EP0741531B1 - Sunshade - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH95/00009 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 19, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 19, 1996 PCT Filed Jan. 13, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/23532 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 8, 1995A standing umbrella has a mast on which the inner end of an outwardly and inwardly movable carrier beam is guided with the outer end of the beam carrying an umbrella stick of a collapsible umbrella and with the carrier beam being held by a connecting strut linkedly arranged between the upper end of the mast the carrier beam. A drive mechanism shifts the inner end of the carrier beam along the length of the mast and the mast has two guide tracks spaced from one another and so profiled that guide elements running there along and carried by the inner end of the mast are held by the shape of the tracks against movement transversely to the direction in which the inner end of the carrier beam is shifted; and the drive mechanism for shifting the inner end of the carrier beam and a drive mechanism for opening and closing the umbrella are so combined with one another that they operate simultaneously in common.

Description

The invention relates to a parachute according to the preamble of claim 1.

A parachute of the type mentioned is, for example known from EP-PS 0 387 965. With this parachute through the inner end of an extendable and retractable boom a long slot in the mast inside and with a drive device connected, which consists of a circulating member exists, which is driven by means of a hand crank drive becomes. A pulling element serves to open the screen or a pull rope, which on the mast facing inner end is firmly connected to the hurry. From there the traction element runs to and through the hollow boom to its outer end, where the traction element against you upper hollow umbrella stick is deflected. The train organ is on its outer end with another lower umbrella stick connected, at the lower end articulated support struts are, which in turn are articulated with roof poles, those in the upper area of the upper umbrella stick on a crown are articulated. When extending the boom by pushing it up the inner end of the boom becomes the traction element automatically pulled against the mast, causing the lower Umbrella stick part telescopically in the upper umbrella stick part retracts and the screen is opened. The lower part of the umbrella stick then reaches the area above the crown an articulated connection between the upper umbrella stick and the boom, thereby locking this articulation.

This parachute has the disadvantages that the Mast is weakened by the long guide slot, causing its bending and torsional stiffness are reduced so that on the one hand a risk of kinking and on the other hand the danger of Twisting in wind loads exist. It is also Pulling element for opening and closing the screen is freely accessible on the outside of the mast so that there is a risk of Is exposed to damage. It is also an oblique position the screen is not possible by adjusting the arm, because the boom is always full to open the glider must be extended.

The object of the invention is to provide a parachute mentioned type to improve further.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing Features of claim 1.

By the two described according to claim 1 at a distance of profiled guideways arranged for each other guide elements arranged at the inner end of the boom the lateral rigidity of the boom on the mast is improved, so that the boom and thus the parachute are more resistant against wind loads.

By the combination of the provided according to claim 8 Boom drive device for moving the inner End of the boom and the screen drive device results improved and more reliable drive of the parachute, the still different design options allows.

Advantageous embodiments of the parachute are in the Claims 2 to 17 described.

The mast can consist of a full profile, more advantageous is, however, the training according to claim 2. The closed Hollow cross section not only provides good bending and torsional rigidity, but results in a weight saving also on the possibility of drive and / or control elements within to accommodate the mast. The latter is to protect the Components and / or advantageous for aesthetic reasons

The result for the designs of the guideways various possibilities. So the guideways for example, be open roller or slideways on which the guide elements with a cuff around the haste are held. There are also dovetail guides possible. However, an embodiment is particularly preferred according to claim 3.

Also for the design of the hollow profile cross section Different profile shapes are possible, for example a round profile with flats on the guideways or a polygonal profile, the design according to Claim 4 is particularly preferred.

In its simplest form, the inner end of the boom can be used directly wear a guide element, but one is more advantageous Design according to claim 5, whereby the stability and the Guiding properties of the boom on the mast are improved.

This results in the design of the drive devices various possibilities. Claim 6 describes one particularly simple design of the boom drive device, on the one hand the mast cross section as little as possible weakens and on the other hand optimal protection for the circulatory organ gives.

Training according to claim is also particularly advantageous 7, because of the inclination of the mast backwards the arrangement can be made so that the focus of the closed screen over the anchorage area of the Mastes comes on the ground. This has the advantage that the tilting moment of the parachute in the closed state is as small as possible. In addition, the application of the screen supported against the mast and thus falling apart of the closed screen prevented. The inclination of the Mastes also improve the appearance of the parachute both in closed and open condition and concealed a possible bending of the mast with the screen open.

The umbrella drive device can have its own drive, for example your own hand crank or one be equipped with your own engine, but it is advantageous Training according to the invention according to claim 8, according to which Umbrella drive device with the boom drive device is combined.

An expedient embodiment of the boom drive device describes claim 9 and its particularly advantageous Further training is described in claim 10. Means The spindle can be adjusted depending on the thread pitch optimally set the required driving forces and / or on the other hand achieve self-locking of the thread, thereby dispensing with brakes and the like can.

For the formation of the umbrella drive device result different options. A particularly beneficial one Training is defined in claim 11, on the one hand an optically not disturbing and on the other hand against damage protected guidance of the traction element enables. Here can the traction element according to claim 12 directly with the circulating element be coupled or indirectly, for example by a drive member common to the rotating member and the pulling member connected.

Claim 13 describes a preferred further development of the Standschirmes, which makes it possible with the umbrella open To adjust the outrigger to thereby adjust the position of the screen change, for example adapting to changing sun positions. An advantageous embodiment of the detachable device Locking the tension member is described in claim 14.

A further development of the parachute is particularly advantageous according to claim 15, the opening and tensioning of the screen improved. A particularly simple solution to the compensation device is included in claim 16.

For swiveling arrangement and locking of the screen on There are many different ends of the boom Options. Claim 17 describes one in particular simple solution.

Figur 1

Einen Standschirm in geöffnetem Zustand, in Seitenansicht und teilweise geschnitten;

Figur 2

den Standschirm der Figur 1 in geschlossener Stellung und mit abgenommener Dachhaut, in Seitenansicht und teilweise geschnitten;

Figur 3

den Mast des Standschirmes im Ausschnitt, im Längsschnitt und in grösserem Massstab;

Figur 4

den Mast der Figur 3 im Schnitt IV-IV der Figur 3;

Figur 5

das Hohlprofil des Mastes im Detail;

Figur 6

die Anschlussstelle der Verbindungsstrebe am Ausleger, teilweise geschnitten und in grösserem Massstab;

Figur 7

den am Ausleger angeordneten Schirm im Ausschnitt, teilweise geschnitten und in grösserem Massstab;

Figur 8

den Mast eines weiteren Standschirmes, im Ausschnitt und im Längsschnitt;

Figur 9

eine Arretiervorrichtung gemäss dem Schnitt IX-IX der Figur 8; und

Figur 10 bis 12

weitere Hohlprofile für einen Masten, im Ausschnitt.

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive parachute are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1

A parachute in the open state, in side view and partially cut;

Figure 2

the parachute of Figure 1 in the closed position and with the roof skin removed, in a side view and partially cut;

Figure 3

the mast of the parachute in the cutout, in the longitudinal section and on a larger scale;

Figure 4

the mast of Figure 3 in section IV-IV of Figure 3;

Figure 5

the hollow profile of the mast in detail;

Figure 6

the connection point of the connecting strut on the boom, partially cut and on a larger scale;

Figure 7

the umbrella arranged on the arm in the cut-out, partially cut and on a larger scale;

Figure 8

the mast of another parachute, in the cutout and in the longitudinal section;

Figure 9

a locking device according to section IX-IX of Figure 8; and

Figure 10 to 12

additional hollow profiles for a mast, in the cutout.

The overall view in FIGS. 1 and 2 and in the figures 3 to 7 stand screen shown in detail has a stand 2, which can be anchored directly or indirectly to the floor 4 Mast 6 contains. The mast is preferably 7 ° arranged so that the center of gravity of the closed parachute according to Figure 2 above the Anchoring point of the mast is located on the floor. On the mast 6 the inner end 8 of a boom 10 is supported, the outer end 12 carries a screen 14. Between the boom 10 and the upper end 16 of the mast 6 is a connecting strut 18 each articulated. One arranged in the mast 6 Boom drive device 20 is with a guide element 22 connected to the inner end 8 of the boom 10 in order to move this end up and down along the mast to the boom on the one hand in the extended shown in Figure 1 Position and on the other hand in the retracted in Figure 2 Move position and any intermediate positions. This Movements are like opening and closing the umbrella possible without disabilities by tables and chairs.

The standing umbrella also contains an umbrella drive device 24, which has a traction element 26, the interior End 28 ends within the mast 6. It runs from there Traction element 26 via a deflection element 30 at the upper end of the mast 6 in and through the connecting strut 18 (Figure 3) via a deflection element 32 on the joint 34 between the connecting strut 18 and the boom 10 (Figure 6) in the latter and through the boom 10 to the front end thereof. Another deflection member 36 guides the tension member 26 through Inside of a hollow umbrella stick 38 to a mandrel 40, the is arranged below the umbrella stick 38 as in particular emerges from Figure 7. The mandrel 40 carries a rosette 42, are hinged to the support struts 44, which in turn are articulated are connected to roof bars 46, which on their inner end are articulated to a crown 48 which is fixed in the upper area of the umbrella pole 38. The Roof poles 46 carry a roof skin 50 of the screen. Of the Umbrella stick 38 is above crown 48 at one point of the boom 10 eccentrically arranged pivot axis 52 pivoted, the umbrella stick about the Eccentricity e of the pivot axis 52 to the boom axis 54 is extended and at its upper end a deflection roller 56 carries over which the tension member 26 is guided. The boom 10 itself also carries a pulley 58, via which Pull member 26 runs. Both guide rollers 56, 58 form together the above-mentioned deflection member 36. With the tension member released 26 the umbrella takes the folded one shown in FIG Position. When the pulling member 26 is tightened, it moves Mandrel 40 against the lower end of the umbrella stick 38 and stands there, whereby the support struts 44 the roof rods 46 in spread the open position of the umbrella and at the same time the umbrella stick 38 is pivoted about the pivot axis 52, until the upper end of the umbrella stick 38 on the boom 10 is present and held there by tension in the tension member becomes. The position of the Screen 14 can be adjusted with respect to the stand 2.

Figures 3 to 5 show details of the hollow profile of the Mast 6 and the support and drive of the interior End 8 of the boom 10 on the mast 6. The mast 6 has a closed hollow profile 62 with a square cross section on. On one side of the hollow profile are two with Guide tracks 64, 66 arranged at a distance d from one another arranged, engage in each of the guide elements 22. Each guideway 64, 66 contains at the guiding level and guide grooves 64a oriented transversely to the guide direction, 64b and 66a, 66b that oppose each other point from each other. The management elements consist of present case from guide rollers 68a, 68b and 70a, 70b, lying one behind the other in the guideways 64, 66 are arranged and on a guide carriage 72 are stored, which has two cheeks 74, 76 between which the inner end 8 of the boom 10 on a bolt 78th is pivotally mounted. The guide carriage 72 has a first foot part 80a for receiving the guide rollers 68a and 70a and a second foot part 80b for receiving the further guide rollers 68b and 70b, with the foot parts 80a, 80b connected to one another via an adjusting screw 82 are for tensioning the circulatory organ described later 84 of the boom drive device 20 is used.

The boom drive device 20 already contains this mentioned circulation element 84, which has outer ends 86a, 86b on the foot parts 80a and 80b of the guide carriage 72 are connected. The circulating member 84, for example in The present case is a circulating rope is in a guideway 66 guided along the mast and passes through an upper one Deflection roller 88 and through opening 90 into the interior of the mast 6. At the lower end, the redirection is done analogously by a Deflection roller 92 and a further through opening 94 in Cross section of the mast. The inner ends 86a, 86b of the circulating member 84 are fixed to a threaded nut 98, which on a spindle 100 is arranged. The spindle is driven from a via a braking device 101, such as a spin brake, not shown, and a Gear 102 connected electric motor 104. One such Drive unit is described in more detail in WO 92/14377. The Threads of the spindle 100 and / or the gear 102 can also be designed so that they are self-locking, so that a braking device is not required. Instead of or in addition to the electric motor 104, the boom drive device still equipped with a removable hand crank 106 be.

The umbrella drive device 24 and the boom drive device 20 are combined so that when the boom drive device 20 is actuated as well the umbrella drive device 24 is actuated, which means that when extending the boom 10 at the same time Screen 14 is opened or when retracting the Boom 10 the screen 14 is closed at the same time. The Combination of the drives takes place in such a way that inner end 28 of the tension member 26 via a driver device 108 is connected to the threaded nut 98, on which also the circulation element 84 of the boom drive device 20 is connected is.

FIG. 8 shows details of a boom drive device 20a and a screen drive device 24a of another Umbrella in the cutout, with the previous embodiment identical features with the same reference numerals are provided. The boom drive device 20a includes again a circulating element 110 in the form of a chain, which on upper mast part around a deflection roller 112 and a through opening 114 is guided to the outside of the mast 6 and by means of the ends 116a and 116b on the guide carriage 72 is attached. A lower pulley 118 is a gear trained with built-in braking device 119 and serves at the same time as a driving role, for example by a Hand crank 120 is drivable. The orbital element 110 is also on the lower deflection roller 118 via a through opening 114 led outside.

A pulling element 122 of the umbrella drive device 24a is over a driver device 124 with the circulating member 110 directly coupled. The umbrella drive device 24a also has a releasable locking device 126 that uncouples of the traction member of the rotating member 110 allowed when the screen is open. For this purpose, the tension member 122 contains on its inner end of a stop 128, which on the driver device 124 is pending, namely on the screen facing away from the screen Page. The traction element itself is in a bore 130 Driver device 124 slidably guided. The stop is extended downwards and bears on its facing away from the screen End a locking member 132 that with one on the mast arranged insertable latch 133 can be fixed. Of the Bolt 133 consists of one arranged inside the mast 6 Plate containing slots 134 through the bolts 135 grip, which the bar or the plate slidably hold on a support 136 of the mast 6. The bar contains a fork-like part 137, which is inserted in a Exemption of bolt 133 the passage of the Locking member 132 releases and in the in Figures 8 and 9 shown extended locking position the locking member locks. An inclined ramp surface 138 in the area of the fork-like Part 137 of the bolt 133 is used to push back of bolt 133 into the exemption. The locking member 132 can thus when opening the screen over the ramp 138 the bolt 133 from the locked position to the release displace and thereby the passage into its locking position free. One reaching to the outside of the mast Handle 139 is used to move the bolt 133 and thus to lock or release the locking member 132. Zum Locking of the open screen is thus the bolt 133 brought into the locked position on mast 6 and engages behind it Locking member 132 with its fork-like part 137, so that when moving the rotating member 110 by means of the hand crank 120 the stop 128 is released from the driver device 124 and the driver device 124 by means of the bore 130 slides over the tension member 122. This allows the inner End 8 of the boom 10 can be moved without the The umbrella closes, which also means the position of the umbrella is changed and, for example, a flatter solar radiation can be customized.

The screen of Figures 8 and 9 is further with a compensation device 140 equipped to tension or length changes of the tension member 122 due to the changing loop lengths on the pulleys, especially on the Deflection roller 32 of the joint 34, at different angular positions to compensate for the boom 10. The compensation device 140 is formed by a roller system, which in the articulation area of the connecting strut 142 on a pivot axis 146 is arranged at the upper end of the mast 106. For this purpose, the pivot axis 146 carries a deflection roller 148, which Auxiliary roles 150, 152 are assigned. The first auxiliary role 150 is arranged on the mast 6 and deflects the traction element 122 the underside of the pulley 148 so that this from below is wrapped, the second auxiliary roller 152 on the Connecting strut 142 is arranged and the traction element of the Underside of the deflection roller 148 into the interior of the connecting strut redirects. With this arrangement the wrap angle of the tension member 122 on the deflection roller 148 with increasing Spread out the boom 10 larger so that changes in length of the traction element, which is caused by reduced wrap angles are given on the other pulleys, be balanced. Reduced when swinging the boom the wrap of the tension member 122 on the pulley 148 and thus releases lengths of the traction element, which for the increasing wrap on the other pulleys on Booms are needed. In the present case, the diameter the deflection roller 148 selected so that the looping route change is the same size as the change in Looping distance on the deflection roller 32 of the joint 34, with which the link 142 is connected to the boom 10 is.

FIGS. 10 to 12 show alternative configurations of the Hollow cross section of the mast 6. In Figure 10 are two guideways 154, 156 of the mast 6a by two against each other directional C-shaped profile parts formed against each other have directed grooves 162,164 around a guide element 166 of a boom. 11 shows the mast 6b two outer guideways 168, 170, which pass through guide grooves 172, 174 pointing away from one another are formed, and into the outside guide elements 176, 178 of the inner one Intervene at the end of the boom. The mast 6c of Figure 12 is octagonal in shape and points diametrically opposite Sides in trough-shaped guideways 180, 182 into which Guide elements 184,186 engage through a cuff-like Ring 188 are connected to each other, the Mast 6c surrounds.

Numerous further exemplary embodiments are possible, in particular are elements of the present exemplary embodiments interchangeable and expandable.

REFERENCE SIGN LIST

d

distance

e

eccentricity

2nd

Stand

4th

ground

6

mast

6a

mast

6b

mast

6c

mast

8th

inner end v. 10th

10th

boom

12th

outer end of 10th

14

umbrella

16

upper end of 6

18th

Connecting strut

20th

Boom drive device

20a

Boom drive device

22

Guide element

24th

Umbrella drive device

24a

Umbrella drive device

26

Tension member

28

inner end v. 26

30th

Deflector

32

Deflector

34

joint

36

Deflector

38

Umbrella stick

40

mandrel

42

rosette

44

Support strut

46

Roof pole

48

Crown

50

Roof skin

52

Swivel axis

54

Cantilever axis

56

Pulley

58

Pulley

60

Set screw

62

Hollow profile

64

Guideway

64a

Guide groove

64b

Guide groove

66

Guideway

66a

Guide groove

66b

Guide groove

68a

Leadership role

68b

Leadership role

70a

Leadership role

70b

Leadership role

72

Guide carriage

74

cheek

76

cheek

78

bolt

80a

Foot part

80b

Foot part

82

Set screw

84

Circulatory organ

86a

outer end of 84

86b

outer end of 84

88

Pulley

90

Through opening

92

Pulley

94

Through opening

96a

inner end of 84

96b

inner end of 84

98

Thread nut

100

spindle

101

Braking device

102

transmission

104

Electric motor

106

Hand crank

108

Driver device

110

Circulatory organ

112

Pulley

114

Through opening

116a

The End

116b

The End

118

Pulley

119

Braking device

120

Hand crank

122

Tension member

124

Driver device

126

Locking device

128

attack

130

drilling

132

Locking member

133

bars

134

Long hole

135

Bolts

136

carrier

137

fork-like part

138

Ramp area

139

Handle

140

Compensation device

142

Connecting strut

146

Swivel axis

148

Pulley

150

Auxiliary role

152

Auxiliary role

154

Guideway

156

Guideway

158

C-shaped profile part

160

C-shaped profile part

162

Guide groove

164

Guide groove

166

Guide element

168

Guideway

170

Guideway

172

Guide groove

174

Guide groove

176

Guide element

178

Guide element

180

Guideway

182

Guideway

184

Guide element

186

Guide element

188

cuff-like ring

Claims (17)

1. Sunshade having a support (2), along the mast of which (6,6a,6b,6c) the inner end (8) of an extensible and retractable support arm (10) is guided by means of guiding elements, said support arm carrying at its outer end (12) an umbrella post (38) of a folding canopy (14) and being articulately held by means of a connecting strut (18,142) arranged between the support arm (10) and the upper end of the mast (6,6a,6b,6c), and having driving devices (20,20a,24,24a) for displacing the inner end (8) of the support arm (10) as well as for opening and closing the canopy (14), characterized in that the mast (6,6a, 6b,6c) is provided with two guideways (64,66,154, 156,168,170, 180,182) spaced by a distance (d) from each other and profiled in such manner that the guiding elements (22,166,176, 178,184,186) are held by form-locking transversally to the direction of displacement.
2. Sunshade according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast (6,6a,6b,6c) is provided with a hollow closed profile.
3. Sunshade according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guideways (64,66,154,156,168,170) are provided with guiding keyways (64a,64b,66a,66b,162,164,172, 174) located in the guiding plane and directed transversally to the guiding direction and oriented transversally with respect to the guideways, facing each other and/or away from each other.
4. Sunshade according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mast (6,6a,6b) has a rectangular profile, on one rectangle side of which the guideways (64,66,154,156) are arranged.
5. Sunshade according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the guide elements (22,68a,68b,70a,70b, 166,176,178,184,186) are arranged at a guiding slide (72) that is articulately connected to the inner end (8) of the support arm (10).
6. Sunshade according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the driving device (20,20a) for the support arm is provided with a circulating organ (84,110) arranged within the mast (6), capable of being driven via a gear (92,100,102) by means of a crank handle (106, 120) or a motor (104), and that is returned, at the ends of the displacement path of the guide elements (22,68a, 68b,70a,70b,166,176), towards the outer side of the mast (6) in the area of the guideways (64,66,154,156,168,170) via return elements (88, 92,112,118), preferably return rollers, and passage openings (90,94,114) provided in the mast.
7. Sunshade according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mast (6,6a,6b,6c) is arranged tilted backwards, preferably in such manner that the centre of gravity of the closed sunshade is located above the anchoring area of the mast to the underlying ground.
8. Sunshade according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the driving device (20,20a) of the support arm for displacing the inner end (8) of the support arm (10) and the driving device (24,24a) of the canopy for opening and closing the canopy (14) are combined with each other in such manner that they are operative simultaneously and together.
9. Sunshade according to claim 8, characterized in that the driving device (20,20a) of the support arm is comprised of a circulating organ (84,110) capable of being driven by a gear (92,100,102) by means of a crank handle (106,120) or a motor (104), connected to the inner end (8) of the support arm (10) and guided at the ends of the displacement path of the support arm (10) by return elements (88,92,112,118), preferably return rollers.
10. Sunshade according to claim 9, characterized in that the driving device (20) of the support arm is provided with a spindle (100) preferably having a self-locking worm on which is arranged a threaded nut (98) connected to the circulating organ (84).
11. Sunshade according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the driving device (24,24a) of the canopy for opening and closing the canopy (14) is comprised of a traction organ (26,122), preferably a traction cable, that passes over the upper end of the mast (6), then via the connecting strut (18,142) and an articulation (34) of the support arm (10) up to the outer end (12) thereof, and then through the umbrella post (38) up to a connection element (40,42) for the lower ends of support struts (44), and is connected to the connection element, the support struts (44) being articulated to canopy stretchers (46) which in their turn are articulately connected to a crown (48) arranged at the umbrella post (38).
12. Sunshade according to claim 11, characterized in that the traction organ (26,122) is directly or indirectly coupled to the circulating organ (84,110).
13. Sunshade according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that traction organ (122) is provided with a device (126) that is operative when the canopy (14) is open for reversibly locking the traction organ (122) and reversibly uncoupling the circulating organ (110).
14. Sunshade according to claim 13, characterized in that the traction organ (122) is connected to the circulating organ (110) by a stop (128) that couples by form-locking only in the opening direction and is provided at its end that faces away from the canopy (14) with a locking element (132) capable of cooperating with a latch (133) arranged at the mast (6).
15. Sunshade according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the traction organ (122) passes over a compensation device (140) to allow for compensation of tension differences of the traction organ (122) caused by length variations of loops on return rollers at different angular positions of the support arm (10).
16. Sunshade according to claim 15, characterized in that the compensation device (140) is comprised of a return roller (148) for the traction organ (122) that is arranged at the swinging axis (146) of the connecting strut (142), and has a first auxiliary roller (150) located at the side of the mast and a second auxiliary roller (152) located at the connecting strut (142) in such manner that the traction organ (122) passes over the first auxiliary roller (150), then under the return roller (148) and over the second auxiliary roller (152) up to the connecting strut (142).
17. Sunshade according to any one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the support arm (10) is provided with a swinging axis (52) displaced downwards by a distance (e) from the support arm axis (54) to which the canopy (14) is articulated above the crown (48), the umbrella post (38) extending further upwards up to the area of the support arm axis (54) (10) and carrying there a return roller (58) for the traction organ (26).

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