5 'shown schematically in the fully extended state, an anchor indicated schematically by 15 can be inserted or in particular screwed in, this anchor 15 additionally in its exposed area is supported or braced on the ground via a screw connection 16. In this case, an appropriate backfill mass can also be introduced into the cladding tubes 5 and 5 'immediately when the anchor 15 is introduced, in order to ensure that the foremost section is anchored to the ring drill bit 3 remaining in the ground.

5 and 6, a modified embodiment is shown in a representation similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein a cladding tube, again designated 5, is rotatably fixed directly on the outer circumference of a ring drill bit 17 and one provided with cutting edges 18 Pilot drill bit is designated 19. In this embodiment, the fixing on the outer circumference of the ring bit 17 takes place via correspondingly stepped or stepped partial areas both on the ring bit bit 17 and on the end of the cladding tube 5 facing the bit bit 1, the corresponding profiles being designated by 20 and 21. The inner cladding tube and its stop element are again designated 5 'and 29, respectively. The drill string coupled to the drill bit 1 is designated 22. In this embodiment, too, the central part or the pilot drill bit 19 is made after completion of the borehole The drill bit 1 is pulled out together with the drill pipe 22 through the interior of the cladding tube 5 or 5 ', whereupon, for example, an anchor can again be introduced and / or additionally filled with a hardening material, in particular cement milk.

Instead of inserting an anchor into a borehole 13 lined with the cladding tubes 5 and 5 ', such a borehole 13 can also be used, for example, for drainage or drainage, in this case distributed over the length of the cladding tubes 5 and 5' and over the To be provided a plurality of perforations or openings.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, once again, 1 denotes a possibly multi-part drill bit with hard material inserts 4, with cladding tubes carried by the drill bit 1 being designated 5 and 5 '. While in the preceding embodiment the cladding tubes 5, 5 'can for example be formed from a metallic material, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 the cladding tubes 5 and 5' as well as the stop element 29 are made of plastic.

The attachment to the drill bit 1 takes place via a multiplicity of coupling elements in the form of balls 23, which are received in corresponding recesses 24 of semicircular cross section at the rear of the drill bit 1 and complementary, semicircular recesses 25 of a connecting piece 26, the connecting piece 26 is directly connected to the cladding tube 5 made of plastic. The balls 23, which form the coupling elements between the drill bit 1 and the cladding tube 5, thus constitute a coupling in the manner of a ball bearing, as a result of which a correspondingly simple rotation between the cladding tube 5 and the drill bit 1 can be achieved during the rotating or rotational movement. Since a cladding tube 5 made of plastic can have a correspondingly high degree of flexibility, the Drill bit 1 in the area surrounding the cladding tube 5 is additionally provided on the inside with a support tube 27 and on the outside with a support tube 28, between which the jacket tube 5 made of plastic is then correspondingly attached or clamped directly to the connection piece 26, these additional supports 27 and 28 can be formed from metal, for example.

To match the material properties of the balls 23, which can be made of metal or plastic, to the bearing surfaces or bearing elements in the area of the recesses 24 and 25, the connecting piece 26 and the extension of the drill bit 1 can also be made of metal or plastic, or be provided with attractive coatings.

8 schematically shows the inner and outer cladding tubes 5 'and 5, as they can be moved or pulled against each other when the drill bit is being driven into the rock or earth material. 8a shows the first cladding tube sections 5 and 5 'seen in the direction of the drill bit 1 in the pushed-together position, i.e. in the position at the start of drilling. The outer cladding tube section 5 has schematically at its front end an intermediate member 6, which is intended for fixing the outer cladding tube section 5 to the drill bit 1 (not shown in FIG. 8), the direction of advance of the drill bit 1 being indicated by the arrows 33 in FIG. 8 is. At its end facing away from the drill bit, the outer cladding tube 5 has a projection 34 which is slidably mounted on the inner cladding tube 5 '. Analogously, a projection 29 is provided at the end of the inner cladding tube 5 'facing the drill bit 1, which can interact with the projection 34 of the outer cladding tube 5 in the extended state.

8b the first two cladding tube sections of both the outer and inner cladding tubes 5 and 5 'are schematically indicated, again the first cladding tube section 5, seen in the direction of the drill bit 1, has a projection 34 at its end facing away from the drill bit 1, which in the extended state interacts with the projection 29 of the inner cladding tube 5 '. The two outer cladding tubes 5 shown are not directly connected to one another, but are only connected via a sleeve 30 which firmly connects the two inner cladding tubes 5 ′ to one another. For this connection, on the two outer cladding tube sections 5 on the mutually directed end regions of the projections 31, 32 are provided, which can engage in corresponding recesses in the sleeve element 30. In the pushed-together state, both the outer cladding tube sections 5 and the inner cladding tube sections 5 ′ are thus firmly connected to one another by means of the sleeve 30.

In order to also have the length of the inner cladding tube section available as lining for the borehole during a further advance into the rock or earth material, as shown in FIG. 8c, the second one viewed from the direction of the drill bit 1 is rotated Cladding tube section 5 in relation to the sleeve 30 of the inner cladding tube 5 ', the projection 31 is brought out of engagement with the corresponding recess of the sleeve 30, whereupon the outer cladding tube 5 on the inner cladding tube 5 by further advancement of the drill bit 1 in the direction of arrow 31 5 'is guided in a sliding manner until the stops 29 and 34 provided on the cladding tubes 5 and 5' abut one another.

So that the length of the first cladding tube section 5 ', as seen from the direction of the drill bit 1, can also be used for lining a borehole, holding the outer cladding tube 5 at the end facing away from the drill bit 1 will subsequently counteract the advancing movement causes the projection 32 of the first outer cladding tube section 5 is torn from the corresponding recess of the sleeve 30 of the inner cladding tube 5 ' and the cladding tube section 5 of the outer cladding tube viewed in the direction of the drill bit 1 is slid along the first cladding tube section 5 'in the direction of the propulsion movement.

In the fully extended state, as shown in FIG. 8d, the lining of the borehole is thus profiled, as a result of which in particular the frictional forces acting on the cladding tubes can be significantly reduced.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, and lining holes in soil or rock material, with a drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) mounted on a drill rod (9) by a striking and / or rotating movement a borehole (13) is formed and a lining is formed by a cladding tube (5), characterized in that with the advance movement during drilling at least one cladding tube coupled to the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) by pulling the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) in the axial direction into the borehole (13) and that after completion of the drilling process, the drill bit at least partially together with the drill rod (9) from the cladding tube (5) Will get removed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) is rotatably arranged relative to the (the) cladding tube (s) (5).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after removal of the drill pipe and the drill bit in the (the) cladding tube (s) (5), an anchor (15) is introduced and / or backfilling with a hardening material becomes.

4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that degraded material in at least one in the region of the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) arranged opening (11) in the interior of the cladding tube ( 5) (the cladding tube) is introduced and is brought out of the borehole (13) in the space between the cladding tube (s) (5) and the drill pipe (9).

5. Device for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary impact drilling, and lining holes (13) in soil or rock material, one of which is loaded on a drill rod (9). The drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) forms a drill hole (13) by means of a striking and / or rotating movement, characterized in that the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) is divided in the radial direction and that on the outer circumference of the drill bit (1) at least one coupling element (6, 20, 21, 23) at least one cladding tube (5) surrounding the drill pipe (9, 22) at the end facing away from the excavation surface to be entrained in the longitudinal direction of the borehole ( 13) is positively connected to the drill bit (1).

6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the drill bit (1, 13, 17) via the coupling element (6, 20, 21, 23) is rotatably connected to the (s) cladding tube (s) (5).

7. Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the coupling elements (6, 20, 21) of offset peripheral regions of the drill bit (2, 17) and the cladding tube (5) with coordinated, complementary profiling, optionally with interposition a profiled, annular intermediate member (6) are formed.

8. Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the coupling elements are formed by a plurality of balls (23) which in a substantially semicircular cross-section recesses (24) on the drill bit (1) and complementary recesses (25) are arranged on a connecting piece (26) of the cladding tube (5) which adjoins the drill bit (1).

9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the connecting piece (26) of the at least one cladding tube (5) and / or the connection area of the drill bit (1) are made of metal, plastic or a coated material.

10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the coupling elements (6, 20, 21, 23) between the drill bit (2, 17) and the cladding tube (s) (5) are at least partially formed from a damping material or coated with a damping material.

11. Device according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the (the) cladding tube (s) (5) in his (her) to the drill bit (1) facing end region at least one passage opening (11), in particular several on the circumference of the Cladding tube (5) has (evenly) distributed holes or through slots.

12. Device according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the (the) cladding tube (s) (5) over its (their) entire length is formed with perforations substantially uniformly distributed over the circumference (are).

13. Device according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the drill bit (1) consists of at least a central inner part (2, 19) and an outer part (3), which are coupled to each other but releasably, whereby the central part (2, 19) of the drill bit (1) has a slightly smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the inner cladding tube (5).

14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the central inner part (12) of the drill bit (1) has a cross-section deviating from the circular shape and is led out through a corresponding opening of the outer part (3) of the drill bit (1) .

15. Device according to one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the outer diameter of the outer cladding tube (5) corresponds substantially to the outer dimensions of the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) in the radial direction.

16. Device according to one of claims 5 to 15, characterized in that the (the) cladding tube (s) (5) has a wall thickness of 1-3 mm, in particular about 2 mm (have).

17. Device according to one of claims 5 to 16, characterized in that the (the) cladding tube (s) (5) is made of metal or plastic (are).

18. Device according to one of claims 5 to 17, characterized in that in the cladding tube (5) after removal of the drill bit (3, 19) and the drill string (9, 22), for example, in its protruding from the soil (16) Section of clampable anchor (15) can be inserted, in particular screwed in.

19. Device according to one of claims 5 to 18, characterized in that two cladding tubes are arranged substantially concentrically to each other and spaced apart or stop elements arranged in the space between the cladding tubes, preferably on one of the mutually facing lateral surfaces of the cladding tubes are.

20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that at least the outer cladding tube is formed in several parts and in the area of at least one connection of adjacent cladding tube sections via a lock that can be decoupled by relative rotation of adjacent elements, in particular via a bayonet lock, are detachably coupled to the inner tube.

21. Device according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the cladding tube arranged concentrically to one another each have stop elements directed in at least one end region into the annular space between the cladding tubes and that in the region of a connecting element, in particular a sleeve element of the inner tubes, guide and Decoupling tion elements for adjoining outer cladding tube elements are arranged.

22. Device according to claim 19, 20 or 21, characterized in that the concentrically arranged to each other

Cladding tubes can be connected to the outer area of the drill bit.

23. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that at least the outer cladding tube is releasably attached to the drill bit.