EP0872267B1 - Articulated doll - Google Patents

Abstract

At least a part of the torso (6) comprises several disc-like segments (50) arranged parallel to each other and set spaced behind each other along an elongated flexible connecting element (58). Adjoining segments can be rotated relative to each other a restricted amount about a longitudinal axis (74) of the connecting element. The individual segments can be attached rotatable on the connecting element to rotate about the longitudinal axis and are coupled to each adjoining segment. The individual segments can be pushed loose on the connecting element. The connecting element has a circular cross section and passes through slightly larger dimensioned openings (52) of circular cross-section in the segments.

Description

The invention relates to a movable doll in the form of a human body or torso and especially one for Study of posture-serving model doll with movable Body parts made of wood, plastic or another suitable material.

For studying human postures and as a model three-dimensional template for drawing or design Representations of the human body in art classes, self-study or artistic activities wooden model dolls have been used for a long time, whose arms and legs correspond to the arms and legs of the human body is movable through articulations connected to a doll’s torso and where the there are other joints in the human body, such as on the elbows, between the forearms and the Hands, on the knees and between the lower legs and feet, also have articulated connections. Also the The head of this model doll is by means of an articulated connection movably connected to the upper body so that it is to the side rotated and different angles of inclination in relation to the fuselage can take. The hinge connections usually include a spherical joint element that is spherical against concave curved contact surfaces of the adjacent body parts rests and is pulled against them by tension springs, so that the friction between the contact surfaces an automatic Prevents twisting and ensures that the doll a maintains predetermined posture. The degrees of freedom of the Movements in each joint essentially correspond those of the corresponding joints of the human Body, so that twisting these body parts into unnatural Postures through the construction of the doll in To some extent can be prevented and mobility of the doll's head and limbs to a great extent those of the human body.

However, this does not apply to the doll's torso, which is at the well-known model dolls mostly formed in one piece is. These can therefore not take any postures, at where the trunk, for example, as in discus throwing twisted or as with rhythmic gymnastics exercises is bent to the side or forward or backward.

A movable doll is known from US 41 41 177; at which not only defined arms and legs, but also the trunk different attitudes can be brought in which the doll persists until the adjusted posture by bending arms and / or legs and / or the fuselage is changed. The agility of the Doll is made by chenille wire, i.e. from caterpillar-like with Wire strands equipped as textile fibers, as backbone and as arm and leg supports and by alternating on these wire strands mounted window elements and spacers causes. Such a construction only gives the body shapes very imperfect again. It is therefore replaced by clothing, like a long skirt and the like, covered, which is why she for the purpose of the invention, model dolls for study to use human postures, where too Rotary movements of the fuselage set in every detail and can be studied is completely unsuitable.

The invention has for its object in dolls type mentioned at the outset to improve the mobility of the trunk, so that they are more like those of the trunk of a human body.

This object is achieved by a movable Doll in the form of a human body or torso, especially one used to study postures Model doll with moving body parts. The doll draws is characterized by the fact that at least part of their torso is made of several substantially parallel disk-shaped Segments consisting of spacers in one Distance from each other and one behind the other Elongated flexible connecting element arranged are, the individual segments about a longitudinal axis of the Connecting element rotatably mounted on the connecting element and at least with the adjacent segments are coupled, and with adjacent segments about the longitudinal axis are limited rotatable against each other. This leaves the doll's torso is like a human torso bend forwards, backwards and to both sides and also twist to a limited extent, the flexibility of the Fuselage through the flexible connecting element and through the Spacing between the adjacent segments allows becomes, while a rotation of a shoulder part against one Pelvis part due to the limited mutual rotatability of adjacent segments around the longitudinal axis of the connecting element is made possible.

The individual segments can always be spaced apart rigidly on a rotatable to a limited extent about its longitudinal axis Fastener to be attached to this Way a limited mutual rotational mobility of neighboring Segments around the longitudinal axis of the connecting element to reach. In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the individual segments about the longitudinal axis of the connecting element rotatably on the connecting element arranged and at least with the neighboring Fasteners are coupled to their rotational mobility to limit them. By this arrangement the production is considerably simplified because for assembling individual segments with spacers in between loose on the trained as a separate component Let the connecting element slide on.

The segments are preferably coupled to one another by at least one anti-rotation element, especially preferably by two rotation limiting elements, the simplest of two biegsa-5 parallel to the connecting element men round wires are formed, which are parallel to each other on opposite sides along the connector run, with the upper body upright in alignment Drill holes in the segments and with their ends slidable in mounting holes in the adjacent body parts are used.

In principle, a plastic can be used as the connecting element use deformable round wire. Preferably, the connecting element of at least one helically bent Wire formed, which is reversibly deformable and itself any number of times and without material fatigue or the formation of Ham or hump in different directions across Lets bend longitudinal axis. Through a suitable choice of materials can return the connecting element automatically a selected bending position can be prevented.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the connecting element consists of two helical coiled steel wires, the turns of which alternate coaxially run around the longitudinal axis of the connecting element and under Pressure against each other, the wires being a different, preferably partially complementary profile have to the contact surfaces between the adjacent To enlarge turns of the two wires. at such a construction causes friction on the contact surfaces, that the connecting element after bending maintains its shape and not as a result of elastic restoring forces the steel wires in their original position returns automatically.

The connecting element expediently extends through all of them Segments through and is with its opposite Ends anchored in body parts of the doll, which are beyond of the last segment are arranged, preferably with its lower end in one of the pelvic areas of the human body modeled pelvis part of the doll and with its upper end either in one of the shoulders shoulder part modeled on the human body or in the head of the doll. Enabled in the latter case the connecting element also bends and twists one Neck of the doll, so that no additional in this area Articulated connection is required.

While the disc-shaped segments in model dolls are preferred just like the rest of the doll's body parts Solid wood exist, their peripheral surfaces facing the outside The outline of the human body can follow the segments for other dolls, for example clothed toy dolls or with movable mannequins, also from Plastic and / or with one against their outer Circumferential surfaces adjacent to be provided, which the gap-shaped slits between the segments covered and preferably consists of an elastic material, so that it stretches, for example, when the doll's body is bent or can contract. In this case it is not necessary to massively form the disk-shaped segments, it is enough, the material from which the segments consist of the connecting element and the rotation limiting elements to arrange around and along the outer edges and to connect by bridges.

Fig. 1:

eine Vorderseitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Modellpuppe in aufrecht stehender Haltung;

Fig. 2:

eine Vorderseitenansicht der Modellpuppe in einer zur Seite hin gebogenen Haltung;

Fig. 3:

eine teilweise geschnittene Vorderseitenansicht der Puppe aus Fig. 1;

Fig. 4:

eine teilweise geschnittene Vorderseitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Modellpuppe, bei der sich das von einem schraubenförmig gewundenen Metalldraht gebildete Verbindungselement durch den Hals hindurch bis in den Kopf der Puppe erstreckt;

Fig. 5:

eine vergrößerte Draufsicht von oben auf ein Segment aus dem Rumpf der Puppe;

Fig. 6:

eine Vorderseitenansicht des Segments aus Fig. 5;

Fig. 7:

eine Querschnittsansicht des Segments entlang der Linie 7-7 der Fig. 5;

Fig. 8:

eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht eines Abschnitts eines bevorzugten Verbindungselements, das aus zwei schraubenförmig gewundenen Metalldrähten besteht, deren Windungen über die gesamte Drahtlänge gegeneinander anliegen.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1:

a front view of a model doll according to the invention in an upright position;

Fig. 2:

a front view of the model doll in a bent position to the side;

Fig. 3:

a partially sectioned front view of the doll of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4:

a partially sectioned front view of a model doll according to the invention, in which the connecting element formed by a helically wound metal wire extends through the neck into the head of the doll;

Fig. 5:

an enlarged top plan view of a segment from the torso of the doll;

Fig. 6:

a front view of the segment of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7:

a cross-sectional view of the segment along line 7-7 of FIG. 5;

Fig. 8:

a partially sectioned side view of a portion of a preferred connecting element, which consists of two helically wound metal wires, the turns of which lie against each other over the entire length of the wire.

The model doll 1 shown in the drawing is used for Studied human postures and as a model three-dimensional template for drawing or design Representations of the human body in art classes, self-study or artistic activities. The one mounted on a stand 2, from a rod 4 held model doll 1 shows in a somewhat simplified, stylized Kind of the form of a human body and exists essentially from a fuselage part 6, on which in the area a shoulder part 8 two arms 10 and a head 12, and in the area of a pelvic part 14 two legs 16 articulated are attached.

The arms 10 and legs 16 each consist of several Limbs, an upper arm 18, a forearm 20 and a hand 22 or a thigh 24, a lower leg 26 and a foot 28. Between the fuselage part 6 on the one hand and the Head 12 and arms 10 and legs 16 on the other hand and between two adjacent links 18, 20; 20, 22; 24, 26; 26, 28 of the arms 10 and legs 16 are articulated connections 30 provided, which consists essentially of a spherical joint element 32 exist, the twisting or swiveling the respectively adjacent body parts 6, 12; 6, 18; 6, 24; 18, 20; 20, 22; 24, 26; 26, 28 to each other allows, the mobility, i.e. the number of degrees of freedom the rotating or swiveling movements of one part of the body in relation to the other, with the agility of the corresponding joint of the human body in unison stands.

3 and 4 at the articulated connections 30 between shown the lower legs 26 and the feet 28, that is Joint element 32 on one side with its spherical surface 34 against a spherically curved contact surface 36 at the concave front end of one of the adjacent body parts on. One in a recess inside each of the adjacent body parts arranged tension spring 38 provides for a sufficient contact pressure between the spherical surface 34 and the contact surface 36, whereby the friction between an automatic movement in these two surfaces Joint prevents and ensures that the body parts a maintain posture once taken. For fixing the tension spring 38 is at one end with a bent hook 40 provided, which in a slot 42nd engages in the joint element 32 and on one across the Slot 42 bolts 44 screwed into the joint element 32 is attached. This causes the hinge connection 30 a pivoting movement of the body part relative to the Joint element 30 allowed in the direction of the slot 42, and due to the limited torsion of the tension spring in a certain additional rotational movement in its circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis of the body part.

On the other side of the spherical surface 34, the joint element can 32 rigidly attached to the adjacent part of the body, such as on the articulations 30 between the Upper arms 18 and forearms 20, between the forearms 20 and the hands 22, between the trunk part 6 and the thighs 24, between the thighs 24 and the lower legs 26 and between the lower legs 26 and the feet 28, or the joint element 32 can additionally by be rotatable through its center axis A, such as the hinge elements 32 between the fuselage part 6 and the upper arms 18.

The fuselage part 6 consists essentially of one piece trained shoulder part 8, the one-piece Pelvic part 14, and a plurality of disk-shaped Segments 50, each with three through bores 52, 54, 56 and have a spacing along one elongated flexible connector 58 and of two round wires running parallel to the connecting element 58 60 are arranged, the connecting element 58 and the round wires 60 the through holes 52, 54, 56 of the Enforce segments 50. The segments 50 are in one 1, 3 and 4 posture shown with upright Upper body aligned parallel to each other and are made by Spacers 62 are spaced apart from each other the thickness of the slot-shaped gap between adjacent ones Segments 50 is smaller than the thickness of the segments 50 and is preferably about 1 mm. The spacers 62 are made one washer each, between two adjacent segments 50 pushed onto the connecting element 58 becomes.

The diameter of the through holes 52, 54, 56 in the Segments 50 are each slightly larger than the corresponding ones Diameter of the circular cross section Connecting element 58 or the two round wires 60, so that the segments 50 for assembly one after the other with intermediate joining the spacer 62 on the connecting element 58 and the round wires 60 can be pushed on and after Completion of the doll 1, when bending her body part 6 somewhat compared to the round wires 60 and the connecting element 58 can move.

The shoulder part 8 and the pelvic part 14 and the segments 50 as well as the rest of the body, i.e. the head 12, a Neck 48, arms 10 and legs 16, hands 22 and feet 28 including the joint elements 32 exist, for example made of solid wood. The individual segments 50 are e.g. sawn out of thin wooden plates with a thickness of 3 to 4 mm, whereby they have an oval outline (see Fig. 5), the dimensions of which are approximately congruent to the dimensions of the human body at the point of attachment are. The dimensions of the segments 50 increase from Pelvic part 14 from up to and up to a waist 64 then to the shoulder part 8 again, with each on the pelvic part 14 or adjacent to the shoulder part 8 Segments 50 approximately the same dimensions as a top of the Have pelvic part 14 or an underside of shoulder part 8. The peripheral surfaces 66 of the segments 50 are each Beveled towards the waist to make the transition smoother between adjacent segments 50.

While the slightly larger through hole 52 for the connecting element 58 arranged approximately in the middle of the segments 50 is, the two smaller through holes 54, 56 for the round wires 60 on opposite sides of the Through hole 52 approximately in the middle between this and the narrow sides of the oval segments 50 arranged (Fig. 5).

While the round wires 60 are preferably made of a stainless steel Metal with good ductility, such as Aluminum or copper, are made, the connecting element sets 58 composed of two steel wires 70, 72 (Fig. 8) that are concentric at different radial distances screw about a longitudinal axis 74, the turns each of the two wires 70, 72 each in the spaces between two turns of the other wire 72, 70 are arranged and lie flat against them. While the inner wire 70 is formed as a round wire and one has a circular cross section, the cross section of the outer wire 72 selected so that the connecting element 58th each between the two adjacent turns of the inner one Wire 70 has a cylindrical outer surface 68. Moreover is the outer wire 72 in the area of its contact surfaces 76 on the adjacent turns of the round wire 70 each with one complementary to a peripheral surface segment of the round wire concave fillet provided around the contact surfaces 76 between the two wires 70, 72 to enlarge. In the manufacture of the connecting element 58, the two helically wound wires 70, 72 before joining pulled apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis 74 and stretched so that after assembling and relaxing are pressed against each other at the contact surfaces 76. This construction is relatively good Flexibility of the connector 58 without the need plastic deformation guaranteed, on the other represents the friction between the contact surfaces pressed against each other 76 sure that the connecting element 58 a Maintains the shape into which it has been bent. by virtue of its good flexibility and ability to transfer Large torques become such helically wound Double wires 70, 72 in mechanical engineering as flexible shafts between a rotary drive and a moving tool used.

Both the connecting element 58 and the two round wires 60 extend over the top or bottom Segment 50 into the shoulder part 8 or in the pelvic part 14, in which the rod 4 is also anchored, the End faces of the round wires 60 loose in receiving holes 78 in Shoulder part 8 and in the pelvic part 14 are introduced, the Diameter corresponds to that of the through holes 54, 56. In contrast are the lower and the upper front end of the connecting element 58 with the aid of retaining screws 80 anchored, namely the lower front end in the pelvic part 14 and the upper front end either in the shoulder part 8, as in Fig. 3 shown, or in the head 12, as shown in Fig. 4. The corresponding front end of the connecting element 58 each extends into a blind hole 82 a corresponding diameter formed receiving opening in the body part 12 or 8 or 14. In the bottom of the blind hole 82 opens into a coaxial to the blind hole 82 Hole 84 with a smaller diameter, which is the blind hole 82 each with a further coaxial blind hole 86 on the opposite side of the pelvis 14, the shoulder part 8 or the head 12 connects, from where the retaining screw 80 through a on the bottom of the Blind hole 86 arranged washer 88 and the Bore 84 through the open end of the connector 58 is screwed in. The pitch of theirs Tip slightly tapered retaining screw 80 with cutting thread corresponds approximately to the pitch of the turns of the connecting element 58 so that the retaining screw is well anchored 80 is guaranteed. The retaining screws 80 serve at the same time, the pelvic part 14 and the shoulder part contract to segments 50 and spacers 62 after installation in close contact bring. Alternatively, the front ends of the connecting element 58 but also by gluing or otherwise in Drilling of the body parts adjacent to the segments 50 8, 14 are attached.

Enforced in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 the connecting element 58 has a bore 92 in between the head 12 and the shoulder part 8 arranged spherical Neck part 48 of doll 1, so that in addition to a limited Rotation of the head 12 due to the flexibility of the Connecting element 58 and because of the spherical contact surfaces 36 between the neck portion 48 and the head 12 or Shoulder part 8 also inclines the head 12 in all directions is made possible. The blind hole 86 in the head 12 is closed here by a glued-in wooden plug 90.

Due to the circular cross section of the through holes 52 in the segments 50 and the circular cross section of the connecting element 58 are the segments 50 around the Longitudinal axis 74 of the connecting element 58 is rotatable, however those running through the segments 50 and the Segments 50 coupling round wires 60 with each other the rotational mobility limit to a value that is essentially corresponds to the corresponding rotational mobility in humans.

Due to the flexibility of the connecting element 58 and the distances between the individual segments 50, the fuselage part 6 of the doll 1 from his posture with an upright torso (Fig. 1) out forwards, backwards as well as each of the two sides (see FIG. 2) are bent, whereby the round wires 60 to compensate for the shortening or Expansion of the two sides of the fuselage in the through openings 54, 56 and the mounting holes 78 a little. The Flexibility can be selected by a suitable choice Flexibility of the connecting element 58 and / or by a corresponding choice of the distances between the segments 50, i.e. by correspondingly thick spacers 62 to that of the human torso. To be a different one Flexibility of the human torso forward or to reproduce the rear, the through hole 52 can the middle of the segments 50 out a little towards the back Broad side of the segments 50 can be moved (not ) Shown.

Claims (20)

1. Movable doll in the form of a human body or torso, particularly a doll model, which serves for the study of body postures, with movable body parts, in which at least a part of its trunk consists of several substantially mutually parallel discoid segments which are kept at a mutual spacing by spacers and are arranged one after the other along an elongate flexible connecting element, wherein the individual segments are mounted on the connecting element to be rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the connecting element, characterised in that the individual segments (50) are coupled at least with the respectively adjacent segments (50), wherein adjacent segments (50) are rotatable relative to one another to limited extent about the longitudinal axis (74).
2. Movable doll according to claim 1, characterised in that the connecting element (58) is formed by at least one helically bent, reversibly deformable wire.
3. Movable doll according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the connecting element (58) is formed from two, helically coiled wires (70, 72), the coils of which are arranged alternately and coaxially with the longitudinal axis (74) of the connecting element (58).
4. Movable doll according to claim 3, characterised in that the coils of the two wires (70, 72) of the connecting element (58) bear against one another under pressure.
5. Movable doll according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the two wires (70, 72) have support surfaces (76) of complementary shape.
6. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the connecting element (58) is anchored by its opposite ends in body parts (8, 12; 14) of the doll (1), which are arranged on either side of the respective last segment (50).
7. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the coupling of respective adjacent segments (50) is effected by at least one rotation-limiting element (60), which prevents rotation of adjacent segments (50) with respect to one another about an axis of rotation, which is formed by a longitudinal axis (74) of the connecting element (58), beyond a predetermined limit value.
8. Movable doll according to claim 7, characterised in that the rotation-limiting element (60) comprises at least one elongate flexible wire which extends parallelly to the connecting element (58) through the segments (50) up to adjoining body parts (8, 14) of the doll (1).
9. Movable doll according to claim 8, characterised in that the rotation-limiting element (60) is formed as a round wire and passes slidably through passage bores (54, 56) in the segments (50).
10. Movable doll according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the rotation-limiting element (60) is fastened to be longitudinally slidable in at least one of the adjoining body parts (8, 14) of the doll (1).
11. Movable doll according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterised in that a respective wire is arranged, at a spacing from the connecting element (58), on each of two opposite sides of the connecting element (58) as the rotation limiting element (60).
12. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the connecting element (58) extends through a part of the doll (1) which corresponds with a part of the human body through which the spinal column runs.
13. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the segments (50) are arranged along a part of the trunk (6) of the doll (1).
14. Movable doll according to claim 13, characterised in that the segments (50) are arranged along a part of the trunk (6) between a shoulder part (8) and a pelvic part (14).
15. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the segments (50) each have an outer profile which corresponds with a cross-sectional profile of the human body or torso at an associated position.
16. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that an upper part of the connecting element (58) is anchored in a shoulder part (8) of the doll (1).
17. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that an upper end of the connecting element (58) is anchored in the head (12) of doll (1) and enables a bending over of the neck of the doll (1).
18. Movable doll according to claim 17, characterised in that the connecting element (58) penetrates, in the region of the doll neck, a neck part (48) which has at least one convexly or concavely curved surface (34), which is disposed opposite a substantially complementary concavely or convexly curved surface in the head (12) and/or in a shoulder part (8).
19. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that a lower end of the connecting element (58) is anchored in a pelvic part (14) of the doll (1).
20. Movable doll according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the connecting element (58) is anchored at its opposite ends by retaining screws (80), which are each screwed through a bore in the body part (8, 12; 14), which serves for the anchoring, into an axial longitudinal channel of the connecting element (58).

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