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EP0798417B1 - Roadstructure built up from rigid materials - Google Patents

Roadstructure built up from rigid materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0798417B1
EP0798417B1 EP97400612A EP97400612A EP0798417B1 EP 0798417 B1 EP0798417 B1 EP 0798417B1 EP 97400612 A EP97400612 A EP 97400612A EP 97400612 A EP97400612 A EP 97400612A EP 0798417 B1 EP0798417 B1 EP 0798417B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
foundation layer
bituminous
structure according
roadway structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97400612A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0798417A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Malot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
TotalFinaElf France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0798417A1 publication Critical patent/EP0798417A1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
    • E01C7/185—Isolating, separating or connecting intermediate layers, e.g. adhesive layers; Transmission of shearing force in horizontal intermediate planes, e.g. by protrusions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new structure for floor, made from rigid materials.
  • these layers can be laid directly on the floor, but also on an untreated material, such as, for example, a serious untreated or a serious reconstituted humidified.
  • the new layer or layers of treated materials are placed directly in contact with the upper layer of the old pavement.
  • these known techniques relate to roadways semi-rigid, i.e. with a seat layer made from a material treated with binders hydraulic, such as gravel-cements or gravel-slag.
  • EP-A-0433 155 describes a method of constructing a pavement comprising from top to bottom: a wearing course, a base course and a bituminous binder enrichment layer, the latter consisting of at least one layer of aggregates and at least one layer of binder dosed at more than 800 g / m 2 .
  • the seat layer is of a particular type and has a stiffness modulus between 9.5 to 11.10 3 MPa.
  • the enrichment layer is rich in binder, so that it goes up in the seat layer when compaction.
  • the goal is to improve fatigue resistance and the impermeability of the roadway.
  • EP-A-0041 881 describes bituminous mixtures for road surfaces resistant to cracking and whose stiffness modulus is between 16 and 24.10 3 MPa, using a binder composed of very hard bitumens.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to obtain a pavement comprising a rigid seat layer, which has improved fatigue resistance, i.e. resistance good for heavy loads transmitted by vehicles on the road.
  • the Applicant has highlighted the fact that it is surprisingly possible to obtain a good quality pavement with a long service life and can be built on a support even damaged, in incorporating a special layer under the seat layer rigid.
  • the stiffness modulus is measured according to the TOTAL 762-94 method.
  • the wearing course resting on the rigid seat layer can advantageously be a traditional asphalt, such as concrete bituminous.
  • the role of this wearing course is to provide good protection of the structure and, due to its roughness, good grip for vehicles.
  • the rigid seat layer of the structure according to the invention has a stiffness modulus greater than or equal to 14.10 3 MPa at 15 ° C and 10 Hz and can be made from bituminous materials of the high modulus coated type, by for example, or based on materials treated with hydraulic binders, such as gravel-cements or gravel-slag.
  • This layer The role of this layer is to constitute a good sitting on the floor.
  • a base layer constituted by a bituminous mix of the type coated with very high rigidity modulus, developed by Applicant and subject of the patent application French N ° 95 10097.
  • This bituminous mix is produced at from a very hard binder, whose penetration at 25 ° C, measured according to standard AFNOR NFT 66-004, is between 0 and 20 and whose asphalt content is greater than 6 parts percent by weight.
  • this coated material Due to its very rigid nature, its modulus of rigidity at 25 ° C and 10 Hz being greater than 24.10 3 MPa, this coated material makes it possible to provide the same structural effect as conventional materials, but with much smaller thicknesses, from 5 to 30 cm.
  • the layer that is placed under the seat layer must fill the hollows and the reliefs of the ground, material not treated, or the pavement to be reinforced, on which it is supported. This layer must therefore have a thickness sufficient to cover these irregularities, so that form a support for the seat layer with a smooth surface and plane.
  • This layer must, in addition, adhere to the base layer of so that the final pavement behaves well mechanical, in particular with regard to mechanical fatigue.
  • Adhesion can be natural, if the layer is made at from a sufficiently bituminous material.
  • the layer according to the invention which is placed under the seat layer, can be made from several types of materials.
  • a first family of usable materials includes: bituminous mixtures, such as, for example, bituminous sand, reshaped mixes, cold mixes or concretes bituminous.
  • these materials once implemented, must have a low macroroughness and a good level.
  • macroroughness is defined by a sand height less than or equal to 4 mm, and preferably less than or equal to 2mm, measured by the height test of sand according to standard NFP 98-216-1.
  • This layer could, for example, be bonded to the base layer with a bonding layer produced from a 70/100 bitumen emulsion, dosed at 300-400 g / m 2 with residual binder.
  • a second family of materials that can be used to layer to be placed under the seat layer includes materials flowable bituminous, such as, for example, cold, bituminous grout or mastic asphalt.
  • these materials must have a low macroroughness, on the order of that possessed by bituminous mixtures mentioned above.
  • the layer made from these bituminous materials pourable is also applied according to standard NFP 98-150, which gives it the desired good uni character.
  • Bonding with the base layer is ensured by spreading a bonding layer produced from an emulsion of bitumen 70/100, for example, and at a rate of 200 to 500 g / m 2 in residual binder.
  • a third family of materials that can serve as layer to be placed under the seat layer includes non-bituminous materials.
  • geotextiles i.e. any tightly woven textile tablecloth, which is produced from natural yarns or fibers or synthetic and that we usually use in road construction and stabilization operations of land.
  • the geotextile used according to the invention can be a nonwoven web with a surface mass of between 50 and 500 g / m 2 and formed of continuous filaments based on a polymer such as a polyester, an isotactic polypropylene, a polyamide, a polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride or even high density polyethylene.
  • a polymer such as a polyester, an isotactic polypropylene, a polyamide, a polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride or even high density polyethylene.
  • a geotextile consisting of a tightly woven nonwoven fabric formed from continuous filaments based on isotactic polypropylene, or well of a polyester, in particular of polyterephthalate alkylene glycol such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol, or a polyamide, in particular a polycaproamide or a polyhexamethylene adipamide.
  • the tablecloth nonwoven formed of continuous filaments based on a polymer can be, in particular, the tablecloth described in one or the other of publications FR-A-1 601 049, FR-A-2 108 145 and FR-A-2 592 411, these publications indicating the method general production of such a tablecloth.
  • the geotextile can also be a woven sheet with a surface mass of between 50 and 500 g / m 2 and with a mesh diameter less than or equal to 5 mm, so as to give a smooth character.
  • the impregnation rate is between 200 and 800 g / m 2 .
  • This impregnation is carried out with hot bitumen or with a bitumen in the form of an emulsion, the penetration of the bitumen at 25 ° C. is between 180 and 220 tenths of a millimeter.
  • these non-bituminous materials must have a low macroroughness, of the order that have the bituminous mixtures mentioned above.
  • This bonding layer after spreading and breaking the emulsion, is dosed at 200-500 g / m 2 with residual binder.
  • This material also fits perfectly, as well for the construction of new pavements as for the reinforcement of existing pavements.
  • the layer to place under the seat layer can be laid either directly on the ground, either on untreated material, by example of severe untreated or severe reconstituted type moistened.
  • pavement structures not only have a fatigue strength significantly improved compared to prior art structures but they exhibit also the advantage of not requiring an implementation neither complicated nor expensive, since they can be carried out by known conventional means.
  • This example concerns a. coated material bituminous, the Applicant of which recommends the use for pavement construction, as a layer to be placed under the rigid foundation layer of the roadway.
  • bitumen sand used in the form a hot mix, prepared from a bitumen playing the role of binder whose penetrability at 25 ° C is understood between 35 and 50 tenths of a millimeter.
  • the penetrability is measured according to the AFNOR standard NFT 66-004.
  • the macroroughness of this bituminous sand is defined by a sand height, according to standard NFP 98-216-1, of the order of 3 mm.
  • This bitumen sand has a richness module between 2.8 and 3.0, a bitumen content of 5.2 parts per cent by weight, a particle size between 0 and 6 or between 0 and 10 mm, of the type: % passing Sieve opening diameter 15 0.08mm 64 0.2mm 77 0.717 mm 91 0.5mm 97 1 mm 100 2 mm
  • This layer of bitumen sand is implemented according to standard NFP-98-150, which gives it a good levelness, and has a final thickness of 2 cm, after cooling and spreading a bonding layer of bituminous emulsion type. dosed at 250-300 g / m 2 with residual binder.
  • This example concerns a coated type material bituminous, the Applicant of which recommends the use for the reinforcement of a pavement, as a layer to be placed under the rigid base layer of new pavement and on a pavement to be reinforced.
  • reprofiling mix that is to say a hot coated prepared from bitumen whose penetration at 25 ° C is between 35 and 50 tenths of millimeter.
  • This asphalt has a sandy character and a particle size between 0 and 6 mm or between 0 and 10 mm, of the type: % passing Sieve opening diameter 0/6 0/10 12 10 0.08mm 60 50 2 mm 100 80 6.3 mm
  • This asphalt has a higher richness module k or equal to 3.0, if the asphalt has a particle size between 0 and 6 mm, and greater than or equal to 2.8, if the mix has a particle size between 0 and 10 mm.
  • This example concerns a material of material type pourable bituminous, which the Applicant recommends the use for the construction of a new roadway, as a layer to be placed under the rigid seat layer of the floor.
  • This asphalt has a macroroughness, defined by a sand height according to standard NFP-98-216-1, of the order of 4 mm.
  • This layer is implemented according to standard NFP-98-150, which gives it a good level, with a bonding layer of the cationic emulsion type, prepared from a bitumen of penetrability of between 70 and 100 tenths of millimeter, dosed at 200-500 g / m 2 with residual binder.
  • This example concerns a geotextile type material, which the Applicant recommends the use for construction of a new pavement, as a layer to be placed under the rigid base layer of this new roadway.
  • the polyester fibers have a weight of 80 g / m 2 , a mechanical strength of 2 kN / m and an elongation of 40%.
  • the glass grid has a weight of 55 g / m 2 , a mechanical strength of 14 kN / m and an elongation of 3%.
  • the impregnation rate of this geotextile is 600 g / m 2 , with a bitumen emulsion of penetrability between 180 and 220 tenths of a millimeter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)

Abstract

The road surface structure comprises a top vehicle bearing layer supported by a rigid foundation layer with a high modulus of rigidity. The foundation layer is supported by the ground. Under the foundation layer, there is a bitumen coated layer adhering to it. The layer has a thickness such as to constitute a smooth, plane support.

Description

La présente invention concerne une nouvelle structure de chaussée, réalisée à partir de matériaux rigides.The present invention relates to a new structure for floor, made from rigid materials.

Les chaussées routières sont généralement formées de plusieurs couches :

  • une couche supérieure, directement en contact avec les véhicules routiers et pouvant être réalisée avec un enrobé traditionnel, comme par exemple, un béton bitumineux ; elle est dénommée ci-après "couche de roulement" de la chaussée,
  • au moins une couche inférieure, et quelquefois plusieurs, constituant l'assise de la chaussée et pouvant être réalisée, par exemple, à partir de matériaux traités avec des liants hydrauliques tels que les graves-ciments ou les graves-laitiers, ou bien à partir d'enrobés bitumineux ; elle est dénommée ci-après "couche d'assise" de la chaussée.
Road surfaces are generally made up of several layers:
  • an upper layer, directly in contact with road vehicles and which can be produced with a conventional asphalt, such as, for example, bituminous concrete; it is hereinafter referred to as "road surface",
  • at least one lower layer, and sometimes several, constituting the foundation of the roadway and which can be produced, for example, from materials treated with hydraulic binders such as gravel-cements or gravel-slag, or else from bituminous mixes; it is hereinafter referred to as the "seat layer" of the roadway.

Dans le cadre de la construction d'une chaussée, ces couches peuvent être posées directement sur le sol, mais également sur un matériau non traité, tel que, par exemple, une grave non traitée ou une grave reconstituée humidifiée.As part of the construction of a pavement, these layers can be laid directly on the floor, but also on an untreated material, such as, for example, a serious untreated or a serious reconstituted humidified.

Dans le cadre du renforcement d'une chaussée endommagée, on dispose la ou les nouvelles couches de matériaux traités directement en contact avec la couche supérieure de l'ancienne chaussée.As part of the reinforcement of a damaged pavement, the new layer or layers of treated materials are placed directly in contact with the upper layer of the old pavement.

On sait que les spécialistes routiers ont souvent intérêt à utiliser une couche d'assise à fort pouvoir structurel, présentant donc une rigidité élevée, ce qui permet de réduire l'épaisseur de la couche et, par conséquent, les coûts de construction d'une chaussée.We know that road specialists often interest in using a strong power seat layer structural, therefore having a high rigidity, which reduces the thickness of the layer and, by Therefore, the costs of building a pavement.

Or, on sait que, sous l'effet des sollicitations en traction générées par le trafic routier, des déformations et des contraintes se développent à la base des couches, principalement à la base de la couche d'assise. La répétition de ces déformations et contraintes entraíne une fatigue mécanique, responsable de phénomènes de fissuration.However, we know that, under the effect of solicitations in traction generated by road traffic, deformations and constraints develop at the base of the layers, mainly at the base of the seat layer. The repetition of these deformations and stresses leads to a mechanical fatigue, responsible for cracking phenomena.

Ce phénomène bien connu s'opère en plusieurs étapes :

  • d'abord, la localisation des déformations et des contraintes en traction à la base de la couche d'assise, avec un effet maximal en fond de défauts,
  • puis la création d'une microfissure, apparaissant préférentiellement en fond de défauts,
  • et, enfin, lorsque les contraintes deviennent supérieures à la résistance en traction du matériau, la transformation de la microfissure en fissure, qui se propage vers le haut de la chaussée, en conduisant alors, à terme, à la rupture de la chaussée.
This well-known phenomenon takes place in several stages:
  • first, the location of the deformations and tensile stresses at the base of the seat layer, with maximum effect at the bottom of the defects,
  • then the creation of a microcrack, preferably appearing at the bottom of defects,
  • and, finally, when the stresses become greater than the tensile strength of the material, the transformation of the microcrack into a crack, which propagates towards the top of the roadway, then eventually leading to the breakage of the roadway.

On sait également que, dans le cas d'une couche d'assise rigide, c'est-à-dire dont le module de rigidité est élevé, on constate un amorçage de fissures encore plus important.We also know that, in the case of a seat layer rigid, i.e. with a high modulus of rigidity, there is even greater crack initiation.

Dans le souci de répondre à ces problèmes de fissuration lié au trafic routier, divers moyens destinés à ralentir la propagation des fissures ont été proposés dans la littérature. Ces moyens visent tous à mettre en place un matériau intermédiaire entre la couche de roulement et la couche d'assise. Parmi ceux-ci, on peut citer :

  • la création d'une interface, consistant en une membrane en bitume/caoutchouc coulée sur la couche d'assise pour découpler les mouvements de cette dernière et ceux de la couche de roulement qui la surmonte,
  • le renforcement en traction des couches de béton bitumineux de surface par des grilles de polyester présentant des caractéristiques mécaniques suffisantes, ces grilles étant placées entre la couche d'assise et la couche de roulement,
  • la mise en place d'un polyester non tissé, avec un recouvrement de ce non tissé par une couche d'environ cinq centimètres d'un béton bitumineux servant de couche de roulement,
  • la mise en place d'une interface en géotextile non tissé, imprégné d'un liant bitumineux, consistant en un bitume modifié à l'aide par exemple d'un copolymère de styrène et d'un diène conjugué tel que le butadiène, comme décrit dans la demande de brevet FR-A-2 592 411,
  • la mise en place d'une couche d'un géotextile imprégné d'un premier liant bitumineux, accolé à une couche de granulats enrobés d'un second liant bitumineux, comme décrit dans la demande de brevet WO - 94/01623.
In order to respond to these cracking problems linked to road traffic, various means intended to slow the propagation of cracks have been proposed in the literature. These means all aim to put in place an intermediate material between the wearing course and the seat layer. Among these, we can cite:
  • the creation of an interface, consisting of a bitumen / rubber membrane poured over the seat layer to decouple the movements of the latter and those of the wearing course which overcomes it,
  • the tensile reinforcement of the bituminous concrete surface layers by polyester grids having sufficient mechanical characteristics, these grids being placed between the seat layer and the wearing course,
  • placing a nonwoven polyester, with a covering of this nonwoven with a layer of about five centimeters of bituminous concrete serving as a wearing course,
  • the establishment of a nonwoven geotextile interface, impregnated with a bituminous binder, consisting of a modified bitumen using for example a copolymer of styrene and a conjugated diene such as butadiene, as described in patent application FR-A-2 592 411,
  • the establishment of a layer of a geotextile impregnated with a first bituminous binder, attached to a layer of aggregates coated with a second bituminous binder, as described in patent application WO - 94/01623.

Ces différentes solutions préconisent toutes de mettre en place une interface entre la couche de roulement et la couche d'assise, en vue de retarder la remontée de fissures dans la couche de roulement.These different solutions all recommend putting an interface between the wearing course and the base layer, in order to delay the rise of cracks in the wearing course.

Or ces solutions ne sont utilisables qu'à des fins curatives, puisqu'elles admettent que la chaussée présente déjà des fissures.These solutions can only be used for curative, since they admit that the roadway presents already cracks.

De plus, ces techniques connues concernent des chaussées semi-rigides, c'est-à-dire dont la couche d'assise est réalisée à partir d'un matériau traité aux liants hydrauliques, tels que les graves-ciments ou les graves-laitiers.In addition, these known techniques relate to roadways semi-rigid, i.e. with a seat layer made from a material treated with binders hydraulic, such as gravel-cements or gravel-slag.

EP-A-0433 155 décrit un procédé de construction d'une chaussée comprenant de haut en bas : une couche de roulement, une couche d'assise et une couche d'enrichissement en liant bitumineux, cette dernière étant constituée d'au moins une couche de granulats et d'au moins une couche de liant dosée à plus de 800 g/m2.EP-A-0433 155 describes a method of constructing a pavement comprising from top to bottom: a wearing course, a base course and a bituminous binder enrichment layer, the latter consisting of at least one layer of aggregates and at least one layer of binder dosed at more than 800 g / m 2 .

La couche d'assise est d'un type particulier et possède un module de rigidité compris entre 9,5 à 11.103 MPa.The seat layer is of a particular type and has a stiffness modulus between 9.5 to 11.10 3 MPa.

La couche d'enrichissement est riche en liant, de manière à le faire remonter dans la couche d'assise lors du compactage.The enrichment layer is rich in binder, so that it goes up in the seat layer when compaction.

Le but recherché est d'améliorer la tenue en fatigue et l'imperméabilité de la chaussée.The goal is to improve fatigue resistance and the impermeability of the roadway.

EP-A-0041 881 décrit des mélanges bitumineux pour revêtements routiers résistant à la fissuration et dont le module de rigidité est compris entre 16 et 24.103 MPa, utilisant un liant composé de bitumes très durs.EP-A-0041 881 describes bituminous mixtures for road surfaces resistant to cracking and whose stiffness modulus is between 16 and 24.10 3 MPa, using a binder composed of very hard bitumens.

Dans la pratique, ces techniques conduisent à des résultats plus ou moins satisfaisants.In practice, these techniques lead to more or less satisfactory results.

En poursuivant ses travaux de recherche dans ce domaine, la Demanderesse a cherché à traiter les causes des fissurations, au lieu de traiter les effets de ces fissurations, comme le proposent les solutions de l'état de la technique.By continuing his research in this area, the Applicant has sought to address the causes of cracks, instead of dealing with the effects of these cracks, as the solutions of the state of the technique.

C'est ainsi que la Demanderesse a établi que, lorsque le module de rigidité de la couche d'assise est élevé, l'état de surface de la base de la couche d'assise, en particulier la diminution des défauts "en creux" de celle-ci, a un effet sur la formation de microfissures, et donc sur la tenue en fatigue mécanique de la chaussée engendrant des problèmes de rupture.Thus the Applicant has established that, when the stiffness modulus of the seat layer, the state of the base of the base layer, in particular the reduction in "intaglio" defects thereof, has an effect on the formation of microcracks, and therefore on the mechanical fatigue of the pavement causing problems of break.

C'est pourquoi elle s'est attachée à rendre la surface de base de la couche d'assise la plus lisse et la plus plane possible, même lorsque cette couche est posée sur un matériau de surface très irrégulière, comme un matériau non traité, ou sur un support fortement endommagé, comme une chaussée à renforcer.That’s why she set out to make the surface base of the smoothest and flatest seat layer possible even when this layer is laid on a very irregular surface material, such as non-material treated, or on a heavily damaged support, such as pavement to be reinforced.

Le but de la présente invention est donc d'obtenir une chaussée comprenant une couche d'assise rigide, qui présente une tenue à la fatigue améliorée, c'est-à-dire qui résiste bien aux fortes sollicitations transmises par les véhicules sur la chaussée.The object of the present invention is therefore to obtain a pavement comprising a rigid seat layer, which has improved fatigue resistance, i.e. resistance good for heavy loads transmitted by vehicles on the road.

En effet, la Demanderesse a mis en évidence le fait qu'il est possible, de façon surprenante, d'obtenir une chaussée de bonne qualité, ayant une longue durée de vie et pouvant être construite sur un support même endommagé, en incorporant une couche particulière sous la couche d'assise rigide.Indeed, the Applicant has highlighted the fact that it is surprisingly possible to obtain a good quality pavement with a long service life and can be built on a support even damaged, in incorporating a special layer under the seat layer rigid.

La présente invention a, par conséquent, pour premier objet une structure de chaussée selon la revendication 1 comprenant de haut en bas:

  • une couche de roulement,
  • au moins une couche d'assise rigide, dont le module de rigidité est supérieur ou égal à 14.103 MPa, qui supporte la couche de roulement,
  • le sol, ou un matériau non traité, ou une chaussée endommagée, supportant la couche d'assise,
ladite structure de chaussée comprend, sous la couche d'assise, une couche adhérant à celle-ci et dont l'épaisseur est suffisante pour recouvrir les irrégularités de la surface sur laquelle elle prend appui, afin de constituer pour la couche d'assise un support à surface lisse et plane, c'est-à-dire présentant une macrorugosité, mesurée par l'essai de hauteur de sable selon la norme NFP98/216-1, correspondant à une hauteur de sable inférieure ou égale à 4 mm.The present invention therefore has for first object a pavement structure according to claim 1 comprising from top to bottom:
  • a wearing course,
  • at least one rigid seat layer, the stiffness modulus of which is greater than or equal to 14.10 3 MPa, which supports the wearing course,
  • the ground, or an untreated material, or a damaged pavement, supporting the seat layer,
said pavement structure comprises, under the seat layer, a layer adhering thereto and the thickness of which is sufficient to cover the irregularities of the surface on which it is supported, in order to constitute for the seat layer a support with smooth and flat surface, that is to say having a macroroughness, measured by the sand height test according to standard NFP98 / 216-1, corresponding to a sand height less than or equal to 4 mm.

Dans cette définition de l'invention, le module de rigidité est mesuré selon la méthode TOTAL 762-94.In this definition of the invention, the stiffness modulus is measured according to the TOTAL 762-94 method.

La présente invention a pour deuxième objet un procédé de fabrication de cette structure de chaussée selon la revendication 13 , caractérisé par les étapes successives suivantes :

  • on recouvre le sol, ou un matériau non traité, ou une chaussée fortement dégradée, d'une couche destinée à adhérer à la couche d'assise et dont l'épaisseur est suffisante pour recouvrir les irrégularités de la surface sur laquelle elle prend appui, afin de constituer pour la couche d'assise un support à surface lisse et plane,
  • on applique sur cette couche d'assise, dont le module de rigidité est supérieur à 14.103Mpa,
  • on recouvre la couche d'assise par la couche de roulement.
A second object of the present invention is a method of manufacturing this pavement structure according to claim 13, characterized by the following successive steps:
  • the ground, or an untreated material, or a highly degraded roadway, is covered with a layer intended to adhere to the seat layer and whose thickness is sufficient to cover the irregularities of the surface on which it rests, in order to constitute a support for the seat layer with a smooth and flat surface,
  • is applied to this seat layer, the stiffness modulus of which is greater than 14.10 3 Mpa,
  • the seat layer is covered by the wearing course.

Selon l'invention, la couche de roulement reposant sur la couche d'assise rigide peut avantageusement être un enrobé traditionnel, comme, par exemple, un béton bitumineux.According to the invention, the wearing course resting on the rigid seat layer can advantageously be a traditional asphalt, such as concrete bituminous.

Le rôle de cette couche de roulement est d'assurer une bonne protection de la structure et, de par sa rugosité, une bonne adhérence pour les véhicules.The role of this wearing course is to provide good protection of the structure and, due to its roughness, good grip for vehicles.

La couche d'assise rigide de la structure conforme à l'invention possède un module de rigidité supérieur ou égal à 14.103 MPa à 15°C et 10 Hz et peut être réalisée à base de matériaux bitumineux de type enrobé à module élevé, par exemple, ou à base de matériaux traités par des liants hydrauliques, tels que les graves-ciments ou les graves-laitiers.The rigid seat layer of the structure according to the invention has a stiffness modulus greater than or equal to 14.10 3 MPa at 15 ° C and 10 Hz and can be made from bituminous materials of the high modulus coated type, by for example, or based on materials treated with hydraulic binders, such as gravel-cements or gravel-slag.

Le rôle de cette couche est de constituer une bonne assise à la chaussée.The role of this layer is to constitute a good sitting on the floor.

Parmi ces couches d'assise, on utilise de préférence une couche d'assise constituée par un enrobé bitumineux de type enrobé à module de rigidité très élevé, mis au point par la Demanderesse et qui fait l'objet de la demande de brevet français N° 95 10097. Cet enrobé bitumineux est réalisé à partir d'un liant très dur, dont la pénétrabilité à 25 °C, mesurée selon la norme AFNOR NFT 66-004, est comprise entre 0 et 20 et dont la teneur dans l'enrobé est supérieure à 6 parties pour cent en poids.Among these seat layers, preferably a base layer constituted by a bituminous mix of the type coated with very high rigidity modulus, developed by Applicant and subject of the patent application French N ° 95 10097. This bituminous mix is produced at from a very hard binder, whose penetration at 25 ° C, measured according to standard AFNOR NFT 66-004, is between 0 and 20 and whose asphalt content is greater than 6 parts percent by weight.

De par son caractère très rigide, son module de rigidité à 25 °C et 10 Hz étant supérieur à 24.103 MPa, cet enrobé permet d'apporter le même effet structurel que les matériaux classiques, mais avec des épaisseurs bien moindres, de l'ordre de 5 à 30 cm.Due to its very rigid nature, its modulus of rigidity at 25 ° C and 10 Hz being greater than 24.10 3 MPa, this coated material makes it possible to provide the same structural effect as conventional materials, but with much smaller thicknesses, from 5 to 30 cm.

La couche que l'on dispose sous la couche d'assise doit combler les creux et les reliefs du sol, du matériau non traité, ou de la chaussée à renforcer, sur lesquels elle prend appui. Cette couche doit donc présenter une épaisseur suffisante pour recouvrir ces irrégularités, de manière à former pour la couche d'assise un support à surface lisse et plane. The layer that is placed under the seat layer must fill the hollows and the reliefs of the ground, material not treated, or the pavement to be reinforced, on which it is supported. This layer must therefore have a thickness sufficient to cover these irregularities, so that form a support for the seat layer with a smooth surface and plane.

Cette couche doit, en outre, adhérer à la couche d'assise de telle sorte que la chaussée finale ait un bon comportement mécanique, en particulier vis-à-vis de la fatigue mécanique.This layer must, in addition, adhere to the base layer of so that the final pavement behaves well mechanical, in particular with regard to mechanical fatigue.

L'adhérence peut être naturelle, si la couche est réalisée à partir d'un matériau suffisamment bitumineux.Adhesion can be natural, if the layer is made at from a sufficiently bituminous material.

Elle peut, en particulier, également être apportée par l'intermédiaire d'une couche d'accrochage réalisée à partir d'un bitume de type 70/100.It can, in particular, also be provided by through a bonding layer made from a bitumen type 70/100.

La couche conforme à l'invention, que l'on dispose sous la couche d'assise, peut être réalisée à partir de plusieurs types de matériaux.The layer according to the invention, which is placed under the seat layer, can be made from several types of materials.

Une première famille de matériaux utilisables comprend les enrobés bitumineux, tels que, par exemple, le sable bitume, les enrobés de reprofilage, les enrobés à froid ou les bétons bitumineux.A first family of usable materials includes: bituminous mixtures, such as, for example, bituminous sand, reshaped mixes, cold mixes or concretes bituminous.

Pour offrir à la couche selon l'invention un état de surface lisse et plan, ces matériaux, une fois mis en oeuvre, doivent posséder une faible macrorugosité et un bon uni.To provide the layer according to the invention with a surface condition smooth and flat, these materials, once implemented, must have a low macroroughness and a good level.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, on définit la macrorugosité par une hauteur de sable inférieure ou égale à 4 mm, et de préférence inférieure ou égale à 2mm, mesurée par l'essai de hauteur de sable selon la norme NFP 98-216-1.As indicated above, macroroughness is defined by a sand height less than or equal to 4 mm, and preferably less than or equal to 2mm, measured by the height test of sand according to standard NFP 98-216-1.

La mise en place de la couche réalisée à partir de ces enrobés bitumineux est effectuée selon la norme NFP 98-150 et confère également à ladite couche le caractère de bon uni désiré.The establishment of the layer made from these coated materials bituminous is carried out according to standard NFP 98-150 and gives also with said layer the desired good uni character.

Cette couche pourra, par exemple, être collée à la couche d'assise avec une couche d'accrochage réalisée à partir d'une émulsion de bitume 70/100, dosée à 300-400 g/m2 en liant résiduel.This layer could, for example, be bonded to the base layer with a bonding layer produced from a 70/100 bitumen emulsion, dosed at 300-400 g / m 2 with residual binder.

Une deuxième famille de matériaux utilisables pour réaliser la couche à placer sous la couche d'assise comprend des matériaux bitumineux coulables, tels que, par exemple, les enrobés coulés à froid, les coulis bitumineux ou les asphaltes coulés. A second family of materials that can be used to layer to be placed under the seat layer includes materials flowable bituminous, such as, for example, cold, bituminous grout or mastic asphalt.

Pour offrir à la couche selon l'invention un état de surface plan et lisse, ces matériaux doivent posséder une faible macrorugosité, de l'ordre de celle que possèdent les enrobés bitumineux cités ci-dessus.To provide the layer according to the invention with a state of flat and smooth surface, these materials must have a low macroroughness, on the order of that possessed by bituminous mixtures mentioned above.

La couche réalisée à partir de ces matériaux bitumineux coulables est également appliquée selon la norme NFP 98-150, ce qui lui confère le caractère de bon uni désiré.The layer made from these bituminous materials pourable is also applied according to standard NFP 98-150, which gives it the desired good uni character.

Le collage avec la couche d'assise est assurée par répandage d'une couche d'accrochage réalisée à partir d'une émulsion de bitume 70/100, par exemple, et à raison de 200 à 500 g/m2 en liant résiduel.Bonding with the base layer is ensured by spreading a bonding layer produced from an emulsion of bitumen 70/100, for example, and at a rate of 200 to 500 g / m 2 in residual binder.

Une troisième famille de matériaux pouvant servir de couche à placer sous la couche d'assise comprend des matériaux non bitumineux.A third family of materials that can serve as layer to be placed under the seat layer includes non-bituminous materials.

On peut citer, par exemple, les géotextiles, c'est-à-dire toute nappe textile de contexture serrée, qui est produite à partir de fils ou fibres naturelles ou synthétiques et que l'on utilise de manière habituelle dans les opérations de construction routière et de stabilisation de terrains.We can cite, for example, geotextiles, i.e. any tightly woven textile tablecloth, which is produced from natural yarns or fibers or synthetic and that we usually use in road construction and stabilization operations of land.

Le géotextile utilisé selon l'invention peut être une nappe non tissée de masse surfacique comprise entre 50 et 500 g/m2 et formée de filaments continus à base d'un polymère tel qu'un polyester, un polypropylène isotactique, un polyamide, un polyacrylonitrile, un acétate de cellulose, un polychlorure de vinyle, un polychlorure de vinylidène ou encore un polyéthylène haute densité.The geotextile used according to the invention can be a nonwoven web with a surface mass of between 50 and 500 g / m 2 and formed of continuous filaments based on a polymer such as a polyester, an isotactic polypropylene, a polyamide, a polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride or even high density polyethylene.

Convient tout spécialement un géotextile consistant en une nappe non tissée de contexture serrée, formée de filaments continus à base de polypropylène isotactique, ou bien d'un polyester, notamment de polytéréphtalate d'alcoylène glycol tel que le polytéréphtalate d'éthylène glycol, ou encore d'un polyamide, notamment d'un polycaproamide ou d'un polyhexaméthylène adipamide. La nappe non tissée formée de filaments continus à base d'un polymère peut être, en particulier, la nappe décrite dans l'une ou l'autre des publications FR-A-1 601 049, FR-A-2 108 145 et FR-A-2 592 411, ces publications indiquant la méthode générale de production d'une telle nappe.Especially suitable for a geotextile consisting of a tightly woven nonwoven fabric formed from continuous filaments based on isotactic polypropylene, or well of a polyester, in particular of polyterephthalate alkylene glycol such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol, or a polyamide, in particular a polycaproamide or a polyhexamethylene adipamide. The tablecloth nonwoven formed of continuous filaments based on a polymer can be, in particular, the tablecloth described in one or the other of publications FR-A-1 601 049, FR-A-2 108 145 and FR-A-2 592 411, these publications indicating the method general production of such a tablecloth.

Le géotextile peut également être une nappe tissée de masse surfacique comprise entre 50 et 500 g/m2 et de diamètre de maille inférieur ou égal à 5 mm, de manière à donner un caractère lisse.The geotextile can also be a woven sheet with a surface mass of between 50 and 500 g / m 2 and with a mesh diameter less than or equal to 5 mm, so as to give a smooth character.

Que ce soit un géotextile tissé ou non tissé, il n'adhère pas naturellement à la couche d'assise sous laquelle il est placé. Il est donc nécessaire de l'imprégner d'un bitume, avant de l'utiliser comme couche à placer sous la couche d'assise.Whether a woven or non-woven geotextile, it does not naturally adhere to the seat layer under which it is placed. It is therefore necessary to impregnate it bitumen, before using it as a layer to be placed under the seat layer.

Le taux d'imprégnation est compris entre 200 et 800 g/m2. Cette imprégnation est réalisée avec un bitume chaud ou avec un bitume sous forme d'émulsion, dont la pénétrabilité à 25°C du bitume est comprise entre 180 et 220 dixièmes de millimètre.The impregnation rate is between 200 and 800 g / m 2 . This impregnation is carried out with hot bitumen or with a bitumen in the form of an emulsion, the penetration of the bitumen at 25 ° C. is between 180 and 220 tenths of a millimeter.

On peut également citer, par exemple, les géomembranes telles que les films polymériques, les coulis aux liants hydrauliques, les tapis de déchets agglomérés par des liants organiques ou minéraux, ou encore les couches traitées par des liants hydrauliques.We can also cite, for example, geomembranes such as polymer films, grouts with binders hydraulic, waste mats agglomerated by binders organic or mineral, or the layers treated by hydraulic binders.

Pour offrir à la couche selon l'invention un état de surface plan et lisse, ces matériaux non bitumineux doivent posséder une faible macrorugosité, de l'ordre de celle que possèdent les enrobés bitumineux cités ci-dessus.To provide the layer according to the invention with a state of flat and smooth surface, these non-bituminous materials must have a low macroroughness, of the order that have the bituminous mixtures mentioned above.

Ils sont également appliqués par l'intermédiaire d'une couche d'accrochage de type émulsion cationique, qui leur permet d'adhérer à la couche d'assise rigide.They are also applied through a bonding layer of cationic emulsion type, which allows to adhere to the rigid seat layer.

Cette couche d'accrochage, après répandage et rupture de l'émulsion, est dosée à 200-500 g/m2 en liant résiduel.This bonding layer, after spreading and breaking the emulsion, is dosed at 200-500 g / m 2 with residual binder.

Quel que soit le matériau choisi pour jouer le rôle de la couche à placer sous la couche d'assise, ses propriétés lui permettent de résister parfaitement aux conditions mécaniques et thermiques de mise en oeuvre des enrobés bitumineux rigides, qui sont notamment utilisés à chaud, aux environs de 170 à 200 °C. Whatever material is chosen to play the role of the layer to be placed under the seat layer, its properties allow it to withstand conditions perfectly mechanical and thermal processing of asphalt rigid bituminous materials, which are used in particular hot, around 170 to 200 ° C.

Ce matériau convient également parfaitement, aussi bien pour la construction de chaussées neuves que pour le renforcement de chaussées existantes.This material also fits perfectly, as well for the construction of new pavements as for the reinforcement of existing pavements.

Pour la construction de chaussées neuves, la couche à placer sous la couche d'assise peut être posée soit directement sur le sol, soit sur un matériau non traité, par exemple de type grave non traitée ou grave reconstituée humidifiée.For the construction of new pavements, the layer to place under the seat layer can be laid either directly on the ground, either on untreated material, by example of severe untreated or severe reconstituted type moistened.

Pour le renforcement de chaussées déjà existantes, ladite couche est posée directement sur l'ancienne chaussée, lorsque son état de surface est fortement dégradé.For the reinforcement of existing pavements, said layer is laid directly on the old pavement, when its surface condition is severely degraded.

Ainsi, une chaussée neuve selon l'invention présente, de haut en bas, la structure suivante :

  • une couche de roulement,
  • au moins une couche d'assise,
  • la couche adhérant à la couche d'assise et dont l'épaisseur est telle qu'elle constitue un support lisse et plan pour cette couche d'assise,
  • le sol ou le matériau non traité.
Thus, a new roadway according to the invention has, from top to bottom, the following structure:
  • a wearing course,
  • at least one layer of seat,
  • the layer adhering to the seat layer and the thickness of which is such that it constitutes a smooth and flat support for this seat layer,
  • soil or untreated material.

Une chaussée renforcée présente, elle, de haut en bas, la structure suivante:

  • une couche de roulement,
  • au moins une couche d'assise,
  • la couche adhérant à la couche d'assise et dont l'épaisseur est telle qu'elle constitue un support lisse et plan pour cette couche d'assise,
  • l'ancienne chaussée à renforcer.
Reinforced pavement has the following structure from top to bottom:
  • a wearing course,
  • at least one layer of seat,
  • the layer adhering to the seat layer and the thickness of which is such that it constitutes a smooth and flat support for this seat layer,
  • the old pavement to be reinforced.

Ces structures de chaussées présentent non seulement une tenue en fatigue très nettement améliorée par rapport aux structures de la technique antérieure, mais elles présentent également l'avantage de ne pas nécessiter une mise en oeuvre compliquée ni coûteuse, puisqu'elles peuvent être réalisées par les moyens classiques connus.These pavement structures not only have a fatigue strength significantly improved compared to prior art structures but they exhibit also the advantage of not requiring an implementation neither complicated nor expensive, since they can be carried out by known conventional means.

De plus, elles peuvent être réalisées sur un support très irrégulier, voire accidenté.In addition, they can be performed on a support very irregular, even uneven.

Les exemples qui suivent illustrent l'invention, sans toutefois la limiter. The following examples illustrate the invention, without however limit it.

EXEMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1

Cet exemple concerne un. matériau de type enrobé bitumineux, dont la Demanderesse préconise l'utilisation pour la construction d'une chaussée, comme couche à placer sous la couche d'assise rigide de la chaussée.This example concerns a. coated material bituminous, the Applicant of which recommends the use for pavement construction, as a layer to be placed under the rigid foundation layer of the roadway.

Il s'agit d'un sable bitume mis en oeuvre sous la forme d'un enrobé à chaud, préparé à partir d'un bitume jouant le rôle de liant dont la pénétrabilité à 25°C est comprise entre 35 et 50 dixièmes de millimètre.It is a bitumen sand used in the form a hot mix, prepared from a bitumen playing the role of binder whose penetrability at 25 ° C is understood between 35 and 50 tenths of a millimeter.

La pénétrabilité est mesurée selon la norme AFNOR NFT 66-004.The penetrability is measured according to the AFNOR standard NFT 66-004.

La macrorugosité de ce sable bitume est définie par une hauteur de sable, selon la norme NFP 98-216-1, de l'ordre de 3 mm.The macroroughness of this bituminous sand is defined by a sand height, according to standard NFP 98-216-1, of the order of 3 mm.

Ce sable bitume présente un module de richesse compris entre 2,8 et 3,0, une teneur en bitume de 5,2 parties pour cent en poids, une granulométrie comprise entre 0 et 6 ou entre 0 et 10 mm, du type : % passant Diamètre d'ouverture du tamis 15 0,08 mm 64 0,2 mm 77 0,717 mm 91 0,5 mm 97 1 mm 100 2 mm This bitumen sand has a richness module between 2.8 and 3.0, a bitumen content of 5.2 parts per cent by weight, a particle size between 0 and 6 or between 0 and 10 mm, of the type: % passing Sieve opening diameter 15 0.08mm 64 0.2mm 77 0.717 mm 91 0.5mm 97 1 mm 100 2 mm

Cette couche de sable bitume est mise en oeuvre selon la norme NFP-98-150, ce qui lui confère un bon uni, et présente une épaisseur finale de 2 cm, après refroidissement et répandage d'une couche d'accrochage de type émulsion bitumineuse dosée à 250-300 g/m2 en liant résiduel.This layer of bitumen sand is implemented according to standard NFP-98-150, which gives it a good levelness, and has a final thickness of 2 cm, after cooling and spreading a bonding layer of bituminous emulsion type. dosed at 250-300 g / m 2 with residual binder.

EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2

Cet exemple concerne un matériau de type enrobé bitumineux, dont la Demanderesse préconise l'utilisation pour le renforcement d'une chaussée, comme couche à placer sous la couche d'assise rigide de la chaussée neuve et sur une chaussée à renforcer.This example concerns a coated type material bituminous, the Applicant of which recommends the use for the reinforcement of a pavement, as a layer to be placed under the rigid base layer of new pavement and on a pavement to be reinforced.

Il s'agit d'un enrobé de reprofilage, c'est-à-dire un enrobé à chaud préparé à partir d'un bitume dont la pénétrabilité à 25°C est comprise entre 35 et 50 dixièmes de millimètre.It is a reprofiling mix, that is to say a hot coated prepared from bitumen whose penetration at 25 ° C is between 35 and 50 tenths of millimeter.

Cet enrobé présente un caractère sableux et une granulométrie comprise entre 0 et 6 mm ou entre 0 et 10 mm, du type : % passant Diamètre d'ouverture du tamis 0/6 0/10 12 10 0,08 mm 60 50 2 mm 100 80 6,3 mm This asphalt has a sandy character and a particle size between 0 and 6 mm or between 0 and 10 mm, of the type: % passing Sieve opening diameter 0/6 0/10 12 10 0.08mm 60 50 2 mm 100 80 6.3 mm

Cet enrobé présente un module de richesse k supérieur ou égal à 3,0, si l'enrobé a une granulométrie comprise entre 0 et 6 mm, et supérieur ou égal à 2,8, si l'enrobé a une granulométrie comprise entre 0 et 10 mm.This asphalt has a higher richness module k or equal to 3.0, if the asphalt has a particle size between 0 and 6 mm, and greater than or equal to 2.8, if the mix has a particle size between 0 and 10 mm.

Il présente également une macrorugosité, définie par une hauteur de sable selon la norme NFP 98-216-1, de l'ordre de 3,5 mm.It also has a macroroughness, defined by a sand height according to standard NFP 98-216-1, of the order of 3.5mm.

Cet enrobé est mis en oeuvre selon la norme NFP-98-150, ce qui lui confère un bon uni, avec une couche d'accrochage de type émulsion bitumineuse dosée à 250-300 g/m2 en liant résiduel.This mix is used according to the NFP-98-150 standard, which gives it a good levelness, with a bonding layer of bituminous emulsion type dosed at 250-300 g / m 2 in residual binder.

EXEMPLE 3EXAMPLE 3

Cet exemple concerne un matériau de type matériau bitumineux coulable, dont la Demanderesse préconise l'utilisation pour la construction d'une chaussée neuve, comme couche à placer sous la couche d'assise rigide de la chaussée.This example concerns a material of material type pourable bituminous, which the Applicant recommends the use for the construction of a new roadway, as a layer to be placed under the rigid seat layer of the floor.

Il s'agit d'un enrobé coulé à froid, présentant une teneur en bitume comprise entre 5 et 8 parties pour cent en poids et une granulométrie comprise entre 0 et 4 mm ou entre 0 et 10 mm. It is a cold-cast mix, with a bitumen content between 5 and 8 parts per cent weight and a particle size between 0 and 4 mm or between 0 and 10 mm.

Cet enrobé présente une macrorugosité, définie par une hauteur de sable selon la norme NFP-98-216-1, de l'ordre de 4 mm.This asphalt has a macroroughness, defined by a sand height according to standard NFP-98-216-1, of the order of 4 mm.

Cette couche est mise en oeuvre selon la norme NFP-98-150, ce qui lui confère un bon uni, avec une couche d'accrochage de type émulsion cationique, préparée à partir d'un bitume de pénétrabilité comprise entre 70 et 100 dixièmes de millimètre, dosée à 200-500 g/m2 en liant résiduel.This layer is implemented according to standard NFP-98-150, which gives it a good level, with a bonding layer of the cationic emulsion type, prepared from a bitumen of penetrability of between 70 and 100 tenths of millimeter, dosed at 200-500 g / m 2 with residual binder.

EXEMPLE 4EXAMPLE 4

Cet exemple concerne un matériau de type géotextile, dont la Demanderesse préconise l'utilisation pour la construction d'une chaussée neuve, comme couche à placer sous la couche d'assise rigide de cette chaussée neuve.This example concerns a geotextile type material, which the Applicant recommends the use for construction of a new pavement, as a layer to be placed under the rigid base layer of this new roadway.

Il s'agit d'un géotextile réalisé à base de fibres de polyester et de grille de verre, dont le poids total est de 135 g/m2 et le taux d'imprégnation du bitume est de 460 g/m2.It is a geotextile made from polyester fibers and a glass grid, whose total weight is 135 g / m 2 and the bitumen impregnation rate is 460 g / m 2 .

Les fibres de polyester ont un poids de 80 g/m2, une résistance mécanique de 2 kN/m et un allongement de 40 %.The polyester fibers have a weight of 80 g / m 2 , a mechanical strength of 2 kN / m and an elongation of 40%.

La grille de verre a un poids de 55 g/m2, une résistance mécanique de 14 kN/m et un allongement de 3 %.The glass grid has a weight of 55 g / m 2 , a mechanical strength of 14 kN / m and an elongation of 3%.

Le taux d'imprégnation de ce géotextile est de 600 g/m2, avec une émulsion de bitume de pénétrabilité comprise entre 180 et 220 dixièmes de millimètre.The impregnation rate of this geotextile is 600 g / m 2 , with a bitumen emulsion of penetrability between 180 and 220 tenths of a millimeter.

Claims (13)

  1. A roadway structure, comprising from the top downwards:
    a surface layer,
    at least one rigid foundation layer which supports the surface layer,
    the ground or an untreated material, or a damaged roadway supporting the foundation layer,
    say roadway structure comprising under the foundation layer a layer adhering thereto, characterised in that the thickness of said layer disposed under the foundation layer is sufficient to cover the irregularities in the surface on which it bears, so as to form for the foundation layer, the modulus of rigidity of which is higher than or equal to 14.103 Mpa, a smooth and flat surface, i.e. exhibiting a macroroughness, measured by the sand height test in accordance with the standard NFP 98-216-1, corresponding to a sand height lower than or equal to 4 mm.
  2. A roadway structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer disposed under said foundation layer is formed from bituminous coatings.
  3. A roadway structure according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the layer disposed under said foundation layer is formed from bituminous sands, reprofiling coatings, cold coatings or bituminous concretes.
  4. A roadway structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer disposed under said foundation layer is formed from castable bituminous materials.
  5. A roadway structure according to either claim 1 or claim 4, characterised in the layer disposed under said foundation layer is formed from cold-cast coatings, bituminous slurries or cast asphalts.
  6. A roadway structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer disposed under said foundation layer is formed from non-bituminous materials belonging in particular to the group comprising the geotextiles, the geomembranes, such as polymeric films, slurries with hydraulic binders, carpets of waste materials agglomerated by organic or mineral binders and layers treated with hydraulic binders.
  7. A roadway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the layer disposed under said foundation layer exhibits macroroughness, defined by the sand height in accordance with the standard NFP 98-216-1, lower than 4 mm and preferably lower than 2 mm.
  8. A roadway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the layer disposed under said foundation layer is caused to adhere to said foundation layer by a bonding layer in the form of a bitumen emulsion.
  9. A roadway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that said surface layer is a bituminous concrete.
  10. A roadway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that said foundation layer is a bituminous coating formed from a binder whose penetrability at 25°C is between 0 and 20.
  11. A roadway structure according to claim 10, characterised in that said foundation layer is a bituminous coating formed from a binder, the content of which in the coating is higher than 6 parts per hundred by weight.
  12. A roadway structure according to either one of claims 10 and 11, characterised in that said foundation layer is of a thickness between 5 and 30 cm.
  13. A process for producing a roadway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised by the following successive stages:
    covering the ground, or an untreated material or a heavily damaged roadway, with a layer intended to adhere to the foundation layer and the thickness of which is sufficient to cover irregularities in the surface on which it is applied so as to form for the foundation layer a smooth and flat surface, i.e. exhibiting a macroroughness measured by the sand height test in accordance with the standard NFP 98-216-1, corresponding to sand height lower than or equal to 4 mm,
    there is applied to this layer a foundation layer whose modulus of rigidity is higher than or equal to 14.103 MPa,
    the foundation layer is covered with the surface layer.
EP97400612A 1996-03-28 1997-03-19 Roadstructure built up from rigid materials Expired - Lifetime EP0798417B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9603871A FR2746821B1 (en) 1996-03-28 1996-03-28 NEW PAVEMENT STRUCTURE, MADE FROM RIGID MATERIALS
FR9603871 1996-03-28

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EP0798417A1 EP0798417A1 (en) 1997-10-01
EP0798417B1 true EP0798417B1 (en) 2003-05-28

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EP97400612A Expired - Lifetime EP0798417B1 (en) 1996-03-28 1997-03-19 Roadstructure built up from rigid materials

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US (1) US6158920A (en)
EP (1) EP0798417B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH111901A (en)
CN (1) CN1266343C (en)
AT (1) ATE241734T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2201095C (en)
DE (1) DE69722300T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0798417T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2202562T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2746821B1 (en)
PT (1) PT798417E (en)
ZA (1) ZA972296B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2746821A1 (en) 1997-10-03
CN1266343C (en) 2006-07-26
DK0798417T3 (en) 2003-09-22
EP0798417A1 (en) 1997-10-01
CN1163332A (en) 1997-10-29
ATE241734T1 (en) 2003-06-15
CA2201095A1 (en) 1997-09-28
US6158920A (en) 2000-12-12
PT798417E (en) 2003-10-31
CA2201095C (en) 2007-09-18
JPH111901A (en) 1999-01-06
FR2746821B1 (en) 1998-06-26
ES2202562T3 (en) 2004-04-01
DE69722300T2 (en) 2004-04-29
ZA972296B (en) 1997-09-17
DE69722300D1 (en) 2003-07-03

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