EP0648977B2 - Glow plug - Google Patents
Glow plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0648977B2 EP0648977B2 EP94114747A EP94114747A EP0648977B2 EP 0648977 B2 EP0648977 B2 EP 0648977B2 EP 94114747 A EP94114747 A EP 94114747A EP 94114747 A EP94114747 A EP 94114747A EP 0648977 B2 EP0648977 B2 EP 0648977B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- heating element
- hollow body
- glow plug
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003564 SiAlON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a glow plug with a Hollow body in which a ceramic heating element with sintered ceramic heating element is arranged, the protrudes axially on one side of the hollow body and its Heating element with power supply connections is connected and has a heating area.
- Such glow plugs with a ceramic conductor and a metal resistance coil as a heating element are from DE 42 03 183 A1 and DE 41 33 046 A1 known.
- Glow plugs are commonly used as a jump start in diesel engines and alcohol engines, for the ignition of additional heaters, to ignite gas burners etc. related.
- the ceramic conductor consists of a U-shaped curved conductor piece that at the front end of the protruding Part of the heating element is arranged and forms a first heating element.
- This first heating element is via a second heating element in the form of a coil Made of a metallic material with the power supply connections connected.
- the object underlying the invention is in contrast, the glow plug at the beginning mentioned type so that it can be done with a simple Manufacturing process that a smaller number of manufacturing steps, from fewer parts is producible and with a thermal overload is avoided at the contact points.
- the invention Because of the training according to the invention, it is moreover, it is possible to measure the candle give, which corresponds geometrically to metal glow plugs, i.e. a compact ceramic glow plug to carry out, moreover, with the already existing ones and known manufacturing processes in Large series, i.e. is inexpensive to manufacture.
- the invention Glow plug has a heating element, thermally and mechanically even at temperatures stable above 1200 ° C.
- the glow plug shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially from a metallic hollow body 1, in the Cavity a ceramic heating element 2 is arranged is at one end, i.e. at the motor end of the Hollow body 1 protrudes axially from this.
- the heating element 2 is essentially made of a ceramic insulator 7, for example made of AIN, in which a ceramic Conductor 6, for example made of SiC or SiAlON, is sintered.
- the ceramic leader 6 is designed so that in the engine-side heating rod tip, i.e. in the heating area 5, a zone 15 with a higher one electrical resistance is formed.
- This zone 15 forms the actual heating resistor, which is preferably U-shaped in the manner shown in Fig. 1 is.
- This training can be done by an appropriate Doping of the ceramic conductor 6 in the zone 15 or achieved by reducing the cross-section become.
- Zone 15 has a low-resistance area 14 on the two ends of the heating resistor electrically with the connection area, i.e. the Power supply connections that connects at the In Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of the metallic Hollow body 1 as a ground connection and a Screw or plug connection 3 are the same in the hollow body 1 on the opposite of the heating area 5 Side is arranged.
- the ceramic Head 6 according to the usual manufacturing processes in the ceramic Insulator 7 sintered and by a mechanical Processing before or after the sintering process with contact surfaces 8 and 9 for ground contact and provide the plug contact.
- the arrangement of the ceramic Head 6 and the formation of the contact areas 8 and 9 are such that the ceramic conductor 6 electrically on the one hand in the area of its end section with the metallic hollow body 1 to form the Ground contact and on the other hand at the other end section electrically connected to the connector 3 is.
- the ground contact surface 9 can simultaneously as Serve sealing seat.
- the contact surface 8 is with the Connector 3 in connection, for example can be designed as a round plug.
- the contacting of the ceramic conductor 6 with the power supply connections, i.e. 1 with the metallic hollow body 1 and with the plug connector 3 is a pressure contact. That means that the contact at the contact surfaces 8 and 9 is pressurized. This can be achieved be that the heating element 2 pressure-tight over a Insulating ring 4 is installed in the hollow body 1, on the the edge 12 of the hollow body 1 is crimped, the preload achieved a pressure on the contact surfaces 8 and 9 results.
- the preload can also by heating and axial Compression of the hollow body 1 achieved in the central region 13 or be increased.
- the contacts additionally soldered or with a conductive adhesive or glued to a conductive putty.
- Fig. 1 In the glow plug shown in Fig. 1 are for Improvement of the contact on the contact surfaces 8 and 9 contact parts in the form of metallic contact rings 10 and 11 provided with the ceramic Conductor 6 on the contact surfaces 8 and 9 mechanically and are electrically connected, for example by soldering.
- These contact rings 10 and 11 can be made on the prefabricated Heating rod 2 are applied or with the ceramic Conductor 6 are connected before the ceramic Conductor with the contact rings 10, 11 completely in the ceramic insulator 7 is sintered.
- the ceramic conductor 6 and the contact rings 10, 11 in the insulator 7 ensures that the ceramic conductor 6 on the the contacts diametrically opposite points against hollow bodies 1 or the connector 3 is isolated.
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention Glow plug, which is different from that shown in Fig. 1 Embodiment differs in that that it is a bipolar version compared to that in Fig. 1 shown single-pole version has.
- contact parts as contact rings 10, 11 were formed in the one shown in FIG Exemplary embodiment individual contact pieces 17, 18 provided, each for contact with the corresponding arranged and formed first or second pole are.
- the hollow body 1 is opposite the heating elements installed electrically insulated, the surface 21, which is located at the point in FIG. 1 the ground contact surface 9 is designed as pure Sealing surface serves.
- the conductive ceramic of the ceramic conductor 6 therefor be ensured that the ceramic conductor 6 in some areas different resistance temperature coefficients has, i.e. that an area with positive resistance temperature coefficient arises so that the glow plug is self-regulating.
- This self-regulating property can cover the whole area of the ceramic conductor 6 or only be provided over a partial area. Preferably this property is over area 14 available.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Glühkerze mit einem Hohlkörper, in dem ein keramischer Heizstab mit eingesintertem keramischen Heizelement angeordnet ist, der an einer Seite des Hohlkörpers axial vorsteht und dessen Heizelement mit Stromversorgungsanschlüssen verbunden ist und einer Heizbereich aufweist.The invention relates to a glow plug with a Hollow body in which a ceramic heating element with sintered ceramic heating element is arranged, the protrudes axially on one side of the hollow body and its Heating element with power supply connections is connected and has a heating area.
Derartige Glühkerzen mit einem keramischen Leiter und einer Metallwiderstandswendel als Heizelement sind aus der DE 42 03 183 A1 bzw. der DE 41 33 046 A1 bekannt.Such glow plugs with a ceramic conductor and a metal resistance coil as a heating element are from DE 42 03 183 A1 and DE 41 33 046 A1 known.
Glühkerzen werden allgemein als Starthilfe in Dieselmotoren und Alkoholmotoren, zur Zündung von Zusatzheizungen, zur Zündung von Gasbrennern usw. verwandt.Glow plugs are commonly used as a jump start in diesel engines and alcohol engines, for the ignition of additional heaters, to ignite gas burners etc. related.
Bei der aus der DE 42 03 183 A1 bekannten Glühkerze besteht der keramische Leiter aus einem U-förmig gebogenen Leiterstück, das am vorderen Ende des vorstehenden Teils des Heizelementes angeordnet ist und ein erstes Heizelement bildet. Dieses erste Heizelement ist über ein zweites Heiz-element in Form einer Wendel aus einem metallischem Material mit den Stromversorgungsanschlüssen verbunden.In the glow plug known from DE 42 03 183 A1 the ceramic conductor consists of a U-shaped curved conductor piece that at the front end of the protruding Part of the heating element is arranged and forms a first heating element. This first heating element is via a second heating element in the form of a coil Made of a metallic material with the power supply connections connected.
Bei der aus der DE 41 33 046 Al bekannten Glühkerze ist die Heizwendel direkt mit den Stromversorgungsanschlüssen verbunden.In the glow plug known from DE 41 33 046 A1 is the heating coil directly with the power supply connections connected.
Aufgrund der bei derartigen Glühkerzen vorgesehenen Kontaktierungen im Heizbereich, insbesondere zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Heizelement sowie zwischen dem zweiten Heizelement und den Stromversorgungsanschlüssen ist das Fertigungsverfahren derartiger Glühkerzen sehr aufwendig. Wegen der notwendigen Kontaktierungen im Heizbereich besteht darüber hinaus eine thermische Belastbarkeitsgrenze eines in den keramischen Isolator eingesinterten keramischen Leiters bei bereits ca. 1200°C.Due to the provided in such glow plugs Contacting in the heating area, in particular between the first and the second heating element as well between the second heating element and the power supply connections is the manufacturing process such glow plugs very expensive. Because of the necessary There is contact in the heating area also a thermal load limit of one ceramic sintered into the ceramic insulator Conductor at around 1200 ° C.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe besteht demgegenüber darin, die Glühkerze der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß sie mit einem einfachen Fertigungsverfahren, das eine geringere Anzahl von Fertigungsschritten umfaßt, aus weniger Einzelteilen herstellbar ist und bei der eine thermische Überlastung an den Kontaktstellen vermieden ist.The object underlying the invention is in contrast, the glow plug at the beginning mentioned type so that it can be done with a simple Manufacturing process that a smaller number of manufacturing steps, from fewer parts is producible and with a thermal overload is avoided at the contact points.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die Ausbildung gelöst, die im kennzeichnen des Anspruchs 1 angegeben ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by the Training solved in characterizing the claim 1 is specified.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung werden Kontakte, insbesondere Lötkontakte im Heizbereich vermieden, so daß keine thermischen Überlastungen an den Kontaktstellen auftreten können, wobei aufgrund der Ausbildung der Kontakte in Form von Kontaktflachen am Heizelement die erfindungsgemäße Glühkerze mit einem einfachen Verfahren gefertigt werden kann.In the training according to the invention Contacts, especially solder contacts in the heating area avoided so that no thermal overloads can occur at the contact points, due to the formation of contacts in the form of contact surfaces the glow plug according to the invention on the heating element can be manufactured with a simple process can.
Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung ist es darüber hinaus möglich, der Kerze Abmessungen zu geben, die geometrisch Metall-Stabglühkerzen entspricht, d.h. eine Keramikglühkerze in Kompaktbauweise auszuführen, die darüber hinaus mit den bereits bestehenden und bekannten Fertigungsverfahren in Großserie, d.h. kostengünstig herstellbar ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Glühkerze weist ein Heizelement auf, das thermisch und mechanisch auch bei Temperaturen von über 1200°C stabil ist.Because of the training according to the invention, it is moreover, it is possible to measure the candle give, which corresponds geometrically to metal glow plugs, i.e. a compact ceramic glow plug to carry out, moreover, with the already existing ones and known manufacturing processes in Large series, i.e. is inexpensive to manufacture. The invention Glow plug has a heating element, thermally and mechanically even at temperatures stable above 1200 ° C.
Besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen
der erfindungsgemäßen Glühkerze sind
Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 2 bis 8.Particularly preferred refinements and developments
of the glow plug according to the invention
Subject matter of
Im folgenden werden anhand der zugehörigen
Zeichnung besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele
der Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Glühkerze besteht im wesentlichen
aus einem metallischen Hohlkörper 1, in dessen
Hohlraum ein keramischer Heizstab 2 angeordnet
ist, der an einem Ende, d.h. am motorseitigen Ende des
Hohlkörpers 1 axial aus diesem herausragt. Der Heizstab
2 ist im wesentlichen aus einem keramischen Isolator
7, beispielsweise aus AIN gebildet, in den ein keramischer
Leiter 6, beispielsweise aus SiC oder SiAlON,
eingesintert ist. Der keramische Leiter
6 ist so gestaltet, daß in der motorseitigen Heizstabspitze,
d.h. im Heizbereich 5, eine Zone 15 mit einem höheren
elektrischen Widerstand gebildet ist. Diese Zone
15 bildet den eigentlichen Heizwiderstand, der vorzugsweise
in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Weise U-förmig ausgebildet
ist. Diese Ausbildung kann durch eine entsprechende
Dotierung des keramischen Leiters 6 in der Zone
15 oder durch eine Querschnittsreduzierung erzielt
werden.The glow plug shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially
from a metallic hollow body 1, in the
Cavity a
An die Zone 15 schließt sich ein niederohmiger Bereich
14 an, der die beiden Enden des Heizwiderstandes
elektrisch mit dem Anschlußbereich, d.h. den
Stromversorgungsanschlüssen, verbindet, die bei dem
in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der metallischen
Hohlkörper 1 als Masseanschluß und ein
Schraub- oder Steckeranschluß 3 sind, der gleichfalls
im Hohlkörper 1 auf der dem Heizbereich 5 gegenüberliegenden
Seite angeordnet ist.
Zur Bildung des Heizstabes 2 wird der keramische
Leiter 6 nach üblichen Fertigungsverfahren in den keramischen
Isolator 7 eingesintert und durch eine mechanische
Bearbeitung vor oder nach dem Sintervorgang
mit Kontaktflächen 8 und 9 für den Massekontakt und
den Steckerkontakt versehen. Die Anordnung des keramischen
Leiters 6 sowie die Ausbildung der Kontaktflächen
8 und 9 sind derart, daß der keramische Leiter
6 elektrisch einerseits im Bereich seines Endabschnittes
mit dem metallischen Hohlkörper 1 zur Bildung des
Massekontaktes und andererseits am anderen Endabschnitt
mit dem Steckeranschluß 3 elektrisch verbunden
ist. Die Massekontaktfläche 9 kann gleichzeitig als
Dichtsitz dienen. Die Kontaktfläche 8 steht mit dem
Steckeranschluß 3 in Verbindung, der beispielsweise
als ein Rundstecker ausgeführt sein kann.To form the
Die Kontaktierung des keramischen Leiters 6 mit
den Stromversorgungsanschlüssen, d.h. gemäß Fig. 1
mit dem metallischen Hohlkörper 1 sowie mit dem Stekkeranschluß
3 ist eine Druckkontaktierung.
Das heißt, daß der Kontakt an den Kontaktflächen
8 und 9 druckbeaufschlagt ist. Das kann dadurch erreicht
werden, daß der Heizstab 2 druckdicht über einen
Isolierring 4 in den Hohlkörper 1 eingebaut ist, über den
der Rand 12 des Hohlkörpers 1 gebördelt ist, wobei die
dabei erzielte Vorspannung einen Druck an den Kontaktflächen
8 und 9 zur Folge hat. Die Vorspannung
kann darüber hinaus durch ein Erwärmen und axiales
Stauchen des Hohlkörpers 1 im mittleren Bereich 13 erzielt
oder gesteigert werden.The contacting of the
Falls es erforderlich sein sollte, können die Kontakte zusätzlich gelötet oder mit einem leitfähigen Kleber oder einem leitfähigen Kitt verklebt sein.If necessary, the contacts additionally soldered or with a conductive adhesive or glued to a conductive putty.
Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Glühkerze sind zur
Verbesserung der Kontaktierung an den Kontaktflächen
8 und 9 Kontaktteile in Form von metallischen Kontaktringen
10 und 11 vorgesehen, die mit dem keramischen
Leiter 6 an den Kontaktflächen 8 und 9 mechanisch und
elektrisch, beispielsweise durch Löten, verbunden sind.
Diese Kontaktringe 10 und 11 können auf den vorgefertigten
Heizstab 2 aufgebracht werden oder mit dem keramischen
Leiter 6 verbunden werden, bevor der keramische
Leiter mit den Kontaktringen 10, 11 komplett in
den keramischen Isolator 7 eingesintert wird. Durch eine
entsprechende Anordnung des keramischen Leiters
6 und der Kontaktringe 10, 11 im Isolator 7 ist dafür gesorgt,
daß der keramische Leiter 6 auf der den Kontakten
diametral gegenüberliegenden Stellen gegen Hohlkörper
1 bzw. dem Steckeranschluß 3 isoliert ist.In the glow plug shown in Fig. 1 are for
Improvement of the contact on the
Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Glühkerze, das sich von dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel dadurch unterscheidet, daß es eine zweipolige Ausführung gegenüber der in Fig. 1 dargestellten einpoligen Ausführung hat.Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention Glow plug, which is different from that shown in Fig. 1 Embodiment differs in that that it is a bipolar version compared to that in Fig. 1 shown single-pole version has.
Während bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel
die Kontaktfläche 9 für den Massekontakt
an einer Außenseite des keramischen Leiters 6 im niederohmigen
Bereich innerhalb des metallischen Hohlkörpers
1 ausgebildet war und dort mit diesem den Massekontakt
bildete, ist bei dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel
auch diese Kontaktfläche für den Massekontakt
am Ende des keramischen Leiters 6 ausgebildet
und über einen Kontaktteil 18 mit dem zweiten Pol
20 des Steckeranschlusses 3 verbunden, dessen erster
Pol in gleicher Weise wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel von
Fig. 1 ausgebildet ist. Ein Isolierteil 19 ist zwischen den
beiden Polen 3 und 20 des Steckeranschlusses 3 vorgesehen.While in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1
the
Während bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel
die Kontaktteile als Kontaktringe 10, 11
ausgebildet waren, sind bei dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten
Ausführungsbeispiel einzelne Kontaktstücke 17, 18 vorgesehen,
die jeweils für den Kontakt zu dem entsprechenden
ersten oder zweiten Pol angeordnet und ausgebildet
sind.While in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1
the contact parts as
Bei einer zweipoligen Ausbildung, wie sie in Fig. 2
dargestellt ist, ist der Hohlkörper 1 gegenüber den Heizelementen
elektrisch isoliert eingebaut, wobei die Fläche
21, die sich an der Stelle befindet, an der in Fig. 1
die Massekontaktfläche 9 ausgebildet ist, als reine
Dichtfläche dient.With a two-pole design, as shown in FIG. 2
is shown, the hollow body 1 is opposite the heating elements
installed electrically insulated, the
Im übrigen entspricht die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Glühkerze dem in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 bereits beschriebenen Aufbau.Otherwise corresponds to the glow plug shown in FIG. 2 that already described in connection with FIG. 1 Construction.
Bei den beiden in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen
kann durch eine spezielle Dotierung
der leitfähigen Keramik des keramischen Leiters 6 dafür
gesorgt werden, daß der keramische Leiter 6 bereichsweise
verschiedene Widerstandstemperaturkoeffizienten
hat, d.h. daß ein Bereich mit positivem Widerstandstemperaturkoeffizient
entsteht, so daß die Glühkerze
selbstregelnd ist. Diese Selbstregeleigenschaft
kann über den ganzen Bereich des keramischen Leiters
6 oder nur über einen Teilbereich vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise
ist diese Eigenschaft über den Bereich 14
vorhanden.In the two exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
can by a special doping
the conductive ceramic of the
Claims (8)
- Glow plug having a hollow body in which is arranged a solid ceramic heating rod which has a sintered-in ceramic heating element and which projects axially on one side of the hollow body and the heating element of which is connected to power supply connections (1, 3) and has a heating region (5), characterised in that portions of the heating element (6) itself are in the form of contact faces (8, 9) by way of which the heating element (6) is in contact with the power supply connections (1, 3), in that the contacts of the heating element lie outside the heating region (5) and in that the contacts of the heating element are acted upon by pressure at its contact faces (8, 9) with the power supply connections (1, 3).
- Glow plug according to Claim 1, characterised by an insulating and sealing ring (4) which is arranged in the hollow body (1), on the other side, and over which the edge (12) of the hollow body (1) is so flanged that there is a prestress in the axial direction which applies pressure to the contact faces (8, 9).
- Glow plug according to Claim 1, characterised in that an axial biasing which places the contact faces (8, 9) under pressure is produced by heating and axial upsetting of the hollow body (1).
- Glow plug according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by metal contact parts (10, 11, 17, 18) which are provided at the contact sites between the contact faces (8, 9) of the heating element (6) and the power supply connections.
- Glow plug according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the contact face (8) for the plug connection (3) is formed on one conductor end portion and the contact face (9) for the earth connection is formed at a site in a region of the other conductor end portion that is located in the hollow body (1) composed of a metal material, the heating element (6) being so arranged and the contact face (9) for the earth connection being so formed that the earth contact with the metal hollow body (1) is formed at this site.
- Glow plug according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the hollow body (1) is insulated from the heating element (6) and the contact face for the earth connection is formed at the other end of the heating element (6) and is connected to the earth pole (20) of a double-pole connection plug (3, 20).
- Glow plug according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heating element (6) is a ceramic conductor.
- Glow plug according to Claim 7, characterised in that the ceramic conductor (6) is, at least in parts, doped to different degrees, so that regions having a positive and negative resistance temperature coefficient are formed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE59402135.9T DE59402135C5 (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1994-09-19 | glow plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4335292 | 1993-10-15 | ||
| DE4335292A DE4335292A1 (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1993-10-15 | Glow plug |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0648977A2 EP0648977A2 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
| EP0648977A3 EP0648977A3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
| EP0648977B1 EP0648977B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
| EP0648977B2 true EP0648977B2 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
Family
ID=6500295
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94114747A Expired - Lifetime EP0648977B2 (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1994-09-19 | Glow plug |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5589091A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0648977B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3712134B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE150537T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4335292A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2101416T5 (en) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19506950C2 (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1998-07-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Glow plug for diesel engines |
| US5676100A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1997-10-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | Glow plug assembly |
| US5880432A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-03-09 | Le-Mark International Ltd. | Electric heating device with ceramic heater wedgingly received within a metalic body |
| US6144015A (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2000-11-07 | General Motors Corporation | Glow sensor--ceramic flat plate |
| DE19914619A1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-12 | Beru Ag | Method for sealing the connection-side end region of the glow tube of a glow plug and glow plugs with a closure according to the method |
| US6184497B1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-02-06 | Le-Mark International Ltd. | Multi-layer ceramic heater element and method of making same |
| US6084212A (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2000-07-04 | Le-Mark International Ltd | Multi-layer ceramic heater element and method of making same |
| DE19930334C2 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2003-07-31 | Beru Ag | Ceramic heating element and glow plug containing the same and method for its production |
| WO2001016529A1 (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ceramic sheathed element glow plug |
| US6660970B1 (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2003-12-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ceramic sheathed element glow plug |
| US6285008B1 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2001-09-04 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Ignition plug and method of manufacture |
| DE10041282B4 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2005-02-10 | Beru Ag | Method for connecting a heating rod of a glow plug with its glow plug body and a corresponding glow plug |
| US6346688B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-02-12 | O'donnell Steven B. | Glow plug with crimp-secured washer and method |
| DE10053327C2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2003-04-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | pin heater |
| US6342690B1 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-01-29 | O'donnell Steven B. | Glow plug assembly method and construction |
| JP2002359060A (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-13 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Heater and method of manufacturing heater |
| US6539905B1 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2003-04-01 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, L.L.C. | Glow plug connection apparatus |
| DE10228077A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-08 | Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena | Method for forming electrically conductive connection between metal ring or sleeve and ceramic element, especially for diesel engine glow-plug, using compact and highly porous material-elastic, electrically conductive intermediate layer |
| DE10339641A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Pencil-type glow plug for an internal combustion engine comprises a connecting pin and a contact element that are partly surrounded by an electrically insulating plastic sleeve within the plug housing |
| US7115836B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-10-03 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Glow plug |
| DE102006016566B4 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2008-06-12 | Beru Ag | Composite conductor, in particular for glow plugs for diesel engines |
| JP5292317B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2013-09-18 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ceramic heater and glow plug |
| DE102008035036B3 (en) * | 2008-07-26 | 2010-04-15 | Beru Ag | Ceramic heater plug, for diesel motors, has a negative temperature coefficient resistance in series with the ceramic heater |
| US9964306B2 (en) | 2008-11-27 | 2018-05-08 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | Glow plug |
| US8481892B2 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2013-07-09 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Ceramic heater and method for producing same |
| CN102933903B (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2014-07-16 | 京瓷株式会社 | Heater and glow plug provided with same |
| WO2012046511A1 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-04-12 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Glow plug terminal and glow plug |
| DE102010062438A1 (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glow plug and method for its production |
| JP5973222B2 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2016-08-23 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Glow plug and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP6088897B2 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2017-03-01 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Glow plug |
| US9644532B2 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2017-05-09 | Sheldon J. Demmons | Autonomous glow driver for radio controlled engines |
| CN105072718B (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2017-06-16 | 重庆利迈陶瓷技术有限公司 | A kind of ceramic electrically-heated body |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3146653C2 (en) † | 1981-02-07 | 1986-09-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Glow plug for internal combustion engines |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1213669B (en) * | 1964-01-14 | 1966-03-31 | Eiko Denki Corp | Glow plug with an electrical resistance heating element made of silicon carbide |
| FR2398969A1 (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1979-02-23 | Eyquem | Compression ignition IC engine heater plug - has sheath of greater electrical resistance than element inside it |
| US4312120A (en) * | 1980-05-22 | 1982-01-26 | Bendix Autolite Corporation | Glow plug manufacture |
| US4418661A (en) * | 1981-02-07 | 1983-12-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glow plug, particularly for diesel engine |
| JPS5872821A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1983-04-30 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Glow plug and its manufacturing method |
| US4582981A (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1986-04-15 | Allied Corporation | Glow plug having a resistive surface film heater |
| EP0194535A3 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1988-01-07 | Allied Corporation | Glow plug having a metallic silicide resistive film heater |
| DE3701929A1 (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-08-13 | Jidosha Kiki Co | GLOW PLUG FOR A DIESEL MACHINE |
| JPS62148869U (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1987-09-19 | ||
| DE3802233A1 (en) * | 1987-01-22 | 1988-08-04 | Jidosha Kiki Co | GLOW PLUG FOR A DIESEL ENGINE |
| US5084607A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1992-01-28 | Caterpillar Inc. | Interference connection between a heating element and body of a glow plug |
| DE4014356A1 (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-11-07 | Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A | GLOW PLUG |
| JPH04143518A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1992-05-18 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Self-regulative type ceramic glow plug |
| JP3044630B2 (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 2000-05-22 | ボッシュ ブレーキ システム株式会社 | Ceramic heater type glow plug |
-
1993
- 1993-10-15 DE DE4335292A patent/DE4335292A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1994
- 1994-09-19 DE DE59402135.9T patent/DE59402135C5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-19 AT AT94114747T patent/ATE150537T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-19 ES ES94114747T patent/ES2101416T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-19 EP EP94114747A patent/EP0648977B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-11 JP JP24551394A patent/JP3712134B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-17 US US08/325,950 patent/US5589091A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3146653C2 (en) † | 1981-02-07 | 1986-09-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Glow plug for internal combustion engines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2101416T3 (en) | 1997-07-01 |
| ES2101416T5 (en) | 2002-02-16 |
| EP0648977A2 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
| US5589091A (en) | 1996-12-31 |
| JP3712134B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
| DE59402135C5 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
| JPH07217880A (en) | 1995-08-18 |
| EP0648977A3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
| ATE150537T1 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
| DE4335292A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| DE59402135D1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
| EP0648977B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
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