EP0625688A1 - Plate heat exchanger - Google Patents
Plate heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0625688A1 EP0625688A1 EP94420143A EP94420143A EP0625688A1 EP 0625688 A1 EP0625688 A1 EP 0625688A1 EP 94420143 A EP94420143 A EP 94420143A EP 94420143 A EP94420143 A EP 94420143A EP 0625688 A1 EP0625688 A1 EP 0625688A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- plate
- obstacles
- channels
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
- F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
- F28F3/083—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning capable of being taken apart
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
- F28F2210/02—Heat exchange conduits with particular branching, e.g. fractal conduit arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/20—Fastening; Joining with threaded elements
- F28F2275/205—Fastening; Joining with threaded elements with of tie-rods
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new type of plate heat exchanger. It also relates to the heat exchange plates allowing the production of such an exchanger.
- plate and joint exchangers consist of a stack of a determined number of ribbed plates, of the same type, which are clamped between two flanges, in particular by means of tie rods. These plates have openings at their angles which, within the stack thus formed, define pipes, respectively supply and outlet for the heat transfer fluids. Between two consecutive plates is defined by the ribs a circulation network of one of the fluids, for example the hot fluid, which transmits through the two plates the heat to the other cold heat-transfer fluid, which circulates in opposite directions in the two plates immediately consecutive.
- these heat exchange plates are made of any metallic stampable material, in particular stainless steel, titanium, etc., capable of exhibiting relatively good heat exchange performance for a reduced bulk.
- the object of the invention is to provide a plate heat exchanger, made of solid graphite, in order to very significantly increase its heat exchange performance, and capable of operating both in horizontal and vertical position.
- This heat exchanger with plates with parallel circulation and against the current of the heat transfer fluids is constituted by the stacking of a determined number of ribbed plates of the same dimension, clamped against each other between two flanges, said plates called heat exchange having in their angles openings defining within the stack of supply and outlet pipes respectively for the heat transfer fluids.
- the plates are made of solid machined graphite, previously impregnated with a waterproofing material, and in particular with a resin.
- the invention consists in using as production material, solid graphite plates, machined in the mass and this, contrary to all the teachings which distance the use of such a material, taking into account its very low mechanical resistance, in particular to the pressures generated within the exchanger, pressures which can easily reach values close to 10.105 to 15.105 Pascals.
- the solid graphite plates used in the context of the invention resist such pressures, taking into account their particular profile described below.
- At least one of the two faces of each of the plates has a profile comprising two distribution zones consisting of a plurality of channels extending substantially radially over a sector from two of the openings in the plate, and a heat exchange zone, connecting the two distribution zones, and comprising a plurality of obstacles to the progression of the fluid flowing between two adjacent plates, defining on the one hand a multitude of channels in communication with the channels of the distribution zones, and on the other hand of the support points of said plate on the immediately adjacent plate.
- the upper surface of each of the obstacles of the heat exchange zones is planar, and the upper surface of each of said obstacles is included in the same plane, plan additionally integrating the upper surface from the side edge of the plate. In this way, it creates a multitude of support points, capable of giving the stacked plates the mechanical strength necessary to withstand the pressures of the heat transfer fluids which pass through the exchanger.
- the two faces of the same plate can have different profiles, in order to obtain better thermodynamic performance for each of the heat transfer fluids.
- the plates rest on each other when they are in place at the level of the exchanger, of a part, at the lateral edge but also at each of the obstacles in the heat exchange zone.
- the obstacles of the heat exchange zones have the shape of an ellipse, flame, "S”, crescent or drop of water, and this, in order to optimize the heat exchange by creating at level of these turbulence obstacles, and further increasing the heat exchange surface.
- the lateral face of each of the obstacles itself has ribs in order to further increase the heat exchange surface and therefore the very efficiency of this heat exchange.
- the various obstacles are distributed in a triangular or square mesh.
- the channels defined by the various obstacles at the level of this heat exchange zone include section variations in order to create zones of fluid acceleration, also capable of optimizing the efficiency of the heat exchange. These fluid acceleration zones are also generated by modifying the depth of the profile of these different channels.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation partially in cross section of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a top view of a heat exchange plate according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plate of Figure 2.
- FIG. 4 is a more detailed view of part of FIG. 2.
- Figure 5 is a more detailed representation of a cross section of the plate according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is another sectional view of the same kind, produced in a different location from that of FIG. 5.
- the exchanger shown in Figure 1 is constituted by the stacking of a number of heat exchange plates (4), produced by machining solid graphite plates previously impregnated with resin. In known manner, this resin is intended to seal the pores that graphite comprises.
- These different plates (4) cut to identical dimensions, are arranged and clamped against each other between two flanges (1) and (2) and maintained in the state by means in particular of tie rods (3). Between each plate is further positioned a seal (13), advantageously made of flexible sheets of graphite or of fluoropolymers such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), so as to preserve the chemical homogeneity of the assembly. This generates an alternation of two independent circuits for the circulation of fluids, hot and cold respectively.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Each of the plates has openings (5, 6, 7 and 8) at its four angles which, when said plates are superimposed, define supply and outlet pipes for the two heat transfer fluids.
- the two openings (5) and (6) of the plate shown in FIG. 2 correspond respectively to the inlet and the outlet of one of the heat transfer fluids, while the openings (7) and (8 ) are intended for supplying and leaving the second heat transfer fluid at the other face of the plate shown in FIG. 2.
- the two heat transfer fluids respectively the hot fluid and the cold fluid never come into contact.
- a seal (13) extending in a groove (12) formed at the periphery of each of the plates.
- the two openings corresponding to the circuit of the other face are also joined by means of a seal (15), received in a groove (14), located on the periphery. said openings.
- this seal (15) is advantageously made of flexible sheets of graphite or of fluorinated polymers (such as for example PTFE).
- At least one of the two faces of said plates is machined in the mass, and this by any known means and in particular, by means of numerically controlled machines managing the action of shaped cutters, in order to define channels and obstacles within this plate, intended respectively to guide and induce the heat exchange between the hot fluid and the plate on the one hand, and between the plate thus heated and the cold fluid on the other go.
- each of the faces is divided into three zones, respectively two distribution zones bearing the general reference A and a heat exchange zone bearing the general reference B.
- the distribution zones A are constituted by a plurality of channels (9) extending substantially radially from the opening respectively (5) and (6) and this over only one disc sector. More specifically, the purpose of these channels is to ensure the transfer of the fluid from the inlet opening (5) over the entire width of the plate, then from the width of the plate to the outlet opening (6).
- the channels (9) have different profiles according to their length and therefore according to their orientation relative to the respective openings (5,6). .
- the section of the shortest channels is smaller than that of the longer channels, precisely in order to balance the distribution of the fluid at the level of the entire width of the plate.
- the profile of each of the channels (9) gradually varies from the openings (5,6) towards the heat exchange zone B.
- the heat exchange zone B of each of the plates consists of a plurality of channels (10), also machined in the mass, and comprises a plurality of obstacles (11), advantageously of elongated shape and distributed in a square mesh or triangular.
- These obstacles (11) have the shape of an ellipse, flame, "S”, crescent or even drop of water, and are intended on the one hand, to increase the heat exchange surface, but also to create turbulence zones to promote heat exchange between the fluid and the plate.
- obstacles (11) zones of smaller section are created, in order to generate local accelerations of the fluid which make it possible to intensify the heat exchange, but also to increase the surface of exchange and further strengthen the mechanical strength of the plate.
- the obstacles (11) have a flat upper surface, thus capable of creating support points with the obstacles materialized on the plate positioned opposite, in complementarity with the support surface formed. by the edges of the plates.
- this cooperation of the plates together creating two independent networks of circulation of the two fluids, and pressing one on the other through said obstacles and their outer edge.
- the zones of acceleration of the liquid are also formed by local variations in the machining depth of the channels (10).
- the obstacles (11) have a uniform lateral surface or, on the contrary, machined so as to present micro-channels, intended once again to increase the heat exchange surface, and hence the efficiency of the heat exchange.
- FIG. 3 a cross section of the plate on which we observe the plates created by the obstacles (11) and the channels (10). It is thus observed that the plates of said obstacles are located in the same plane as the upper face of the lateral edge of the plate.
- the profile can be varied within the same face of a plate as a function of the modification or on the contrary of the conservation of the desired phase.
- This evolving profile therefore makes it possible to adapt, for the sake of optimum efficiency, each exchanger to the type of heat transfer that it is supposed to provide.
- the support points constituted by the obstacles of two adjacent plates are offset according to a honeycomb structure, so as to oppose an average thickness greater regular between two adjacent channels receiving the same type of fluid, ie cold fluid or hot fluid. This strengthens the mechanical strength of the plates.
- two adjacent channels in which two different fluids circulate have an offset structure.
- FIG. 6 a zone with a minimum passage section is shown, that is to say a zone of acceleration of the fluid, intended, as already specified, to intensify the heat exchange.
- the plates thus produced give the heat exchanger resulting in thermodynamic performance very significantly increased compared to the plate heat exchangers known to date.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un nouveau type d'échangeur à plaques. Elle concerne également les plaques d'échange thermique permettant la réalisation d'un tel échangeur.The invention relates to a new type of plate heat exchanger. It also relates to the heat exchange plates allowing the production of such an exchanger.
Les échangeurs de chaleur actuels se répartissent en deux catégories principales, à savoir les échangeurs tubulaires, de conception déjà ancienne, et les échangeurs à plaques, plus récents, qui présentent la caractéristique d'être démontables et modulables facilement.Current heat exchangers fall into two main categories, namely tubular exchangers, of an already old design, and plate exchangers, more recent, which have the characteristic of being easily removable and modular.
De manière générale, les échangeurs à plaques et joints sont constitués par un empilement d'un nombre déterminé de plaques nervurées, de même type, qui sont serrées entre deux flasques notamment au moyen de tirants. Ces plaques possèdent en leurs angles des ouvertures, qui, au sein de l'empilement ainsi constitué, définissent des canalisations, respectivement d'amenée et de sortie pour les fluides caloporteurs. Entre deux plaques consécutives est défini de par les nervures un réseau de circulation de l'un des fluides, par exemple le fluide chaud, qui transmet à travers les deux plaques la chaleur à l'autre fluide caloporteur froid, qui circule en sens inverse dans les deux plaques immédiatement consécutives.In general, plate and joint exchangers consist of a stack of a determined number of ribbed plates, of the same type, which are clamped between two flanges, in particular by means of tie rods. These plates have openings at their angles which, within the stack thus formed, define pipes, respectively supply and outlet for the heat transfer fluids. Between two consecutive plates is defined by the ribs a circulation network of one of the fluids, for example the hot fluid, which transmits through the two plates the heat to the other cold heat-transfer fluid, which circulates in opposite directions in the two plates immediately consecutive.
A ce jour, ces plaques d'échange thermique sont réalisées en tout matériau métallique emboutissable, notamment en acier inoxydable, en titane, etc., susceptibles de présenter des performances d'échange thermique relativement bonnes pour un encombrement réduit. Néanmoins, on a souhaité améliorer l'échange thermique entre deux plaques successives et donc faire appel à un matériau présentant une plus grande capacité pour assurer l'échange thermique.To date, these heat exchange plates are made of any metallic stampable material, in particular stainless steel, titanium, etc., capable of exhibiting relatively good heat exchange performance for a reduced bulk. However, we wanted to improve the heat exchange between two successive plates and therefore use a material with a higher capacity to ensure heat exchange.
Parmi ces différents matériaux, il en existe un tout particulièrement bon conducteur de la chaleur, à savoir le graphite. Néanmoins, il présente l'inconvénient rédhibitoire d'être relativement peu résistant mécaniquement, de sorte qu'à ce jour, il n'est pas utilisé pour la réalisation de telles plaques.Among these various materials, there is a very particularly good conductor of heat, namely graphite. However, it has the crippling disadvantage of being relatively weak mechanically, so that to date it is not used for the production of such plates.
On a alors proposé, afin de palier cette insuffisance de propriétés mécaniques, de mouler des plaques nervurées en une résine type PVDF (polysulfure de vinylidène), ou en un polymère fluoré intégrant des particules de graphite (voir par exemple EP-A-0 203 213). Outre la nécessité d'une presse spécifique pour obtenir ce moulage, obtenu dans le cas d'espèce par pressage, les plaques obtenues ne présentent pas une amélioration très significatives des performances d'échange thermique, compte tenu de l'insuffisance de la concentration des particules de graphite dans le matériau composite obtenu.It was then proposed, in order to overcome this insufficiency of mechanical properties, to mold ribbed plates in a resin type PVDF (polysulfide of vinylidene), or in a fluorinated polymer integrating particles of graphite (see for example EP-A-0 203 213). In addition to the need for a specific press to obtain this molding, obtained in the present case by pressing, the plates obtained do not exhibit a very significant improvement in the heat exchange performance, given the insufficient concentration of the graphite particles in the composite material obtained.
On a également proposé pour la réalisation de telles plaques d'intégrer au sein d'une structure carbone-carbone du graphite expansé, l'ensemble ainsi réalisé subissant alors un pressage à chaud, de telle sorte à obtenir le profil souhaité desdites plaques. Cependant, outre la difficulté relative à l'opération de pressage, on observe que nonobstant l'utilisation de graphite, les performances d'échanges thermiques demeurent insuffisantes.It has also been proposed for the production of such plates to integrate within a carbon-carbon structure of expanded graphite, the assembly thus produced then undergoing hot pressing, so as to obtain the desired profile of said plates. However, in addition to the difficulty relating to the pressing operation, it is observed that notwithstanding the use of graphite, the heat exchange performance remains insufficient.
L'objet de l'invention est de proposer un échangeur de chaleur à plaques, réalisé en graphite massif, afin d'augmenter très significativement ses performances d'échange thermique, et susceptible de fonctionner tant en position horizontale que verticale.The object of the invention is to provide a plate heat exchanger, made of solid graphite, in order to very significantly increase its heat exchange performance, and capable of operating both in horizontal and vertical position.
Cet échangeur de chaleur à plaques à circulation parallèle et à contre courant des fluides caloporteurs, est constitué par l'empilement d'un nombre déterminé de plaques nervurées de même dimension, serrées les unes contre les autres entre deux flasques, lesdites plaques dites d'échange thermique présentant dans leurs angles des ouvertures définissant au sein de l'empilement des canalisations respectivement d'amenée et de sortie pour les fluides caloporteurs.This heat exchanger with plates with parallel circulation and against the current of the heat transfer fluids, is constituted by the stacking of a determined number of ribbed plates of the same dimension, clamped against each other between two flanges, said plates called heat exchange having in their angles openings defining within the stack of supply and outlet pipes respectively for the heat transfer fluids.
Il se caractérise en ce que les plaques sont réalisées en graphite massif usiné, préalablement imprégné d'un matériau imperméabilisant, et notamment d'une résine.It is characterized in that the plates are made of solid machined graphite, previously impregnated with a waterproofing material, and in particular with a resin.
En d'autres termes, l'invention consiste à utiliser comme matériau de réalisation, des plaques de graphite massif, usiné dans la masse et ce, à l'encontre de tous les enseignements éloignant le recours à un tel matériau, compte-tenu de sa très faible résistance mécanique, notamment aux pressions engendrées au sein de l'échangeur, pressions qui peuvent facilement atteindre des valeurs voisines de 10.10⁵ à 15.10⁵ Pascals. De fait, les plaques en graphite massif utilisées dans le cadre de l'invention résistent à de telles pressions, compte-tenu de leur profil particulier décrit ci-après.In other words, the invention consists in using as production material, solid graphite plates, machined in the mass and this, contrary to all the teachings which distance the use of such a material, taking into account its very low mechanical resistance, in particular to the pressures generated within the exchanger, pressures which can easily reach values close to 10.10⁵ to 15.10⁵ Pascals. In fact, the solid graphite plates used in the context of the invention resist such pressures, taking into account their particular profile described below.
Selon l'invention, l'une au moins des deux faces de chacune des plaques présente un profil comportant deux zones de distribution constituées d'une pluralité de canaux s'étendant sensiblement radialement sur un secteur à partir de deux des ouvertures de la plaque, et une zone d'échange thermique, mettant en communication les deux zones de distribution, et comportant une pluralité d'obstacles à la progression du fluide circulant entre deux plaques adjacentes, définissant d'une part une multitude de canaux en communication avec les canaux des zones de distribution, et d'autre part des points d'appui de ladite plaque sur la plaque immédiatement adjacente.According to the invention, at least one of the two faces of each of the plates has a profile comprising two distribution zones consisting of a plurality of channels extending substantially radially over a sector from two of the openings in the plate, and a heat exchange zone, connecting the two distribution zones, and comprising a plurality of obstacles to the progression of the fluid flowing between two adjacent plates, defining on the one hand a multitude of channels in communication with the channels of the distribution zones, and on the other hand of the support points of said plate on the immediately adjacent plate.
Selon une caractéristique tout à fait avantageuse de l'invention, la surface supérieure de chacun des obstacles des zones d'échange thermique est plane, et la surface supérieure de chacun desdits obstacles est compris dans le même plan, plan en outre intégrant la surface supérieure du bord latéral de la plaque. De la sorte, il se crée une multitude de points d'appui, propres à conférer aux plaques empilées la résistance mécanique nécessaire pour supporter les pressions des fluides caloporteurs qui traversent l'échangeur.According to a completely advantageous characteristic of the invention, the upper surface of each of the obstacles of the heat exchange zones is planar, and the upper surface of each of said obstacles is included in the same plane, plan additionally integrating the upper surface from the side edge of the plate. In this way, it creates a multitude of support points, capable of giving the stacked plates the mechanical strength necessary to withstand the pressures of the heat transfer fluids which pass through the exchanger.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les deux faces d'une même plaque peuvent présenter des profils différents, afin d'obtenir de meilleures performances thermodynamiques pour chacun des fluides caloporteurs.According to another characteristic of the invention, the two faces of the same plate can have different profiles, in order to obtain better thermodynamic performance for each of the heat transfer fluids.
Ainsi, en choisissant un profil judicieux au niveau de chacune des plaques et avantageusement au niveau de chacune des faces de chacune des plaques, les plaques reposent les unes sur les autres lorsqu'elles sont en place au niveau de l'échangeur, d'une part, au niveau du bord latéral mais également au niveau de chacun des obstacles de la zone d'échange thermique.Thus, by choosing a judicious profile at the level of each of the plates and advantageously at the level of each of the faces of each of the plates, the plates rest on each other when they are in place at the level of the exchanger, of a part, at the lateral edge but also at each of the obstacles in the heat exchange zone.
Avantageusement, les obstacles des zones d'échange thermique ont une forme d'ellipse, de flamme, de "S", de croissant ou de goutte d'eau, et ce, dans le but d'optimiser l'échange thermique en créant au niveau de ces obstacles des turbulences, et en augmentant en outre la surface d'échange thermique. En outre, dans une variante avantageuse, la face latérale de chacun des obstacles présente elle-même des nervures afin d'augmenter encore davantage la surface d'échange thermique et partant, l'efficacité même de cet échange thermique.Advantageously, the obstacles of the heat exchange zones have the shape of an ellipse, flame, "S", crescent or drop of water, and this, in order to optimize the heat exchange by creating at level of these turbulence obstacles, and further increasing the heat exchange surface. In addition, in an advantageous variant, the lateral face of each of the obstacles itself has ribs in order to further increase the heat exchange surface and therefore the very efficiency of this heat exchange.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les différents obstacles se répartissent selon une maille triangulaire ou carrée.According to another characteristic of the invention, the various obstacles are distributed in a triangular or square mesh.
De fait, les canaux définis par les différents obstacles au niveau de cette zone d'échange thermique comporte des variations de section afin de créer des zones d'accélération de fluide, propres également à optimiser l'efficacité de l'échange thermique. Ces zones d'accélération de fluide sont également générées en modifiant la profondeur du profil de ces différents canaux.In fact, the channels defined by the various obstacles at the level of this heat exchange zone include section variations in order to create zones of fluid acceleration, also capable of optimizing the efficiency of the heat exchange. These fluid acceleration zones are also generated by modifying the depth of the profile of these different channels.
La manière dont l'invention peut être réalisée et les avantages qui en découlent ressortiront mieux de l'exemple de réalisation qui suit donné à titre indicatif et non limitatif à l'appui des figures annexées.The manner in which the invention can be implemented and the advantages which ensue therefrom will emerge more clearly from the example of embodiment which follows, given by way of indication and without limitation in support of the appended figures.
La figure 1 est une représentation schématique partiellement en coupe transversale d'un échangeur thermique conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic representation partially in cross section of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue du dessus d'une plaque d'échange thermique conforme à l'invention.Figure 2 is a top view of a heat exchange plate according to the invention.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale de la plaque de la figure 2.Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plate of Figure 2.
La figure 4 est une vue plus détaillée d'une partie de la figure 2.FIG. 4 is a more detailed view of part of FIG. 2.
La figure 5 est une représentation plus détaillée d'une coupe transversale de la plaque conforme à l'invention.Figure 5 is a more detailed representation of a cross section of the plate according to the invention.
La figure 6 est une autre vue en coupe de même nature, réalisée en un lieu différent de celle de la figure 5.FIG. 6 is another sectional view of the same kind, produced in a different location from that of FIG. 5.
Selon l'invention, l'échangeur représenté sur la figure 1 est constitué par l'empilement d'un certain nombre de plaques d'échange thermique (4), réalisées par usinage de plaques de graphite massif préalablement imprégné de résine. De manière connue, cette résine est destinée à obturer les pores que comporte le graphite. Ces différentes plaques (4), taillées selon des dimensions identiques, sont agencées et serrées les unes contre les autres entre deux flasques (1) et (2) et maintenues en l'état au moyen notamment de tirants (3). Entre chaque plaque est en outre positionné un joint (13), avantageusement réalisé en feuilles souples de graphite ou de polymères fluorés tel que le PTFE (polytétrafluoroéthylène), de telle sorte à conserver l'homogénéïté chimique de l'ensemble. On génère de la sorte une alternance de deux circuits indépendants de circulation des fluides, respectivement chaud et froid.According to the invention, the exchanger shown in Figure 1 is constituted by the stacking of a number of heat exchange plates (4), produced by machining solid graphite plates previously impregnated with resin. In known manner, this resin is intended to seal the pores that graphite comprises. These different plates (4), cut to identical dimensions, are arranged and clamped against each other between two flanges (1) and (2) and maintained in the state by means in particular of tie rods (3). Between each plate is further positioned a seal (13), advantageously made of flexible sheets of graphite or of fluoropolymers such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), so as to preserve the chemical homogeneity of the assembly. This generates an alternation of two independent circuits for the circulation of fluids, hot and cold respectively.
Chacune des plaques comporte au niveau de ses quatre angles des ouvertures (5, 6, 7 et 8), qui lors de la superposition desdites plaques définissent des canalisations d'amenée et de sortie des deux fluides caloporteurs.Each of the plates has openings (5, 6, 7 and 8) at its four angles which, when said plates are superimposed, define supply and outlet pipes for the two heat transfer fluids.
A titre illustratif, les deux ouvertures (5) et (6) de la plaque représentée sur la figure 2 correspondent respectivement à l'amenée et à la sortie de l'un des fluides caloporteurs, alors que les ouvertures (7) et (8) sont destinées à l'amenée et à la sortie du second fluide caloporteur au niveau de l'autre face de la plaque représentée sur la figure 2.By way of illustration, the two openings (5) and (6) of the plate shown in FIG. 2 correspond respectively to the inlet and the outlet of one of the heat transfer fluids, while the openings (7) and (8 ) are intended for supplying and leaving the second heat transfer fluid at the other face of the plate shown in FIG. 2.
De fait et de manière connue, les deux fluides caloporteurs respectivement le fluide chaud et le fluide froid n'entrent jamais en contact. Ainsi que cela a déjà été décrit, deux plaques consécutives sont jointées entre elles, au moyen d'un joint (13), s'étendant dans une gorge (12) ménagée au niveau de la périphérie de chacune des plaques. En outre, au niveau de chacune des faces d'une plaque, les deux ouvertures correspondant au circuit de l'autre face sont également jointées au moyen d'un joint (15), reçu dans une gorge (14), située sur la périphérie des dites ouvertures. Comme pour le joint (13), ce joint (15) est avantageusement réalisé en feuilles souples de graphite ou de polymères fluorés (tel que par exemple en PTFE).In fact and in known manner, the two heat transfer fluids respectively the hot fluid and the cold fluid never come into contact. As has already been described, two consecutive plates are joined together, by means of a seal (13), extending in a groove (12) formed at the periphery of each of the plates. In addition, at each of the faces of a plate, the two openings corresponding to the circuit of the other face are also joined by means of a seal (15), received in a groove (14), located on the periphery. said openings. As for the seal (13), this seal (15) is advantageously made of flexible sheets of graphite or of fluorinated polymers (such as for example PTFE).
Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, au moins l'une des deux faces desdites plaques est usinée dans la masse, et ce par tout moyen connu et notamment, au moyen de machines à commande numérique gérant l'action de fraises de forme, afin de définir des canaux et des obstacles au sein de cette plaque, destinés respectivement à guider et à induire l'échange thermique entre le fluide chaud et la plaque d'une part, et entre la plaque ainsi réchauffée et le fluide froid d'autre part.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, at least one of the two faces of said plates is machined in the mass, and this by any known means and in particular, by means of numerically controlled machines managing the action of shaped cutters, in order to define channels and obstacles within this plate, intended respectively to guide and induce the heat exchange between the hot fluid and the plate on the one hand, and between the plate thus heated and the cold fluid on the other go.
De fait et ainsi que l'on peut l'observer sur la figure 2, chacune des faces est divisée en trois zones, respectivement deux zones de distribution portant la référence générale A et une zone d'échange thermique portant la référence générale B.In fact and as can be seen in FIG. 2, each of the faces is divided into three zones, respectively two distribution zones bearing the general reference A and a heat exchange zone bearing the general reference B.
Les zones de distribution A sont constituées par une pluralité de canaux (9) s'étendant sensiblement radialement à partir de l'ouverture respectivement (5) et (6) et ce sur un secteur seulement de disque. Plus spécifiquement, ces canaux ont pour but d'assurer le transfert du fluide depuis l'ouverture d'amenée (5) sur toute la largeur de la plaque, puis de la largeur de la plaque à l'ouverture de sortie (6).The distribution zones A are constituted by a plurality of channels (9) extending substantially radially from the opening respectively (5) and (6) and this over only one disc sector. More specifically, the purpose of these channels is to ensure the transfer of the fluid from the inlet opening (5) over the entire width of the plate, then from the width of the plate to the outlet opening (6).
En outre, afin d'aboutir à une isorépartition du fluide au niveau de la zone d'échange thermique B, les canaux (9) présentent des profils différents selon leur longueur et donc selon leur orientation par rapport aux ouvertures respectives (5,6). Ainsi, la section des canaux les plus courts est inférieure à celle des canaux de longueur plus importante, afin justement d'équilibrer la répartition du fluide au niveau de la totalité de la largeur de la plaque. De plus, afin de réduire la perte de charge, et partant d'améliorer la distribution, le profil de chacun des canaux (9) varie progressivement des ouvertures (5,6) vers la zone d'échange thermique B.In addition, in order to achieve an isorepartition of the fluid at the level of the heat exchange zone B , the channels (9) have different profiles according to their length and therefore according to their orientation relative to the respective openings (5,6). . Thus, the section of the shortest channels is smaller than that of the longer channels, precisely in order to balance the distribution of the fluid at the level of the entire width of the plate. In addition, in order to reduce the pressure drop, and therefore to improve the distribution, the profile of each of the channels (9) gradually varies from the openings (5,6) towards the heat exchange zone B.
La zone d'échange thermique B de chacune des plaques est constituée d'une pluralité de canaux (10), également usinés dans la masse, et comporte une pluralité d'obstacles (11), avantageusement de forme allongée et répartis selon une maille carrée ou triangulaire.The heat exchange zone B of each of the plates consists of a plurality of channels (10), also machined in the mass, and comprises a plurality of obstacles (11), advantageously of elongated shape and distributed in a square mesh or triangular.
Ces obstacles (11) présentent une forme d'ellipse, de flamme, de "S", de croissant voire de goutte d'eau, et sont destinés d'une part, à augmenter la surface d'échange thermique, mais également à créer des zones de turbulence pour favoriser l'échange thermique entre le fluide et la plaque. De plus, de par la présence des obstacles (11), il se crée des zones de section plus réduite, afin de générer des accélérations locales du fluide qui permettent d'intensifier l'échange thermique, mais également d'augmenter la surface d'échange et en outre, de renforcer la résistance mécanique de la plaque.These obstacles (11) have the shape of an ellipse, flame, "S", crescent or even drop of water, and are intended on the one hand, to increase the heat exchange surface, but also to create turbulence zones to promote heat exchange between the fluid and the plate. In addition, by the presence of obstacles (11), zones of smaller section are created, in order to generate local accelerations of the fluid which make it possible to intensify the heat exchange, but also to increase the surface of exchange and further strengthen the mechanical strength of the plate.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les obstacles (11) présentent une surface supérieure plane, susceptible ainsi de créer des points d'appui avec les obstacles matérialisés sur la plaque positionnée en vis à vis, en complémentarité avec la surface d'appui constituée par les bords des plaques. On peut observer sur les figures 5 et 6 cette coopération des plaques entre elles, créant deux réseaux indépendants de circulation des deux fluides, et s'appuyant l'une sur l'autre par le biais desdits obstacles et de leur bord extérieur.According to a characteristic of the invention, the obstacles (11) have a flat upper surface, thus capable of creating support points with the obstacles materialized on the plate positioned opposite, in complementarity with the support surface formed. by the edges of the plates. We can observe in Figures 5 and 6 this cooperation of the plates together, creating two independent networks of circulation of the two fluids, and pressing one on the other through said obstacles and their outer edge.
De fait et comme déjà dit, la résistance mécanique de l'ensemble est accrue, permettant ainsi à l'échangeur de supporter des pressions de travail élevées.In fact and as already said, the mechanical resistance of the assembly is increased, thus allowing the exchanger to withstand high working pressures.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les zones d'accélération du liquide sont également constituées par des variations locales de la profondeur d'usinage des canaux (10).According to another characteristic of the invention, the zones of acceleration of the liquid are also formed by local variations in the machining depth of the channels (10).
Les obstacles (11) présentent une surface latérale uniforme ou au contraire, usinés de telle sorte à présenter des micro-canaux, destinés une nouvelle fois à augmenter la surface d'échange thermique, et partant l'efficacité de l'échange thermique.The obstacles (11) have a uniform lateral surface or, on the contrary, machined so as to present micro-channels, intended once again to increase the heat exchange surface, and hence the efficiency of the heat exchange.
On a représenté sur la figure 3 une coupe transversale de la plaque sur laquelle on observe les plateaux crées par les obstacles (11) ainsi que les canaux (10). On observe ainsi que les plateaux desdits obstacles sont situés dans le même plan que la face supérieure du bord latéral de la plaque.There is shown in Figure 3 a cross section of the plate on which we observe the plates created by the obstacles (11) and the channels (10). It is thus observed that the plates of said obstacles are located in the same plane as the upper face of the lateral edge of the plate.
Compte-tenu de la variation possible de l'épaisseur de la plaque, de la profondeur et de la largeur du profil d'usinage, et de la forme et de la disposition des osbtacles, il est ainsi possible de créer des plaques adaptées aux différents types de transfert thermique, et notamment au transfert monophasique ou diphasique.Given the possible variation of the thickness of the plate, the depth and the width of the machining profile, and the shape and arrangement of the obstacles, it is thus possible to create plates adapted to the different types of heat transfer, and in particular single-phase or two-phase transfer.
En outre, on peut faire varier le profil au sein d'une même face d'une plaque en fonction de la modification ou au contraire de la conservation de la phase souhaitée. Ce profil évolutif permet donc d'adapter dans un souci d'efficacité optimum chaque échangeur au type de transfert thermique qu'il est supposé assurer.In addition, the profile can be varied within the same face of a plate as a function of the modification or on the contrary of the conservation of the desired phase. This evolving profile therefore makes it possible to adapt, for the sake of optimum efficiency, each exchanger to the type of heat transfer that it is supposed to provide.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, par ailleurs matérialisée au sein de la figure 5, les points d'appui constitués par les obstacles de deux plaques adjacentes sont décalées selon une structure en nid d'abeilles, de façon à opposer une épaisseur moyenne régulière plus importante entre deux canaux adjacents recevant le même type de fluide, c'est à dire fluide froid ou fluide chaud. On renforce de la sorte la résistance mécanique des plaques. En revanche, dans cette forme de réalisation, deux canaux adjacents dans lesquels circulent deux fluides différents présentent une structure décalée.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, further embodied in FIG. 5, the support points constituted by the obstacles of two adjacent plates are offset according to a honeycomb structure, so as to oppose an average thickness greater regular between two adjacent channels receiving the same type of fluid, ie cold fluid or hot fluid. This strengthens the mechanical strength of the plates. On the other hand, in this embodiment, two adjacent channels in which two different fluids circulate have an offset structure.
En revanche, dans la figure 6, on a représenté une zone à section de passage minimum c'est à dire une zone d'accélération du fluide, destinée, comme déja précisé, à intensifier l'échange thermique.On the other hand, in FIG. 6, a zone with a minimum passage section is shown, that is to say a zone of acceleration of the fluid, intended, as already specified, to intensify the heat exchange.
Les plaques ainsi réalisées confèrent à l'échangeur en résultant des performances thermodynamiques très nettement accrues par rapport aux échangeurs à plaques connus à ce jour.The plates thus produced give the heat exchanger resulting in thermodynamic performance very significantly increased compared to the plate heat exchangers known to date.
L'utilisation de graphite intervient pour une grande partie dans cette augmentation de rendement, mais également l'adoption d'un profil particulier, permettant de par la création de turbulences, de par l'augmentation de certains échanges thermiques et de par la création de zones d'accélération du fluide, et enfin de par le choix judicieux du profil des obstacles, d'optimiser les échanges thermiques, sans pour autant pénaliser la circulation du fluide dans les canaux.The use of graphite intervenes for a large part in this increase in yield, but also the adoption of a particular profile, allowing by the creation of turbulence, by the increase in certain heat exchanges and by the creation of fluid acceleration zones, and finally by the judicious choice of the profile of the obstacles, to optimize the heat exchanges, without penalizing the circulation of the fluid in the channels.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9306257 | 1993-05-18 | ||
| FR9306257A FR2705445B1 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1993-05-18 | Plate heat exchanger. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0625688A1 true EP0625688A1 (en) | 1994-11-23 |
Family
ID=9447442
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94420143A Ceased EP0625688A1 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-17 | Plate heat exchanger |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5544703A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0625688A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2705445B1 (en) |
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| EP1106729A3 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2002-02-13 | Joma-Polytec Kunststofftechnik GmbH | Cross flow heat exchanger for laundry drier with condenser |
| EP2508832A1 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-10 | Michael Rehberg | Plastic plate heat exchanger |
| CN102706201A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 浙江微智源能源技术有限公司 | Micro-channel structure of heat exchanger |
| CN105547019A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-04 | 西安交通大学 | High temperature and high pressure plate heat exchanger for fins distributed unevenly |
| FR3062470A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-03 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | EXCHANGE PLATE FOR HEAT EXCHANGER WITH PLATES AND HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CORRESPONDING PLATES |
| WO2018142065A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Heat-exchange plate for plate-type heat exchanger and corresponding plate-type heat exchanger |
| JPWO2019043802A1 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社Ｗｅｌｃｏｎ | Heat exchanger |
| EP3677866A4 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2021-03-17 | Welcon Inc. | HEAT EXCHANGER |
| US11384992B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2022-07-12 | Welcon Inc. | Heat exchanger |
| CN110319730A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-11 | 南通晨光石墨设备有限公司 | A kind of production technology of graphite corrugated heat-exchange plate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5544703A (en) | 1996-08-13 |
| FR2705445A1 (en) | 1994-11-25 |
| FR2705445B1 (en) | 1995-07-07 |
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