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EP0771946A1 - Fuel system - Google Patents

Fuel system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0771946A1
EP0771946A1 EP96112865A EP96112865A EP0771946A1 EP 0771946 A1 EP0771946 A1 EP 0771946A1 EP 96112865 A EP96112865 A EP 96112865A EP 96112865 A EP96112865 A EP 96112865A EP 0771946 A1 EP0771946 A1 EP 0771946A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pressure
engine
fuel system
relief valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96112865A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0771946B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Treml
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0771946A1 publication Critical patent/EP0771946A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0023—Valves in the fuel supply and return system
    • F02M37/0029—Pressure regulator in the low pressure fuel system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0052—Details on the fuel return circuit; Arrangement of pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0076—Details of the fuel feeding system related to the fuel tank
    • F02M37/0088—Multiple separate fuel tanks or tanks being at least partially partitioned
    • F02M37/0094—Saddle tanks; Tanks having partition walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/08—Feeding by means of driven pumps electrically driven
    • F02M37/10—Feeding by means of driven pumps electrically driven submerged in fuel, e.g. in reservoir
    • F02M37/106—Feeding by means of driven pumps electrically driven submerged in fuel, e.g. in reservoir the pump being installed in a sub-tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D33/00—Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D33/003—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge
    • F02D33/006—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge depending on engine operating conditions, e.g. start, stop or ambient conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/02—Feeding by means of suction apparatus, e.g. by air flow through carburettors
    • F02M37/025—Feeding by means of a liquid fuel-driven jet pump

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel system for a motor vehicle according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a fuel system for a motor vehicle is already known, in which a three / two-way valve is used to regulate the fuel circuit.
  • This valve is relatively complex, expensive and requires a relatively large amount of space.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fuel system for a motor vehicle in which simple, mechanical components are used and which requires a small installation space, in particular the new fuel system should be able to be used for the running loss fuel circuit.
  • the components used have a simple structure and can be integrated in a single unit, this relates in particular to a check valve, a pressure regulator and possibly a filter. An inadmissibly high pressure is avoided due to the arrangement of these components near the tank and the existing elasticities. Pressure buffers in the form of elastic elements, in particular in the lines, are installed as a fuse.
  • the formation of the gas bubbles during the post-heating phase is prevented by a check valve in the supply line.
  • the pressure in the injection rail increases during the post-heating phase above the system pressure, so that there is almost no outgassing of the fuel.
  • the engine-side pressure relief valve thus ensures good system filling and, on the other hand, protection against impermissibly high pressures in the reheating phase.
  • valve block or another unit reduces the installation space requirement.
  • the valve block or the unit can be arranged close to the tank.
  • the housing of the valve block or the unit can be made of metal or plastic.
  • the design of the housing as an injection molded part has proven to be inexpensive.
  • the outlet to the engine-side return line is preferably formed at the highest point in the injection rail. This has the advantage that gas, which is located in the injection rail, can be completely discharged into the tank via the return.
  • the flying mounting is characterized in that additional fastening elements are saved and possible resonance noises of the pressure regulator are not transmitted to the body.
  • the fuel system can be used universally, which results in a reduction in variants. Raising the pressure in the injection rail in the after-heating phase of the engine standstill causes that the hot start can be controlled from the tank even without flushing with cold fuel.
  • the fuel system according to the invention has improved operating conditions when using a suction jet pump, since the temperature level in the lines and in the fuel tank is reduced, so that there are fewer gas components in the fuel. In this way, the suction jet pump delivers better, so that the performance of the suction jet pump and the fuel pump can be reduced.
  • the reduced requirements for the delivery rate and hot delivery enable the use of cost-effective single-stage pumps or flow pumps. Retrofitting of old vehicles is also possible.
  • the fuel system according to the invention operates more quietly than known fuel systems at significantly lower costs. Finally, the components used are less sensitive to dirt.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel system 1 in which fuel 4 is conveyed from a fuel tank 2 via a fuel pump 3 to an injection rail 5 of an engine M (not shown).
  • the fuel pump 3 is generally operated electrically and is located in a swirl pot 6.
  • the fuel tank 2 shown in FIG. 1 has two chambers 7a and 7b. The fuel level in the the two chambers are different, as indicated by a triangle on top.
  • the fuel is conveyed from the left chamber 7b into the right chamber 7a by a suction jet pump 8.
  • the suction jet pump 8 is driven by the amount of fuel, which is not required by the engine M and flows back into the fuel tank 2.
  • the suction jet pump 8 is omitted, so that the fuel flowing back flows directly into the fuel tank via a return line 9.
  • the fuel delivered by the fuel pump 3 from the fuel tank 2 flows via a feed line 10 to a filter 11.
  • the filtered fuel acts on a pressure regulator 12 and then flows through a pressure-maintaining or non-return valve 13.
  • the fuel then enters the injection bar 5.
  • the fuel from the engine M fuel that is not required is returned to the fuel tank 2 via the return line 17 or 9.
  • the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is closed.
  • the pressure relief valve 15 is activated only when the system is being filled and, if necessary, during the reheating phase when the engine is not running.
  • the opening pressure of the additional pressure relief valve 15 is on the one hand higher than the system pressure, but on the other hand it is lower than the opening pressure of the pump-side pressure relief valve 100.
  • the system is filled significantly faster by an overpressure acting on a vacuum connection of the pressure regulator 12 while the fuel pump 3 is operating at the same time.
  • the opening pressure of the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is higher than the system pressure, the formation of gas bubbles during the post-heating phase is largely prevented. This presupposes that the injection valves of the injection rail 5 are tight.
  • the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 protects against impermissibly high pressures in the post-heating phase. If the fuel in the injection rail 5 reaches an impermissibly high pressure, the pressure relief valve 15 is opened and the excess fuel can flow back into the fuel tank 2 via the return lines 14 and 9.
  • the fuel pump 3 delivers a constant amount of fuel through the feed line 10.
  • the pressure regulator 12 delivers the amount of fuel not required by the engine via a return line 17 to the return line 9.
  • An outlet opening 18 is formed on the injection bar 5, if possible, at the highest point of the injection bar 5. It is thereby achieved that the gas located in the injection bar 5 can be transported completely back to the fuel tank 2.
  • the valve block 20 shows a valve block 20, in which the engine-side check valve 13 and the engine-side pressure limiting valve 15 are integrated.
  • the valve block 20 has a housing 21, which can be made of metal or plastic.
  • a connection opening 22 for the pressure regulator 12 is formed in the housing 21.
  • the housing 21 has an H shape.
  • the flow direction of the fuel is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2.
  • the check valve 13 is installed in the section 23 opposite thereto. Under the sections 23 and 24 designed as lines, a connecting line 17 is provided which connects the return line 25 consisting of the sections 9 'and 24 with the flow line 26 of the housing 21 consisting of the sections 10 and 23.
  • ends 27 and 28 of the lines 25 and 26 of the housing 21 pointing outwards conical thickenings are formed in cross-section which reduce their cross-section in the axial direction towards the outside.
  • ends 27 and 28 may have a pine cone-shaped cross section.
  • connection opening 22 which is formed in the flow line 26 of the housing 21, a pipe socket 29 of the pressure regulator 12 is arranged.
  • the pipe socket 29 has a cylindrical section 30, the diameter of which is adapted to the inside diameter of the return line 17.
  • a seal 31, for example an O-ring, is provided on its outer circumference.
  • On the cylindrical Section 30 is followed by a further cylindrical section 32 with a larger diameter.
  • a seal 33 is also arranged on the outer circumference of the cylindrical section 32.
  • a diaphragm or another device which opens above a certain limit pressure, for example between 3 and 4 bar, so that the fuel from the supply line 26 through a passage opening 34 formed in the cylindrical sections 30 and 32 can flow through.
  • the fuel flowing through the passage opening 34 is shown by the essentially horizontal arrow in FIG. 2.
  • the check valve 13 and the pressure relief valve 15 essentially consist of a closing element 36, such as a ball, a resilient element 37 and a spring lock 38.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a fuel system 1 ', in which, in contrast to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is omitted.
  • the return line 14 on the engine side and the outlet opening 18 on the injection bar 5 are also missing.
  • An elastic element 39 has been added, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a pressure accumulator.
  • a vacuum line 40 can be provided between the intake manifold of the motor M and the pressure regulator 12, as in FIG. 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The system includes a fuel tank with an immersed fuel pump which conveys fuel through a pre-charge piping over a filter into an injection rail of a combustion engine. A reverse piping is provided, through which the engine returns not required fuel into the fuel tank. The filtered fuel is supplied to a pressure control (12) which opens above a predetermined threshold pressure, so that the excessive fuel flows over the reverse piping (17,9) back into the fuel tank (2). A back-pressure valve (13) is connected after the pressure control in direction of the engine. At least one elastic element (39) is pref. installed as a pressure buffer in the precharge piping.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoffanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel system for a motor vehicle according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist bereits eine Kraftstoffanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug bekannt, bei dem ein Drei-/Zwei-Wege-Ventil zur Regulierung des Kraftstoffkreislaufes eingesetzt ist. Dieses Ventil ist relativ aufwendig, teuer und erfordert einen relativ großen Bauraum.A fuel system for a motor vehicle is already known, in which a three / two-way valve is used to regulate the fuel circuit. This valve is relatively complex, expensive and requires a relatively large amount of space.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Kraftstoffanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug zu schaffen, bei der einfache, mechanische Bauteile verwendet werden und die einen geringen Bauraum erfordert, insbesondere soll die neue Kraftstoffanlage für den Running-Loss-Kraftstoffkreislauf einsetzbar sein.The object of the invention is to provide a fuel system for a motor vehicle in which simple, mechanical components are used and which requires a small installation space, in particular the new fuel system should be able to be used for the running loss fuel circuit.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Kraftstoffanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a generic fuel system for a motor vehicle by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die verwendeten Bauteile weisen einen einfachen Aufbau auf und können in einem einzigen Aggregat integriert werden, dies betrifft insbesondere ein Rückschlagventil, einen Druckregler und ggf. einen Filter. Durch die tanknahe Anordnung dieser Bauteile und durch die vorhandenen Elastizitäten wird ein unzulässig hoher Druck vermieden. Als Sicherung sind Druckpuffer in Form von elastischen Elementen insbesondere in den Leitungen eingebaut.The components used have a simple structure and can be integrated in a single unit, this relates in particular to a check valve, a pressure regulator and possibly a filter. An inadmissibly high pressure is avoided due to the arrangement of these components near the tank and the existing elasticities. Pressure buffers in the form of elastic elements, in particular in the lines, are installed as a fuse.

Ein besonderes Problem kann sich in einer Kraftstoffanlage durch das

Figure imgb0001
Nachheizen" eines heißgefahrenen Kraftstoffversorgungssystems bei Motorstillstand ergeben. Bei einem annähernd gleichbleibenden Systemdruck, wird der sich durch die hohe Temperatur ausdehnende Kraftstoff, der sich in den Leitungen zwischen der Kraftstoffpumpe und dem Druckregler befindet, bis zum Erreichen einer Maximaltemperatur über den Druckregler in den Rücklauf annähernd drucklos abgeleitet. Danach nimmt der Druck im System kontinuierlich ab, wodurch der immer noch sehr warme Kraftstoff ausgast. Die in der Einspritzleiste entstandenen Gasblasen führen dann zu Heißstartproblemen.A particular problem can arise in a fuel system
Figure imgb0001
Reheating "of a hot fuel supply system when the engine is at a standstill. With the system pressure remaining approximately the same, the fuel which expands due to the high temperature and is located in the lines between the fuel pump and the pressure regulator is reached until one The maximum temperature is derived almost without pressure via the pressure regulator in the return. The pressure in the system then decreases continuously, causing the still very warm fuel to outgas. The gas bubbles created in the injection rail then lead to hot start problems.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Kraftstoffanlage wird die Entstehung der Gasblasen während der Nachheizphase durch ein Rückschlagventil in der Vorlaufleitung unterbunden. Der Druck in der Einspritzleiste steigt während der Nachheizphase über den Systemdruck, so daß es nahezu zu keinem Ausgasen des Kraftstoffes kommt. Durch das motorseitige Druckbegrenzungsventil wird somit eine gute Systembefüllung und andererseits ein Schutz vor unzulässig hohen Drücken in der Nachheizphase erreicht.In one embodiment of the fuel system, the formation of the gas bubbles during the post-heating phase is prevented by a check valve in the supply line. The pressure in the injection rail increases during the post-heating phase above the system pressure, so that there is almost no outgassing of the fuel. The engine-side pressure relief valve thus ensures good system filling and, on the other hand, protection against impermissibly high pressures in the reheating phase.

Die Integration der Bauteile, wie den Druckreglern, dem Filter, dem Rückschlagventil, dem Druckbegrenzungsventil und/oder dem Druckspeicher, in einen Ventilblock oder ein sonstiges Aggregat verringert den Bauraumbedarf. Dadurch ist auch eine tanknahe Anordnung des Ventilblockes oder des Aggregates möglich. Das Gehäuse des Ventilblockes oder des Aggregates kann aus Metall oder Kunststoff bestehen. Insbesondere die Ausbildung des Gehäuses als ein Spritzteil hat sich als kostengünstig erwiesen.The integration of the components, such as the pressure regulator, the filter, the check valve, the pressure relief valve and / or the pressure accumulator, in a valve block or another unit reduces the installation space requirement. This means that the valve block or the unit can be arranged close to the tank. The housing of the valve block or the unit can be made of metal or plastic. In particular, the design of the housing as an injection molded part has proven to be inexpensive.

Der Ausgang zu der motorseitigen Rücklaufleitung ist bei der Einspritzleiste vorzugsweise an der höchsten Stelle ausgebildet. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß Gas, welches sich in der Einspritzleiste befindet, komplett über den Rücklauf in den Tank abgeleitet werden kann.The outlet to the engine-side return line is preferably formed at the highest point in the injection rail. This has the advantage that gas, which is located in the injection rail, can be completely discharged into the tank via the return.

Bei einer

Figure imgb0001
fliegenden" Lagerung des Ventilblockes im Vor- und Rücklauf ergibt sich eine Geräuschverringerung. Die fliegende Lagerung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zusätzliche Befestigungselemente eingespart und mögliche Resonanzgeräusche des Druckreglers nicht auf die Karosserie übertragen werden.At a
Figure imgb0001
flying "mounting of the valve block in the flow and return results in a reduction in noise. The flying mounting is characterized in that additional fastening elements are saved and possible resonance noises of the pressure regulator are not transmitted to the body.

Durch den einfachen Aufbau der Kraftstoffanlage ist die Kraftstoffanlage universell einsetzbar, dadurch ergibt sich eine Variantenreduzierung. Die Anhebung des Druckes in der Einspritzleiste in der Nachheizphase des Motorstillstandes bewirkt, daß der Heißstart auch ohne eine Spülung mit kaltem Kraftstoff vom Tank beherrschbar ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffanlage weist verbesserte Betriebsbedingungen bei einem Einsatz einer Saugstrahlpumpe auf, da das Temperaturniveau in den Leitungen und im Kraftstoffbehälter herabgesetzt ist, so daß weniger Gasanteile im Kraftstoff vorhanden sind. Auf diese Weise fördert die Saugstrahlpumpe besser, so daß die Leistung der Saugstrahlpumpe und der Kraftstoffpumpe reduzierbar ist. Die reduzierten Anforderungen an die Förderleistung und Heißförderung ermöglichen den Einsatz kostengünstiger Ein-Stufen-Pumpen bzw. Strömungspumpen. Ferner ist eine Nachrüstung von Altfahrzeugen möglich.Due to the simple structure of the fuel system, the fuel system can be used universally, which results in a reduction in variants. Raising the pressure in the injection rail in the after-heating phase of the engine standstill causes that the hot start can be controlled from the tank even without flushing with cold fuel. The fuel system according to the invention has improved operating conditions when using a suction jet pump, since the temperature level in the lines and in the fuel tank is reduced, so that there are fewer gas components in the fuel. In this way, the suction jet pump delivers better, so that the performance of the suction jet pump and the fuel pump can be reduced. The reduced requirements for the delivery rate and hot delivery enable the use of cost-effective single-stage pumps or flow pumps. Retrofitting of old vehicles is also possible.

Durch eine Reduzierung der Saugstrahlpumpen-Gurgelgeräusche nach dem Heißstart und durch die Verwendung der fliegenden Lagerung des Ventilblockes in den Vor- und Rücklaufleitungen arbeitet die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffanlage leiser als bekannte Kraftstoffanlagen bei deutlich geringeren Kosten. Schließlich sind die verwendeten Bauteile weniger schmutzempfindlich.By reducing the suction jet pump gurgling noises after the hot start and by using the floating mounting of the valve block in the supply and return lines, the fuel system according to the invention operates more quietly than known fuel systems at significantly lower costs. Finally, the components used are less sensitive to dirt.

Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand der Zeichnungen beispielshalber beschrieben. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Schaltplan einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Kraftstoffanlage mit einer zusätzlichen motorseitigen Rücklaufleitung,
Fig. 2
eine Schnittdarstellung eines Ventilblocks, bei dem ein motorseitiges Rückschlagventil und ein motorseitiges Druckbegrenzungsventil sowie ein Druckregler integriert ist und
Fig. 3
einen Schaltplan einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Kraftstoffanlage ohne einen motorseitigen Rücklauf.
Embodiments of the invention are described below by way of example with reference to the drawings. Show:
Fig. 1
1 shows a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a fuel system with an additional engine-side return line,
Fig. 2
a sectional view of a valve block in which an engine-side check valve and an engine-side pressure relief valve and a pressure regulator is integrated and
Fig. 3
a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a fuel system without an engine-side return.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Kraftstoffanlage 1, bei der aus einem Kraftstoffbehälter 2 über eine Kraftstoffpumpe 3 Kraftstoff 4 zu einer Einspritzleiste 5 eines nicht abgebildeten Motors M gefördert wird. Die Kraftstoffpumpe 3 ist in der Regel elektrisch betrieben und befindet sich in einem Schwalltopf 6. Der in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Kraftstoffbehälter 2 weist zwei Kammern 7a und 7b auf. Der Kraftstoff-Füllstand in den beiden Kammern ist unterschiedlich, wie dies jeweils durch ein auf der Spitze stehendes Dreieck gekennzeichnet ist.1 shows a fuel system 1 in which fuel 4 is conveyed from a fuel tank 2 via a fuel pump 3 to an injection rail 5 of an engine M (not shown). The fuel pump 3 is generally operated electrically and is located in a swirl pot 6. The fuel tank 2 shown in FIG. 1 has two chambers 7a and 7b. The fuel level in the the two chambers are different, as indicated by a triangle on top.

Der Kraftstoff wird in der vorliegenden Ausführungsform durch eine Saugstrahlpumpe 8 von der linken Kammer 7b in die rechte Kammer 7a gefördert. Die Saugstrahlpumpe 8 wird durch die vom Motor M nicht benötigte Menge an Kraftstoff, der in den Kraftstoffbehälter 2 zurückfließt, angetrieben. Bei einem einteiligen Kraftstoffbehälter fällt die Saugstrahlpumpe 8 weg, so daß der zurückfließende Kraftstoff über eine Rücklaufleitung 9 direkt in den Kraftstoffbehälter fließt.In the present embodiment, the fuel is conveyed from the left chamber 7b into the right chamber 7a by a suction jet pump 8. The suction jet pump 8 is driven by the amount of fuel, which is not required by the engine M and flows back into the fuel tank 2. In the case of a one-piece fuel tank, the suction jet pump 8 is omitted, so that the fuel flowing back flows directly into the fuel tank via a return line 9.

Der von der Kraftstoffpumpe 3 aus dem Kraftstoffbehälter 2 geförderte Kraftstoff fließt über eine Vorlaufleitung 10 zu einem Filter 11. Der gefilterte Kraftstoff beaufschlagt einen Druckregler 12 und durchströmt dann ein Druckhalte- oder Rückschlagventil 13. Anschließend gelangt der Kraftstoff in die Einspritzleiste 5. Der vom Motor M nicht benötigte Kraftstoff gelangt über die Rücklaufleitung 17 bzw. 9 zurück in den Kraftstoffbehälter 2.The fuel delivered by the fuel pump 3 from the fuel tank 2 flows via a feed line 10 to a filter 11. The filtered fuel acts on a pressure regulator 12 and then flows through a pressure-maintaining or non-return valve 13. The fuel then enters the injection bar 5. The fuel from the engine M fuel that is not required is returned to the fuel tank 2 via the return line 17 or 9.

Während des Motorbetriebs ist das motorseitige Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 geschlossen. Nur bei einer Systembefüllung und ggf. während der Nachheizphase bei Motorstillstand wird das Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 aktiviert. Der Öffnungsdruck des zusätzlichen Druckbegrenzungsventiles 15 ist zum einen höher als der Systemdruck, zum anderen aber niedriger als der Öffnungsdruck des pumpenseitigen Druckbegrenzungsventiles 100. Die Systembefüllung erfolgt deutlich schneller durch einen auf einen Unterdruckanschluß des Druckreglers 12 wirkenden Überdruck bei gleichzeitigem Betrieb der Kraftstoffpumpe 3.During engine operation, the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is closed. The pressure relief valve 15 is activated only when the system is being filled and, if necessary, during the reheating phase when the engine is not running. The opening pressure of the additional pressure relief valve 15 is on the one hand higher than the system pressure, but on the other hand it is lower than the opening pressure of the pump-side pressure relief valve 100. The system is filled significantly faster by an overpressure acting on a vacuum connection of the pressure regulator 12 while the fuel pump 3 is operating at the same time.

Da der Öffnungsdruck des motorseitigen Druckbegrenzungsventiles 15 höher ist als der Systemdruck wird die Entstehung von Gasblasen während der Nachheizphase weitestgehend unterbunden. Dies setzt voraus, daß die Einspritzventile der Einspritzleiste 5 dicht sind. Das motorseitige Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 schützt vor unzulässig hohen Drücken in der Nachheizphase. Erreicht der Kraftstoff in der Einspritzleiste 5 einen unzulässig hohen Druck, wird das Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 geöffnet und der überschüssige Kraftstoff kann über die Rücklaufleitungen 14 und 9 in den Kraftstoffbehälter 2 zurückfließen.Since the opening pressure of the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is higher than the system pressure, the formation of gas bubbles during the post-heating phase is largely prevented. This presupposes that the injection valves of the injection rail 5 are tight. The engine-side pressure relief valve 15 protects against impermissibly high pressures in the post-heating phase. If the fuel in the injection rail 5 reaches an impermissibly high pressure, the pressure relief valve 15 is opened and the excess fuel can flow back into the fuel tank 2 via the return lines 14 and 9.

Die Kraftstoffpumpe 3 fördert eine konstante Menge an Kraftstoff durch die Vorlaufleitung 10. Durch den Druckregler 12 wird die vom Motor nicht benötigte Menge an Kraftstoff über eine Rücklaufleitung 17 zur Rücklaufleitung 9 gefördert.The fuel pump 3 delivers a constant amount of fuel through the feed line 10. The pressure regulator 12 delivers the amount of fuel not required by the engine via a return line 17 to the return line 9.

An der Einspritzleiste 5 ist eine Ausgangsöffnung 18 möglichst an der höchsten Stelle der Einspritzleiste 5 ausgebildet. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß das in der Einspritzleiste 5 befindliche Gas vollständig zurück zum Kraftstoffbehälter 2 transportiert werden kann.An outlet opening 18 is formed on the injection bar 5, if possible, at the highest point of the injection bar 5. It is thereby achieved that the gas located in the injection bar 5 can be transported completely back to the fuel tank 2.

In der Fig. 2 ist ein Ventilblock 20 gezeigt, in den das motorseitige Rückschlagventil 13 und das motorseitige Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 integriert sind. Der Ventilblock 20 hat ein Gehäuse 21, das aus Metall oder Kunststoff sein kann. In dem Gehäuse 21 ist eine Anschlußöffnung 22 für den Druckregler 12 ausgebildet. Das Gehäuse 21 weist eine H-Form auf. Durch Pfeile ist in der Fig. 2 die Fließrichtung des Kraftstoffes angezeigt. In dem linken oberen Abschnitt 24 des Gehäuses 21, der zur Rücklaufleitung 14 führt, ist das motorseitige Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 angeordnet. In dem dazu gegenüberliegenden Abschnitt 23 ist das Rückschlagventil 13 eingebaut. Unter den als Leitungen ausgebildeten Abschnitten 23 und 24 ist eine Verbindungsleitung 17 vorgesehen, die die aus den Abschnitten 9' und 24 bestehende Rücklauf-Leitung 25 mit der aus den Abschnitten 10 und 23 bestehende Vorlauf-Leitung 26 des Gehäuses 21 miteinander verbindet.2 shows a valve block 20, in which the engine-side check valve 13 and the engine-side pressure limiting valve 15 are integrated. The valve block 20 has a housing 21, which can be made of metal or plastic. A connection opening 22 for the pressure regulator 12 is formed in the housing 21. The housing 21 has an H shape. The flow direction of the fuel is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2. In the upper left section 24 of the housing 21, which leads to the return line 14, the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is arranged. The check valve 13 is installed in the section 23 opposite thereto. Under the sections 23 and 24 designed as lines, a connecting line 17 is provided which connects the return line 25 consisting of the sections 9 'and 24 with the flow line 26 of the housing 21 consisting of the sections 10 and 23.

An den nach außen zeigenden Enden 27 und 28 der Leitungen 25 und 26 des Gehäuses 21 sind im Querschnitt konusförmige Verdickungen ausgebildet, die in Achsrichtung nach außen ihren Querschnitt verringern. In einer anderen Ausführungsform können die Enden 27 und 28 einen tannenzapfenförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.At the ends 27 and 28 of the lines 25 and 26 of the housing 21 pointing outwards, conical thickenings are formed in cross-section which reduce their cross-section in the axial direction towards the outside. In another embodiment, ends 27 and 28 may have a pine cone-shaped cross section.

In der Anschlußöffnung 22, die in der Vorlaufleitung 26 des Gehäuses 21 ausgebildet ist, ist ein Rohrstutzen 29 des Druckreglers 12 angeordnet. Der Rohrstutzen 29 weist einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 30 auf, dessen Durchmesser dem Innendurchmesser der Rücklaufleitung 17 angepaßt ist. An seinem Außenumfang ist eine Dichtung 31, beispielsweise ein O-Ring vorgesehen. An den zylindrischen Abschnitt 30 schließt sich ein weiterer zylindrischer Abschnitt 32 mit einem größeren Durchmesser an. Am Außenumfang des zylindrischen Abschnittes 32 ist ebenfalls eine Dichtung 33 angeordnet.In the connection opening 22, which is formed in the flow line 26 of the housing 21, a pipe socket 29 of the pressure regulator 12 is arranged. The pipe socket 29 has a cylindrical section 30, the diameter of which is adapted to the inside diameter of the return line 17. A seal 31, for example an O-ring, is provided on its outer circumference. On the cylindrical Section 30 is followed by a further cylindrical section 32 with a larger diameter. A seal 33 is also arranged on the outer circumference of the cylindrical section 32.

In dem Druckregler 12 ist eine nicht dargestellte Membran oder eine andere Vorrichtung vorgesehen, die oberhalb eines bestimmten Grenzdruckes, beispielsweise zwischen 3 und 4 bar, öffnet, so daß der Kraftstoff aus der Vorlaufleitung 26 durch eine in den zylindrischen Abschnitten 30 und 32 ausgebildete Durchgangsöffnung 34 hindurchströmen kann. Der durch die Durchgangsöffnung 34 fließende Kraftstoff ist durch den im wesentlichen waagrecht verlaufenden Pfeil in der Fig. 2 dargestellt.In the pressure regulator 12, a diaphragm or another device, not shown, is provided which opens above a certain limit pressure, for example between 3 and 4 bar, so that the fuel from the supply line 26 through a passage opening 34 formed in the cylindrical sections 30 and 32 can flow through. The fuel flowing through the passage opening 34 is shown by the essentially horizontal arrow in FIG. 2.

Wie aus den Figuren 1 und 2 hervorgeht, besteht das Rückschlagventil 13 und das Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 im wesentlichen aus einem Schließelement 36, wie einer Kugel, einem federnden Element 37 und einer Federsicherung 38.As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the check valve 13 and the pressure relief valve 15 essentially consist of a closing element 36, such as a ball, a resilient element 37 and a spring lock 38.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Kraftstoffanlage 1', bei der im Unterschied zu der Ausführungsform der Figuren 1 und 2 das motorseitige Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 weggelassen ist. Entsprechend fehlt auch die motorseitige Rücklaufleitung 14 und die Ausgangsöffnung 18 an der Einspritzleiste 5. Hinzugekommen ist ein elastisches Element 39, das zum Beispiel in Form eines Druckspeichers ausgebildet sein kann. Zwischen dem Saugrohr des Motors M und dem Druckregler 12 kann, wie in der Fig. 1, eine Unterdruckleitung 40 vorgesehen sein.FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a fuel system 1 ', in which, in contrast to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is omitted. Correspondingly, the return line 14 on the engine side and the outlet opening 18 on the injection bar 5 are also missing. An elastic element 39 has been added, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a pressure accumulator. A vacuum line 40 can be provided between the intake manifold of the motor M and the pressure regulator 12, as in FIG. 1.

Wie sich in Versuchen herausgestellt hat, ist eine Systembefüllung der noch leeren Leitungen und Aggregate vor der erstmaligen Inbetriebnahme auch ohne eine Spülung möglich. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß durch die vorhandene Elastizität in der Vorlaufleitung 19 Druckspitzen abgebaut werden. Als Sicherung gegen im normalen Betrieb nicht auftretende Drücke, sind ein oder mehrere elastische Elemente 39 in der Vorlaufleitung 19 eingebaut.As has been shown in tests, it is possible to fill the still empty lines and units before the first start-up without flushing. This is achieved in that 19 pressure peaks are reduced by the elasticity present in the flow line. To protect against pressures that do not occur in normal operation, one or more elastic elements 39 are installed in the flow line 19.

Claims (9)

Kraftstoffanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Kraftstoffbehälter, mit einer darin angeordneten Kraftstoffpumpe, die Kraftstoff durch eine Vorlaufleitung über einen Filter in eine Einspritzleiste eines Motors fördert und mit einer Rücklaufleitung, durch die der vom Motor nicht benötigte Kraftstoff in den Kraftstoffbehälter zurückströmt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftstoff gefiltert einen Druckregler (12) beaufschlagt, der oberhalb eines vorbestimmten Grenzdruckes öffnet, so daß der nicht benötigte Kraftstoff über eine Rücklaufleitung (17, 9) in den Kraftstoffbehälter (2) fließen kann und daß nach dem Druckregler (12) in Richtung Motor ein Rückschlagventil (13) geschaltet ist.Fuel system for a motor vehicle with a fuel tank, with a fuel pump arranged therein, which delivers fuel through a feed line via a filter into an injection rail of an engine and with a return line through which the fuel not required by the engine flows back into the fuel tank,
characterized in that the fuel acts on a pressure regulator (12), which opens above a predetermined limit pressure, so that the fuel not required can flow via a return line (17, 9) into the fuel tank (2) and that after the pressure regulator (12 ) a check valve (13) is switched towards the engine. Kraftstoffanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Vorlaufleitung (19) mindestens ein elastisches Element (39) als Druckpuffer eingebaut ist.Fuel system according to claim 1,
characterized in that at least one elastic element (39) is installed as a pressure buffer in the flow line (19). Kraftstoffanlage nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit der Einspritzleiste (5) motorseitig eine Rücklaufleitung (14) verbunden ist, die zu einem Druckbegrenzungsventil (15) führt und daß das Druckbegrenzungsventil (15) an der dazu gegenüberliegenden Ausgangsseite an die Rücklaufleitungen (9, 17) angeschlossen ist.Fuel system according to claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that a return line (14), which leads to a pressure relief valve (15), is connected to the injection rail (5) on the motor side and that the pressure relief valve (15) is connected to the return lines (9, 17) on the opposite output side. Kraftstoffanlage nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Kraftstoffanlage (1, 1') verwendeten Ventile (13, 15), der Druckregler (12) und ggf. der Filter (11) in einem Bauteil integriert sind.Fuel system according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the valves (13, 15) used in the fuel system (1, 1 '), the pressure regulator (12) and possibly the filter (11) are integrated in one component. Kraftstoffanlage nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Ventilblock (20) ein Gehäuse (21) aufweist, das aus einer Vorlaufleitung (26), einer Rücklaufleitung (25) und einer die beiden Leitungen (25 und 26) verbindenden Leitung (17) besteht, wobei in die Vorlaufleitung (26) das Rückschlagventil (13) und in die Rücklaufleitung (25) das Druckbegrenzungsventil (15) eingebaut ist.Fuel system according to claim 4,
characterized in that a valve block (20) has a housing (21) which consists of a flow line (26), a return line (25) and a line (17) connecting the two lines (25 and 26), with the flow line (26) the check valve (13) and in the return line (25) the pressure relief valve (15) is installed. Kraftstoffanlage nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (21) des Ventilblockes (20) einen Anschluß (22) für den Druckregler (12) aufweist.Fuel system according to claim 5,
characterized in that the housing (21) of the valve block (20) has a connection (22) for the pressure regulator (12). Kraftstoffanlage nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Öffnungsdruck des motorseitigen Druckbegrenzungsventils (15) zum einen höher ist als der Systemdruck und andererseits niedriger ist als der Öffnungsdruck des pumpenseitigen Druckbegrenzungsventils (100).Fuel system according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the opening pressure of the motor-side pressure relief valve (15) is on the one hand higher than the system pressure and on the other hand is lower than the opening pressure of the pump-side pressure relief valve (100). Kraftstoffanlage nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das motorseitige Druckbegrenzungsventil (15) während des Betriebs des Motors (M) geschlossen ist und nur bei einer Systembefüllung oder bei einem entsprechenden Druck während der Nachheizphase im Stillstand des Motors (M) geöffnet ist.Fuel system according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the engine-side pressure relief valve (15) is closed during operation of the engine (M) and is only open when the system (M) is at a system filling or at a corresponding pressure during the reheating phase. Kraftstoffanlage nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ventilblock (20) im oder am Kraftstoffbehälter (2) angeordnet ist.Fuel system according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the valve block (20) is arranged in or on the fuel tank (2).
EP96112865A 1995-11-02 1996-08-09 Fuel system Expired - Lifetime EP0771946B1 (en)

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EP0771946B1 (en) 2000-11-02
ES2152462T3 (en) 2001-02-01
US5749345A (en) 1998-05-12
DE19540892A1 (en) 1997-05-07
DE59606086D1 (en) 2000-12-07

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