EP0670025B1 - Air supply and air evacuation device for an interior space - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention pertains to an air supply and air evacuation device (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 4) for an interior space (2), with a control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) that works with a sensor (5a, 5b; 1.41, 1.42, 1.51, 1.613) for detecting a control variable and that has a processing unit (71a to 71d; 1.2, 1.3) for producing a control signal from the control variable as well as an actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) for changing the amount of air supplied depending on and in response to the control signal, where the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) works with at least one sensor (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for automatically detecting the presence of people in the interior space (2) or an anticipated value for this presence, and the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has a processing unit (1.3) that is connected on the input side with the output of this sensor and is used to produce a control signal which corresponds to the actual presence of people in the interior space and/or an anticipated presence based on the periodic presence of people in the past and which is supplied to the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 4.11) or another processing unit (1.81) for linkage with other control signals.

Description

The invention relates to a room fan for ventilation an interior according to the preamble of the claim 1. Such a device is from the publication GB-A-2 242 515.

With such a device it is possible on the basis a measurement signal of the interior humidity in one ventilation room via an analogue flap or engine control to control the air flow so that the air humidity is kept in a predetermined range becomes.

An active supply air device, as is known, for example, from EP-A-0 428 240, basically works in a map as shown in FIG. 1, in particular in continuous operation at variable speed. It is known that the feeling of comfort for the occupants, which is at the center of the technical considerations in the ventilation design of residential buildings, in addition to the humidity of other physical variables - in particular air temperature, surrounding surface temperature, air speed, CO ₂ content, odorant concentration, sound level, exposure - depends, a part of which is influenced or can be influenced by ventilation measures. The air humidity does not necessarily have to be the most important parameter. It is therefore desirable to design the ventilation of a room in which people are staying in such a way that they find the room comfortable.

Otherwise, with the ventilation and exhaust to meet building physics requirements. In conventional In this way, the users of residential buildings react to the missing Feeling of comfort, especially on subjective unpleasant sensations (especially odor nuisance, subjectively as highly perceived room humidity, as drafts perceived high air speed, as noise pollution perceived fan noise) among other things by manual operation of existing exhaust fans, i.e. by switching on / off or - if technically provided - Speed changeover.

The setting made here - such as permanent switching off the fan because of the noise or Continuous running at high speed after forgotten downshift - is often the condition of the building or comfort or objectively not beneficial to both.

It is in addition to the fan control mentioned due to the Indoor air humidity from EP 0 085 428 and EP 0 165 175 also known, instead of the humidity differences in temperature in the room or next to the air humidity the air temperature as Tax amount.

Almost all known room ventilators or ventilators are operated manually serves - which harbors the described risks - or due to physical quantities without consideration controlled the presence of people. More complex controls or regulations with simultaneous consideration the usage situation of rooms as well as building physics However, requirements only apply to air conditioning systems, especially centrally controlled room air conditioning systems. Such air conditioning systems are costly and energy consuming in production and operation and based on recent knowledge by no means from an occupational medical perspective optimal.

GB-A-2 242 515 mentioned at the outset describes one Room fan, which also includes sensors for detecting the presence provided by people in a room or area are and taking their control into account the presence of persons.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for work To provide ventilation of an interior that automatically the ventilation depending on its state of use (the presence and possibly the number of people in the room) with foresight can and therefore to a large extent ventilation feasible comfort criteria as well building physics requirements is suitable.

This task is solved by a room fan, which Features of claim 1.

The invention includes the idea of a ventilation device with automatic - i.e. from by users manually performed switching operations or settings more independent - recording of those based on empirical values from the past at certain times expected presence of people in the loading and venting interior and appropriate control of the To create air flow.

Such a device is capable of ventilation the interior (which also consist of several rooms can, whereby the people are not necessarily in that Must be in a room where the device is installed is) in coordination with the presence of people according to predefined settings or under capture ventilation-relevant measured variables primarily on the warranty high air quality and achieving thermal To turn off comfort. At times or in rooms, to / in which no people are present, however, can the ventilation can be controlled so that it primarily the fulfillment of building physics requirements (e.g. through intensive dehumidification) or optimal is energy-saving (approx by supplying fresh air for dehumidification over low tempered rooms of the apartment).

It is in the system with other devices to optimize the Air distribution in an apartment according to the presence of people in certain rooms at certain times in a position.

Appropriate configurations are to the subclaims remove.

Fig. 1 eine den Arbeitsbereich eines feuchtegesteuerten Entlüfters verdeutlichende Darstellung der statischen Druckdifferenz in Abhängigkeit vom Fördervolumen,

Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Luftströme in eine, innerhalb einer und aus einer Wohnung mit mehreren Zuluftgeräten und einem Abluftgerät,

Fig. 3 eine auf Fig. 2 aufbauende Darstellung eines gesteuerten lufttechnischen Systems für ein Wohngebäude unter Einschluß des erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes,

Fig. 4 das Prinzipschaltbild der Steuerung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes in einer Ausführungsform,

Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer der Steuerung nach Fig. 4 zugeordneten Hierarchie von Signalübertragungsfenstern in Form von Zeitschlitzen,

Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung eines gegenüber Fig. 4 abgewandelten Teiles der Steuerung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes in einer Ausführungsform,

Fig. 7 eine Ansicht des mechanischen Aufbaus einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes (Vorderansicht mit aufgeklapptem Lüfterdeckel) in Form eines Entlüfters und

Fig. 8 das Schaltbild der Motorsteuerung des Gerätes gemäß Figur 7.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. From the figures show:

1 is a representation of the static pressure difference depending on the delivery volume, illustrating the working range of a moisture-controlled ventilator,

2 shows a schematic representation of the air flows into, within and out of an apartment with a plurality of supply air devices and an exhaust air device,

3 shows a representation of a controlled ventilation system for a residential building, including the device according to the invention, based on FIG. 2,

4 shows the basic circuit diagram of the control of the device according to the invention in one embodiment,

5 shows a schematic representation of a hierarchy of signal transmission windows in the form of time slots assigned to the controller according to FIG. 4,

6 shows a schematic illustration of a part of the control of the device according to the invention, modified in comparison to FIG. 4, in one embodiment,

Fig. 7 is a view of the mechanical structure of an embodiment of the device according to the invention (front view with the fan cover open) in the form of a breather and

8 shows the circuit diagram of the motor control of the device according to FIG. 7.

In the diagram shown in FIG. 1, the work area AF (shown cross-hatched) of a moisture-controlled ventilator, as is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, is reproduced as it is used in an embodiment according to the invention. The delivery volume v is plotted in m ³ / h on the horizontal axis, while the static pressure difference δp _stat is plotted in N / m ² on the vertical axis. The power of the fan motor is increased approximately proportionally with increasing humidity. As can be seen from the illustration, the delivery volume is also proportional to the relative humidity - essentially independent of the static pressure difference determined by the properties of the exhaust air duct. The fan essentially works as a "humidity-controlled source with a constant delivery volume", the actual delivery volume being slightly reduced depending on the static pressure difference in the control range between from curve ad to curve bc.

2 shows a spatially clear illustration schematically the fluidic conditions in and in the vicinity of an apartment with contemporary ventilation Equipment.

It can be seen how air is brought in by several supply air devices the lounges and from them - especially about overflow openings provided for this purpose in the inner doors - flows into the bathroom and via an exhaust device provided there is sucked into an exhaust air duct. Instead of one Exhaust device can also have multiple devices, in particular a second device in the kitchen as a second essential Process room of each apartment.

In Fig. 3 is shown schematically and by way of example, how the air flow is basically controlled automatically can:

The exterior 1 of an apartment is with the interior 2 (which according to FIG. 3 from a living room 2a and a bedroom 2b as lounges and a kitchen 2c and one Bad 2d as a so-called process room) has one in each Living room 2a and supply air unit arranged in bedroom 2b 3a and 3b, through which fresh air is supplied to the interior 2 is, as well as one each assigned to the kitchen 2c and the bathroom 2d Exhaust device 4a or 4b, via the air from the interior 2 is sucked into the exterior 1, connected. The number of supply and exhaust air units can differ from that shown distinguish, basically up to the complete No supply or extract air device under certain conditions, which will be discussed further below.

There is also - because a building envelope never completely can be made tight - further connection points, on which secondary supply air and / or secondary exhaust air between the Interior and exterior flows.

In the interior 2 there are two interior sensors 5a and 5b, of which the sensor 5a, for example, the detection of a ventilation-relevant one physical quantity (air temperature, indoor humidity, Enclosure surface temperature, air speed, concentration chemical substances in the air or the like) and the Sensor 5b for detecting the presence of people in the Interior serves, arranged, while in the exterior 1 Sensor 6 for detecting a ventilation-relevant variable outdoors (such as the outside temperature, humidity or -air velocity) is arranged. Of course can - as will be explained in more detail below, both in Inside and outside different from the one here Number and type of (only as an example) Sensors can be provided, with special configurations in particular, completely dispensed with outdoor sensors can be.

The sensors are signaled with control units 7a to 7d connected, each a processing unit 71a to 71d and each have an actuator 72a to 72d. Each Actuator is assigned by the processing unit with a (symbolized by a dash-dotted arrow) Control signal Sa to Sd acted on and can the assigned supply or exhaust air unit 3a, 3b, 4a or 4b one (symbolized by a double arrow) Exert a positioning effect.

With such an arrangement can be influenced of the air volume flow through each of the supply and exhaust air devices the amount of air flowing through the interior and their spatial distribution depending on those with the feelers detected quantities can be controlled.

As will be clarified further below, both current as well as saved values of the sizes are used and additional external signals are also taken into account become.

3 is a schematic diagram understand from the various modifications possible are: The sensors can control the control units on others Assigned in this way, uncontrolled and / or supply air devices are included in the system, several A processing unit can be assigned to supply or exhaust air devices his etc.

Fig. 4 shows the basic circuit diagram of the control of the invention Exhaust device in one embodiment. This control is affected by a number of signals, which are emitted by control elements or sensors are assigned to a control unit 1.0 of the exhaust air device are. Is controlled by the control unit 1.0 a breather motor 1.1, depending on the condition a control circuit 1.11 acting as an actuator. With different speed can work, so that the ventilation performance (the exhaust air flow rate) the current ventilation requirement as well as any other conditions adjusted can be.

Some of the sensors or control elements that will be discussed later are more precisely characterized with the exhaust air device spatially united, others separated from it, and the Venting performance can also be achieved by remote means Via a bus 3.1 from external sensors or control elements or depending on external ventilation or Venting elements are affected. Within the Control unit 1.0 are dehumidifying in a control stage 1.2 all those input variables are summarized and processed, which the exhaust air flow in terms of influence the desired setting of the room humidity.

An essential task of the arrangement shown next the setting of the room humidity consists in the removal of used air in order to access fresh air in this way to procure to the living space or to the apartment. The fundamentally processing operations serving this purpose takes over a control stage fresh air requirement 1.3.

The control stage dehumidification 1.2 are controlled by two humidity sensors, an inside sensor 1.41 and an outside sensor 1.42, current measured values of indoor air humidity or transmitted outside. The measured values of the inside sensor 1.41 and the outside sensor 1.42 are in a subtraction circuit 1.43 to a moisture difference signal summarizes and a subsequent OR circuit 1.44 fed.

The control stage fresh air requirement 1.3 is supplied by a CO ₂ sensor 1.51 and a processing stage use of space 1.52 input signals. The processing level of use of space 1.52 in turn receives input signals from a detection level person presence 1.61, which determines the presence of people, as well as a timer 1.62 and a unit for determining periodic behavior 1.63.

Through an additional (in Fig. 4 the better clarity for the sake of not shown) connection between the output of the processing stage use of space 1.52 and an input of OR stage 1.44 ensures that the presence of people who influence the room humidity, from the outset in determining the dehumidification requirement can be included, the size of the Influence of the presence of people in the ventilated Interior to the room humidity through a (about empirical values oriented) weighting of the transmitted signal can be influenced.

Finally, a level of air removal is required 1.71 is provided, which exclusively via the bus 3.1 with external (not shown) input devices in Connection is established. The level 1.71 causes in the corresponding Input signals activated state via the Output of an (external) control signal "air removal requirement" a switch-on or increase to the control circuit 1.11 the speed of the breather motor 1.1 - about if Air is supplied by switching on the supply air devices those with the air flow switched off or with low working exhaust device to an air overpressure would lead inside.

A modification of the basic structure of the moisture control provides an effectiveness control level in the example shown 1.21 to determine the influence of ventilation to the room humidity and to control the exhaust air unit in Dependence on the result of this finding, the instead of the external humidity sensor 1.42 and the subtraction level 1.43 connected to the control stage dehumidification 1.2 can be.

The effectiveness control stage 1.21 has one with the output of the internal sensor 1.41 connected measured value memory 1.211 for the temporary storage of measured values of the interior humidity and a comparator level 1,212, one of which Input with the measured value memory 1.211, the other input with the output of the internal sensor 1.41 and its output (via additional modules) with the Control circuit 1.11 is connected.

The effectiveness control stage 1.21 is a timer 1.22 assigned the control signals to control inputs of their Functional elements and via an AND gate 1.23 to the Control circuit 1.11 outputs. The second input of the AND gate 1.23 is with the indoor sensor 1.41 and its output (again indirectly) connected to the control circuit 1.11. Controlled by the timer 1.22, is available a signal from the indoor sensor 1.41 that an existing one The fan motor signals that there is a need for dehumidification 1.1 initially activated for a predetermined short period of time and at the same time the current measured value of the interior humidity before starting fan operation in the measured value memory 1,211 recorded. After the given The saved and the current humidity value become the time span the comparator stage 1.211 supplied. By the Comparison of the sensor 1.41 at the beginning and after Expiry of the specified period of time measured values of Indoor moisture is the effectiveness of dehumidification the exhaust air device is determined. As a result of the comparison issued a control signal to the control circuit 1.11.

The comparison shows that the activation of the exhaust air device or its operation at increased speed to one has led to effective dehumidification, the operation in the corresponding switching stage until the from Indoor sensor readings indicate that the range optimal indoor humidity is reached. The comparison shows however, that - for example, because of high outside humidity - no effective dehumidification achieved was, the fan motor 1.1 for a longer period of time switched off or switched back to base load operation, then on a new signal from timer 1.22 "Test run" initiated etc.

This remains unaffected in the present embodiment the control of the breather due to the the presence of people in the room due to fresh air requirements, i.e. through the control stage fresh air requirement 1.3. Blocking the output signal of the dehumidification control stage 1.2 is done by ANDing the inverted Output signal of the timer 1.22, which is also the Control pulse trains to the effectiveness control level 1.21 outputs with the output signal of this stage.

With this circuit it is possible to consider one the setting of the room humidity without effect To prevent operation of the breather and thus energy save and the noise associated with fan operation to avoid.

In order to understand the principle in Fig. 4 clearly hold is above the corresponding modules indicated by an arrowhead pointing vertically downwards, that this unit through external control means or the system configuration is put into or out of operation can be. In more specific embodiments or The respective assembly can also be used entirely not applicable (which corresponds to an inactivation), whereby the Signal processing then only by the remaining ones Signal groups occurs, which is therefore possible because the output signals of the relevant signal groups (as shown below) in the manner of Logically combine OR stages so that the output signal each module just an additional reason for activation of the breather motor delivers.

The OR gates shown preferably work in this way analogously that each of the input signals shown can itself output an output signal, the effects of multiple input signals being up to additively superimposed on a "maximum" output signal. To that extent can also the relevant OR gates as addition gates to be understood with limitation. The technical Realization can be done purely digital, with the Influencing of those to be processed in some cases analog Signals such as pulse width control and subsequent Integration can be generated.

Furthermore, arrowheads point laterally into the respective Indicate the module in that over the bus 3.1 additional signals that the relevant module with influence, can be fed in this way at the relevant processing level during production of the engine control signal. From the assemblies arrowheads pointing out indicate that vice versa of these modules also get signals on bus 3.1 can be fed to external assemblies for processing to become.

The signal transmission between the bus 3.1 and those mentioned An interface takes over modules 3.2. The The signals are then "threaded" onto the bus a predetermined time program, for which in Fig. 5 schematically an example is shown so that for each of the assemblies a signal window is available on the timeline stands.

In this way, a signal linkage on different Processing levels are done so that all Signals between different components of the ventilation system according to their hierarchical order can be summarized and evaluated. Sensor signals can be processed as input signals that Results of intermediate processing steps are shown on this level exchanged while signals the highest Processing level, which immediately the need signal of air transport, also separately can be processed. In this way it is possible locally distributed assemblies with minimal signal transmission effort to synchronize in time, at the same time also high flexibility in interconnection different devices is possible. Furthermore the devices are also functional when there is no signal transmission takes place or if you work independently have to.

In addition to the assemblies mentioned so far, there are a number provided by further functional units, which for the Signal linkage of the aforementioned modules provided are and are to be described in more detail below.

The attendance level 1.61 relates to your presence Input signals from sensors that indicate presence by people in the room to be ventilated (or if necessary another room in the apartment). This includes in the example explained, a sound receiver 1.611, a 1.612 motion detector and a 1.613 light switch, which when activated in a mutual OR operation a signal to the presence detection level 1.61 hand off. Their output is (in the example via a OR gate 1.64 explained below, whose other input is connected to another timer 1.62) with connected to the input of the switching room utilization 1.52 and applies this to a specified one each time it is activated Time period with an input signal indicating the presence of people and thus the corresponding fresh air requirement signaled to the subsequent stages.

An optional further configuration of the control of the exhaust air device due to the usage situation of the ventilated Spaces consists of the following:

From a time signal (output signal of level 1.62, which is designed as a radio wave synchronized clock - radio clock is) and the presence signal from level 1.61 is in a detection level user habit 1.63 through a kind of "flywheel circuit" like a phase-controlled Circle formed a periodic signal, which is synchronized by the presence of people and an output signal corresponding to the usual one in the daily cycle Presence of the people even if the Level 1.61 currently does not indicate the presence of people Outputs signal.

This means that when the control signal is applied to the Control circuit 1.11 with a phase advance, bring about a "precautionary" air exchange, which in the event of cyclical presence of people in the room for fresh air to be ventilated Arrival of the people.

A similar effect can be achieved - but without the possibility an automatic adaptation to changing User habits - also by entering times, to which people are usually present in the room are, via an input unit 1.621 of control level 1.62 and storage in a user habit memory Reach 1,622.

Fig. 6 shows a further variant of the control of the exhaust air device using from past data calculated operating settings of the device.

The core of this configuration is a modified detection level User habit 1.63 '. An entrance to this Level is with the exit of user custom memory 1.622 connected as the cyclically addressable memory is trained.

In the user habit or person presence memory is under address control by the timer 1.62 the presence of. detected by the motion detector 1.611 People stored in the detection area as data size. The storage takes place, controlled by the timer, cyclically in sync with a calendar time cycle addressed memory locations of the memory, the Storage locations each time periods within the time cycle correspond. When the time cycle, for example corresponds to one day in the individual hours of Day (according to the periods of the calendar cycle) Storage locations, the stored there Values with the average number of hours increased in successive time cycles at which people in the room during this period. Of the Memory thus holds the data in question in the manner of a Histogram. Exceeding a predetermined Amplitude threshold for a period within the cycle means that here is a person's presence Signal is also output when a person in the the room in question is not really present. To this Way develops a ventilation profile for the rooms, which adjusts itself cyclically to user habits, so that fresh air is also available when the Residents only enter the rooms later. This is it particularly favorable if when evaluating the data reading the person presence memory Storage leads in time compared to the real time cycle is made. This is always for timely Ventilation provided.

The collection and storage of the data extends expediently over a period of at least several Days to adequately reflect user habits Data for obtaining reliable expected values to have available.

Here, the registration can also be in a matrix organized storage in such a way that with row-like Organization towards increasing fair values different personal attendance data recorded in the same time period organized towards the other coordinate Storage spaces are recorded. This is done about the x address control according to a given Time cycle (about every 15 min) for the period of a day, while the y addresses by - also in the timer available and formed by this addressable - date are. The control of the memory with regard to the y addresses can be in the manner of a shift register take place that the data on the presence of persons only for a specified number of days (e.g. 7 or 30) in the Past are saved, i.e. with storage of a new record for one day the oldest record is deleted.

A second input of detection level 1.63 'is connected to the Output of an operating settings memory 1,624 connected, which is organized analogously to memory 1.622 and is clocked in the same way by the timer 1.62 and in from a registration unit for device settings 1.10.1 transmitted data on the operating state of the device are stored.

Corresponding to that also used for storing the data Timing is based on a corresponding control command sequentially x data records (line contents) of the memory 1.622 by a processing unit 1.631 and become the corresponding memory contents of the memories 1,622 and 1,624 read out by a further processing unit 1,632.

The processing unit 1.631 performs a calculation of Expected values for the presence of a user in the questionable space depending on the (time of day), in the simplest case the number of storage spaces, in which the presence of a person in the interior 2 representative data value ("1") by which Total number of memory locations used (i.e., the number of Days) is divided.

The processing unit 1.632 calculates correlations between user presence and device setting. over the latter processing unit, the system can be trained, since a manual specification of the device setting by users during their attendance times the period of time used for data collection to meet user requirements corresponding correlation results.

However, it can also be operated without "training" by during the data collection period only based on the ventilation parameters relevant to ventilation technology (In the example above, for example, the signals from the sensors 1.41 or 1.51) determined device settings allowed and the corresponding setting values are recorded and stored become.

The sequence of expected values calculated by the processing unit 1.631 and by the processing unit 1,632 calculated correlations are used by another processing unit 1,633 fed where an assignment is made the result of which is a table of values for operational settings of the device depending on the (Daily) time is in a second operation memory 1,634 is saved. It will be about in the simplest case, assume that an expected value for the presence of a person in the room at a given Time greater than 0.5 (50%) to trigger them Operating setting should result in the event the presence of people has been predetermined during an expected value of less than 0.5 that operating setting assigned in the absence of People in the room is provided.

The stored values can, again under control by the timer 1.62, directly as control signals the actuator 1.11 or one upstream thereof further processing level - such as level 1.64 or Step 1.53 of Fig. 4 - are supplied.

The switching stage "room use" 1.52 is followed by a further OR gate 1.53, which links the output signal of stage 1.52 with that of the CO ₂ sensor 1.51 for air quality and feeds the control stage fresh air requirement 1.3 with the signal obtained from the combination. The effect is that the exhaust air device is switched on as a measure of the air quality or operated at an increased speed and thus an increased air throughput depending on the frequency of the room to be ventilated or the reaching of a limit value for the CO ₂ concentration.

The output signal of this stage is in turn a further OR gate 1.81 with the output signal of the control stage Dehumidification requirement 1.2 merged and serves as the input signal of the control circuit 1.11 for the Breather motor 1.1.

A control module 1.9 enables manual entry of control signals, operating parameters etc. for the different assemblies. The input signals, which is represented by arrows pointing vertically downwards are and for example also from external stages can appear on the bus 3.1, entered directly. This input can either be for test purposes or also take place during operation. The input unit 1.621 can be integrated in the control module 1.9.

Remote control units 1.9 can also be used Exhaust air devices or other functional elements of a loading and Venting system can be controlled. All you need is this an assignment of time windows (and sub-time windows) on the common control bus for the connected Units and their individual assemblies as well a corresponding time coding of the control signals to be output. By selecting the time window using a suitable one Programming the control switch or signaling Functions can be timed over the time window create sequential signal links, which in correspond to their function as a switching and control matrix, in the case of lines routed in the manner of lines with Type of column-guided lines through optional connection can be assigned to each other at the crossing points.

In this way, the assemblies are generally equivalent and the signals according to the circumstances and the technical development programmable linkable. The modules can be used universally and they can if required later, other assemblies without any problems be retrofitted.

Via a signal line from the control circuit 1.11 will start the motor 1.1 (or its run with increased speed) signal on the bus 3.1 transfer. This signal can be from a connected Supply air unit received and as a signal for the required Provision of supply air can be assessed, so far a connection on the supply air side to the outside becomes.

This means that several supply air units can be used with one exhaust air unit operate. A signal "Air removal requirement" of a The supply air device basically corresponds to a signal "Air supply requirement" of the exhaust air device, whereby each in the functional context with one (or more) complementary Unit (s) the exchange of air between inside and outside is made possible. It is advantageous if one Unit is active. Usually this will be the Exhaust device (s) because active ventilation of the Air exchange while avoiding excess air pressure in the interior control easier and with less technical effort leaves.

With a ventilation system that includes an apartment, 3, as shown schematically in FIG using the exhaust air device according to the invention Air exchange for the purpose of air renewal and / or for the purpose of dehumidification if and only if due to the usage situation of the individual areas the apartment is required.

The fact that human life habits in the Expiry of a day or even a week to a cyclical Frequentation of the individual areas of an apartment and there each on specific requirements for the loading and ventilation can be done by a suitably coordinated Overall control must be taken into account.

So at the usual times of the morning and Evening body care existing high dehumidification needs in the bathroom as well as in the usual periods of Food preparation existing increased ventilation needs in the kitchen by operating the assigned to the respective room Exhaust device at the appropriate times high performance under priority control by the control stage Dehumidification 1.2 can be covered specifically. At a more to special user needs (such as pronounced Drafts or noise sensitivity) coordinated ventilation but can the activation of the exhaust air device in Bath also blocked by the attendance control until the user (s) have left the bath.

The pronounced need of residents for avoiding noises at night, especially in the bedrooms, in which the fresh air supply must nevertheless be guaranteed, can be achieved, for example, by operating an active exhaust air device in the bathroom, which is acoustically but not air-technically separate from the bedroom under priority control by the fresh air supply control stage 1.3 are taken into account with a CO ₂ sensor 1.51 arranged in the bedroom or an infrared sensor for detecting the presence of persons. A passive (and therefore noiseless) supply air unit in the bedroom is also activated and thus the fresh air supply is ensured without disturbing the night's rest of the residents.

From the preceding explanation it can be seen that the Complexity of the control shown in Fig. 4 in the practical application by omitting individual assemblies can be significantly reduced.

The exemplary embodiment is only used to illustrate that all the modules shown differ in their signal behavior can be superimposed so that a high Flexibility in the interpretation and design of a concrete control results.

An interesting option in this respect can be found, for example even if the signal transmission bus ceases to exist to reach. By air transport from the supply air unit the exhaust air unit arrives during "test" operation of the exhaust air device at intervals - as above described - even if the functional rooms are not used and an increase in humidity only by the release of water vapor by people or Plants in the common rooms are caused to become damp Air to the inside sensor of the exhaust air device and through supply air devices fresh air flows in the common rooms after. If the interval operation is long enough in the "test phase" after the initial increase in humidity in the room equipped with the exhaust air unit Moisture with continued effective operation of the breather decrease to the same extent as (drier) fresh air flows through a supply air unit until it meets the one to be complied with Has reached normal value in this room again and the dehumidification control stage the exhaust air unit switches to base load operation.

So is - under the leadership of one or, if necessary, several of individual devices - an effective moisture-controlled loading and venting an apartment is also possible if the devices are not connected by a bus. Indeed is the interaction of the devices through a bus link improved and their response accelerated.

When determining the number of - according to the scheme 5 - the time window to be provided is the highest permissible Number of units to be connected.

As a transmission channel in the sense of such a signal bus is an FM channel imprinted on the lighting network or a so-called house bus suitable, which also additional signals which transfers house technology. It can be a summary of signals or a signal exchange with others home appliances. For example, the signals from the sensors mentioned above for the presence of people in an advantageous manner as well for intrusion detection systems or for controlling lighting and / or use heaters or vice versa the motion sensors of security systems simultaneously for the Control of ventilation.

As an alternative to a signal bus, the devices can also be used a wireless transmission link - for example on ultrasound or infrared base - with each other and possibly with other devices or building technology modules linked by signals be.

Instead of or in addition to those mentioned in the example Sensors can control the temperature sensors inside and / or outdoor space, one or more air speed sensors indoors and / or outdoors, special Sensors for harmful components of indoor air - for example a CO sensor, a formaldehyde sensor or similar - assigned be.

7 shows the mechanical structure of an embodiment the exhaust device 4 according to the invention as an exhaust fan shown. In one with a hinged front cover 42 provided fan housing 41 is a fan screw 43 arranged, which is operated by a fan motor 44 and over the side edges of the fan housing 41, one Grid frame 45 and a filter 46 exhaust air from the air to be vented Interior 2 sucks in and via an exhaust air duct, with which they have a check valve (not shown) is connected, derives into the outside space 1.

The control unit 7 corresponding to that shown in Fig. 4 and control unit described in more detail above including the associated peripheral assemblies or a modified embodiment of this is established, is via a network connector 47 with dme network and one arranged in the connector field 48 Motor connector connected to the motor 44 and controls its on / off state and speed, as with reference 7 described in more detail below.

In the control unit 7, whose (not shown individually) The core elements are a microprocessor and an electronic motor control a control panel is structurally integrated 49 for manual operation and optical operating status display of the exhaust fan. Assigned to the control unit and connected to this via the connector field 48 is the internal sensor 5a, which is used here as a capacitive humidity sensor is trained.

Fig. 8 is an electrical schematic diagram of the motor controller. As can be seen from the figure, between that Power network and the power connector 47, 47a an on-off switch 491 and an operational control lamp 492 switched, which are assigned to the control panel 49.

During one of the contacts ("2") of the network connection field 47 reserved for additional functions, the others are included an (internal) control module 40 and the connections "N" and "L" also via plug contacts in the Connector field 48 to the motor 44, being between the connector "L" and the engine a first (base load) speed controller 410 and a second rotary actuator 411 is that with that output from the control assembly 40 Control signal is applied and known per se Way of a speed adjustment of the drive motor 44th causes.

The for operating the contained in the control assembly 40 Microprocessor and other semiconductor circuit element necessary voltage conversion and rectification takes place by known functional units, which are not described in more detail here within the control assembly.

On the input side, the control module 40 is a timer 420, with whose time signals a time control of the Exhaust fans can be realized via the connector field 48 and an amplifier unit 430 with associated Adjustment part 431 for the threshold value specification for the interior humidity as a control variable of the moisture sensor 5a and finally a signal bus 440 is connected via which the connection to signal sensors that are spatially separated from the exhaust air unit - about the sensor 5b of FIG. 3 - and processing stages will be produced. The signal bus 440 corresponds functionally that explained above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 6 Signal bus 3.1. To function the arrangement can essentially referring to the explanations of FIGS. 3 and 4 be taken.

It should be added that the exhaust fan shown - as long he did not manually override switch 491 is set - with one via the speed controller 410 predetermined base load speed or in accordance with the in the manner described above on the basis of measurement signals from the moisture sensor 5a and, for example of the sensor 5b for the presence of people Control signal runs at an increased speed, with which the air volume actively discharged from the interior is controlled, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

This permanent base load operation with a delivery rate of 20 - 40 m ³ / h ensures (in addition to compliance with the building physics requirements that exist in many applications) the rinsing of the sensor or the sensors for the air quality - here the humidity sensor 5a - and therefore the delay-free presence of for the current indoor air quality representative values of the measured variable (s) on the respective sensor.

In cooperation with this exhaust fan Exhaust and / or supply air devices are also a control the air distribution in an apartment.

The invention is not restricted in its implementation to the preferred embodiment described above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which of the solution shown also in principle makes use of different types.

So to record the presence and if necessary the number of People basically all sensors that are usual for this purpose suitable, in addition to those already mentioned as examples also light barriers connected to evaluation devices, Sound recorders, microwave detectors for the body vibrations associated with breathing and heartbeat etc. The simultaneous use can be advantageous from into other building services systems - like that Lighting or the heating system or a burglar alarm system - Integrated sensors to control the Supply or exhaust air devices.

In addition to the sensors already mentioned, depending on the operating conditions and cost framework, sensors for interacting with the sensors indicating the presence or absence of people are, in particular, those for the air temperature, surrounding surface temperature, air speed and for components of the ambient air - for example CO ₂ -, CO - or formaldehyde sensors - useful.

The signal connection of the individual devices with each other, with external control devices or with external sensors can be via a separate bus, but also if necessary via lines of building services (house bus, lighting network, wiring the burglar alarm system or similar) or wireless, for example via an infrared or ultrasound transmission link, respectively.

The appropriate modifications depending on the application the provision of an additional manual control that Realization of a time lag of the fan after a switchover - especially when switching off due to of the presence or absence of people Signals - or the connection to a central control room (for example, a hotel or retirement home) to next to the decentralized control system optionally also a centrally controlled one To enable operation of the device.

The OR gates mentioned in the exemplary embodiment can hardware (as hard-wired logic gates) or be implemented by software - the key is the implementation an OR operation of the signals supplied in each case.

The invention is not restricted in its implementation to the preferred embodiment described above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which of the solution specified in the claims also makes use of other types.

Claims (14)

1. A room ventilator (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 4) for air supply or air evacuation of an interior space (2), with a control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) to which a sensor (5a, 5b; 1.41, 1.42, 1.51, 1.613) is assigned for detecting a control variable and which has a first processing unit (71a to 71d; 1.61, 1.62, 1.63, 1.64, 1.52, 1.53, 1.3, 1.63', 1.622) for extraction of a control signal from the control variable and an actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) for changing the quantity of air supplied, depending on and in response to the control signal, wherein the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has at least one input for a sensor (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) to detect the presence of persons within the interior space (2) and the first processing unit is connected to the output of this sensor on its input side, and the output of the first processing unit is connected to the input of the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) either directly or via a second processing unit (1.81) for correlation with at least one further control signal, characterised in that the first processing unit is designed to generate a control signal which contains information on the anticipated presence of persons based upon the periodic presence of persons in at least one prior time period.
2. A room ventilator according to claim 1,
   characterised in that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has an operating settings memory (1.624) and a logical processing unit (1.632) for correlating a magnitude which represents the current or anticipated presence of persons with a stored magnitude, representing an operating parameter of the apparatus (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 3; 4), for generation of a signal which identifies the results of the correlation.
3. A room ventilator according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that the control unit (7; 7c, 7d; 1.0) has a time encoder and detection apparatus (1.62), a personnel presence memory (1.622) which is addressed by this and which is connected to the output of the sensor (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for periodic detection of the presence of persons, in co-ordination with time cycles, especially calendar time cycles, for storage of a magnitude identifying the presence of persons in the interior space (2) in the individual time periods of the time cycle and having a value which increases with the increase in frequency of the presence of persons in the respective time periods, and a processing unit (1.63) for correlating the magnitudes stored in the personnel presence memory, which forms an anticipated value for the future anticipated presence of persons in the interior space (2), within the corresponding time period of the calendar time cycle, and emits a signal indicating the presence of a person on exceeding a specified threshold value of a threshold value level in the first processing unit.
4. A room ventilator according to claim 3,
   characterised in that the personnel presence memory (1.622) is formed as a memory, the memory locations of which are assigned to specified time periods of the calendar time cycle, and are cyclically addressable by a time encoder (1.62), wherein readout is temporally advanced with regard to the calendar time period.
5. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has a time encoder and detection apparatus (1.22, 1.62), an operating settings memory (1.634) which is connected to this for storage of operating setings of the room ventilator in co-ordination with the point in time of their occurrence, and a logical processing unit (1.53, 1.64) for correlating the data stored in the apparatus settings memory to signals of the time encoder and detection apparatus for providing in advance future operating settings of the apparatus and for generation of a signal which identifies the result of the correlation.
6. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has a time encoder apparatus (1.62), an input apparatus (1.621) for entry of future personnel presence times and a personnel presence memory (1.622), connected to the input of the sensor (1.64) for the presence of persons in the interior space (2), for storage of the entered presence times and for output to the sensor (1.64) under the control of the time encoder apparatus (1.62).
7. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that an OR operation (1.81) is included in the circuit upstream of the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411), one of the inputs of which is connected to an output signal of a processing unit (1.3) which reflects the presence of persons in the interior space (2), and at least one other input is connected with an output signal of at least one further processing stage (1.2) and/or of an external device which reflects the thermal comfort in the interior space and/or reflects the climatic conditions in the exterior space (1).
8. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the input of the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) or the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) is connected to an external apparatus, especially an external measured value recorder (6) or another device (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 3; 4) via a signal transmission line (3.1; 440) for the receipt of a signal.
9. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that an infra-red sensor is provided as a detector (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for recording the presence of persons.
10. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that a movement sensor is provided as a detector (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for recording the presence of persons.
11. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a sensor of, or on, an in-house technical system operating in dependence on the presence of persons, especially a heating, lighting or security system, is provided as a detector (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for recording the presence of persons.
12. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) is designed to effect the control of a temporal after-run of the apparatus, especially for a specified period of time after receipt of a control signal to implement a shutdown.
13. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has a switching arrangement to effect manual control.
14. A room ventilator according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that an interface apparatus (3.2) is provided to make a control signal connection to an external control centre.

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