EP0799939A2 - Drainage-, sealing-, and/or thermal insulating panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The drainage channels on the plate are covered with a fluid-permeable and particle-blocking material. The cross-sectional form of the drainage channels (5), together with their arrangement over their longitudinal axis, as well as their arrangement and positioning in relation to one another and to the plate (1), can accommodate relative movement. The arrangement in the union with the building outer wall may act as a heat-insulation, sealing and drainage layer. There is a direct communication between the drainage channels of adjacent plates for the purpose of unhindered fluid discharge. The drainage channels are open at least at one end. They have at least one inlet aperture on their cover surface for accommodation of the fluid being discharged.

Description

The invention relates to a drainage, sealing and / or thermal insulation board according to the preamble of the main claim or the secondary claim.

It is common to provide buildings with external insulation. A different insulation material is used for the above-ground area, as is the case in zones in contact with the ground. The area in contact with the earth is conventionally referred to as the so-called perimeter area. Here, not only are heat-insulating tasks to be performed by the insulating material, but there must also be a drainage of the water present.

This perimeter insulation is becoming increasingly important in the use of basements. Depending on the building regulations currently in force, hobby rooms, play basements, fitness corners, etc. can be identified as living rooms or rooms used in a similar manner in the basement. The insulation of building parts in contact with the earth increases the value of a building and is an extremely economical investment, since uninsulated, parts in contact with the earth give up a large proportion of the total heating energy. According to the Heat Protection Ordinance (WSVO), the outer walls of heated basements must be insulated. This also applies to rarely heated cellars, such as hobby rooms. The K value may not exceed 0.35 W / qm x K. This refers to the simplified verification procedure and applies to small residential buildings with up to 2 full floors and no more than 3 residential units.

An insulating plate is known from EP 0 127 824, which is intended to serve both for thermal insulation and for water drainage. The plate has a plurality of open drainage channels on a plate surface. These drainage channels extend from the first edge to the opposite second edge, the channels being open on both edges of the plate. To correspondence the drainage channels from a plate to To ensure another plate, a connecting channel is arranged on each side surface, which extends along the first and second plate edge and is in communication with each drainage channel and extends perpendicular to these. Each of the connecting channels is offset in the direction of the plate thickness relative to the drainage channels and a plurality of openings are provided in a side wall as a passage to each drainage channel. Here, the drainage channels on the plate surface are covered with a web-shaped material so that the drainage channels are protected against the ingress of particles.

A blatant disadvantage of the known plates from the prior art is that after a short operating time, i.e. After a few weeks after the plates have been installed, there is no longer any satisfactory drainage.

In particular, a plate according to EP 0 127 824 has considerable disadvantages. In practice it has been shown that the filter fleece does not have an absolutely particle-blocking effect. Sludge that penetrates the fleece can accumulate inside, i.e. place behind the filter fleece. Especially in the horizontal connecting channel, this sludge cannot be removed and clogs up over time, so that the drainage effect is completely lost here. The repeated diversion of the water supply also contributes to this, deposits always accumulating at the diversion points.

Another disadvantage of the plates from the recorded prior art is that the grooves or depressions for the purpose of drainage are subsequently produced, i.e. by material-removing processing, since shaping is theoretically possible during the extrusion foaming, but this is possible requires an enormous effort in the calibration, making the production uneconomical. This results in a rough, in part moisture absorbing surface, which has an unfavorable coefficient of friction and in which the deposition affinity for particles is increased.

The invention is based on the further finding that in the currently commercially available plates, the fleece covering the drainage channels is pressed into the channels by the earth pressure and blocks them or at least reduces them in the discharge cross-section, so that the drainage effect is also lost as a result.

Another disadvantage of these plates described is that the plate offset was not taken into account with regard to the plate thickness. Even a slight protrusion of the upper plate from the lower plate means that the drainage channels no longer communicate with the transverse channel and the drainage effect is also lost here.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a combined heat insulation, sealing and drainage plate by means of which a closed heat insulation, sealing and drainage layer can be formed, with each displacement of the plates communication of the drainage channels from one plate to another Plate is present.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a drainage, sealing and heat insulating plate with the features of claim 1.

Furthermore, the invention has for its object to be used without heat insulation property for the discharge of landfill water, whereby an approximately vertical installation of the plate is also sought.

This object is achieved by a drainage and sealing plate with the features of claim 2.

Particularly preferred developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

The thermal insulation, sealing and drainage plate according to the invention is attached to the outer wall of walls in contact with the ground. These plates have drainage channels on their side away from the wall, which are covered by a water-permeable material that acts as a particle barrier

According to the present invention, the drainage channels have both a cross-sectional shape and a course along the longitudinal axis of the channel, which, in addition to their arrangement and positioning relative to one another, is selected such that when arranged in a composite on the outer wall of the building as a closed heat, sealing and drainage layer, for the purpose of unimpeded liquid drainage, there is direct communication between the drainage channels of adjacent plates. Thus, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to pay attention to how the plates are staggered on the outside of the wall, since there is communication of the drainage channels at every position of each plate. This embodiment of the present invention is designed for use on buildings. However, the same plate can also be used, for example, to drain leachate from landfills, with only drainage and sealing tasks to be performed. The thermal insulation properties can of course then be neglected.

The drainage channels themselves are formed by grooves formed in the plate surface on the side remote from the wall, which in the course of the shaping process does not require subsequent machining to remove material are incorporated. The channels are open at at least one end. It is important that they are provided on their outer surface with at least one inlet opening for receiving the liquid to be discharged. This inlet opening can be formed by an opening leading into the plate opening to the channel, which extends approximately over the entire length of the channel, or by perforations. It is possible to work the perforation into the plate body or to place it on a plate with open drainage channels as a separate layer.

The entire drainage plate is created from a rot-proof, expandable particle foam, the final plate shape of which is formed in the course of the shaping process in a corresponding device. The base material of the plates consists of a pre-expanded expandable particle material which, in a form which forms a spatial seal against the environment and is resistant to the resulting expansion pressure, is exposed to a medium introduced into the mold and causing expansion, in such a way that results in a uniformly closed and compacted surface on all sides.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention it is provided that the channel width of the drainage channels is greater than the width of the separating webs remaining between the drainage channels. However, it is also possible to leave this ratio and to provide the drainage channels with widenings at their marginal outlets, where they correspond to the adjacent plates. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, these widenings are funnel-shaped. In this case, the drainage channels are preferably aligned vertically with respect to the mounting position. It exists but also the possibility of arranging the drainage channels diagonally, crossing each other, either using the groove / land ratio as suggested again, or widening is also provided here at the outlets.

The diagonally arranged drainage channels are delimited by essentially square dividers.

In the case of diagonally arranged drainage channels, profiles are arranged along the circumference of the plates, which correspond to the shape of the corner regions of the square separating webs in a region directed towards the center of the plate. On the circumference of the plates, the profiles form base edges parallel to the circumference of the plate.

The surface of the profiles on the circumference of the plates is preferably slightly less than half the surface of the square dividers.

Another measure according to the invention provides for the drainage channels to be made relatively narrow on the plate surface on the side of the wall remote from the wall surface for the purpose of forming a sufficient contact surface for the water-permeable and particle-blocking cover material, and to provide widenings which correspond to the plate core and correspond to the drainage correspondence. The drainage plates, which are made of foamed plastic, as shown, are rot-proof.

A filter fleece known per se is used as the liquid-permeable and particle-blocking material, which is applied and connected to the plate body in the course of the shaping process with or without an adhesion promoter by thermal fusion, so that the drainage plate is designed as a composite plate.

Instead of using a filter fleece, there is also the possibility that the liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material is provided as a foam plate, which has a relatively large space between the foam balls, a so-called large gusset volume.

According to the invention, it is also possible to replace the filter fleece with a grid which is itself of an inherently rigid shape. If such an inherently rigid property is not available, it is possible to arrange an inherently rigid material layer between the filter fleece or the particle-blocking material used in each case and the plate body, which of course must also be of a liquid-permeable and particle-blocking type, and is preferably porous in shape.

In order to give the panel assembly a positive fit, which absorbs forces from the soil to the wall or from the wall into the soil, the drainage panels according to the invention are equipped with a tongue and groove connection system on the edge.

According to the invention, a step rebate formation is provided for adaptation in the panel assembly, which is formed, for example, from the side remote from the wall with an incline against the panel core, at the end of the incline at approximately the middle of the panel a vertically extending shoulder merges into a second incline that runs against the wall.

According to the invention, the plate is provided on the back with an additional sealing layer. This can be arranged over the entire surface or only at the edges, in such a way that the sealing layer extends on the edge side, overlapping in the composite, in such a way that all butt joints that form are backed with additional sealing material.

The present invention provides an insulation board which, as a combination, combines the function of thermal insulation, sealing and drainage and is preferably used in the area of components in contact with the ground. According to the present invention, the proposed system can also be used in the area of landfills and the like, in which leachate is to be collected in the vertical area.

The plate is created as a one-piece structure and can be produced without machining. The special shape and arrangement of the drainage grooves on the top of the plate and a particularly dense edge design ensure that drainage plates arranged one above the other can be laterally offset from one another, and the drainage channels that drain the water downwards still communicate with each other, i.e. communicate and the water can flow freely on the top of the plate. To drain large quantities of liquid, it is necessary to increase the groove width and thus the available free filter area for a given filter permeability. The width of the groove is limited by the prevailing earth pressure of the material in front of the filter surface, which increases with increasing installation depth (up to 40 KN per sqm and more) and the traffic loads that occur in the immediate vicinity. Due to both stresses, earth pressure and traffic loads, the dividers are compressed and the drainage cross-section is permanently reduced. This would reduce the drainage capacity. According to the invention, these disadvantages have been effectively countered.

Furthermore, both strains could cause the present filter fleece if the groove width is too large (separator spacing) press into the grooves so that the drainage cross-section and thus the drainage capacity are reduced. This has a narrow groove width of about 2 - 20 mm without additional filter support and also a sufficient groove depth from P = 3 mm to T = 0.6 x plate thickness, a sufficient separator web width or filter support area to reduce compressive stresses and thus separator web compressions, at relative large groove widths filter material with high strength or rigidity, or in the case of relatively large groove widths between the drainage plate and filter, a thin, inherently rigid and additionally water-permeable material for supporting the filter material.

For the perimeter plates according to the invention as well as for the plates that can be used in the landfill area, a "styrofoam rigid foam" of the application type WS and WD according to DIN 18164 part 1 has been selected. In terms of building physics, perimeter insulation has great advantages over internal insulation. Vapor barrier measures are not necessary. Thermal bridges can be largely avoided. The seal is effectively protected and it is easy to apply in the shell construction phase.

Figur 1

ein Einsatzbeispiel für erdberührte Gebäudeteile,

Figur 2

ein Einsatzbeispiel für Deponiedrainage und Dichtung,

Figur 3

eine Frontansicht auf einen Plattenkörper in einer ersten Ausführungsvariante,

Figur 4

einen Schnitt entlang der in Figur 3 angedeuteten Linie B-B,

Figur 5

eine Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Platte aus der in Figur 3 angedeuteten Richtung D,

Figur 6 u. 7

das in Figur 4 mit C gekennzeichnete Detail in einer Vergrößerung, wobei die Figur 7 eine Variante der Kantenausbildung gegenüber der Darstellung nach Figur 6 zeigt,

Figur 8

zeigt eine Vergrößerung des in Figur 3 mit A gekennzeichneten Details,

Figur 9

zeigt eine Variante zur Darstellung gemäß Figur 8,

Figur 10

zwei versetzt zueinander angeordnete Platten,

Figur 11

eine Variante der Drainagenutenausbildung, wobei die Platte aus einer Ansicht analog zur Darstellung gemäß Figur 5 abgebildet ist,

Figur 12

eine Vergrößerung der Figur 11, wobei zwei versetzt aufeinanderstoßende Platten dargestellt sind,

Figur 13

eine Variante der vorliegenden Platte in einer Frontansicht, bei der die Nutbreite größer gewählt ist als die Stegbreite,

Figur 14

zwei versetzt aufeinandergestoßene Platten nach Figur 13,

Figur 15

eine Platte nach Figur 11 aus der in Figur 13 angedeuteten Richtung E mit Abdeckvlies,

Figur 16

eine Ansicht einer Variante der Platte mit diagonal sich überkreuzenden Drainagenuten,

Figur 17

ein Stoß zweier Platten gemäß Figur 16,

Figur 18

ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt einer Platte gemäß Fig. 16,

Figur 19

ein Plattenverbund,

Figur 20

die Randverbindung zweier Platten im Schnitt mittels einem Stufenfalz,

Figur 21

die Randverbindung zweier Platten mit Nut- und Federsystem,

Figur 22

eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsvariante eines Stufenfalzes,

Figur 23

eine Draufsicht auf eine perforierte Platte,

Figur 24

die Platte nach Figur 23 im Schnitt

Figur 25

eine Variante zur Darstellung nach Figur 24.

The accompanying drawings, which show particularly preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention, will now be used to describe it in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1

an application example for parts of the building that come into contact with the ground,

Figure 2

an application example for landfill drainage and sealing,

Figure 3

2 shows a front view of a plate body in a first embodiment variant,

Figure 4

4 shows a section along the line BB indicated in FIG. 3,

Figure 5

3 shows a view of the plate according to the invention from the direction D indicated in FIG. 3,

Figure 6 u. 7

the detail marked C in FIG. 4 in an enlargement, FIG. 7 showing a variant of the edge formation compared to the representation according to FIG. 6,

Figure 8

shows an enlargement of the detail marked with A in FIG. 3,

Figure 9

shows a variant of the representation according to FIG. 8,

Figure 10

two staggered plates,

Figure 11

a variant of the drainage groove formation, the plate being shown from a view analogous to the illustration according to FIG. 5,

Figure 12

an enlargement of Figure 11, two offset plates are shown offset,

Figure 13

a variant of the present plate in a front view, in which the groove width is chosen larger than the web width,

Figure 14

two staggered plates according to FIG. 13,

Figure 15

11 a plate according to FIG. 11 from the direction E indicated in FIG. 13 with a covering fleece,

Figure 16

a view of a variant of the plate with diagonally intersecting drainage grooves,

Figure 17

a joint of two plates according to FIG. 16,

Figure 18

16 shows an enlarged section of a plate according to FIG. 16,

Figure 19

a composite panel,

Figure 20

the edge connection of two panels on average using a step fold,

Figure 21

the edge connection of two panels with tongue and groove system,

Figure 22

a particularly preferred embodiment of a step fold,

Figure 23

a top view of a perforated plate,

Figure 24

the plate of Figure 23 in section

Figure 25

a variant for the representation according to FIG. 24.

Figure 1 shows an example of use of the present invention for building parts in contact with the ground. A building outer wall 2, here a basement wall, is, as usual, provided with a primer 11 before a bituminous top coating 19 is applied. In the area of a foundation 20 there is a drain pipe 21. Plates 1 are fastened to the building outer / basement wall 2 in such a way that water or liquid which is discharged through them is supplied to the drain pipe 21. Particle-blocking but liquid-permeable covering material 4 is applied to the plates 1, through which the liquid, filtered from the soil, reaches the drainage channels 5 for discharge.

FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of use of the present invention in the landfill area. Vertically occurring leachate is fed to the drainage, the side of the drainage and sealing plates 1, which each carries the covering material 4, pointing to the landfill 25. The leachate through the drainage plates 1 are then fed to the conventional drainage 26.

Fig. 3: The plate 1 is provided with vertical drainage channels 5 relative to the mounting position. The cross-sectional shape of the drainage channels 5 and their course along the longitudinal channels 6, as well as the arrangement and positioning of the drainage channels 5 to each other and relative to the drainage plate 1 is selected so that when arranged in combination on an outer wall of the building as a closed heat, sealing and drainage layer, for For the purpose of unimpeded water drainage, there is direct communication between the drainage channels 5 of adjacent plates 1. This is important because it was recognized according to the invention that no attention is paid to how the plates 1 sit relative to one another during assembly on the construction site, which is generally also not possible since the drainage channels 5 are covered as such with the particle-blocking fleece . The drainage channels 5 are molded into the plate surface 10 of the side 3 remote from the wall, the drainage channels 5 being spaced apart from one another by separating webs 7 located between them.

According to the variants according to FIGS. 3 to 8, the drainage channels 5 are provided with funnel-shaped widenings 8 at their marginal outlets. These funnel-shaped widenings 8 are formed by chamfering the separating webs 7.

Figure 9: The dividers 7 are not provided with bevels at their outlets, but with curves, so that a trumpet shape is formed here, equivalent to the funnel-shaped widenings.

FIG. 10 shows an enlarged section of the drainage channels 5 with the funnel-shaped widenings at their marginal outlets of two adjoining plates 1.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show variants of the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 to 10, widenings of the drainage channels 5 being offset somewhat to the rear, towards the center of the plate 15, so that there is a wide contact surface for the fleece (not shown here) on the dividers 7 results. When the plates 1 are offset from one another, communicating drainage channels 5, which ensure the drainage of water, always meet.

FIGS. 13 and 14: The drainage channels 5 are designed such that the channel width S of the drainage channels 5 is greater than the width B of the separating webs 7.

Figure 15: Between the cover material 4, z. B. a fleece, and the plate 1, an inherently rigid material layer 22 is arranged.

Figures 16 and 17: Diagonally crossing drainage channels 5 on plate 1 are delimited by essentially square dividers 7. The size, the course and the arrangement of the drainage channels 5 are selected so that funnel-shaped deposits 8 are again formed at the edge-side outlet.

Figure 18: An enlarged section of the plates 1 with diagonally intersecting drainage channels 5 shows the substantially square dividers 7. Corner points of the square dividers 7 are provided with a small radius. The square dividers 7 have an edge bevel 31 along their upper edges. The edge length of the square separating webs 7 is preferably in a ratio of approximately 1: 4 to the width of the drainage channels 5.

Along the circumference of the plate 1, the corner points of the square separating webs 7 have a distance of at least √2 times half the width of the drainage channels 5. In the middle between the square dividers 7, profiles 32 are arranged along the circumference of the plate 1. The profiles 32 have side edges 33, 34 which are parallel to the sides of the square separating webs 7. The profiles 32 border with a base edge 35 parallel to the circumference of the plate 1, the length of the base edge 35 being approximately equal to 1/5 of the distance between two center points of adjacent, square dividers 7. Two short sides 36, 37 of the profile 32 run laterally from the base edge 35 in a fan shape, each of which merges into the side edges 33, 34 over a small radius. The profiles 32 have the edge bevel 31 along the circumference. The profiles 32 are as high as the square dividers 7 and have a surface that is preferably slightly smaller than half the surface of the square dividers 7.

Figure 19 shows a composite panel.

The tongue and groove connection according to FIGS. 20 and 21 also has the advantage that the plates 1 enter into a positive connection in the composite, so that forces, for example perpendicular to the plates 1, cannot lead to an offset of the plates 1.

FIG. 22 shows a preferred embodiment of the tongue and groove connection in the form of a stepped fold 14. The stepped fold 14 is separated from the wall by at least one Page 3 to the plate center 15 rising first support shoulder 16 and a, by a step 17 offset from this, formed second support shoulder 27, which extends from the plate center 15 of the plate back 18 rising. This means that even if there is a gap in the seal, it is hardly possible to crawl behind the panels with leachate.

FIGS. 23 and 24 show an embodiment variant of the present invention, in which inlet openings 28 are formed by perforations.

Figure 25: A plate support layer 30 has inlet openings 28 formed by perforation.

With the present invention, the prerequisite for a high-quality expansion of the basement is created. There is no fear of moisture penetration or loss of heat from components in contact with the ground, which leads to dry and warm rooms. Even where no thermal insulation is required, but sealing and drainage tasks have to be performed, as is the case, for example, in the landfill area, the panel according to the invention is ideally suited.

Claims (19)

Drainage sealing and / or thermal insulation board for the external cladding of walls in contact with the ground, which has drainage channels covered on the side remote from the wall by a liquid-permeable and particle-blocking material,
characterized,
that the drainage channels (5) are provided with an expansion (8) at at least one end and
The cross-sectional shape of the drainage channels (5) and their course over the longitudinal axis of the channel (6) as well as the arrangement and positioning of the drainage channels (5) with respect to one another and relative to the plate (1) are selected such that when arranged in conjunction with the outer wall of the building (2) as a closed drainage, sealing and / or thermal insulation layer, for the purpose of unhindered liquid drainage, there is direct communication between the drainage channels (5) of adjacent plates (1). Drainage and sealing plate, which has drainage channels covered on at least one side by a liquid-permeable and particle-blocking material,
characterized,
that the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channels (5) and their course over the longitudinal channel axis (6) and the arrangement and positioning of the drainage channels (5) to each other and relative to the drainage and sealing plate (1) is chosen so that the arrangement in the composite as closed Drainage and sealing layer, for the purpose of unhindered liquid drainage there is direct communication between the drainage channels (5) of adjacent plates (1). Plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the widenings (8) are funnel-shaped. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drainage channels (5) are aligned diagonally and intersecting with respect to the mounting position. Panel according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that profiles (32) are arranged along the circumference of the panel (1) in the central position between square separating webs (7) which adjoin the periphery of the panel (1) with a base edge (35) . Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the panels (1) consist of a rot-proof, expandable particle foam which is processed in the course of a shaping process to a final panel shape without subsequent machining, material-removing processing. Plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base material of the plates (1) consists of prefoamed expandable particles which are introduced into the mold in a form which forms a spatial seal against the environment and is resistant to the expansion pressure which arises and the medium causing the expansion is exposed in such a way that a uniformly closed and compacted surface results on all sides. Plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material (4) is in the form of a foam plate with a relatively large gusset volume. Plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material (4) is present as a grid. Plate according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material (4) is designed to be inherently rigid. Plate according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inherently rigid material layer (22) is arranged between the filter fleece forming the liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material (4) and the plate (1). Plate according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filter fleece forming the liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material (4) is applied to the plate body and connected to it during the shaping process, so that the plate (1) is designed as a composite plate. Plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bond between the plate (1) and the filter fleece formed from liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material (4) is achieved by thermal fusion. Plate according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid-permeable, particle-blocking material (4) is present as a porous structure. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the circumference of the panel (1) a step fold (14) at least through a first support shoulder (16) rising from the side (3) away from the wall (15) and through a step (17 ) is formed by this offset second support shoulder (17), which extends from the middle of the plate (15) to the back of the plate (18). Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the panel (1) has an additional sealing layer (23) on the back of the panel (18). Plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing layer (23) is applied over the entire surface. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing layer (23) is arranged on the edge side, in the composite overlapping, in such a way that all butt joints which form are backed with additional sealing material. Panel according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the panel (1) is provided with a tongue and groove system on two, preferably opposite sides, preferably on the sides which run horizontally in the direction of the panel installation, and on the sides which run vertically in the direction of panel installation with a step fold is.

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