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EP0724029B1 - Fils à partir de masses en fusion utilisant jets de gaz froid - Google Patents

Fils à partir de masses en fusion utilisant jets de gaz froid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0724029B1
EP0724029B1 EP19960250016 EP96250016A EP0724029B1 EP 0724029 B1 EP0724029 B1 EP 0724029B1 EP 19960250016 EP19960250016 EP 19960250016 EP 96250016 A EP96250016 A EP 96250016A EP 0724029 B1 EP0724029 B1 EP 0724029B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
melt
gas
threads
air
orifices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960250016
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0724029A1 (fr
Inventor
Lüder Dr.-Ing. Gerking
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/025—Melt-blowing or solution-blowing dies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for making threads finite and endless Length from thread-forming melts, preferably from Polymers, mainly with the help of gas jets Air jets.
  • meltblown have been created to be as thin as possible Threads, also of finite length, i.e. with demolitions to produce, for which a higher air temperature the necessary Heat supply for warping as fine as possible Diameter there.
  • the object of the invention is a method and therefore to create suitable devices in which these two main disadvantages can be avoided.
  • the Gas preferably air flows are not heated, since they are no longer right next to the melt holes, but just below the outlet openings on the Hit threads. These cold air jets on both sides attack a series of threads, accelerate increasing until the thread reaches its final diameter has reached. It has then cooled so far that he can no longer be forgiven.
  • melt outlet holes can also do more than just a series of melt outlet holes be arranged, for example two or three, which increases the throughput for a given nozzle length enlarged and the gas jet energy by a higher Good loading can be used better. It requires also no expensive injection molds, just normal ones Spinnerets and less technically demanding Parts for the gas flow.
  • the speed of these air flows is, apart from that from a range of a few mm directly below of the melt outlet, greater than the thread speed. They accelerate steadily to a Laval nozzle towards their narrowest cross section the speed of sound can be achieved.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore between the known spunbond process with deduction below solidified thread and the meltblown process with hot air streams from the spinneret. Such a process has not yet become known.
  • the present invention is intended to be as fine as possible Threads from thread-forming, i.e. higher viscosity melts getting produced. Unlike metal melts, it predominates here the influence of the viscosity of the surface tension. This leads to threads and not to powders. Exclusively the production of threads finite or are endless length with the inventive method and its characteristic devices.
  • melt-spinnable polymers such as polyamides, Polyester, polystyrene, polyurethane, polypropylene and other melt-spinnable, convertible into synthetic fibers
  • polymers are not important, threads certain thickness and in special cases like filters, fine capillary nonwovens, textiles with a soft feel, for example, to produce particularly fine threads, but in many cases, these should also be the highest possible Strength with low elongation and certain, mostly minimum shrinkage, which is important for the later Is after-treatment.
  • This is a molecular one Orientation during the transition from the melt the basic requirement for the thread. This will accomplished in the present case mainly by acting of shear forces on the molten monofilament. Gravity in general and tensile forces froze Help thread section.
  • the present invention fulfills the prerequisite for rapid stretching to the final diameter the basically short stretching length between Melt outlet nozzle and Laval nozzle.
  • the present invention fulfills the prerequisite for rapid stretching to the final diameter the basically short stretching length between Melt outlet nozzle and Laval nozzle.
  • Polymer threads have the advantage of saving energy the high thread quality. Compared to other known method for spinning threads the melt comes with the help of aerodynamic forces added that the devices for realizing the the inventive method are simpler.
  • the device for the present method for producing threads and fibers with cold blowing streams consists of a longitudinal nozzle from which the melt emerges from openings in one or more rows. Below the longitudinal nozzle there is a gap of a few mm in width, the contour of which has the convergent-divergent shape of a Laval nozzle and which extends over the entire length of the row of spinning bores. With appropriate pressure ratios, the speed of sound can be generated in the narrowest part of the gap and even the supersonic speed in the expanded part.
  • the part below referred to as the blowing nozzle below the spinneret can be designed as a Laval nozzle with a convergent-divergent flow cross-section. With a corresponding pressure ratio p 1 / p 0 greater than about 1.9, supersonic is created behind it by jet expansion to the ambient pressure. In the case of a non-expanded blow nozzle, the so-called Borda mouth, there is at most sound velocity at the outlet.
  • Fig. 1 is a spinning device 1 as it is usual for polymer melts is used over a Blow nozzle 2 shown.
  • the melt comes from a Dosing device, not shown, for example a Gear pump, through an opening 3 in the spinning device and is distributed across the width via a longitudinal channel 4 the nozzle.
  • Via known filter 5 for filtering out of foreign bodies and for the purpose of forming resistance uniform melt distribution over the nozzle length the melt passes through the pilot holes 6 Nozzle to the melt openings 7 in the nozzle plate 8.
  • This is in a nozzle screw connection consisting of several parts 9 summarized with the aforementioned parts and placed in a heated box 10 from which they exchange for by breaking up the connection can be removed with the melt line at 3.
  • the air flow is preferably laminar to keep calm Distortion without turbulent fluctuations in the threads 25 to allow.
  • a laminar flow allows a narrower one Gap at 12 and thus a lower bet of gas (air) amount.
  • a laminar flow in the area of warpage the thread is also for energy saving reasons advantageous.
  • room 15 there is a higher pressure p 1 than below in the room labeled 16.
  • the space 16 can be under ambient pressure p 0 or, if the threads are to be collected into a fleece or the threads are to be transported further, they can also have a pressure above the environment. If air as the flowing medium in room 15 is at least 1.9 times the pressure in room 16, the narrowest point is 12 at the speed of sound.
  • melt-spinnable mass temperatures are set slightly above the melting point.
  • the Temperature can be increased significantly above the melting point, what with higher viscosity polymers like polypropylene anyway is necessary, one is sufficient for polyester and polyamides less overheating above the melting point.
  • the wide the gap 12 is chosen so narrow that just striking and thus clogging and accumulation of the fibrous material in the blow nozzle 2 is prevented.
  • the melt and its width plates 13a and 13b which are the lower ones Form the end of the pressure chamber 15, movable over pivot points 18 and Gleitöffnugnen 19 adjustable, these Type of adjustment only one way from others should represent.
  • the pressure chamber is through at the front Plates 20 closed.
  • the seal with the plates 13a and 13b can be metallic over flat surfaces and pressing together; also sealing elements in the plates 13a and 13b are possible in a known manner.
  • the tension between these and the plates of the The end wall is used for piecing and adjusting the gap 12 easily solved.
  • FIG. 2 is a similar device consisting of Spinning device 21 and blowing nozzle 22 shown.
  • the Air flows 23a and 23b also occur from the outset component directed below from the side from above Nozzle outlet bores 24 on the threads 25.
  • the heating through a heat transfer medium located in chambers 26 27, vapor or liquid type brought as close as possible to the spinneret plate 28, to cool them down by the air flow in this Area still has low speed.
  • this is exemplary Hang the spinneret in and out from above.
  • Fig. 3 it is indicated that an electrical, flat bar-shaped Heater 29 for supplying heat to the spinneret ensures and counteracts the cooling of the air flows.
  • Insulating plates 30 can be as here and in Fig. 1 shown act in the same sense. With the help of this side heaters can melt just before their Discharge to be overheated to produce finer threads to obtain. Because of the short exposure time of the higher Temperature can minimize the damage to the polymer and a drop in the mechanical quality values the thread remains small or is not detectable at all.
  • the air required for spinning the melt is fed to the atmosphere or the pressure p 2 in the space 16 of the blowpinning device at pressures of about 0.5 to about 3 bar above the pressure p 0 . If there is a negative pressure in room 16, for example if a thread deposit is connected to a fleece, the pressure in room 15 can be lower and it can still be achieved at 12 sonic speeds if the critical pressure ratio 1.9 is reached or exceeded in air .
  • Threads with an air pressure in the feed of 2.5 bar above Threads with a fineness of 1.1 den, corresponding to 11 ⁇ , and a strength of 2.7 g / den, elongation of 71%, cooking shrinkage 9% - each Average values from 10 measurements.
  • the throughput was 0.9 up to 1 g / min.
  • the temperature of the melt was 285 ° C, the pressure of the compressed air 1.8 bar above atmosphere and the throughput 0.75g / min per hole.
  • the Laval nozzle had a rectangular cross-section with a width of 3 mm at the narrowest point. Your distance from the Melt outlet openings were approximately 25 mm. It turned out silky threads with mean values of 0.76 den, 1.60 g / den strength, 272% elongation, 35% cooking shrink.
  • the threads were on one below the device moving sieve belt caught where it becomes about a 5 cm wide fleece were deposited.
  • the present invention is applicable to all substances which transform into threads in the melted state to let.
  • the distortion of the melt monofilament is said to be the case with polymers quickly and under the influence of tensile and shear stresses happen to have the highest possible molecular To get orientation and thus the quality of the threads.
  • the production of polymer threads and nonwovens thereon is a preferred one Application of the method according to the invention without it is limited to that.
  • the facility extends to the production of nonwovens consisting of spinneret and blowing part over a certain length, which is the width of the fleece produced pretends.
  • the threads - endless, sometimes endless or predominant finite length - are on a catchment belt filed, to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Spinneret with blowing part at a certain angle, mostly is below 90 °.
  • the thread deposit can happen by opening an open one between the Laval blowing nozzle and the safety belt Space exists. But it can also be used in spunbond technology known laying methods for swinging back and forth of the thread sheet emerging from the Laval nozzle become.
  • the suction process in which the laying part separated from the environment and vacuumed under the belt can be applied by the space below the Lavalblasdüse in a known manner up to the collecting belt is closed and the laid to a fleece Thread this closed laying space over sealing Leaves with the belt.
  • Fleeces of endless Threads referred to as spunbonded nonwovens, when made directly of the spinneret can be a preferred one Field of application of the present invention.
  • the threads should be in all Directions should be distributed as evenly as possible to be isotropic To obtain materials. According to the statistical Character of the turbulence found in the flow below the Laval blower nozzle is the use of the inventive method and the associated device especially for the production of such products suitable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de fabrication des fils de matière en fusion par un courant de gaz, caractérisé en ce que le courant de gaz atteind brèvement sous les orifices du fusage une vitesse au-dessous de la vitesse des filaments et que le courant de gaz par là est accéléré continuellement, ainsi tirant et rafraíchissant les fils.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il s'agit des fusages de polymères.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le gaz après être comprimé à la pression désirée est directement utilisé à filer la matière en fusion sans que de la chaleur est transférée du ou au gaz.
  4. Procédé selon un des revendications précédents caractérisé en ce que le gaz courant est de l'air.
  5. Procédé selon un des revendications précédents caractérisé en ce que le courant de gaz atteind la vitesse sonique, ou même supersonique, dans la région ou les fils solidifient.
  6. Dispositif pour exécuter la procédure selon revendication 1 ou une des précédentes composé d'une filature par laquelle la matière en fusion sort d'une ou plusieurs rangées parallèles d'orifices et du gaz, de préférence de l'air, entre latéralement des rangées d'orifices dans l'espace au-dessous de la filature et le quite par une ouverture, positionnée sous la ligne centrale des rangées d'orifices, caractérisé en ce que la section droite de l'ouverture est beaucoup plus petite que les sections droites d'entrée du gaz, afin d'obtenir un courant continuellement accéléré du lieu ou le gaz touche les fils jusqu'à l'ouverture.
  7. Dispositif selon revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture est formée en direction de courant de manière convergent/divergent comme une buse de Laval.
  8. Dispositif selon revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la filature est isolée en bas pour diminuer des pertes de chaleur ou est chauffée d'en bas.
EP19960250016 1995-01-28 1996-01-24 Fils à partir de masses en fusion utilisant jets de gaz froid Expired - Lifetime EP0724029B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19502655 1995-01-28
DE19502655 1995-01-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0724029A1 EP0724029A1 (fr) 1996-07-31
EP0724029B1 true EP0724029B1 (fr) 2001-09-05

Family

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EP19960250016 Expired - Lifetime EP0724029B1 (fr) 1995-01-28 1996-01-24 Fils à partir de masses en fusion utilisant jets de gaz froid

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EP (1) EP0724029B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19607114A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10240191A1 (de) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-25 Corovin Gmbh Spinnvlies aus endlosen Fasern

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19929709C2 (de) 1999-06-24 2001-07-12 Lueder Gerking Verfahren zur Herstellung von im Wesentlichen endlosen feinen Fäden und Verwendung der Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE10340606B4 (de) * 2003-08-29 2005-10-06 Gerking, Lüder, Dr.-Ing. Vorrichtung zum Verdüsen eines Schmelzestrahls und Verfahren zum Verdüsen von hochschmelzenden Metallen und Keramikschmelzen
WO2006037371A1 (fr) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-13 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede de fusion-soufflage destine au filage par fusion de fines fibres de non-tisses et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procede
DE102006012052A1 (de) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Lüder GERKING Spinnvorrichtung zur Erzeugung feiner Fäden durch Spleißen
CN113502549B (zh) * 2021-05-28 2022-10-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种熔喷纺丝组件
CN118166436B (zh) * 2024-05-15 2024-07-02 华美时尚集团有限公司 保湿抑菌芦荟纤维面料制备的旋风气流辅助纺丝装置、工艺

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL77938C (fr) * 1947-04-28
DE1190135B (de) * 1961-01-07 1965-04-01 Gruenzweig & Hartmann A G Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fasern aus schmelzbaren Stoffen
DE1660489A1 (de) * 1966-12-17 1971-04-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Endlosfaeden hoher Festigkeit aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
DE3305810A1 (de) * 1983-02-19 1984-08-23 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Duesenziehverfahren und ziehduese zur zerteilung von schmelzen
DE3311343C2 (de) * 1983-03-29 1987-04-23 Alfred Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Dr.-Ing. 7830 Emmendingen Walz Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinen Metallpulvern sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE3533964C1 (de) * 1985-09-24 1987-01-15 Alfred Prof Dipl-Ing Dr-I Walz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Feinstpulver in Kugelform
DE3736418A1 (de) * 1987-04-25 1988-11-10 Reifenhaeuser Masch Verfahren und anlage zum betrieb einer spinnvliesanlage fuer die herstellung eines spinnvlieses aus synthetischen endlosfilamenten
DE3810596A1 (de) * 1988-03-29 1989-10-12 Bayer Ag Feinstfasern aus polyphenylsulfid
DE4040242A1 (de) * 1990-12-15 1992-06-17 Peter Roger Dipl Ing Nyssen Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von feinstfasern aus thermoplastischen polymeren
DE4312419C2 (de) * 1993-04-16 1996-02-22 Reifenhaeuser Masch Anlage für die Herstellung einer Spinnvliesbahn aus aerodynamischen verstreckten Filamenten aus Kunststoff

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10240191A1 (de) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-25 Corovin Gmbh Spinnvlies aus endlosen Fasern
DE10240191B4 (de) * 2002-08-28 2004-12-23 Corovin Gmbh Spinnvlies aus endlosen Filamenten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0724029A1 (fr) 1996-07-31
DE19607114A1 (de) 1996-12-05

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