EP0636853B1 - Bullet for handguns - Google Patents
Bullet for handguns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0636853B1 EP0636853B1 EP93120485A EP93120485A EP0636853B1 EP 0636853 B1 EP0636853 B1 EP 0636853B1 EP 93120485 A EP93120485 A EP 93120485A EP 93120485 A EP93120485 A EP 93120485A EP 0636853 B1 EP0636853 B1 EP 0636853B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- projectile
- bore
- base body
- bullet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a projectile intended for small arms of all kinds, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- a tip is provided within the bore located in the front end of the base body, which tip is covered by a ballistic cap attached to the outer end of the bore. This ballistic cap is pressed when the projectile strikes a target into the bore of the main body of the projectile and impaled on the tip, the beginning of the spreading of the projectile being supported when the projectile strikes a soft-elastic body, for example a gelatin block .
- the cylindrical base body of the known projectiles is produced by extrusion, it is necessary to carry out a heat treatment after the pressing, namely a so-called stress relief annealing, in order to prevent the projectile from splintering in the target if possible.
- a heat treatment after the pressing namely a so-called stress relief annealing
- this goal can only be achieved inadequately by heat treatment.
- the hood or cap provided as an additional ballistic body is sensitive and difficult to install, as a result of which the production of the known two-part projectiles is correspondingly complex.
- the invention has for its object to provide a simple to manufacture and high precision two-part projectile for handguns, which shows an increased energy output in a soft target medium without the risk of secondary bullets.
- the projectile designed according to the invention with the ballistic additional body designed as a ball and squeezed into its front end has a rounded tip or head shape and therefore has favorable flight characteristics.
- the elastically compressible ball that forms the additional ballistic body makes it possible to smoothly repeat bullets of this type in the case of semi-automatic and fully automatic handguns and thus to transfer a cartridge from the magazine to the cartridge chamber.
- the ball provided at the top of the projectile is elastically compressed and pushed into the bore of the main body of the projectile, so that the soft-elastic target medium expands the main body of the projectile at its front end or mushrooms without tearing off parts of the ball and forming so-called secondary storeys.
- the basic body itself does not tear in one because of its shape and material Forming secondary floors in a soft-elastic target body, so that no parts which form secondary floors can be torn from the projectile body in the soft-elastic target.
- the projectile according to the invention is designed so that it does not cause widespread injuries in hard targets, but rather ensures smooth penetration.
- the projectile according to the invention is suitable for all types of handguns, it is preferably intended for handguns, for example for police operations.
- the bullet has a reduced maximum range compared to other bullets, but can be used in common weapons.
- the ballistic additional body designed as a ball is pressed non-positively and positively into the bore at the front end of the base body of the projectile.
- the elastically compressible ball therefore sits securely in the main body of the projectile.
- the ball When hitting a soft-elastic target, the ball is pushed more or less deeply into the bore of the base body and thus into the projectile, depending on the nature of the target medium.
- the penetration of the ball into the base body of the projectile will release a more or less open tip of the base body, into which the target medium is pressed.
- the pressure of the target medium exceeds a value which depends on the material of the base body of the projectile and the wall thickness of the same, the front end of the projectile body is deformed in the manner of a bulging mushroom.
- the cross section of the base body is enlarged and thus the sheet-like energy output is increased, as a result of which the penetration depth of the projectile in the target medium is reduced.
- Bullets emerging from the target medium with a smooth bullet have a greatly reduced speed or kinetic energy.
- the residual energy is like this low that there is no or only minimal risk to persons behind the target medium.
- the base body of the projectile according to the invention consists of a hard-tough material and in particular copper or a hard-tough copper alloy such as copper-zinc alloy, the base body of the projectile does not tear open when fragments are released or similar secondary storeys, but expands just on.
- the projectile according to the invention can therefore be used without the risk of excessive injuries and can also be completely removed from the injury area.
- the ball provided as an additional ballistic body is preferably made of impact-resistant plastic, for example low-pressure polyethylene (ND-PE), and therefore does not tear at the target.
- ND-PE low-pressure polyethylene
- the ball made of plastic if it should have detached from the main body of the projectile in a target, can be easily localized by means of X-rays, provided that it contains metal particles.
- the ball consists of colored material, such as colored plastic
- the respective use of the projectile can be displayed in a simple manner by means of color coding.
- the diameter of the ball serving as an additional ballistic body is larger than the maximum diameter of the spherical extension, the radius of curvature of which is also smaller than the radius of the undeformed ball, so that the ball in the region of the spherical extension and also in the region of the collar-shaped narrowing or the final extension Constriction is deformed in the surface area and squeezed, so to speak, into the bore of the main body of the projectile, which results in both a positive and a non-positive connection.
- the center of the ball inserted into the bore of the main body of the projectile and thus squeezed is expediently within the crowned extension, so that the ball cannot be pressed out of the bore due to the pressure created during squeezing.
- the greater part of the same is located within the projectile body, while a smaller part protrudes forward from the base body of the projectile.
- the floor according to the invention does not form secondary floors, i.e. The fact that no parts detach from this projectile, both when it is fired and when it strikes and enters and enters a target, reduces the risk of serious injuries in the target or due to free-flying secondary projectiles. There is also reduced pollution in shooting ranges such as indoor shooting ranges. The accuracy and therefore the precision of the projectile are significantly increased due to the lack of secondary projectiles.
- the projectile When the projectile hits a target, which can be both soft and hard, it is ensured that the base body and the ballistic additional body remain held together.
- a target which can be both soft and hard, it is ensured that the base body and the ballistic additional body remain held together.
- the ball forming the additional ballistic body When hitting a soft target, the ball forming the additional ballistic body is pressed against the inner end of the bore of the base body, which creates a non-positive connection between the base body and the ball, because the diameter of the bore, especially behind the spherical extension, is significantly smaller than that Diameter of the ball is.
- the projectile behaves very stably even in soft target media, so that no centrifugal forces occur around the radial axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and accordingly the ball does not separate from the base body even if a large degree of deformation of the projectile is achieved in the target.
- the elastic ball When the bullet strikes hard targets, the elastic ball is also pressed deep into the bore, but the bullet does not mushroom, but is merely compressed.
- the base body of the projectile which narrows inward during compression, holds the ball in the projectile.
- the elastic ball serving as additional ballistic body is on the other hand stable enough to be held in the crimped position in the crowned extension or the crowned section of the bore of the base body of the projectile when fired. Therefore, a favorable external ballistic closed head shape of the projectile is obtained when firing to the target.
- the rotationally symmetrical and essentially full body of the projectile consists of a uniform material. As a result, manufacturing imbalances can be largely avoided. This contributes significantly to the increased precision of the projectile compared to known projectiles that mushroom in the target.
- the base body of the projectile can be machined, so that heat treatment of the finished projectile can be omitted because the material used and its properties can be determined from the outset. Accordingly, the production of the projectile is simpler and significantly more cost-effective compared to known mushrooming projectiles.
- the energy output in the target medium and the maximum penetration depth can be easily adapted to the respective intended use.
- the projectile according to the invention is suitable for all small arms, i.e. for pistols, submachine guns, rifles and machine guns.
- the full floor shown in Fig. 1 has a base body (1) made of tough metal and a ball (2) made of impact-resistant material such as plastic and squeezed into the front end of the base body (1) with elastic deformation.
- the base body (1) has a rear, solid cylindrical section (3) and an ogive, tapered front section (4), which contains a cylindrical bore into which the ball is pressed.
- the ball is non-positively and positively connected to and arranged in the base body (1) and lies in the region of a spherical recess (8) of the bore (5) on the inner wall of the base body (1).
- the radius (13) of the ball (2) is larger than the radius of curvature (14) of the spherical recess.
- the diameter of the ball (2) is larger than the largest horizontal diameter of the spherical recess (8), so that the ball is pressed together when inserted into the bore (5) and in particular the spherical recess (8) and thus squeezed to a to establish a firm connection between the ball and the base body.
- a collar-shaped constriction (11) is provided at the outer end of the spherical extension (8), which closes off the spherical section (8) and runs outwards into a conical extension (7).
- the constriction (11) creates a constriction (16) of the pinched ball (2), which diverges above the constriction (11) and thus abuts the conical section (7).
- the center point (12) of the ball (2) lies in the region of the spherical extension (8) and thus below or behind the collar-shaped constriction (11), so that the ball squeezed into the base body (1) (2) cannot be pushed out of the bore (5) by the squeezing pressure.
- the bore (5) is designed as a blind hole and has an inner cylindrical section (9) with an adjoining conical section (10).
- the cylindrical section (9) of the bore (5) has a smaller cross section than the adjoining spherical recess (8) and also the collar-shaped constriction (11), so that the ball (2) does not enter the rear when pressed into the bore or can slide into the inner cylindrical section. Only when hitting a target, the elastic ball (2) is pressed into the bore (5) by the target medium and then fills the cylindrical section (9) and the adjoining conical section (10) so that the target medium is the outer end of the base body (1) can expand and bulge, so to speak, to achieve a mushrooming that is not associated with the risk of tearing off parts of the base body (1) and the ball (2).
- the dimensioning can the ball (2) can also be chosen so that the surface of the part of the ball (2) protruding from the base body (1) merges practically without a paragraph into the outer contour of the tapered section (4).
- a conical bevel (6) is provided on the outside, which facilitates the pressing of the projectile into a cartridge case, not shown.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein für Handfeuerwaffen aller Art bestimmtes Geschoß, das die Merkmale des Oberbegriffes des Anspruchs 1 aufweist.The invention relates to a projectile intended for small arms of all kinds, which has the features of the preamble of
Es ist bekannt (US-PS-1 135 357), Geschosse für Handfeuerwaffen zweiteilig auszubilden. Beim Auftreffen auf ein Ziel dringt bei diesem bekannten Geschoß die einen ballistischen Zusatzkörper bildende Spitze in die im Grundkörper des Geschosses befindliche zylindrische Bohrung ein, wodurch die Wand des vorderen Abschnittes des Geschosses aufgespreizt und sozusagen aufgepilzt wird. Dieses Aufpilzen führt zu einer Vergrößerung des Querschnittes des Geschosses am vorderen Ende desselben, was ein starkes Abbremsen des Geschosses beim Eindringen in das Zielmedium bewirkt. Diese Wirkung ist für polizeiliche Einsätze erwünscht, weil auf diese Weise ein Angreifer bei geringster Tiefenwirkung und dabei bei geringster Verletzung wirksam gestoppt werden kann.It is known (US-PS-1 135 357) to design projectiles for small arms in two parts. When hitting a target in this known projectile, the tip forming a ballistic additional body penetrates into the cylindrical bore located in the main body of the projectile, as a result of which the wall of the front section of the projectile is expanded and, so to speak, mushroomed. This mushrooming leads to an enlargement of the cross section of the projectile at the front end thereof, which causes the projectile to slow down considerably when it penetrates the target medium. This effect is desirable for police operations, because in this way an attacker can be effectively stopped with the least depth effect and with the least injury.
Es ist weiterhin bekannt (DE-A-28 43 167), bei einem insbesondere für Jagdzwecke bestimmten, im Ziel aufpilzenden Geschoß als ballistischen Zusatzkörper in das nach außen erweiterte Ende der im aus Tombak oder Kupfer bestehenden Grundkörper befindlichen zylindrischen Bohrung eine aus Stahl bestehende Kugel einzuklemmen. Das Material des Geschoßkörpers ist in seiner Festigkeit so abgestimmt, daß es, ohne nachzugeben, der aus Stahl bestehenden Kugel beim Flug des Geschosses zum Ziel genügend Widerstand entgegensetzt, wenn das Geschoß und damit die Kugel ein kleines Hindernis wie z. B. Blätter oder Ähren berührt. Hingegen wird die harte Kugel beim Auftreffen des Geschosses auf ein Ziel in das Sackloch des Geschosses getrieben, wobei das Material des Geschoßkörpers nach außen aufgeweitet und der Aufspreizvorgang eingeleitet wird.It is also known (DE-A-28 43 167), in a particular for hunting purposes, mushrooming in the target as a ballistic additional body in the outwardly widened end of the cylindrical bore located in the base body made of tombac or copper, a ball made of steel pinch. The material of the projectile body is matched in its strength so that, without giving in, the steel ball poses sufficient resistance when the projectile flies to the target if the projectile and thus the ball encounters a small obstacle such. B. touched leaves or ears. On the other hand, when the projectile hits the bullet, the hard ball is driven into the blind hole of the projectile, the material of the projectile body expanding outwards and the spreading process being initiated.
Bei einem weiteren bekannten Geschoß (DE-A-26 26 219) ist innerhalb der im vorderen Ende des Grundkörpers befindlichen Bohrung eine Spitze vorgesehen, welche von einer auf das äußere Ende der Bohrung aufgesteckten ballistischen Kappe überdeckt ist. Diese ballistische Kappe wird beim Auftreffen des Geschosses auf ein Ziel in die Bohrung des Grundkörpers des Geschosses hineingedrückt und auf die Spitze aufgespießt, wobei der Beginn des Aufspreizens des Geschosses unterstützt wird, wenn das Geschoß auf einen weich-elastischen Körper, beispielsweise einen Gelatineblock, auftrifft.In another known projectile (DE-A-26 26 219), a tip is provided within the bore located in the front end of the base body, which tip is covered by a ballistic cap attached to the outer end of the bore. This ballistic cap is pressed when the projectile strikes a target into the bore of the main body of the projectile and impaled on the tip, the beginning of the spreading of the projectile being supported when the projectile strikes a soft-elastic body, for example a gelatin block .
Bei den bekannten Geschossen dieser Art besteht die Gefahr und das Problem, daß der Grundkörper sowie der ballistische Zusatzkörper beim Auftreffen auf ein Ziel und dem damit verbundenen Aufpilzen aufreißt und mehr oder weniger große Splitter abreißen, die als sogenannte Sekundärgeschosse sich im Zielmedium unkontrolliert bewegen und daher auch schwer lokalisiert werden können.In the known bullets of this type, there is the risk and the problem that the base body and the additional ballistic body will tear open when hitting a target and the associated mushrooming and tear off more or less large fragments, the so-called secondary bullets move in an uncontrolled manner in the target medium and are therefore difficult to locate.
Weil der zylindrische Grundkörper der bekannten Geschosse durch Fließpressen hergestellt wird, ist es nach dem Pressen notwendig, eine Wärmebehandlung vorzunehmen, nämlich ein sogenanntes Entspannungsglühen, um ein Zersplittern des Geschosses im Ziel nach Möglichkeit zu vermeiden. Es hat sich in der Praxis jedoch gezeigt, daß durch eine Wärmebehandlung dieses Ziel nur ungenügend erreicht werden kann. Hinzukommt, daß die als ballistischer Zusatzkörper vorgesehene Haube oder Kappe empfindlich und nur schwer einzubauen ist, wodurch die Herstellung der bekannten zweiteiligen Geschosse entsprechend aufwendig wird.Because the cylindrical base body of the known projectiles is produced by extrusion, it is necessary to carry out a heat treatment after the pressing, namely a so-called stress relief annealing, in order to prevent the projectile from splintering in the target if possible. However, it has been shown in practice that this goal can only be achieved inadequately by heat treatment. In addition, the hood or cap provided as an additional ballistic body is sensitive and difficult to install, as a result of which the production of the known two-part projectiles is correspondingly complex.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfach herzustellendes und eine hohe Präzision aufweisendes zweiteiliges Geschoß für Handfeuerwaffen zu schaffen, welches in einem weichen Zielmedium eine erhöhte Energieabgabe ohne die Gefahr der Entstehung von Sekundärgeschossen zeigt.The invention has for its object to provide a simple to manufacture and high precision two-part projectile for handguns, which shows an increased energy output in a soft target medium without the risk of secondary bullets.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Geschoß für Handfeuerwaffen gelöst, welches die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 aufweist. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with a projectile for small arms, which has the features of
Das erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Geschoß mit dem als Kugel ausgebildeten, in dessen vorderes Ende eingequetschten ballistischen Zusatzkörper weist eine abgerundete Spitze oder Kopfform und daher günstige Flugeigenschaften auf. Die den ballistischen Zusatzkörper bildende elastisch zusammendrückbare Kugel ermöglicht es, bei halb- und vollautomatischen Handfeuerwaffen Geschosse dieser Art reibungslos zu repetieren und somit eine Patrone aus dem Magazin in das Patronenlager zu überführen. Erst im Ziel, insbesondere in einem weich-elastischen Zielmedium, wird die an der Spitze des Geschosses vorgesehene Kugel elastisch zusammengedrückt und in die Bohrung des Grundkörpers des Geschosses hineingeschoben, so daß das weich-elastische Zielmedium den Grundkörper des Geschosses an seinem vorderen Ende aufweitet oder aufpilzt, ohne daß Teile der Kugel abreißen und sogenannte Sekundärgeschosse bilden. Auch reißt der Grundkörper selbst wegen seiner Gestalt und wegen seines Materials nicht in einer Sekundärgeschosse bildenden Weise in einem weich-elastischen Zielkörper auf, so daß auch von dem Geschoßkörper im weich-elastischen Ziel keine Teile, welche Sekundärgeschosse bilden, abgerissen werden können.The projectile designed according to the invention with the ballistic additional body designed as a ball and squeezed into its front end has a rounded tip or head shape and therefore has favorable flight characteristics. The elastically compressible ball that forms the additional ballistic body makes it possible to smoothly repeat bullets of this type in the case of semi-automatic and fully automatic handguns and thus to transfer a cartridge from the magazine to the cartridge chamber. Only in the target, especially in a soft-elastic target medium, the ball provided at the top of the projectile is elastically compressed and pushed into the bore of the main body of the projectile, so that the soft-elastic target medium expands the main body of the projectile at its front end or mushrooms without tearing off parts of the ball and forming so-called secondary storeys. The basic body itself does not tear in one because of its shape and material Forming secondary floors in a soft-elastic target body, so that no parts which form secondary floors can be torn from the projectile body in the soft-elastic target.
Andererseits ist das erfindungsgemäße Geschoß so ausgebildet, daß es in harten Zielen keine breitenwirksamen Verletzungen hervorruft, sondern vielmehr einen glatten Durchschuß gewährleistet.On the other hand, the projectile according to the invention is designed so that it does not cause widespread injuries in hard targets, but rather ensures smooth penetration.
Obwohl das erfindungsgemäße Geschoß für Handfeuerwaffen aller Art geeignet ist, ist es bevorzugt für Faustfeuerwaffen bestimmt, beispielsweise für Polizeieinsätze geeignet. Das Geschoß hat gegenüber anderen Geschossen eine verringerte maximale Reichweite, kann jedoch in üblichen Waffen verwendet werden.Although the projectile according to the invention is suitable for all types of handguns, it is preferably intended for handguns, for example for police operations. The bullet has a reduced maximum range compared to other bullets, but can be used in common weapons.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Geschoß ist der als Kugel ausgebildete ballistische Zusatzkörper kraft- und formschlüssig in die Bohrung am vorderen Ende des Grundkörpers des Geschosses eingepreßt. Die elastisch zusammendrückbare Kugel sitzt daher sicher im Grundkörper des Geschosses. Beim Auftreffen auf ein weich-elastisches Ziel wird die Kugel in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des Zielmediums mehr oder weniger tief in die Bohrung des Grundkörpers und damit in das Geschoß gedrückt. Je nach dem Rauminhalt oder Volumen der Bohrung wird das Eindringen der Kugel in den Grundkörper des Geschosses eine mehr oder weniger offene Spitze des Grundkörpers freigeben, in die das Zielmedium hineingedrückt wird. Überschreitet der Druck des Zielmediums einen vom Material des Grundkörpers des Geschosses und der Wandstärke desselben abhängigen Wert, erfolgt eine Verformung des vorderen Endes des Geschoßkörpers nach Art eines ausbeulenden Aufpilzens. Durch das Aufpilzen des Grundkörpers wird der Querschnitt desselben vergrößert und damit die flächenförmige Energieabgabe erhöht, wodurch sich die Eindringtiefe des Geschosses im Zielmedium verringert.In the projectile according to the invention, the ballistic additional body designed as a ball is pressed non-positively and positively into the bore at the front end of the base body of the projectile. The elastically compressible ball therefore sits securely in the main body of the projectile. When hitting a soft-elastic target, the ball is pushed more or less deeply into the bore of the base body and thus into the projectile, depending on the nature of the target medium. Depending on the volume or volume of the bore, the penetration of the ball into the base body of the projectile will release a more or less open tip of the base body, into which the target medium is pressed. If the pressure of the target medium exceeds a value which depends on the material of the base body of the projectile and the wall thickness of the same, the front end of the projectile body is deformed in the manner of a bulging mushroom. By mushrooming the base body, the cross section of the base body is enlarged and thus the sheet-like energy output is increased, as a result of which the penetration depth of the projectile in the target medium is reduced.
Bei einem glatten Durchschuß aus dem Zielmedium wieder austretende Geschosse haben eine stark verminderte Geschwindigkeit bzw. kinetische Energie. Je nach Verformungsgrad des Geschosses ist die Restenergie so gering, daß keine oder nur noch eine minimale Gefährdung von hinter dem Zielmedium befindlichen Personen besteht.Bullets emerging from the target medium with a smooth bullet have a greatly reduced speed or kinetic energy. Depending on the degree of deformation of the projectile, the residual energy is like this low that there is no or only minimal risk to persons behind the target medium.
Da der Grundkörper des erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses aus einem hart-zähen Material und insbesondere Kupfer oder einer hart-zähen Kupferlegierung wie beispielsweise Kupfer-Zink-Legierung besteht, reißt der Grundkörper des Geschosses beim Aufpilzen nicht unter Abgabe von Bruchstücken oder ähnlichen Sekundärgeschossen auf, sondern weitet sich lediglich auf. Das erfindungsgemäße Geschoß kann daher ohne Gefahr übermäßiger Verletzungen eingesetzt und aus dem Verletzungsbereich auch vollständig entfernt werden.Since the base body of the projectile according to the invention consists of a hard-tough material and in particular copper or a hard-tough copper alloy such as copper-zinc alloy, the base body of the projectile does not tear open when fragments are released or similar secondary storeys, but expands just on. The projectile according to the invention can therefore be used without the risk of excessive injuries and can also be completely removed from the injury area.
Die als ballistischer Zusatzkörper vorgesehene Kugel besteht vorzugsweise aus schlagzähem Kunststoff, beispielsweise Niederdruck-Polyethylen (ND-PE), und zerreißt daher auch nicht im Ziel.The ball provided as an additional ballistic body is preferably made of impact-resistant plastic, for example low-pressure polyethylene (ND-PE), and therefore does not tear at the target.
Auch läßt sich die aus Kunststoff bestehende Kugel, wenn sie sich in einem Ziel doch vom Grundkörper des Geschosses gelöst haben sollte, leicht mittels Röntgenstrahlen lokalisieren, sofern sie Metallteilchen enthält.Also, the ball made of plastic, if it should have detached from the main body of the projectile in a target, can be easily localized by means of X-rays, provided that it contains metal particles.
Besteht die Kugel aus farbigem Material, wie farbigem Kunststoff, läßt sich durch farbliche Kennzeichnung der jeweilige Verwendungszweck des Geschosses in einfacher Weise anzeigen.If the ball consists of colored material, such as colored plastic, the respective use of the projectile can be displayed in a simple manner by means of color coding.
Der Durchmesser der als ballistischer Zusatzkörper dienenden Kugel ist größer als der maximale Durchmesser der balligen Erweiterung, deren Krümmungsradius ebenfalls kleiner als der Radius der unverformten Kugel ist, so daß die Kugel im Bereich der balligen Erweiterung und auch im Bereich der die Erweiterung abschließenden kragenförmigen Verengung oder Einschnürung im Oberflächenbereich verformt und sozusagen in die Bohrung des Grundkörpers des Geschosses eingequetscht ist, wodurch sich sowohl eine form- als auch eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung ergibt. Der Mittelpunkt der in die Bohrung des Grundkörpers des Geschosses eingesteckten und damit eingequetschten Kugel liegt dabei zweckmäßig innerhalb der balligen Erweiterung, so daß die Kugel nicht aufgrund des beim Verquetschen entstehenden Druckes aus der Bohrung herausgedrückt werden kann.The diameter of the ball serving as an additional ballistic body is larger than the maximum diameter of the spherical extension, the radius of curvature of which is also smaller than the radius of the undeformed ball, so that the ball in the region of the spherical extension and also in the region of the collar-shaped narrowing or the final extension Constriction is deformed in the surface area and squeezed, so to speak, into the bore of the main body of the projectile, which results in both a positive and a non-positive connection. The center of the ball inserted into the bore of the main body of the projectile and thus squeezed is expediently within the crowned extension, so that the ball cannot be pressed out of the bore due to the pressure created during squeezing.
Mit anderen Worten, bei im den Grundkörper des Geschosses eingesetzter Kugel befindet sich der größere Teil derselben innerhalb des Geschoßkörpers, während ein kleinerer Teil aus dem Grundkörper des Geschosses nach vorne herausragt.In other words, in the case of a ball inserted in the base body of the projectile, the greater part of the same is located within the projectile body, while a smaller part protrudes forward from the base body of the projectile.
Somit ist ein sicherer Halt der Kugel im Grundkörper des Geschosses auch bei hohen Temperaturschwankungen und beim Zuführen des Geschosses vom Magazin in das Patronenlager der Waffe und dem Lauf derselben gewährleistet.This ensures a secure hold of the bullet in the main body of the projectile, even in the event of high temperature fluctuations and when the projectile is fed from the magazine into the cartridge chamber of the weapon and its barrel.
Da das erfindungsgemäße Geschoß keine Sekundärgeschosse bildet, d.h. daß sich von diesem Geschoß keine Teile ablösen, und zwar sowohl beim Abschießen als auch beim Auftreffen und Auf- und Eindringen in ein Ziel, ist die Gefahr der Entstehung schwerer Verletzungen im Ziel oder durch freifliegende Sekundärgeschosse verringert. Auch ergibt sich eine verminderte Verschmutzung in Schießanlagen wie Raumschießanlagen. Die Treffsicherheit und damit Präzision des Geschosses wird wegen Fehlens der Entstehung von Sekundärgeschossen wesentlich erhöht.Since the floor according to the invention does not form secondary floors, i.e. The fact that no parts detach from this projectile, both when it is fired and when it strikes and enters and enters a target, reduces the risk of serious injuries in the target or due to free-flying secondary projectiles. There is also reduced pollution in shooting ranges such as indoor shooting ranges. The accuracy and therefore the precision of the projectile are significantly increased due to the lack of secondary projectiles.
Beim Auftreffen des Geschosses auf ein Ziel, das sowohl weich als auch hart sein kann, ist gewährleistet, daß Grundkörper und ballistischer Zusatzkörper zusammengehalten bleiben. Beim Auftreffen auf ein weiches Ziel wird die den ballistischen Zusatzkörper bildende Kugel bis an das innere Ende der Bohrung des Grundkörpers gedrückt, wodurch eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Grundkörper und Kugel entsteht, weil der Durchmesser der Bohrung, insbesondere hinter der balligen Erweiterung, deutlich kleiner als der Durchmesser der Kugel ist. Das Geschoß verhält sich auch in weichen Zielmedien sehr stabil, so daß keine Zentrifugalkräfte um die senkrecht zur Längsachse des Geschosses verlaufende radiale Achse auftreten und dementsprechend die Kugel sich auch dann nicht vom Grundkörper trennt, wenn im Ziel ein großer Verformungsgrad des Geschosses erreicht wird.When the projectile hits a target, which can be both soft and hard, it is ensured that the base body and the ballistic additional body remain held together. When hitting a soft target, the ball forming the additional ballistic body is pressed against the inner end of the bore of the base body, which creates a non-positive connection between the base body and the ball, because the diameter of the bore, especially behind the spherical extension, is significantly smaller than that Diameter of the ball is. The projectile behaves very stably even in soft target media, so that no centrifugal forces occur around the radial axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and accordingly the ball does not separate from the base body even if a large degree of deformation of the projectile is achieved in the target.
Beim Auftreffen des Geschosses auf harte Ziele wird die elastische Kugel zwar ebenfalls tief in die Bohrung hineingepreßt, jedoch pilzt das Geschoß nicht auf, sondern wird lediglich gestaucht. Der sich beim Stauchen nach innen verengende Grundkörper des Geschosses hält die Kugel im Geschoß.When the bullet strikes hard targets, the elastic ball is also pressed deep into the bore, but the bullet does not mushroom, but is merely compressed. The base body of the projectile, which narrows inward during compression, holds the ball in the projectile.
Sollte sich in Folge unglücklicher Umstände die Kugel doch einmal vom Grundkörper des Geschosses trennen, zerreißt dieselbe nicht und bildet dementsprechend auch keine Sekundärgeschosse. Wenn sie mit Metallteilchen durchsetzt ist, kann sie durch Röntgentechnik schnell gefunden werden.Should the bullet separate from the main body of the projectile as a result of unfortunate circumstances, it does not tear and accordingly does not form any secondary storeys. If it is interspersed with metal particles, it can be found quickly using X-ray technology.
Die als ballistischer Zusatzkörper dienende elastische Kugel ist andererseits stabil genug, um beim Abschuß in der in die ballige Erweiterung bzw. den balligen Abschnitt der Bohrung des Grundkörpers des Geschosses eingequetschten Position gehalten zu werden. Daher wird eine günstige außenballistische geschlossene Kopfform des Geschosses beim Abschuß bis ins Ziel erhalten.The elastic ball serving as additional ballistic body is on the other hand stable enough to be held in the crimped position in the crowned extension or the crowned section of the bore of the base body of the projectile when fired. Therefore, a favorable external ballistic closed head shape of the projectile is obtained when firing to the target.
Der rotationssymmetrische und im wesentlichen volle Grundkörper des Geschosses besteht aus einheitlichem Material. Dadurch können herstellungsbedingte Unwuchten weitgehend vermieden werden. Dies trägt wesentlich zur erhöhten Präzision des Geschosses gegenüber bekannten, im Ziel aufpilzenden Geschossen bei.The rotationally symmetrical and essentially full body of the projectile consists of a uniform material. As a result, manufacturing imbalances can be largely avoided. This contributes significantly to the increased precision of the projectile compared to known projectiles that mushroom in the target.
Der Grundkörper des Geschosses kann spanabhebend hergestellt werden, so daß eine Wärmebehandlung des fertigen Geschosses entfallen kann, weil das verwendete Material und dessen Eigenschaften von vornherein festgelegt werden können. Die Herstellung des Geschosses ist dementsprechend, verglichen mit bekannten aufpilzenden Geschossen, einfacher uns somit deutlich kostengünstiger.The base body of the projectile can be machined, so that heat treatment of the finished projectile can be omitted because the material used and its properties can be determined from the outset. Accordingly, the production of the projectile is simpler and significantly more cost-effective compared to known mushrooming projectiles.
Durch geringe, die Fertigung kaum beeinflussende Änderungen im Aufbau des Geschosses, insbesondere die ballige Erweiterung und den Radius der Bohrung betreffend, können die Energieabgabe im Zielmedium und die maximale Eindringtiefe dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck einfach angepaßt werden.Due to minor changes in the structure of the projectile, which hardly influence the production, in particular the spherical extension and the radius of the bore, the energy output in the target medium and the maximum penetration depth can be easily adapted to the respective intended use.
Das erfindungsgemäße Geschoß ist für alle Handfeuerwaffen geeignet, d.h. für Pistolen, Maschinenpistolen, Gewehre und Maschinengewehre.The projectile according to the invention is suitable for all small arms, i.e. for pistols, submachine guns, rifles and machine guns.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses schematisch dargestellt, und zwar zeigt
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt des Geschosses in stark vergrößertem Maßstab und
- Fig. 2
- einen Querschnitt einer in das Geschoß aus Fig. 1 einzusetzenden elastischen Kugel in kleinerem Maßstab.
- Fig. 1
- a longitudinal section of the floor on a greatly enlarged scale and
- Fig. 2
- a cross section of a resilient ball to be used in the floor of Fig. 1 on a smaller scale.
Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Vollgeschoß hat einen Grundkörper (1) aus hartzähem Metall und eine in das vordere Ende des Grundkörpers (1) unter elastischer Verformung eingequetschte Kugel (2) aus schlagzähem Material wie Kunststoff. Der Grundkörper (1) hat einen hinteren massiven zylindrischen Abschnitt (3) und einen als Ogive ausgeführten, sich verjüngenden vorderen Abschnitt (4), welcher eine zylindrische Bohrung enthält, in die die Kugel eingedrückt ist. Die Kugel ist dabei kraft- und formschlüssig mit dem Grundkörper (1) verbunden und in diesem angeordnet und liegt im Bereich einer balligen Ausnehmung (8) der Bohrung (5) an der Innenwand des Grundkörpers (1) an. Der Radius (13) der Kugel (2) ist größer als der Krümmungsradius (14) der balligen Ausnehmung. Außerdem ist der Durchmesser der Kugel (2) größer als der größte horizontale Durchmesser der balligen Ausnehmung (8), so daß die Kugel beim Einstecken in die Bohrung (5) und insbesondere die ballige Ausnehmung (8) zusammengedrückt und damit verquetscht wird, um eine feste Verbindung zwischen der Kugel und dem Grundkörper herzustellen.The full floor shown in Fig. 1 has a base body (1) made of tough metal and a ball (2) made of impact-resistant material such as plastic and squeezed into the front end of the base body (1) with elastic deformation. The base body (1) has a rear, solid cylindrical section (3) and an ogive, tapered front section (4), which contains a cylindrical bore into which the ball is pressed. The ball is non-positively and positively connected to and arranged in the base body (1) and lies in the region of a spherical recess (8) of the bore (5) on the inner wall of the base body (1). The radius (13) of the ball (2) is larger than the radius of curvature (14) of the spherical recess. In addition, the diameter of the ball (2) is larger than the largest horizontal diameter of the spherical recess (8), so that the ball is pressed together when inserted into the bore (5) and in particular the spherical recess (8) and thus squeezed to a to establish a firm connection between the ball and the base body.
Am äußeren Ende der balligen Ausdehnung (8) ist eine kragenförmige Verengung (11) vorgesehen, welche den balligen Abschnitt (8) abschließt und nach außen in eine konische Erweiterung (7) ausläuft. Die Verengung (11) erzeugt eine Einschnürung (16) der eingequetschten Kugel (2), die oberhalb der Verengung (11) auseinanderläuft und somit an dem konisch verlaufenden Abschnitt (7) anliegt.A collar-shaped constriction (11) is provided at the outer end of the spherical extension (8), which closes off the spherical section (8) and runs outwards into a conical extension (7). The constriction (11) creates a constriction (16) of the pinched ball (2), which diverges above the constriction (11) and thus abuts the conical section (7).
Der Mittelpunkt (12) der Kugel (2) liegt, wie Fig. 1 zeigt, im Bereich der balligen Ausdehnung (8) und damit unterhalb bzw. hinter der kragenförmigen Verengung (11), so daß die in den Grundkörper (1) eingequetschte Kugel (2) nicht durch den Quetschdruck aus der Bohrung (5) hinausgedrückt werden kann.The center point (12) of the ball (2), as shown in FIG. 1, lies in the region of the spherical extension (8) and thus below or behind the collar-shaped constriction (11), so that the ball squeezed into the base body (1) (2) cannot be pushed out of the bore (5) by the squeezing pressure.
Die Bohrung (5) ist als Sackloch ausgebildet und hat einen inneren zylindrischen Abschnitt (9) mit einem sich daran anschließenden kegelförmigen Abschnitt (10). Der zylindrische Abschnitt (9) der Bohrung (5) hat einen geringeren Querschnitt als die sich daran anschließende ballige Ausnehmung (8) und auch die kragenförmige Verengung (11), so daß die Kugel (2) beim Eindrücken in die Bohrung nicht in den hinteren oder inneren zylindrischen Abschnitt hineinrutschen kann. Nur beim Auftreffen auf ein Ziel wird die elastische Kugel (2) vom Zielmedium in die Bohrung (5) hineingedrückt und füllt dann den zylindrischen Abschnitt (9) und den daran anschließenden kegelförmigen Abschnitt (10) aus, damit das Zielmedium das äußere Ende des Grundkörpers (1) aufweiten und sozusagen aufbeulen kann, um ein Aufpilzen zu erreichen, das nicht mit der Gefahr von abreißenden Teilen des Grundkörpers (1) und der Kugel (2) verbunden ist.The bore (5) is designed as a blind hole and has an inner cylindrical section (9) with an adjoining conical section (10). The cylindrical section (9) of the bore (5) has a smaller cross section than the adjoining spherical recess (8) and also the collar-shaped constriction (11), so that the ball (2) does not enter the rear when pressed into the bore or can slide into the inner cylindrical section. Only when hitting a target, the elastic ball (2) is pressed into the bore (5) by the target medium and then fills the cylindrical section (9) and the adjoining conical section (10) so that the target medium is the outer end of the base body (1) can expand and bulge, so to speak, to achieve a mushrooming that is not associated with the risk of tearing off parts of the base body (1) and the ball (2).
Aus Fig. 1 ist erkennbar, daß der Mittelpunkt der Kugel (2) und der Mittelpunkt (17) des Krümmungsradius der balligen Ausnehmung (8) nicht zusammenfallen, so daß die Kugel (2) beim Einstecken in die ballige Ausnehmung (8) in diesem Bereich zusammengedrückt und somit verquetscht wird, um die gewünschte kraft- und formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Kugel (2) und Grundkörper (1) zu erzielen.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the center of the ball (2) and the center (17) of the radius of curvature of the spherical recess (8) do not coincide, so that the ball (2) when inserted into the spherical recess (8) in this Area compressed and thus squeezed to achieve the desired positive and positive connection between the ball (2) and the base body (1).
Obwohl in Fig. 1 der aus dem Grundkörper (1) herausragende Teil der Kugel (2) gegenüber dem Außenumfang des Grundkörpers zurückversetzt dargestellt ist, so daß am vorderen Ende des Grundkörpers (1) eine ebene Abschlußfläche (15) frei liegt, kann die Dimensionierung der Kugel (2) auch so gewählt werden, daß die Oberfläche des aus dem Grundkörper (1) herausragenden Teiles der Kugel (2) praktisch absatzlos in die Außenkontur des sich verjüngenden Abschnittes (4) übergeht.Although the part of the ball (2) protruding from the base body (1) is shown set back in FIG. 1 with respect to the outer circumference of the base body, so that a flat end face (15) is exposed at the front end of the base body (1), the dimensioning can the ball (2) can also be chosen so that the surface of the part of the ball (2) protruding from the base body (1) merges practically without a paragraph into the outer contour of the tapered section (4).
Am hinteren Ende des Grundkörpers (1) ist auf dessen Außenseite eine konische Abschrägung (6) vorgesehen, die das Einpressen des Geschosses in eine nicht dargestellte Patronenhülse erleichtert.At the rear end of the base body (1) a conical bevel (6) is provided on the outside, which facilitates the pressing of the projectile into a cartridge case, not shown.
Claims (9)
- Bullet for handguns with a cylindrical basic body (1) of metal, of which the front end is in the form of an ogive (4) or a frustum of a cone and which contains at its front end an open blind bore (5) and with a ballistic additional body in the form of a ball (2) inserted in the bore and projecting beyond the front end of the basic body,
characterised in that
the ball (2) is an elastic compressible ball (2) of impact-resistant material and that the bore (5) of the basic body (1) made of hard ductile material contains in its front or outer portion a part-spherical widening (8) of which the radius of curvature (14) is smaller than the radius (13) of the ball (2). - Bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the volume of the ball (2) is equal to or smaller than the space in the bore (5).
- Bullet according to claim 1, or 2, characterised in that the ball (2) is made of plastics such as low density polyethylene.
- Bullet according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the ball (2) is made of coloured material.
- Bullet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the ball (2) contains particles of metal such as copper.
- Bullet according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a collar-shaped constriction (11) of wedge-shaped cross-section is provided at the outer end of the part-spherical widening (8) of the bore (5).
- Bullet according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the basic body (1) comprises a complete body made of a single material.
- Bullet according to one of claim 1 to 7, characterised in that the basic body (1) is made of copper or a copper alloy.
- Bullet according to claim 8, characterised in that the basic body (1) is made of a copper-zinc alloy.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9311349U | 1993-07-30 | ||
| DE9311349U DE9311349U1 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1993-07-30 | Bullet for handguns |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0636853A1 EP0636853A1 (en) | 1995-02-01 |
| EP0636853B1 true EP0636853B1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
Family
ID=6896180
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93120485A Expired - Lifetime EP0636853B1 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1993-12-18 | Bullet for handguns |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0636853B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE153440T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE9311349U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2102587T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1156297A1 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-21 | SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung AG | Expanding bullet and process for manufacturing same |
| CZ304538B6 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2014-06-25 | Dynamit Nobel Ammotec Gmbh | Deformable bullet with reduced amount of harmful substances intended particularly for small arms |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0860681A1 (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 1998-08-26 | METALLWERK ELISENHüTTE GmbH | Tracer projectile which expands during impact |
| US6837165B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2005-01-04 | Olin Corporation | Bullet with spherical nose portion |
| US6792869B2 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2004-09-21 | Zelda, Llc | Expanding soft point bullet |
| ES2304898B1 (en) | 2008-03-03 | 2009-10-09 | Industrias El Gamo, S.A. | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A CARBIN BALL OR SPORTS GUN AND CARBIN BALL OR SPORTS GUN OBTAINED. |
| WO2014037434A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Bullet for shooting range and practice cartridges |
| DE102021104760A1 (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Deformation projectile for police and authority ammunition |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR373597A (en) * | 1907-01-15 | 1907-05-18 | Gilbert Hamilton Hoxie | Projectile |
| US1135357A (en) * | 1914-02-11 | 1915-04-13 | Robert G Clyne | Mushroom-bullet. |
| US3866536A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1975-02-18 | Albert J Greenberg | Controlled expansion projectile |
| DE2626219A1 (en) * | 1976-06-11 | 1977-12-22 | Schirnecker Hans Ludwig | Firearm cartridges which spread impact effects - to dissipate shock or chemicals via a splayed (plastic) body |
| DE2843167A1 (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1980-04-17 | Schirnecker Hans Ludwig | Ammunition round for hunting - has body with blind hole closed at front by rigid insert of relatively hard material |
| DE3840165A1 (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1990-07-05 | Schirnecker Hans Ludwig | Multiple projectile |
-
1993
- 1993-07-30 DE DE9311349U patent/DE9311349U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-18 ES ES93120485T patent/ES2102587T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-18 EP EP93120485A patent/EP0636853B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-18 DE DE59306536T patent/DE59306536D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-18 AT AT93120485T patent/ATE153440T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZ304538B6 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2014-06-25 | Dynamit Nobel Ammotec Gmbh | Deformable bullet with reduced amount of harmful substances intended particularly for small arms |
| EP1156297A1 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-21 | SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung AG | Expanding bullet and process for manufacturing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2102587T3 (en) | 1997-08-01 |
| DE59306536D1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| EP0636853A1 (en) | 1995-02-01 |
| DE9311349U1 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
| ATE153440T1 (en) | 1997-06-15 |
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