EP0748889A2 - Method for manufacturing a spacer knitwear and a spacer knitwear thus obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

To produce a spacer knit-goods, with variable local levels between facing ground fabrics, the material is produced on a warp knitter and especially a double rib knit Raschel, using two equidistant non-contoured needle bars. The neighbouring fabric sections (A-C) are assembled with the pile yarn segment (PA,PB,PC) lengths either equal to or greater than the gap between the needle bars. In adjacent fabric sections (A-C) with pile segments (PA,PB,PC) of different lengths, the ground fabric sections (G1A,G1B,G1C;G2A,G2B,G2C) hang directly together on one side of the needle bar as a closed material, and they do not hang directly together on the other side of the needle bar as an open fabric. Also claimed is a spacer knitted material with at least one pile catch yarn worked at the transits between ground fabric sections (G1A,G1B,G1C;G2A,G2B,G2C) with different pile segment lengths, at the edge of the open ground fabric side. It is bonded into the ground fabric (G1,G2) of the sections (A-C) with the shorter pile yarn segments (PA,PB,PC) at a gap in each of at least one row of stitches. At least one pile yarn segment (PA,PB,PC) is between the bonding points, from at least one row of stitches of the sections (A-C) with the longer pile yarn segments (PA,PB,PC), looped round.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a spacer knitted fabric on a warp knitting machine, in particular on a right / right double rustling machine.

The production of spacer textiles on warp knitting machines, in particular Raschel machines, is well known. In general, spacer fabrics are understood to mean a textile fabric which consists of two flat, equidistant, patterned or unpatterned basic product surfaces, between which pile threads (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) extend in both basic products. Spacer fabrics of this type are already used in a variety of ways.

It is also known to produce spacer fabrics in which one basic fabric is worked continuously, while the other basic fabric is band-shaped and thus the continuous basic fabric is only worked in certain areas opposite.

Finally, it is known from DE-OS 31 40 826 to produce spacer fabrics in which the cover surfaces (basic goods) are connected to one another during the process with different local distances from one another by means of a connecting thread system. In this way, z. B. structures with band-shaped sections of different thickness, so that u.a. U or L-shaped cross sections can be realized. Structures of this type could be produced in accordance with DE-OS 31 40 826 on a warp knitting machine with a continuous needle bar and a needle bar contoured accordingly to the later knitted structure.

Such a machine arrangement is associated with considerable effort. This is already evident in the manufacture, which is more complex than that Production of a machine with two continuous needle bars. On the other hand, a spacer fabric can only be produced with a machine constructed in this way in the structure determined by the contour of the segmented needle bar. An intended change in the cross-section of the spacer fabric is inevitably associated with a complex and expensive retrofitting of the machine.

The invention is therefore based on the object of producing spacer fabrics with different local spacing of the basic goods regardless of the configuration of the knitting machine used for the production.

This object is achieved with the method according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Claims 2 to 12 contain advantageous embodiments of this method.

In addition, claims 13 and 14 disclose inventive features of a product processed according to the method.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The associated drawings show different variants of the feasibility of the method according to the invention in FIGS. 1.1-12.2. Part X.1 shows a schematic representation of the position of base goods and pile thread segments with respect to the two needle bars of the warp knitting machine used to carry out the method, the direction of view corresponding to the direction of extension of the goods, while part X.2 shows a representation of processed goods from sub-figure X.1 after deformation to a contoured spacer goods.

The method according to the invention includes the production of a contoured, ie with zones with locally different, essential features Distance of the basic goods provided spacer knitted fabric on two equidistant, uncontoured needle bars, which are specially equipped with latch needles set in needle lead in a Raschel machine. Laying rails are used in the conventional manner for laying warp and pile threads and possibly also partial weft threads. These elements described so far have not been included in the drawings because of the sufficient familiarity and the clarity of the representation.

1.1 shows a relatively simple variant of a knitted spacer fabric that can be produced using the method according to the invention. It is divided into two different sections A and B. On the upper needle bar in the drawing (which is identified in the following by the leading index 1), a basic product G _{1 is} worked, the sections G _1A and G _{1B of} which are connected to one another (closed basic product) and which consequently extend over the two without interruption Sections A and B extends. However, in the two sections A and B, separate basic goods sections G _2A and G _2B (open basic goods) are produced on the lower needle bar in the drawing (hereinafter marked with the leading index 2).

A first embodiment variant of the method according to the invention now provides that in section A the basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A face each other directly, while in section B the basic goods section G _{2B is} laterally offset from the basic goods section G _1B . In a known manner, pile threads are laid between the basic goods sections with the aid of laying rails which oscillate back and forth between the needle bars and are integrated into the two basic goods. In section A, since the basic goods sections G _1A and G _1B are just opposite one another, the pile threads P _A and P _B extend approximately perpendicular to the basic goods sections. The length I _{A of} the pile thread segments P _A thus corresponds to the distance a of the needle bars. In In the claims, such a section is also referred to as a "short pole section". In section B, on the other hand, the length I _{B of} the pile thread segments P _B exceeds the distance a of the needle bars by an amount which can easily be determined from the Pythagorean theorem. The greater the lateral offset of the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B , the greater it is. Such a section also bears the designation "long-pole section" in the claims.

In a further embodiment, the method according to the invention provides for the fabric, which has been worked with equidistant basic fabric sections up to the phase described above, to be formed into a spacer knitted fabric in the actual sense, ie with a locally different spacing of the basic fabrics. In the present example, this takes place in that the congruence is established between the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B and then the pile thread segments P _B likewise extend approximately perpendicularly between the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B . This creates a profile height in section B that exceeds that in section A by the amount I _B -I _A. The resulting knitted spacer fabric has an L-shaped cross section.

The knitted spacer fabric in the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2 is divided into three sections A, B, and C analogously to the example described above. The basic goods sections G _1A , G _1B and G _1C are in turn connected to one another and form a closed basic product. The basic goods sections G _2A , G _2B and G _2C, on the other hand, form an open basic product. The characteristic difference, for example according to FIGS. 1.1 and 1.2, is that the basic goods sections G _2A and G _{2C are} offset in different directions, but by the same amount, from the basic goods sections G _1A and G _1C . The result of this is that different laying rails are used to lay the pile thread segments P _A , P _B and P _C. The reshaping of the In this example, the knitted fabric for the knitted spacer fabric leads to an isosceles U profile (FIG. 2.2).

This embodiment of the method is further varied in the example according to FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2, in that the basic goods section G _2A is offset by a different amount from the basic goods section G _1A than the basic goods section G _2C from the basic goods section G _1C . The result after forming is a spacer knit with an unequal leg U-profile.

Another possible embodiment variant is shown in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2. The goods shown here also have three sections A, B and C. Here, however, the basic goods sections G _1B and G _1C or G _2A and G _2B are connected to one another and form a closed basic product, while between the basic goods sections G _1A and G _1B and G _2B and G _{2C are} not connected. In addition, the lateral offset of the basic goods sections G _2A compared to G _2B and G _2C compared to G _{1C was} chosen differently, which in turn means that the pile threads P _A , P _B and P _{C are laid} by three laying rails which can be displaced independently of one another. The spacer fabric that is formed after the fabric has been formed has a Z-shaped profile with legs of unequal length.

A further possible variation of the method according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5.1 to 6.2. While pile thread segments were always integrated into the basic fabric sections in the previous examples, the invention also provides that sections G _1A to G _2C covered with pile threads can also be connected in any manner to the later use of the spacer knitted fabric also non-pile basic fabric sections. 5.1 and 5.2, these are the pole-free basic goods sections GPF ₁ , GPF ₂ and GPF ₃ . While the pole-free basic goods sections GPF ₁ and GPF _{2 are} directly on the side connect to the basic goods section G _2A , the non-polar basic goods section on the opposite goods side is connected to the basic goods section G _1B . The invention now provides that after the previously described shaping of the goods into a contoured spacer knitted fabric, the pile-free base fabric sections GPF ₁ to GPF _{3 are placed} on the side flanks of base fabric sections covered with pile threads (FIG. 5.2). In this example, the non-pile base material section GPF ₁ covers the left side flank of the pile threads P _A of section A, while the non-pile base fabric section GPF ₂ covers the left flank of the pile threads P _B of section A which exceeds section A. The non-pile basic goods section GPF _3, however, covers the entire free right flank of the pile threads P _B of section B.

This example undergoes a further variation in FIGS. 6.1 and 6.2. The goods shown here contain a pole-free basic goods section GPF ₂ , which extends between the basic goods sections G _2A and G _2B , which would normally form an open basic product, and is also connected to these. In the further processing of the goods in the sense of the invention, this means that the pile-free basic goods section GPF ₂ , in order to be able to cover the left free flank of the pile threads P _B in section B smoothly, into the space between the pile threads P _A and P _{B of} the sections A and B must be inserted in the form of a loop (Fig.6.2). The pole-free basic goods section GPF ₁ is operated in the manner described above.

All previously described variations of the method according to the invention are characterized in that in the long pole sections the pile threads are laid directly between the needles of the opposite needle bars which incorporate them, which is why this laying is also to be referred to as "direct laying".

In contrast, the invention also opens up the possibility of "indirect laying". This is characterized by the fact that the pile threads, after they have been integrated on a basic product side, are not led through their laying rails directly to the needles of the opposite needle bars that bind them, but are first laid with a certain lateral offset to the last binding point over thread holding elements that do not form a stitch, and only then via the needle that binds it into the opposite basic fabric. Such holding elements can, for example, be free needles that are not involved in the manufacture of the basic goods, which, after being considered by a pile thread, initially take them over the needle tongue over the needle tongue during the subsequent shoot, forming a handle, but none in the subsequent cycle of action due to lack of consideration with another thread Can form a stitch and consequently throw off the pile thread loop formed again. In this context, it is fundamentally irrelevant whether the non-stitch-forming thread holding elements are on the side of the last integration of the pile threads in the base fabric or on the opposite side of the base fabric. However, the latter possibility can be realized more advantageously.

7.1 to 11.2 illustrate embodiments of the method according to the invention with "indirect laying". 7.1 shows, in addition to the above explanations, a further essential feature of "indirect laying": the corresponding basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A and G _1B are located in short pole sections (here section A) and in long pole sections (here section B) and G _2B opposite each other. In the long-pole section B, the pile threads P _B , after they were last integrated in the basic goods section G _2B , are placed over thread-holding elements on the side of the needle bar on which the basic goods G _{1 are} worked. After that, the pile thread guide first moves, following the working regime of a double-rake machine, back to the other needle bar with the basic goods G ₂ , but does not consider it there and then returns to the needle bar with the basic goods G ₁ to insert the pile threads P _B there into the corresponding needles with the aim of integration into the basic goods section G _1B . In this way, the pile threads P _B are laid between the base fabric sections G _1B and G _2B with a "thread reserve", ie the length I _{B of} the pile threads P _B is greater than the distance a of the needle bars. The size of the thread reserve depends directly on how large the lateral offset of the thread holding elements relative to the needles in the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B is. In the subsequent cycle of action, the processes described take place in a mirror image between the two needle bars.

The forming of the knitted fabric into a contoured spacer fabric according to the invention takes place with indirect laying in that the distance between the basic fabric sections in the long pole section B is increased beyond the distance a until the thread reserve of the pile threads P _B is used up and this is a stretched position take in.

FIGS. 8.1 and 8.2 show an application of indirect laying analogously to the example according to FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2. The short-pole section B is followed on both sides by long-pole sections A and C, in which the lateral offset of the pile threads P _A and P _C takes place in opposite directions to one another in order to generate the thread reserve. In this case, the spacer goods produced according to the invention in turn have an isosceles, U-shaped cross section. Analogously to the example in FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2, a different length of the legs can also be produced by a different width offset of the pile threads P _A and P _B.

Figures 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate that indirect laying opens up possibilities beyond direct laying. Here is the Goods from two short-pole sections A and C, which enclose a long-pole section B between them. In this example, the pile threads P _B are temporarily placed in the manner described above over thread holding elements, which in turn are located outside the section C. The basic prerequisite for this, however, is that the pile threads P _B each extend between two rows of pile threads P _C without looping around them, in order not to prevent the subsequent stretching of the pile threads P _B when the goods are formed into the contoured spacer fabric with a T-shaped cross section. However, this can be easily ensured by laying pile threads P _C at most in every second row, at least in section C, while the pile threads P _B are worked into the rows which are then left free.

However, the invention is with reference to FIG. 9.1. and 9.2 is not limited to the fact that the thread holding elements must be located outside the adjacent basic goods section. As shown in Fig. 10.1, there is also the possibility of temporarily placing pile threads P _B belonging to a long-pole section B over thread-holding elements which, for. T. or only within the adjacent short pole section C. For example, needles located in section C that are not involved in the formation of the basic goods in this section can be used for this purpose. In this example too, the finished spacer has a T-shaped cross-section (Fig. 10.2).

11.1 and 11.2 show the application of indirect laying to a spacer fabric in which the free flanks of pile threads P _A and P _{C are covered} by pile thread-free basic fabric sections GPF ₁ to GPF ₄ . Furthermore, both basic goods G ₁ and G _{2 are designed} as closed basic goods. This construction makes it possible to form the contoured spaced goods in such a way that both basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A or G _1C and G _2C from the through the basic goods sections G _1B and G _2B in the short-pole section B are lifted out until the pile threads P _A and P _B reach full extension. This creates a spacer with a double T-shaped profile.

A further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 12.1 and 12.2. It makes it possible to create a mechanical connection between adjacent sections of different pile thread lengths, which leads to a particularly good cohesion also being produced in the finished, contoured spacer knitted fabric between these two adjacent sections. A so-called pile thread PF is used for this. This is preferably placed only over the outermost needle of section B with the shorter length of pile threads P _B and thus also preferably only integrated into the outer wale M facing section A with the longer pile threads P _A. Between two tie-in points, which do not necessarily have to lie in two successive rows of stitches, a separate laying rail guiding the pile thread PF underlies the area A with the longer pile threads P _A under at least one needle of this section A and remains in the area of this for so long Nadelgasse until at least one row of pile threads P _{A was} laid and integrated into the corresponding basic goods sections G _1A and G _2A . Only then is the pile thread PF tied back into the wale M without excess length and thus wraps around a series of pile threads P _A in section A. When the goods are subsequently contoured, the pile threads P _A thus "caught" are pulled through the loop formed by the pile thread PF and held by the latter also close to the edge of section B. The introduction of such a pile thread is also possible between two adjacent long pole sections.

The invention is not limited by the examples described here. For example, in addition to the profiles described (T, U, Z, L, double T profile), other profile shapes are conceivable and can be produced. However, the profiles described represent the main forms of application that can be derived from the commercially available profiles of steel girders.

It is also possible to change the length of the pile thread segments integrated in the long pole sections between the base fabric sections even during the knitting process, in extreme cases from row of stitches to row of stitches. Then z. B. contours with increasing and decreasing thickness or reinforced or weakened contours to certain lengths.

It is also possible to lay pile threads only in every mth row of stitches and in every nth wale, so that the density or distribution of the pile threads in the sections can also be influenced in a targeted manner.

List of the reference symbols used

A

section

B

section

C.

section

G ₁

Basic goods

G ₂

Basic goods

G _1A

Basic goods section

G _1B

Basic goods section

G _1C

Basic goods section

G _2A

Basic goods section

G _2B

Basic goods section

G _2C

Basic goods section

GPF ₁

non-pile basic goods section

GPF ₂

non-pile basic goods section

GPF ₃

non-pile basic goods section

GPF ₄

non-pile basic goods section

M

Wales

P _A

Pile thread

P _B

Pile thread

P _C

Pile thread

PF

Pile thread

a

Distance of the needle bars

I _A

Length of pile threads

I _B

Length of pile threads

Claims (14)

Process for the production of a spacer knitted fabric which has basic goods (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) facing each other at different local distances, by producing the basic goods (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) and integrating them on both sides between the basic goods (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) Pole thread systems, characterized in that the spacer knitted fabric is worked on two equidistant, uncontoured needle bars of a warp knitting machine, in particular a right / right double rustling machine, in that it is composed of any adjacent sections (A; B; C) in which the length of the pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) is either the same (short pole section) or greater (long pole section) than the distance (a) of the needle bars, and that in adjacent sections (A; B; C) with differently long pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) on a needle bar side the pile thread-carrying basic goods sections (G _1A ; G _1B; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) are directly connected end (closed basic fabric) and on the opposite needle bar side the pile thread-carrying basic fabric sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) are not directly connected (open basic goods). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that in long pole sections the pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) are integrated into sections of the base goods, one of which adjoins and is connected to a short pole section, but the other in the direction of extension of the needle bars is laterally offset. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in long-pole sections, the pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) are integrated into mutually opposite sections of the basic goods (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) by first over compared to the basic goods (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) stitch-forming elements working laterally offset in the direction of extension of the needle bars, no stitch-forming thread-holding elements and then placed over the stitch-forming elements of the opposite needle bar working the basic fabric (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) and there in the basic fabric (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) are involved. Method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that basic goods sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) with integrated pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) Connect GPF ₁ ; GPF ₂ ; GPF ₃ ; GPF ₄ ). A method according to claim 4, characterized in that non-pile basic fabric sections (GPF ₁ ; GPF ₂ ; GPF ₃ ; GPF ₄ ) which are located between two basic fabric sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) extend bound pile threads, are connected to bound pile threads at least with an adjacent basic goods section (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ). Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the lateral offset of the basic goods section (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) is changed during the knitting process. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the width of the laying is changed during the knitting process by means of thread holding elements which do not form stitches. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one pile thread is incorporated in the transition between basic goods sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) with differently long pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) will that in the edge the basic fabric (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) of the section (A; B; C) with the shorter pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) is bound at a distance of at least one stitch row each and at least one pile thread segment ( P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) from at least one stitch row of section (A; B; C) with the longer pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) looped around. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that after the end of the knitting process from sections (A; B; C) with longer pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) over sections (A; B; C) with shorter pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) raised contours are generated. Method according to claims 1, 2 and 9, characterized in that the raised structures are produced by sections (A; B; C) with pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ), the length of which exceeds the distance between the needle bars , the laterally offset basic goods sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) are made to coincide with each other. Method according to claims 1, 3 and 9, characterized in that the raised structures are produced by sections (A; B; C) with pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ), the length of which exceeds the distance between the needle bars , the distance between the opposing basic goods sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) is increased until the pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) are completely stretched. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that pile-free basic goods sections (GPF ₁ ; GPF ₂ ; GPF ₃ ; GPF ₄ ) are covered with pile threads on the side flanks Basic goods sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) are created. Spacer knitwear, consisting of mutually opposed basic goods (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) with different local spacing from one another and on both sides extending between the basic goods (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) and integrated in these pile thread systems, characterized in that at the transitions between basic goods sections (G _1A ; G _1B ; G _1C ; G _2A ; G _2B ; G _2C ) with different lengths of pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) at least one pile thread is worked into the edge of the open base fabric side, which thread is in the base fabric (G ₁ ; G ₂ ) of the section (A; B; C) with the shorter pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) is bound at a distance of at least one stitch row each and at least one pile thread segment (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) from at least one stitch row of section (A; B; C) with the longer pile thread segments (P _A ; P _B ; P _C ) looped around. Spacer knitwear, consisting of mutually opposing basic goods with different local spacing from one another and on both sides between the basic goods extending and incorporated in these pile thread systems, characterized in that side flanks of basic fabric sections covered with pile threads (G1A; G1B; G1C; G2A; G2B; G2C) by non-pile Basic goods sections (GPF1; GPF2; GPF3; GPF4) are covered.

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