EP0672806B1 - Shuttering arrangement and method of application - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of structures of buildings and public works, and more particularly a formwork device for making vertical walls, also called sails, by pouring concrete between two formwork panels, also known as formwork.

The formwork panels are connected at the top by a commercial mechanical device called "compass" on the one hand the transport, with a single crane stroke, of a couple of panels from one point work to another, and secondly to ensure the stability of the panels. When a couple of panels are laid on a support slab in a new work site, a first panel is laid ready for formwork while that the second is temporarily kept out of its position of formwork, to allow intervention between panels, by example for carrying out cleaning, lubrication, setting up place of various reinforcements or incorporations. When these operations formwork is completed, the second panel is close to the first, either by means of crowbars and in successive blows, or crane means. In the first case, the action of the mine bars deteriorates the formwork and mark the support slab if it is freshly poured, and in the second case the intervention of the crane is penalizing for the productivity and the general organization of the site.

The publication FR-A-2 459 860 has proposed a device for formwork comprising two formwork panels connected at the top by at least one articulated structure capable of stabilizing the panels in a spread position allowing access between panels for operations prior to casting and in a close-up position for casting of concrete between the panels, one of the panels being provided with rollers main allowing its movement by rolling between said positions.

The object of the present invention is to provide a device of improved formwork allowing the transport of the second panel to its formwork position without damaging it or of the support slab and without crane intervention, and improved stability during the transport.

The invention achieves this by the fact that the structure is designed to allow tilting of this roller panel backwards before and during rolling so as to ensure the stability of the formwork device and for allow the straightening of this panel when it has arrived in position close together.

The spacing and approximation of the panels can thus be done without deterioration of the support slab or panels, and with high security due to the inclination of the panel fitted with rollers main, before and during taxiing.

In one embodiment of the invention, the articulated structure used is a compass whose joints have, in the close position of panels, sufficient clearance allowing the straightening of the equipped panel main casters. Advantageously, the panel fitted with rollers main also has support casters more distant than the main rollers from its bottom edge, the vertical from the center of gravity of this panel when in an inclined position passing between the axes main casters and support casters. The axis of each roulette support preferably extends between flanges articulated on a support integral with the panel, these flanges being tiltable between a first support position on the ground tending to keep the panel in position straightened and a second support position on the ground corresponding to the tilted position of the panel. Advantageously, the height of the axis of the main rollers, measured from the bottom edge of the panel that they equip, is adjustable, which allows to compensate for irregularities of surface that could present the support slab or to cross obstacles.

a) déposer à l'aide d'un dispositif de levage un dispositif de coffrage conforme à l'invention, l'un des panneaux étant positionné de manière à définir une face principale du mur à construire, les deux panneaux étant initialement dans une position écartée autorisant l'accès entre eux pour effectuer des opérations préalables au coffrage, telles que le nettoyage, le graissage, la mise en place d'armatures, ou d'incorporations diverses, l'autre panneau étant équipé de roulettes, la stabilité du dispositif de coffrage étant assurée par la ou les structures articulées,

b) rapprocher par roulage le panneau équipé de roulettes pour l'amener dans une position où il définit l'autre face principale du mur à construire,

c) couler du béton entre les panneaux,

d) procéder au décoffrage,

caractérisé en ce que le panneau est incliné avant et pendant le roulage et redressé au terme du roulage.The present invention also relates to a method for producing a concrete wall comprising the steps consisting in:

a) deposit using a lifting device a formwork device according to the invention, one of the panels being positioned so as to define a main face of the wall to be constructed, the two panels being initially in a position separated allowing access between them to perform operations prior to formwork, such as cleaning, lubrication, the installation of reinforcements, or various incorporations, the other panel being equipped with rollers, the stability of the device formwork being provided by the articulated structure or structures,

b) bringing the panel fitted with rollers together to bring it into a position where it defines the other main face of the wall to be constructed,

c) pouring concrete between the panels,

d) formwork removal,

characterized in that the panel is inclined before and during driving and straightened at the end of driving.

• la figure 1 est une vue de profil montrant un dispositif de coffrage conforme à l'invention, les panneaux de coffrage étant en position écartée,
• la figure 2 est une vue de profil, partielle, montrant les panneaux en position rapprochée,
• la figure 3 est une vue détaillée montrant l'agencement des roulettes principales et des roulettes d'appui, en position inclinée de roulage du panneau,
• la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 3 montrant cette fois-ci le panneau redressé en position de coffrage,
• la figure 5 est une vue à échelle agrandie illustrant le montage d'une roulette d'appui à l'extrémité inférieure d'un étai stabilisateur,
• la figure 6 est une vue de face selon la flèche VI de la figure 5,
• les figures 7A à 7H illustrent différentes étapes de mise en oeuvre du dispositif de coffrage selon l'invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention, and on examining the appended drawing in which:

• FIG. 1 is a side view showing a formwork device according to the invention, the formwork panels being in the separated position,
• FIG. 2 is a partial side view showing the panels in the close position,
• FIG. 3 is a detailed view showing the arrangement of the main rollers and the support rollers, in an inclined position for rolling the panel,
• FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 this time showing the panel straightened in the formwork position,
• FIG. 5 is a view on an enlarged scale illustrating the mounting of a support wheel at the lower end of a stabilizing stay,
• FIG. 6 is a front view along the arrow VI in FIG. 5,
• Figures 7A to 7H illustrate different stages of implementation of the formwork device according to the invention.

The formwork device shown in Figure 1 comprises two formwork panels B1 and B2 facing each other, connected superiorly by at least one articulated structure. In the example described, the panels B1 and B2 are connected by two compasses 10 respectively located at proximity to opposite vertical edges of panels, only one of the two compass 10 being visible in FIG. 1. Each compass 10 includes so known per se two uprights 11 and 12 respectively fixed on the panels B1 and B2 and two pairs of parallel connecting rods 13, 14, articulated at one end on the uprights 11 and 12 and at the other end on a common part 15, of so as to keep the uprights 11 and 12 generally parallel, whatever or the spacing of the panels B1 and B2. However, the joints of the connecting rods have a clearance which allows an angular movement of the panel B2, this angular travel increasing when the spacing between the panels decreases. In close position of the panels, as shown in the Figure 2, the angular travel β reaches a few degrees on both sides from the position shown in solid lines, which is sufficient to allow straightening of panel B2 from an inclined position, as will be specified below.

The panels B1 and B2 are each equipped in a manner known per se on their face opposite to the formwork face of a walkway 16 and of structures respective rear support 20 and 30. We see in Figure 1 that single rear support structure 20 and one rear support structure 30 equipping panels B1 and B2 respectively. Structures 20 and 30 have stays of adjustable length referenced respectively 21 and 31.

The formwork device is shown in Figure 1 with the panels B1 and B2 in a separated position allowing to perform between the panels for operations prior to pouring concrete. Panel B1 rests ready for formwork, its formwork face being vertical, on a slab support D by its lower edge A1 and by pads 22 mounted at the lower end of the props 21. The panel B2 is inclined towards the rear, forming with the panel B1 an open angle upwards. The uprights 11 are fixed to panel B1 so as to extend vertically when the latter is placed ready for formwork on the slab support D and the uprights 12 are fixed to the panel B2 so as to extend approximately vertically when panel B2 is tilted toward rear, as shown in Figure 1. When panel B2 is close to panel B1, the compasses 10 deform while maintaining the two uprights 11 and 12 generally parallel, so keeping the panel B2 tilted backwards, which guarantees great stability to the formwork before and during the bringing together of the panels.

This reconciliation is carried out by rolling thanks to rollers main 40 fitted to panel B2 and to support rollers 50 mounted at the lower end of the struts 31, the center of gravity of the panel B2, when tilted back, passing between the axes of rotation, parallel, main rollers 40 and support rollers 50.

The main rollers 40 are each supported by an axis 41 rotatably mounted, by support means integral with the panel B2, the as close as possible to the lower edge A2 of the latter. Axis 41 presents an axial end shaped to engage with a ratchet, for the rotational drive of the main wheel 40 associated. In the example described, the support means of the axis 41 are fixed relative to the panel B2. Alternatively, the pin 41 can be mounted on support means authorizing an adjustment of its height, measured in relation to the lower edge A2, which compensates for irregularities in the surface of the slab support D and avoid obstacles when driving. Axis 41 is positioned by relative to the edge A2 so that in the inclined position of the panel B2, the lower edge A2 does not rest on the support slab D.

As shown more particularly in FIGS. 3 and 4, the forestay 31 is articulated at its upper end at 32 on the panel B2. Each rear support structure 30 comprises an arm 33 hinged to a end at 34 on the forestay 31 and having at its other end 35 a hook allowing attachment to panel B2, to maintain the forestay 31 in a support position for panel B2.

The mounting of the support roller has been detailed in FIGS. 5 and 6 50 at the lower end of the forestay 31. According to a characteristic advantageous of the invention, and as shown more particularly on Figure 6, the axis 55 of each support wheel 50 fitted to a stay 31 extends between two flanges 52 pivotally mounted on a support 53 extending lower forestay 31. A tube 54, not shown in FIG. 6 for reasons of clarity of the drawing, is reported externally on one of the flanges 52 to receive a flange tilting lever 52. The axle 55 is welded at its ends to the flanges 52. The latter revolve around an axis 56 passing through the support 53 while extending parallel to the axis 55. The support 53 is welded to a flat plate 58, itself bolted to a plate plane 57 welded to the lower end of the forestay 31 and extending generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the latter.

The flanges 52 have on their contour two edges 52a and 52b shaped to come into abutment, during the tilting of the flanges 52 around axis 56, against plate 58 in order to define two different positions for the support roller 50, corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 4, and shown in line solid and in broken lines in Figure 5. More specifically, in the position of Figure 3, the flanges 52 abut against the plate 58 by their edges 52a and, in the position of FIG. 3, after tilting of About 90 ° of these clockwise in Figure 2, by their edges 52b, to straighten the panel B2.

Each arm 33 comprises, as shown in FIG. 6, two branches articulated by legs 34 on an axis 38. This axis 38 crosses the forestay 31 perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, and extends parallel to the axes 55 and 56. The branches 33 diverge away from the axis 38 with a spacing given by spacers 39 extending parallel to this axis.

The implementation of the formwork device according to this The invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7H.

The formwork device is removed by any lifting means suitable for support slab D, panel B1 being placed directly in its formwork position shown in Figure 7A, in which it defines a opposite the wall to be built. Preferably, in accordance with a advantageous characteristic of the invention, the formwork device is provided lifting hooks L1 and L2 arranged on the panels B1 and B2 so as to that when the formwork device is placed on the support slab D, the panel B1 hits the ground first.

The panel B1 rests by its lower edge A1 and by the pads 22 of the rear support structures 20 on the support slab D, its formwork face being vertical. Panel B2 rests on the support slab via main rollers 40 and support rollers 50 in the rolling position, the lower edge A2 being detached from the support slab D, by a distance of 1.5 about cm in the example described. The flanges 52 are in their position of rolling shown in Figure 3, that is to say with the edges 52a coming abutment against plate 58. In this position away from panels B1 and B2 represented in FIG. 7A, cleaning is carried out in a manner known per se panels, their lubrication, the installation of R reinforcements on irons pending or various incorporations.

Then, as shown in Figure 7B, the panel B2 is near panel B1, compasses 10 holding panel B2 tilted while driving. The displacement of panel B2 is preferably carried out at by means of a ratchet engaging the axis 41 of a caster main 40.

At the end of driving, as shown in FIG. 7C, the panel B2 is straightened by tilting the flanges 52, by means of a lever engaged in the tube 54, until the edges 52b of the latter stop against plate 58. This straightening is possible thanks to the play of joints of the connecting rods 13 and 14 of the compasses 10 in the close position panels. The lower edge A2 of the panel B2 comes to rest on the ground while the main caster 40 takes off slightly from the support slab D. The two panels are advantageously held in a manner known per se, for pouring concrete, by threaded rods F shown in FIG. 7D, these rods allowing to precisely adjust the parallelism of the faces shuttering.

After setting the concrete, the formwork device is dismantled according to figure 7E by slightly tilting the panels B1 and B2 backwards by shortening the props 21 and 31 of the support structures rear 20 and 30. Then the panel B2 is inclined by tilting the flanges 52 towards their rolling position shown in FIG. 3, that is to say with the edges 52a abutting against the plate 58.

The formwork device is then removed as shown on the FIG. 7F, using lifting cables C passing through a spacer E, to be moved to a new working position. C cables are separated by a distance greater than the distance between the lifting hooks L1 and L2 of panels B1 and B2, so that when the formwork device is lifted, the panels B1 and B2 tend, under the effect of their own weight, to move away from each other, as shown in Figure 7G. Preferably, the spacer E is chosen so that the spacing of the panels B1 and B2 during their transport is less than the maximum spacing allowed by the compass 10.

The formwork device can be transported with panels B1 and B2 in a position close to their maximum spacing or in a intermediate spacing position between the maximum spacing position and the close position. The second case avoids obstacles during the installation of the formwork device, the spacing of the panels then being corrected, if necessary, by rolling the panel B2.

Claims (9)

1. A shuttering device comprising two shuttering panels (B1, B2) connected together at the top by at least one linkage (10) suitable for stabilizing the panels (B1, B2) in a spaced-apart position that allows access to the space between the panels for operations prior to pouring, and in a close-together position for pouring concrete between the panels, one of the panels (B2) being wheeled with main wheels (40) enabling it to be moved between said positions by running on the wheels, the device being characterized in that said linkage (10) is designed to enable the wheeled panel (B2) to slope backwards before and while running on the wheels so as to ensure that the shuttering device is stable, and to enable said panel (B2) to be stood up once it has reached the close-together position.
2. A shuttering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the linkage (10) is, for example, a commercially available compass linkage having hinges with sufficient slack in the close-together position of the panels to allow the wheeled panel (B2) to be stood up.
3. A shuttering device according to claim 2, characterized in that the wheeled panel (B2) also has stabilizer wheels (50) that are further away from its bottom edge (A2) than are the main wheels (40), the center of gravity of the panel while it is in its sloping position then being vertically above a point lying between the axis of the main wheels (40) and the axis of the stabilizer wheels (50).
4. A shuttering device according to claim 3, characterized in that the axle (55) of each stabilizer wheel (50) extends between cheeks (52) which are hinged to a support (53) secured to the panel (B2), the cheeks (52) being tiltable between a first floor-engaging position where they tend to hold the panel (B2) in its upright position, and a second floor-engaging position corresponding to the panel (B2) being in its sloping position.
5. A shuttering device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the height of the axis (41) of the main wheels (40) above the bottom edge (A2) of the panel (B2) to which they are fitted, is adjustable.
6. A shuttering device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the main wheels (40) are suitable for being rotated by means of a spanner engaging their axles (41).
7. A shuttering device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each of the panels (B1, B2) is fitted with lifting hooks disposed in such a manner that the panel (B2) fitted with the wheels touches down second when the shuttering device, suspended from a hoist, is put down on the floor, said panel then sloping backwards.
8. A method of making a concrete wall comprising the steps consisting in:

   a) using a hoist to put into place a shuttering device having two shuttering panels (B1, B2), one of the panels (B1) being positioned so as to define one of the main faces of the wall to be built, the two panels (B1, B2) initially being in a spaced-apart position giving access to the space between them to perform operations prior to shuttering, e.g. cleaning, greasing, and installing reinforcement or various inserts, the other panel (B2) being wheeled, and the stability of the shuttering device being ensured by the linkage(s) (10);

   b) the wheeled panel (B2) is run towards the other panel to bring it into a position where it defines the other main face of the wall to be built;

   c) concrete is poured between the panels; and

   d) unshuttering is performed;

      the method being characterized in that said shuttering device is in accordance with any preceding claim, and in that before and while running the wheeled panel is sloping and it is tilted upright after it has finished running.
9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the shuttering device is put down by means of cables organized in such a manner that the spacing between the panels prior to the panel fitted with floor-engaging wheels is less than their maximum spacing, with the spacing between the panels then being corrected, where appropriate.

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