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EP0670078B1 - Apparat zur bildverstärkung mittels lumineszenz - Google Patents

Apparat zur bildverstärkung mittels lumineszenz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0670078B1
EP0670078B1 EP94900195A EP94900195A EP0670078B1 EP 0670078 B1 EP0670078 B1 EP 0670078B1 EP 94900195 A EP94900195 A EP 94900195A EP 94900195 A EP94900195 A EP 94900195A EP 0670078 B1 EP0670078 B1 EP 0670078B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
image
phosphor
generator device
image generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94900195A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0670078A1 (de
Inventor
Paul De Groot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0670078A1 publication Critical patent/EP0670078A1/de
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Publication of EP0670078B1 publication Critical patent/EP0670078B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
    • H01J31/501—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output with an electrostatic electron optic system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices producing images under the effect of an excitation of a luminescent screen. She more particularly (but not exclusively) concerns cathodoluminescent screens of image intensifier tubes radiological (called for short: IIR tube).
  • IIR tubes these tubes are used mainly in medical imaging, i.e. as part of radiodiagnostics, where they produce an image visible which translates the radiological image of a patient.
  • FIG 1 schematically shows an equipment of conventional radiodiagnostics.
  • This equipment has a source X-ray SX delivering RX radiation to which is exposed a patient P.
  • the IIR tube generally comprises a sealed enclosure 2 vacuum closed at one end by an FE entry window by which penetrates the X-ray. This X-ray meets then an EE input screen whose function is to translate the intensity of the incident X-ray at each point of its surface, by a number of electrons (not shown).
  • the EE input screen generally includes a SC scintillator associated with a PhC photocathode.
  • the scintillator converts X-rays into photons visible which are themselves converted into electrons by the photocathode.
  • a DE electrode device accelerates these electrons and focuses on a cathodoluminescent screen called an exit screen ES.
  • the ES output screen is arranged near a window FS outlet or outlet wall located at the second end of the IIR tube, opposite the FE entry window.
  • the impact of electrons on the ES cathodoluminescent screen allows to reconstruct the image (amplified in luminance) which at was formed on the surface of the PhC photocathode the input screen.
  • the FS output window is a transparent part generally made of glass (or may also consist of a fiber optic device), which can be made for example of a patch on the envelope of enclosure 2, or even constitute a part of this envelope.
  • the FS output window carries the ES cathodoluminescent screen, which is generally consisting of a layer of phosphor material. In these conditions, the visible light image formed by the screen cathodoluminescent ES is visible outside the IIR tube, at through the FS output window.
  • the image delivered by the cathodoluminescent output screen ES is generally observed through a device DO optic, arranged outside the IIR tube, centered by example on a longitudinal axis 5 of the IIR tube, axis around which is also centered ES cathodoluminescent screen.
  • This image may be distributed by the optical device Do on the one hand, towards different detectors images such as for example cameras cinematographic and photographic respectively located 6, 7, arranged on either side of the optical device Do on a second axis 8 perpendicular to axis 5 of the tube, and on the other hand towards an image detector constituted by a CT camera of television shots.
  • different detectors images such as for example cameras cinematographic and photographic respectively located 6, 7, arranged on either side of the optical device Do on a second axis 8 perpendicular to axis 5 of the tube, and on the other hand towards an image detector constituted by a CT camera of television shots.
  • the CT television camera is connected to a DV viewing that can display the image which is "live” delivered as electrical signals by the CT camera television (case of radioscopy).
  • the CT camera is also connected to an acquisition device and ATS signal processing which can store and process under digital form of the signals relating to the image (case of digital radiography) and possibly correct the image displayed by the DV display device.
  • Equipment such as that shown in Figure 1 is commonly used successively in fluoroscopy mode or radioscopy, and in digital radiography mode. However these two modes pose different problems.
  • the doses of X-rays are often important and the duration of application of the radiation is very short (a few milliseconds).
  • the rhythm image repetition is variable depending on the applications, from a few frames per second to the frequency television, and the desired image resolution is the highest possible.
  • the system of radiological imaging shown in Figure 1 operates at the frequency television (25 or 30 frames / s), with doses of X-radiation much lower, but the detail resolution sought is lower. Due to the low doses of X-rays used, the space-time fluctuation (quantum fluctuation X-ray) is perceptible in the video image delivered to through the radiological imaging system. To mitigate this fluctuation, and improve the image quality, it is necessary to operate a temporal integration of the light intensity in each point of the image, to obtain a "smoothing" of the noise apparent temporal. There is obviously a practical compromise between a duration of integration sufficient to reduce noise, and a sufficiently short integration time not to introduce "blurring" around the image of the moving parts (effect of trail).
  • the present invention proposes to produce by the IIR tube simultaneously at least two visible images, with different afterglows, and to select the visible image with the most remanence not suitable for the operating mode envisaged (x-ray or digital radiography).
  • Document DE-A 25 44 094 describes a generating device image comprising a luminescent screen with at least two materials different phosphors emitting light with spectra different emission and different remanences.
  • US-A-4 512 912 relates to a mixture of two different phosphor materials emitting light with different spectra and different afterglow for ray tube cathodic.
  • Document FR-A-2 195 841 relates to a generator device image comprising a luminescent screen with two materials phosphors with different remanences.
  • Patent application EP-A-0 536 833 constitutes an application interfering for the contracting states DE, FR, NL; she offers a image generating device with a luminescent screen with at least two phosphor materials which are differentiated by their persistence and by their frequency range and recommends using two image detectors and a semi-transparent mirror between the luminescent screen and the two image detectors.
  • the invention proposes on the one hand to produce the screen luminescent image generator (or output screen in the case of a tube llR), using a mixture of at least two phosphor materials which differentiate both by their remanence and by the frequency range of their spectral emissions and secondly to use an image detector and a light transmission device inserted between the luminescent screen and the image detector, this light transmission device comprising removable means for selectively changing wavelength the amount of light produced by the luminescent screen towards the detector image.
  • the invention provides a generator device Image as claimed in claim 1.
  • the radiation emitted by the screen luminescent is composed by the addition of radiation of spectral composition and remanence different, the number of different radiations being the same as the number of different phosphor materials.
  • the different phosphors being subjected to the same excitation radiation, they emit in response of lights corresponding to spectral bands or different "colors" each containing the same image, "each color” corresponding to a different afterglow. Yes care is taken to choose the different emission spectra of so that they don't significantly overlap it then becomes possible to observe an image having afterglow chosen by selecting the color to which it corresponds, using an optical filter.
  • the excitement radiation is constituted by all radiation likely to generate the phenomenon of luminescence with phosphors.
  • This radiance of excitement is made up of electrons emitted by a PhC photocathode in the case of an IIR tube, and in this case the image produced by the screen of ES output is received by one (or more) image detector
  • the invention can also be applied to other cases, for example example to cathode ray tubes, (abbreviated "TRC") and in this case the electrons are produced by an electron gun and bombard or excite a mixture of phosphor materials carried by the TRC display screen.
  • the invention therefore relates to an image generating device comprising a luminescent screen subjected to radiation excitation, characterized in that the luminescent screen comprises a mixture of at least two phosphor materials emitting with different emission spectra and afterglow different.
  • FIG. 2 represents an IIR tube 10 produced so as to produce images according to the invention.
  • the IIR 10 tube is used in medical imaging equipment 11 comprising an SX source producing X-RX radiation.
  • the X-ray passes through a patient P to be examined, then meets the IIR 10 tube. It crosses the FE input window of the tube 10 then meets the EE input screen of the latter.
  • This entry screen is classic, and as in the example of the figure 1, in response to X-rays, it produces electrons (not shown) which are accelerated by a device of electrodes DE to the exit window FS of the tube IIR. AT near the FS exit window, these electrons are focused on a cathodoluminescent screen or ES1 output screen which, under the effect of electronic bombardment, emits in the visible.
  • the screen cathodoluminescent ES 1 is formed using at least two luminescent materials A, B different, so that each of the points of the ES1 cathodoluminescent screen corresponding to an elementary image surface, the two different phosphor materials A, B.
  • the two phosphor materials A, B are shown respectively by crosses and dots.
  • the different phosphor materials that make up ES1 cathodoluminescent screen are chosen on the one hand, for emit in the visible with different remanences, and on the other hand to present different emission spectra, that is to say to transmit at different wavelengths and so different colors.
  • the ES1 cathodoluminescent screen produces multiple monochrome color images simultaneously different (as many as there are phosphors different to form the cathodoluminescent screen) which each reproduce the image initially formed on the PhC photocathode.
  • each monochrome image presents a afterglow different from those presented by the images monochrome of another color.
  • the images produced by ES1 cathodoluminescent screen are visible outside the tube IIR 10 through the FS output window, and it is then easy to transmit to at least one image detector (or the eye of an observer) images showing afterglow desired, by promoting the transmission of light having the corresponding color, as further explained in a continuation of the description.
  • an optical device DO located outside the IIR tube 10 on a longitudinal axis 5 of the latter, captures the images delivered by the screen cathodoluminescent ES1 and transmits them to a detector CT images also arranged along the longitudinal axis 5.
  • the CT image detector is connected to a display device DV and a signal acquisition and processing device ATS, so as to allow operation either in mode fluoroscopy (fluoroscopy), either in digital radiography mode.
  • the CT image detector consists for example of a television camera whose sensor (not shown) is of the CCD type so that it does not add afterglow to that of the received image.
  • a device for light transmission TL acting on the transmission of light selectively based on its wavelength is arranged between the camera CT and the optical device DO, in view determine the persistence of the images received by this camera.
  • the TL transmission device comprises at least one Fo optical filter acting in the corresponding spectral band to one of the colors emitted by the ES1 cathodoluminescent screen.
  • An optical filter Fo can be for example either of the filter type colored, having the color of the spectrum to transmit with the minimum attenuation, either of the interference filter type which by compared to the previous one has the advantage of having slopes of stronger transition between the parts of the transmitted spectra and not transmitted.
  • the phosphor materials A and B are presented usually initially in powder form, so that the ES1 cathodoluminescent screen can be produced for example by a layer in the same way as in the prior art, except that in the case of the invention this layer comprises the two powders previously mixed with phosphor materials A and B.
  • this layer comprises the two powders previously mixed with phosphor materials A and B.
  • the latter embodiment also corresponds, at the level of each elementary image surface, to a mixture of materials phosphors A, B.
  • the monochrome red and green images being emitted simultaneously, respectively for the phosphors A and B which constitute the cathodoluminescent screen, if an optical filter Fo is interposed in order to allow one or the other to pass selectively red or green radiation, it is possible not to transmit only the light with the best afterglow adapted to the use of the radiological system towards the camera CT television.
  • the ES1 cathodoluminescent screen contains only two different phosphor materials A, B emitting for example respectively in red and green as in the example of figure 1, two remanences different can be obtained using a single filter optical Fo, depending on whether the latter is interposed or not.
  • CT camera receives only red whose remanence is negligible. This corresponds to operation in digital radiography mode.
  • the CT camera receives both red and green monochrome images, the green image with strong afterglow.
  • the image global given by the superimposition of monochrome images red and green
  • the eye can be seen by the eye as being strong afterglow (with low noise), if the percentage of green light is large enough compared to that of red light. This case therefore corresponds to operation in x-ray mode.
  • Such a configuration where two remanences can be successively selected using a single optical filter Fo interposed or not, can be obtained for example with phosphor materials A and B corresponding respectively to type P56 and type P39 as previously mentioned, mixed in proportions by weight of about 10 to 50% for the phosphor A and about 50 to 90% for the phosphor B.
  • the dosage of the proportion of phosphor materials A, B used to form the screen cathodoluminescent ES1 allows to obtain the emission by this last, any desired (overall) remanence value included between the eigenvalues each of the constituents of this screen ES1.
  • At least one optical filter Fo of the colored filter type colored in the example in the color red, and whose thickness E is less than the thickness necessary to completely absorb the light of the other color, to know in the example the green light.
  • Such a set of optical filters can consist of example by separate filters, possibly overlapping to add their attenuation, or for example by a colored filter Fo whose thickness (and therefore transmission) varies, gradually or not.
  • Figure 2 illustrates such a form of realization by showing an optical filter Fo of the "filter” type colored ", comprising several thicknesses E, e1, e2 produced under the shape of bearings: for example, the thickness E is the thickness maximum of the optical filter Fo, and it makes it possible to attenuate the maximum light transmission not having the color of filter; this results in the lowest remanence.
  • the thicknesses e1, e2 increasingly smaller compared to the maximum thickness E represent respectively a prime and a second intermediate optical filters Fo1, Fo2 which attenuate less and less, and allow to obtain two values different from remanence values which are intermediate between the minimum value and the maximum value which it is obtained when no filter is interposed.

Landscapes

  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung, die einen Leuchtschirm (ES1) mit wenigstens zwei Leuchtstoffmaterialien (A, B) enthält, die Licht mit unterschiedlichen Emissionsspektren und unterschiedlichen Nachleuchtdauern aussenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie im Hinblick auf einen aufeinanderfolgenden Betrieb in Betriebsarten, die Bilder erzeugen, die sich aus der Erfassung einer Strahlung mit unterschiedlichen Fluktuationspegeln ergeben, wenigstens einen Bilddetektor (CT) und eine Lichtdurchlaßvorrichtung (TL), die zwischen den Leuchtschirm (ES1) und den Bilddetektor (CT) eingesetzt ist, enthält,
       wobei die Lichtdurchlaßvorrichtung (TL) abnehmbare Mittel (Fo, Fo1, Fo2) enthält, um wellenlängenselektiv die vom Leuchtschirm (ES1) erzeugte und zum Bilddetektor (CT) geschickte Lichtmenge in der Weise zu modifizieren, daß die für den Fluktuationspegel der erfaßten Strahlung am besten geeignete Nachleuchtdauer gewählt wird.
  2. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Modifizieren der durchgelassenen Lichtmenge wenigstens ein optisches Filter (Fo, Fo1, Fo2) des Typs enthalten, der einerseits auf den Durchlaß des Lichts in einem Wellenlängenbereich, der einer ersten Farbe des Lichts entspricht, die von einem der Leuchtstoffmaterialien, das erster Leuchtstoff (A) genannt wird, erzeugt wird, eine geringe Wirkung hat und andererseits die durchgelassene Lichtmenge einer zweiten Farbe, die von einem weiteren Leuchtstoffmaterial (B) erzeugt wird, das zweiter Leuchtstoff genannt wird, reduziert.
  3. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filter (Fo, Fo1, Fo2) den Durchlaß des Lichts mit der zweiten Farbe in einem Ausmaß reduziert, daß es praktisch beseitigt wird.
  4. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das optische Filter (Fo) den Durchlaß des Lichts mit der zweiten Farbe bis zu einem Zwischenwert zwischen dem maximalen Durchlaß dieses Lichts und seiner Beseitigung reduziert.
  5. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie wenigstens zwei optische Filter (Fo, Fo1, Fo2) enthält, die auf den Durchlaß des vom zweiten Leuchtstoff (B) erzeugten Lichts einwirken.
  6. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein optisches Filter (Fo, Fo1, Fo2) vom Typ eines Filters ist, das mit der Farbe gefärbt ist, die mit der minimalen Dämpfung durchgelassen werden soll.
  7. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein optisches Filter (Fo) wenigstens zwei Dicken (E, e1, e2) aufweist, die unterschiedlichen Dämpfungen des Lichts entsprechen.
  8. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein optisches Filter (Fo) vom Typ Interferenzfilter ist.
  9. Bilderzeugungsfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vom zweiten Leuchtstoff (B) erzeugte Licht eine größere Nachleuchtdauer als jenes besitzt, das vom ersten Leuchtstoff (A) erzeugt wird.
  10. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vom zweiten Leuchtstoff (B) erzeugte Lichtmenge von jener, die vom ersten Leuchtstoff (A) erzeugt wird, verschieden ist.
  11. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vom zweiten Leuchtstoff (B) erzeugte Lichtmenge größer als jene ist, die vom ersten Leuchtstoff (A) erzeugt wird.
  12. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nachleuchtdauer des Lichts, das von wenigstens einem der zwei Leuchtstoffmaterialien (A, B) erzeugt wird, größer als 10 Millisekunden ist.
  13. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bilddetektor (CT) eine Fernsehkamera ist.
  14. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leuchtschirm (ES1) den Katodolumineszenzschirm oder den Ausgangsschirm einer Röntgenbild-Verstärkerröhre bildet.
  15. Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leuchtschirm (ES1) den Katodolumineszenzschirm einer Katodenstrahlröhre bildet.
EP94900195A 1992-11-20 1993-11-16 Apparat zur bildverstärkung mittels lumineszenz Expired - Lifetime EP0670078B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9213969A FR2698482B1 (fr) 1992-11-20 1992-11-20 Dispositif générateur d'images par effet de luminescence.
FR9213969 1992-11-20
PCT/FR1993/001120 WO1994013005A1 (fr) 1992-11-20 1993-11-16 Dispositif generateur d'images par effet de luminescence

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0670078A1 EP0670078A1 (de) 1995-09-06
EP0670078B1 true EP0670078B1 (de) 1998-08-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94900195A Expired - Lifetime EP0670078B1 (de) 1992-11-20 1993-11-16 Apparat zur bildverstärkung mittels lumineszenz

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5631459A (de)
EP (1) EP0670078B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3520518B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69320361T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2698482B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994013005A1 (de)

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FR2777112B1 (fr) 1998-04-07 2000-06-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Dispositif de conversion d'une image
DE10130616C2 (de) * 2001-06-26 2003-08-14 Siemens Ag Kombiniertes Radiographie- und Fluoroskopiegerät
JP4116571B2 (ja) * 2002-03-28 2008-07-09 株式会社東芝 Ｘ線イメージ管、ｘ線イメージ管装置およびｘ線装置
US20110095995A1 (en) * 2009-10-26 2011-04-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Infrared Touchscreen for Rear Projection Video Control Panels
US9451177B2 (en) * 2013-06-18 2016-09-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methods and apparatus for high speed camera

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FR2195841A1 (de) * 1972-08-11 1974-03-08 Thomson Csf
US4512912A (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-04-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba White luminescent phosphor for use in cathode ray tube
EP0536833A1 (de) * 1991-10-10 1993-04-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Röntgenuntersuchungseinrichtung

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FR2625838B1 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1996-01-26 Thomson Csf Scintillateur d'ecran d'entree de tube intensificateur d'images radiologiques et procede de fabrication d'un tel scintillateur
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FR2634057B1 (fr) * 1988-07-08 1991-04-19 Thomson Csf Procede de fabrication d'un tube perfectionne intensificateur d'images radiologiques, tube intensificateur ainsi obtenu
FR2634562B1 (fr) * 1988-07-22 1990-09-07 Thomson Csf Procede de fabrication d'un scintillateur et scintillateur ainsi obtenu
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JPH02170332A (ja) * 1988-12-23 1990-07-02 Toshiba Corp Ｘ線イメージ管
FR2647955B1 (fr) * 1989-05-30 1991-08-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Ecran d'entree de tube intensificateur d'image radiologique
FR2687007B1 (fr) * 1992-01-31 1994-03-25 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube intensificateur d'image notamment du type a focalisation de proximite.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2195841A1 (de) * 1972-08-11 1974-03-08 Thomson Csf
US4512912A (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-04-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba White luminescent phosphor for use in cathode ray tube
EP0536833A1 (de) * 1991-10-10 1993-04-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Röntgenuntersuchungseinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3520518B2 (ja) 2004-04-19
DE69320361D1 (de) 1998-09-17
WO1994013005A1 (fr) 1994-06-09
US5631459A (en) 1997-05-20
FR2698482B1 (fr) 1994-12-23
JPH08503573A (ja) 1996-04-16
FR2698482A1 (fr) 1994-05-27
DE69320361T2 (de) 1998-12-17
EP0670078A1 (de) 1995-09-06

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