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EP0873882B1 - Device for automatically applying glue to the backs of book blocks - Google Patents

Device for automatically applying glue to the backs of book blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0873882B1
EP0873882B1 EP98102604A EP98102604A EP0873882B1 EP 0873882 B1 EP0873882 B1 EP 0873882B1 EP 98102604 A EP98102604 A EP 98102604A EP 98102604 A EP98102604 A EP 98102604A EP 0873882 B1 EP0873882 B1 EP 0873882B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
book blocks
adhesive
speed
driven
book
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98102604A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0873882A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Hansmeier
Harald Grewe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kolbus GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Kolbus GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kolbus GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kolbus GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0873882A1 publication Critical patent/EP0873882A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0873882B1 publication Critical patent/EP0873882B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42CBOOKBINDING
    • B42C9/00Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding
    • B42C9/0006Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding by applying adhesive to a stack of sheets
    • B42C9/0012Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding by applying adhesive to a stack of sheets with a roller

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for mechanical Apply glue to the back of book blocks with a conveyor for the book blocks and with one of a motor driven adhesive applicator roller that deals with rolls its circumference on the back of the book blocks and thereby one Applying adhesive film, covering the adhesive application roller to the speed of the book blocks as a setpoint with a increased and reduced speed is driven.
  • a known application system consists of a profiled one Applicator roller running in a glue container Bucket roller is in contact and a glue film by rolling at the back of the book block.
  • the applicator can ze in coordination with those in a funding institution with the spine facing upwards transported book blocks to the Book block spines can be moved back and forth.
  • the method also provides for the application roller to be set down from the book block spine with a reduced average circulation speed to drive, so as to pollute the Exclude cut surface of the book block.
  • the invention has for its object a device for machine applying glue to the back of book blocks of the generic type to create with a significant reduced structural effort a uniform, full area Apply glue to the back of book blocks avoiding contamination of the back of the book blocks adjacent cut surfaces guaranteed by glue.
  • FIG. 1 for controlling the Device for the mechanical application of glue to the back of a book block 1 schematically shows a book block transport chain 2 and a glue unit with a glue container 3, one Bucket roller 4 and a glue application roller 5, which deal with their Rolls circumference at the back of the book block 1 and thereby a glue film transfers.
  • the glue application roller 5 is as the contour of the book block spine adapted profile roller and consists of an elastic Material, such as rubber, to make the different Align the spine shapes of the book blocks 1 as much as possible.
  • Glue application roller 5 and scoop roller 4 have an opposite Direction of rotation and a slight changeable Distance from each other, such that the glue application roller 5 on the Scoop roller 4 works dingy.
  • the book block 1 is under the book block transport chain 2 Alignment of a rear reference edge indicated by line 7 kept clamped and intermittently the constant Level glue applicator roller 5 supplied.
  • the order size the glue film can be made using known dosing agents adjust in the form of a scraper 6 on the scoop roller 4.
  • a rotary encoder 8 on the book block transport chain 2 the actual chain speed and the impulses of the encoder in a pulse voltage converter 9 converted.
  • the pulse-voltage converter 9 is adjusted so that that 10 V of a maximum block transport speed of 60 Cycles / min. correspond.
  • This voltage of 10 V is converted into one Frequency converter 10 fed, via which the drive motor 11 for the gluing unit with the scoop roller 4 and the Glue application roller 5 is controlled.
  • control is to be based on the characteristic diagram be explained in Figure 2.
  • a maximum setpoint voltage of 10 V goes into the frequency converter 10.
  • the characteristic curve for the parameter set a is chosen so that the driven by the motor 11 Glue application roller 5 a medium overspeed Book block transport chain 2 has.
  • the parameter set a is in a machine rotation angle of 50-180 ° driven, which is an area of about 10-20 mm in front of the front edge of book block 1 based on the largest format of one Book blocks up to approx. 40-50 mm in front of the rear edge of the book block 1 corresponds.
  • the machine rotation angle is determined by a second rotary encoder 12, which is attached to the main gear 13, determines (360 ° 1 Clock).
  • the pulse signal is via a memory program control 14 (PLC) specified when the motor 11 for the glue unit with a freely chosen, predetermined frequency for the Idle (jog value) operated or from this predetermined frequency is switched to parameter set a etc.
  • PLC memory program control 14

Landscapes

  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum maschinellen Auftragen von Klebstoff auf den Rücken von Buchblocks mit einer Fördereinrichtung für die Buchblocks und mit einer von einem Motor angetriebenen Klebstoffauftragswalze, die sich mit ihrem Umfang am Rücken der Buchblocks abwälzt und dabei einen Klebstoffilm aufträgt, wobei die Klebstoffauftragswalze bezogen auf die Geschwindigkeit der Buchblocks als Sollwert mit einer erhöhten und verringerten Geschwindigkeit angetrieben ist.The invention relates to a device for mechanical Apply glue to the back of book blocks with a conveyor for the book blocks and with one of a motor driven adhesive applicator roller that deals with rolls its circumference on the back of the book blocks and thereby one Applying adhesive film, covering the adhesive application roller to the speed of the book blocks as a setpoint with a increased and reduced speed is driven.

In der industriellen Buchherstellung gelangen zum Beleimen der Rücken von Buchblocks für die Arbeitsgänge Begazen, Hinterkleben, Kapitalen Profilwalzen zum Einsatz, deren Konturen dem Rücken der Buchblocks angepaßt sind.In industrial book production, gluing of the Spine of book blocks for the operations begazen, back gluing, Capital profile rollers are used, the contours of which Back of the book blocks are adjusted.

Ein bekanntes Auftragssystem besteht aus einer profilierten Auftragswalze, die mit einer in einem Leimbehälter laufenden Schöpfwalze in Kontakt steht und einen Leimfilm durch Abwälzen am Rücken des Buchblocks überträgt. Dabei kann die Auftragswal ze in zeitlicher Abstimmung mit den in einer Fördereinrichtung mit nach oben gerichtetem Rücken transportierten Buchblocks zum Buchblockrücken hin und zurückbewegt werden.A known application system consists of a profiled one Applicator roller running in a glue container Bucket roller is in contact and a glue film by rolling at the back of the book block. The applicator can ze in coordination with those in a funding institution with the spine facing upwards transported book blocks to the Book block spines can be moved back and forth.

Bei Verwendung von Profilwalzen läßt sich, bedingt durch die nicht zu erreichende exakte Anpassung an die Kontur der Buchblockrücken, eine vollflächige Beleimung beim Ansetzen der Profilwalze nicht erreichen.When using profile rollers can, due to the exact adjustment to the contour of the book block spines that cannot be achieved, full-surface gluing when attaching the profile roller do not reach.

Beim Ansetzen der Auftragswalze am Buchblock mit einem bezogen auf die Rückenform flacheren Profil hinterläßt die Auftragswalze eine parabelförmig beleimte Rückenfläche, bei der die Eckbereiche des Rückens keinen Leimauftrag erhalten. Umgekehrt bleibt der Mittelbereich des Rückens ohne Leim beim Ansetzen der Auftragswalze, wenn diese ein gegenüber der Rückenform steileres Profil aufweist.When placing the application roller on the book block covered with a the applicator roller leaves a flatter profile on the back a parabolic glued back surface, in which the corner areas no glue application on the back. Vice versa the middle of the back remains without glue when putting on the applicator roller, if this one compared to the back shape has a steeper profile.

Um einer solchen nicht flächendeckenden Beleimung entgegenzuwirken, wird in der EP-PS 0 189 580 derselben Anmelderin vorgeschlagen, die Auftragswalze zum Ansetzen am Buchblockrücken mit einer gegenüber der Transportgeschwindigkeit der Buchblocks erhöhten mittleren Umlaufgeschwindigkeit anzutreiben. Eine optimale Beleimung dabei läßt sich bei einer 10- bis 20%igen Geschwindigkeitserhöhung erzielen. Gleichzeitig soll durch die gegenüber dem Buchblockrücken höhere Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Auftragswalze eine Verschmutzung der Schnittfläche mit Leim verhindert werden.In order to counteract such non-extensive gluing, is proposed in EP-PS 0 189 580 by the same applicant, the application roller to attach to the back of the book block one increased compared to the transport speed of the book blocks medium speed. An optimal one Gluing can be done with a 10 to 20% increase in speed achieve. At the same time, the compared to the book block spine higher peripheral speed Application roller soiling the cut surface with glue be prevented.

Das Verfahren sieht ferner vor, die Auftragswalze zum Absetzen vom Buchblockrücken mit einer verringerten mittleren Umlaufgeschwindigkeit anzutreiben, um somit eine Verschmutzung der Schnittfläche des Buchblocks auszuschließen.The method also provides for the application roller to be set down from the book block spine with a reduced average circulation speed to drive, so as to pollute the Exclude cut surface of the book block.

Zum Antreiben der Auftragswalze mit wechselnden Geschwindigkeiten in zeitlicher Abstimmung mit der Transportgeschwindigkeit der Buchblocks wird ein nicht unerheblicher konstruktiver Aufwand in Form von mechanischen Antriebs- und Ansteuerungselementen ausgehend vom Hauptantrieb der Maschine benötigt. Ein zusätzlicher hoher Konstruktionsaufwand erfordert das Verstellen der Leimauftragsvorrichtung auf unterschiedliche Buchblockhöhen.For driving the application roller at changing speeds in coordination with the transport speed the book block becomes a not inconsiderable constructive effort in the form of mechanical drive and control elements starting from the main drive of the machine. An additional one high design effort requires adjustment the glue applicator to different book block heights.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum maschinellen Auftragen von Klebstoff auf den Rücken von Buchblocks der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, die mit einem erheblich verringerten baulichen Aufwand ein gleichmäßiges, vollflächiges Auftragen von Klebstoff auf den Rücken von Buchblocks unter Vermeidung einer Verschmutzung der am Rücken der Buchblocks angrenzenden Schnittflächen durch Leim gewährleistet.The invention has for its object a device for machine applying glue to the back of book blocks of the generic type to create with a significant reduced structural effort a uniform, full area Apply glue to the back of book blocks avoiding contamination of the back of the book blocks adjacent cut surfaces guaranteed by glue.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils von Anspruch 1. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous features emerge from the subclaims.

Der mit der Erfindung erzielte technische Fortschritt besteht darin, daß durch die Verwendung eines eigenen frequenzgeregelten, mittels Parametersatz umschaltbaren Antriebes für die Klebstoffauftragsvorrichtung in Verbindung mit der in Bezug auf die Höhe der Buchblocks ortsfest angeordneten Klebstoffauftragswalze eine einfache und wirtschaftliche Bauweise erreicht wird insofern, als die Vorrichtung mit einem geringen Maß an Antriebselementen auskommt und keine Formatverstelleinrichtung benötigt.The technical progress achieved with the invention exists in the fact that by using its own frequency-controlled, drive switchable for the Adhesive application device in connection with that in relation to the height of the book blocks fixed adhesive applicator roller achieved a simple and economical construction is in that the device with a small degree of Drive elements and no format adjustment device needed.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels soll der der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Gedanke näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Blockschaltbild zur Steuerung der erfindungsgemäßen Klebstoff-Auftrags-Vorrichtung;
Fig. 2
ein Kennliniendiagramm des Frequenzumrichters zum Steuern des Antriebsmotors für die Leimauftragswalze.
The idea on which the invention is based will be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a block diagram for controlling the adhesive application device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a characteristic diagram of the frequency converter for controlling the drive motor for the glue application roller.

Das in Figur 1 dargestellte Blockschaltbild zur Steuerung der Vorrichtung zum maschinellen Auftragen von Leim auf den Rücken eines Buchblocks 1 zeigt schematisch eine Buchblocktransportkette 2 und ein Leimwerk mit einem Leimbehälter 3, einer Schöpfwalze 4 und einer Leimauftragswalze 5, die sich mit ihrem Umfang am Rücken des Buchblocks 1 abwälzt und dabei einen Leimfilm überträgt. The block diagram shown in Figure 1 for controlling the Device for the mechanical application of glue to the back of a book block 1 schematically shows a book block transport chain 2 and a glue unit with a glue container 3, one Bucket roller 4 and a glue application roller 5, which deal with their Rolls circumference at the back of the book block 1 and thereby a glue film transfers.

Die Leimauftragswalze 5 ist als der Kontur des Buchblockrückens angepaßte Profilwalze ausgebildet und besteht aus einem elastischen Material, beispielsweise Gummi, um sich den unterschiedlichen Rückenformen der Buchblocks 1 weitestgehend anzugleichen. Leimauftragswalze 5 und Schöpfwalze 4 haben eine entgegengesetzte Drehrichtung und einen geringfügigen veränderbaren Abstand zueinander, derart, daß die Leimauftragswalze 5 auf die Schöpfwalze 4 schabend wirkt.The glue application roller 5 is as the contour of the book block spine adapted profile roller and consists of an elastic Material, such as rubber, to make the different Align the spine shapes of the book blocks 1 as much as possible. Glue application roller 5 and scoop roller 4 have an opposite Direction of rotation and a slight changeable Distance from each other, such that the glue application roller 5 on the Scoop roller 4 works dingy.

Der Buchblock 1 wird von der Buchblocktransportkette 2 unter Ausrichtung einer hinteren durch die Linie 7 angedeuteten Bezugskante geklemmt gehalten und taktweise der sich auf konstantem Niveau befindlichen Leimauftragswalze 5 zugeführt. Die Auftragsstärke des Leimfilms läßt sich über bekannte Dosiermittel in Form eines Schabers 6 an der Schöpfwalze 4 einstellen.The book block 1 is under the book block transport chain 2 Alignment of a rear reference edge indicated by line 7 kept clamped and intermittently the constant Level glue applicator roller 5 supplied. The order size the glue film can be made using known dosing agents adjust in the form of a scraper 6 on the scoop roller 4.

Über einen Drehgeber 8 an der Buchblocktransportkette 2 wird die tatsächliche Kettengeschwindigkeit ermittelt und die Impulse des Drehgebers in einem Impuls-Spannungswandler 9 umgewandelt. Dabei wird der Impuls-Spannungswandler 9 so abgeglichen, daß 10 V einer maximalen Blocktransportgeschwindigkeit von 60 Takten/Min. entsprechen. Diese Spannung von 10 V wird in einen Frequenzumrichter 10 eingespeist, über den schließlich der Antriebsmotor 11 für das Leimwerk mit der Schöpfwalze 4 und der Leimauftragswalze 5 gesteuert wird.Via a rotary encoder 8 on the book block transport chain 2 the actual chain speed and the impulses of the encoder in a pulse voltage converter 9 converted. The pulse-voltage converter 9 is adjusted so that that 10 V of a maximum block transport speed of 60 Cycles / min. correspond. This voltage of 10 V is converted into one Frequency converter 10 fed, via which the drive motor 11 for the gluing unit with the scoop roller 4 and the Glue application roller 5 is controlled.

Die Steuerung soll nachfolgend anhand des Kennliniendiagramms in Figur 2 erläutert werden.The control is to be based on the characteristic diagram be explained in Figure 2.

Bei 60 Takten/Min. geht eine maximale Sollwertspannung von 10 V in den Frequenzumrichter 10 ein. Durch die vorgewählten Kennlinien kann der Motor 11 für das Leimwerk mit maximal 80 Hz bzw. maximal 60 Hz betrieben werden. Die Kennlinie für den Parametersatz a ist so gewählt, daß die durch den Motor 11 angetriebene Leimauftragswalze 5 eine mittlere Übergeschwindigkeit zur Buchblocktransportkette 2 aufweist.At 60 cycles / min. a maximum setpoint voltage of 10 V goes into the frequency converter 10. Through the preselected characteristics can the motor 11 for the gluing unit with a maximum of 80 Hz or operated at a maximum of 60 Hz. The characteristic curve for the parameter set a is chosen so that the driven by the motor 11 Glue application roller 5 a medium overspeed Book block transport chain 2 has.

Der Parametersatz a wird in einem Maschinendrehwinkel von 50-180° gefahren, was einem Bereich von ca. 10-20 mm vor der Vorderkante des Buchblocks 1 bezogen auf das Größtformat eines Buchblocks bis ca. 40-50 mm vor der Hinterkante des Buchblocks 1 entspricht.The parameter set a is in a machine rotation angle of 50-180 ° driven, which is an area of about 10-20 mm in front of the front edge of book block 1 based on the largest format of one Book blocks up to approx. 40-50 mm in front of the rear edge of the book block 1 corresponds.

Durch Umschalten von Parametersatz a auf Parametersatz b wird der Motor 11 nur noch mit maximal 60 Hz betrieben, so daß die Leimauftragswalze 5 dann mit einer mittleren Untergeschwindigkeit zur Buchblocktransportkette 2 läuft.By switching from parameter set a to parameter set b the motor 11 only operated at a maximum of 60 Hz, so that the Glue applicator roller 5 then with a medium underspeed to the book block transport chain 2 runs.

Der Maschinendrehwinkel wird durch einen zweiten Drehgeber 12, der am Hauptgetriebe 13 befestigt ist, bestimmt (360° 1 Takt).The machine rotation angle is determined by a second rotary encoder 12, which is attached to the main gear 13, determines (360 ° 1 Clock).

Durch das Impulssignal wird über eine Speicher-Programm-Steuerung 14 (SPS) vorgegeben, wann der Motor 11 für das Leimwerk mit einer freigewählten, vorgegebenen Frequenz für den Leerlauf (Jog-Wert) betrieben bzw. von dieser vorgegebenen Frequenz auf den Parametersatz a usw. umgeschaltet wird.The pulse signal is via a memory program control 14 (PLC) specified when the motor 11 for the glue unit with a freely chosen, predetermined frequency for the Idle (jog value) operated or from this predetermined frequency is switched to parameter set a etc.

Claims (4)

  1. Device for the mechanical application of adhesive to the back of book blocks, the said device having a conveying arrangement for the book blocks and an adhesive-applying roller which is driven by a motor and which rolls, with its periphery, along the back of the book blocks and, in doing so, applies a film of adhesive, the adhesive-applying roller being driven at an elevated speed and a reduced speed, referred to the speed of the book blocks as the nominal value, characterised in that the book blocks (1) can be fed, with alignment at a rear reference edge (7), in a conveying arrangement (2) to an adhesive-applying roller (5) which is stationary with reference to the height of the book blocks (1) and the speed of which can be controlled via a drive (8-11) in such a way that it is driven at an elevated mean rotational speed for the purpose of applying it to the back of the book blocks (1) and applying the film of adhesive over the height of the said back, and at a reduced mean rotational speed, beginning at a defined distance from the rear reference edge (7), for the purpose of setting down the back of the book blocks (1).
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the adhesive-applying roller (5) can be driven via a frequency-regulated drive (8-11), by means of a switching-over of parameter sets, at an elevated and reduced rotational speed in a defined range of angles of rotation of the machine.
  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the adhesive-applying roller (5) can be driven at an elevated rotational speed, beginning at a defined distance in front of the front edge of the largest format of the book blocks (1).
  4. Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the adhesive-applying roller (5) can be regulated by means of a jogging value (idling).
EP98102604A 1997-04-24 1998-02-16 Device for automatically applying glue to the backs of book blocks Expired - Lifetime EP0873882B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19717192A DE19717192A1 (en) 1997-04-24 1997-04-24 Device for mechanically applying adhesive to the back of book blocks
DE19717192 1997-04-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0873882A1 EP0873882A1 (en) 1998-10-28
EP0873882B1 true EP0873882B1 (en) 2002-06-05

Family

ID=7827527

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98102604A Expired - Lifetime EP0873882B1 (en) 1997-04-24 1998-02-16 Device for automatically applying glue to the backs of book blocks

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5988968A (en)
EP (1) EP0873882B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10297135A (en)
DE (2) DE19717192A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0999074B1 (en) * 1998-11-02 2006-02-01 Grapha-Holding Ag Method for realising printed products
EP1084864B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2003-11-12 Grapha-Holding Ag Gluing device for the application of an adhesive on to the back or bordering areas of a conveyed book block
US7829162B2 (en) 2006-08-29 2010-11-09 international imagining materials, inc Thermal transfer ribbon
JP5078398B2 (en) * 2007-03-16 2012-11-21 デュプロ精工株式会社 Bookbinding equipment
JP5444922B2 (en) * 2009-08-05 2014-03-19 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Bookbinding apparatus and bookbinding system
EP2634008B1 (en) 2012-02-29 2014-07-30 Müller Martini Holding AG Method and apparatus for changing an adhesive application roller
EP2634007B1 (en) 2012-02-29 2014-07-30 Müller Martini Holding AG Method and device for changing an adhesive application roller
US10335824B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2019-07-02 Mueller Martini Holding Ag Glue application roller for use in a gluing assembly equipped with at least one scooping roller
WO2018025464A1 (en) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-08 ホリゾン・インターナショナル株式会社 Bookbinding device
CN111284161B (en) * 2020-01-21 2021-09-17 浙江大祥办公设备有限公司 Efficient cementing method for variable speed control

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE966742C (en) * 1954-03-06 1957-09-05 Prakma Maschinenfabrik G M B H Device for gluing the backs of stapled books or brochures
JPS5117926Y2 (en) * 1971-12-20 1976-05-13
DE3502733C1 (en) * 1985-01-28 1986-02-13 Kolbus GmbH & Co KG, 4993 Rahden Process for the mechanical application of glue to book block spines
US4925354A (en) * 1989-10-10 1990-05-15 Am International Incorporated Apparatus and method for applying adhesive to books
US5154447B1 (en) * 1990-11-27 1993-10-19 C. Tooker John Binding for soft cover books
US5443639A (en) * 1994-11-22 1995-08-22 Am International, Inc. Glue application system for book binding
US5702220A (en) * 1995-04-27 1997-12-30 Combs; Jeff Method and apparatus for elimination of adhesive stringers during perfect binding
CH691253A5 (en) * 1995-09-13 2001-06-15 Grapha Holding Ag Method for testing the integrity of a particular for adhesive binding the book block or book.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59804286D1 (en) 2002-07-11
US5988968A (en) 1999-11-23
JPH10297135A (en) 1998-11-10
EP0873882A1 (en) 1998-10-28
DE19717192A1 (en) 1998-10-29

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