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EP0646293B1 - Charge electrode - Google Patents

Charge electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0646293B1
EP0646293B1 EP94909006A EP94909006A EP0646293B1 EP 0646293 B1 EP0646293 B1 EP 0646293B1 EP 94909006 A EP94909006 A EP 94909006A EP 94909006 A EP94909006 A EP 94909006A EP 0646293 B1 EP0646293 B1 EP 0646293B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
electrode
electrode according
charge electrode
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94909006A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0646293A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst August Hahne
Franz Knopf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eltex Elektrostatik GmbH
Original Assignee
Eltex Elektrostatik GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0646293A1 publication Critical patent/EP0646293A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0646293B1 publication Critical patent/EP0646293B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes

Definitions

  • Electrodes for charging are known in a variety of embodiments (DE-35 22 881). These known electrodes are used to apply electrical surface charges, the tips of the individual electrodes for electrical decoupling very often being connected to the generator supply voltage via series resistors. If such tips are arranged along a straight line and cast in an electrode profile, electrical charging can thus also be operated on high-speed printing presses with a working width of several meters. As a result of the charging, electrical field forces are used to press substrates onto metal rollers or to block multi-layer substrates.
  • switchable individual electrodes have become known (DE-29 48 902), which can be used to adapt to the working width of the printing press by switching individual electrodes on or off.
  • the Switching takes place via a hydraulic or pneumatic medium, which is fed separately to the individual electrode via a pressure-tight line.
  • the switchable individual electrodes take up a large amount of space, so that a high-voltage electrode of large size results overall. Furthermore, the problems of sparking when switching in areas of application in explosion-proof rooms are unacceptable, quite apart from the fact that discharge paths, leakage currents etc. nevertheless result when the electrodes are switched off.
  • the disadvantage here is that a number of switching lines corresponding to the switchable number of individual electrodes plus a line to the high-voltage source is required.
  • the automatic control of the groups of electrodes is complex.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a charging electrode in accordance with the preamble of the main claim in such a way that any number of individual electrodes can be activated or deactivated in the simplest way.
  • the individual electrodes are poured with their tips into a metal housing that is open on one side and such an electrode is installed, electrically insulated from the housing, the surface of this metal housing will become charged during operation due to the electrical influence. If you coat this metallic housing with electrical insulation, the electrodes work as if they had an electrically insulating plastic housing.
  • the protruding tips of the individual electrodes on the open side of the metallic housing can be made almost currentless by means of cover slides, which are metallically conductive, preferably made of metal, if those tips of the individual electrodes can be removed by means of the covering device, which together with the housing has a high-resistance Receives connection to earth, can be made almost currentless if you cover those tips of the individual electrodes spatially spaced that should no longer emit.
  • the covering device which is designed to be electrically conductive, comes in front of an emitting tip of a single electrode, its surface at the point opposite the tip assumes approximately the same potential as that of the tip. This reduces the field strength at the tip to such small values that the emission current is practically zero. It has also surprisingly been found that the emission current increases linearly with the number of peaks not covered.
  • the charging electrode 6 has a metallic housing 11. Individual electrodes with tips 3 are arranged therein, which can be connected to an electrical high-voltage source via a series resistor 1.
  • the series resistor 1 is embedded in an electrically insulating resin 2 and the tips 3 of the individual electrode protrude from this resin 2.
  • the tip 3 of the individual electrode is arranged at a distance from a paper web 13, which runs over a cooling roller, designated overall by 14.
  • the individual electrode together with tip 3 with its series resistor 1 and the electrically insulating resin 2 are arranged in a separate electrode housing 7, which is electrically conductive and is preferably made of metal and cuboid with a - in the drawing down - open side 8 for the Tips 3 of the individual electrodes is formed.
  • This electrode housing 7 is provided with electrical insulation from the outside and inserted into a rectangular recess 9 in the housing 11.
  • grooves 10 are provided for a cover device 4 in the form of a metallic slide, which can be moved longitudinally in the grooves 10 by means of a driver 5 in the illustrated embodiment controlled by a pneumatic cylinder, so that the tips 3 of the Individual electrodes can be covered as a whole in any manner, as shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • the housing and the slider 10 have an electrically good conductive connection. Both parts are connected to earth via a resistor in the order of 1 gigohm.
  • the high voltage source is shown schematically with "U".

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/00487 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 28, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 28, 1994 PCT Filed Feb. 20, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO94/24737 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 27, 1994.A compound surface-charging electrode (6) with a metal housing (11). The housing accommodates two or more unit electrodes and upstream resistances (1) that can be connected to a source (U) of high voltage. The unit electrodes have prongs (3) that project out of the housing. The housing is open enough to allow them to do so. Each prong can be covered up by an electrically conductive electrode hatch (4). The electrode hatch is electrically conducting and connected to the housing. The housing and the electrode hatch are connected over to one terminal of a resistor, the other terminal of which can be grounded.

Description

Einzelelektroden für die Aufladung sind in einer Vielzahl von Ausführungsformen bekannt (DE-35 22 881). Diese bekannten Elektroden dienen zum Aufbringen elektrischer Oberflächenladungen, wobei die Spitzen der Einzelelektroden zur elektrischen Entkoppelung sehr oft über Vorwiderstände an die Generatorspeisespannung angeschlossen sind. Wenn solche Spitzen längs einer Geraden angeordnet und in einem Elektrodenprofil eingegossen sind, kann damit elektrische Aufladung auch an schnellaufenden Druckmaschinen mit mehreren Meter Arbeitsbreite betrieben werden. Infolge der Aufladung entstehenden elektrischen Feldkräfte werden hierbei benutzt, um Substrate auf Metallwalzen zu pressen oder mehrlagige Substrate zu verblocken.Single electrodes for charging are known in a variety of embodiments (DE-35 22 881). These known electrodes are used to apply electrical surface charges, the tips of the individual electrodes for electrical decoupling very often being connected to the generator supply voltage via series resistors. If such tips are arranged along a straight line and cast in an electrode profile, electrical charging can thus also be operated on high-speed printing presses with a working width of several meters. As a result of the charging, electrical field forces are used to press substrates onto metal rollers or to block multi-layer substrates.

Sehr häufig werden auf solchen Druckmaschinen verschieden breite Substrate gefahren. Beaufschlagt nun eine Aufladeelektrode blanke metallische Oberflächen mit Koronaströmen, so wird hierdurch die oberflächige Veränderung bzw. Zerstörung von Walzen bewirkt. In Fällen, bei denen die Aufladung zwischen zwei Elektroden erfolgt, fließen dort, wo sich kein Substrat befindet, unzulässig hohe Ströme.Substrates of different widths are very often used on such printing machines. If a charging electrode now applies corona currents to bare metal surfaces, this causes the surface change or destruction of the rollers. In cases where charging occurs between two electrodes, inadmissibly high currents flow where there is no substrate.

Aus diesem Grunde sind schaltbare Einzelelektroden bekanntgeworden (DE-29 48 902), mit denen durch An- oder Abschalten einzelner Elektroden eine Anpassung auf die Arbeitsbreite der Druckmaschine vorgenommen werden kann. Das Schalten erfolgt hierbei über ein hydraulisches oder pneumatisches Medium, welches der Einzelelektrode über eine druckdichte Leitung gesondert zugeführt wird.For this reason, switchable individual electrodes have become known (DE-29 48 902), which can be used to adapt to the working width of the printing press by switching individual electrodes on or off. The Switching takes place via a hydraulic or pneumatic medium, which is fed separately to the individual electrode via a pressure-tight line.

Ganz abgesehen von den Problemen durch den Platzbedarf für die Schaltungsleitung für das hydraulische oder pneumatische Medium beanspruchen die schaltbaren Einzelelektroden einen großen Raumbedarf, so daß sich insgesamt eine Hochspannungselektrode mit großer Baugröße ergibt. Ferner sind die Probleme der Funkenbildung beim Schalten bei Anwendungsgebieten in explosionsgesicherten Räumen nicht hinnehmbar, ganz abgesehen davon, daß sich bei ausgeschalteten Elektroden gleichwohl Entladungsstrecken, Kriechströme etc. ergeben.Quite apart from the problems caused by the space required for the circuit line for the hydraulic or pneumatic medium, the switchable individual electrodes take up a large amount of space, so that a high-voltage electrode of large size results overall. Furthermore, the problems of sparking when switching in areas of application in explosion-proof rooms are unacceptable, quite apart from the fact that discharge paths, leakage currents etc. nevertheless result when the electrodes are switched off.

Weiter ist bekanntgeworden, Abdeckschieber aus Nichtleiter über nichtschaltbaren Einzelelektroden anzubringen, um die Arbeitsbreite einstellen zu können. Von Nachteil hierbei ist aber, daß die Spitzen der Einzelelektroden nach wie vor Ladung emittieren, welche sich dann per elektrischem Durchgriff wieder einen Weg zum entsprechenden Gegenpotential sucht.It has also become known to mount cover slides made of non-conductor over non-switchable individual electrodes in order to be able to set the working width. The disadvantage here, however, is that the tips of the individual electrodes continue to emit charge, which then seeks a way to the corresponding counter potential by means of an electrical penetration.

Schließlich ist es auch noch bekannt, Gruppen von Einzelelektroden bei einer Aufladeelektrode zu schalten (DE-37 25 142).Finally, it is also known to switch groups of individual electrodes in a charging electrode (DE-37 25 142).

Von Nachteil ist hierbei, daß eine der schaltbaren Anzahl der Einzelelektroden entsprechende Anzahl von Schaltleitungen zuzüglich einer Leitung an die Hochspannungsquelle erforderlich ist. Außerdem ist die automatische Steuerung der Gruppen von Elektroden aufwendig.The disadvantage here is that a number of switching lines corresponding to the switchable number of individual electrodes plus a line to the high-voltage source is required. In addition, the automatic control of the groups of electrodes is complex.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Aufladeelektrode gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches so weiterzubilden, daß in einfachster Weise jede beliebige Zahl von Einzelelektroden aktiviert bzw. deaktiviert werden können.The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a charging electrode in accordance with the preamble of the main claim in such a way that any number of individual electrodes can be activated or deactivated in the simplest way.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Aufladeelektrode gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches erfindungsgemäß durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst.This task is carried out with a generic charging electrode according to the preamble of the main claim according to the invention solved by its characterizing features.

Gießt man beispielsweise die Einzelelektroden mit ihren Spitzen in ein einseitig offenes metallisches Gehäuse und installiert eine solche Elektrode elektrisch vom Gehäuse isoliert, so wird sich während des Betriebs die Oberfläche dieses Metallgehäuses über die elektrische Influenz aufladen. Beschichtet man dieses metallische Gehäuse mit einer elektrischen Isolierung, so arbeiten die Elektroden genauso, als hätten sie ein elektrisch isolierendes Kunststoffgehäuse.If, for example, the individual electrodes are poured with their tips into a metal housing that is open on one side and such an electrode is installed, electrically insulated from the housing, the surface of this metal housing will become charged during operation due to the electrical influence. If you coat this metallic housing with electrical insulation, the electrodes work as if they had an electrically insulating plastic housing.

Die an der offenen Seite des metallischen Gehäuses herausragenden Spitzen der Einzelelektroden können dabei mittels Abdeckschieber, welche metallisch leitend, vorzugsweise aus Metall hergestellt sind, nahezu stromlos gemacht werden, wenn man jene Spitzen der Einzelelektroden können mittels der Abdeckvorrichtung, die zusammen mit dem Gehäuse einer hochohmige Verbindung zur Erde erhält, nahezu stromlos gemacht werden, wenn man jene Spitzen der Einzelelektroden mit der Abdeckvorrichtung räumlich beabstandet abdeckt, die nicht mehr emittieren sollen.The protruding tips of the individual electrodes on the open side of the metallic housing can be made almost currentless by means of cover slides, which are metallically conductive, preferably made of metal, if those tips of the individual electrodes can be removed by means of the covering device, which together with the housing has a high-resistance Receives connection to earth, can be made almost currentless if you cover those tips of the individual electrodes spatially spaced that should no longer emit.

Wenn die Abdeckvorrichtung, welche elektrisch leitend ausgebildet ist, vor eine emittierende Spitze einer Einzelelektrode gelangt, nimmt deren Oberfläche an der der Spitze gegenüberliegenden Stelle in etwa dasselbe Potential wie das der Spitze an. Damit reduziert sich die Feldstärke an der Spitze selbst auf so kleine Werte, daß der Emissionsstrom praktisch gegen Null geht. Es hat sich ferner überraschenderweise herausgestellt, daß der Emissionsstrom linear mit der Zahl der nicht abgedeckten Spitzen zunimmt.If the covering device, which is designed to be electrically conductive, comes in front of an emitting tip of a single electrode, its surface at the point opposite the tip assumes approximately the same potential as that of the tip. This reduces the field strength at the tip to such small values that the emission current is practically zero. It has also surprisingly been found that the emission current increases linearly with the number of peaks not covered.

Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Expedient refinements and developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Ein schematisches Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigt:

Figur 1
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Aufladeelektrode und
Figur 2
eine schematische Seitenansicht auf die Aufladeelektrode.
A schematic embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawing explained. In this shows:
Figure 1
a schematic cross section through a charging electrode and
Figure 2
a schematic side view of the charging electrode.

Die Aufladeelektrode 6 weist ein metallisches Gehäuse 11 auf. Darin sind Einzelelektroden mit Spitzen 3 angeordnet, welche über einen Vorwiderstand 1 an eine elektrische Hochspannungsquelle anschließbar sind. Der Vorwiderstand 1 ist in ein elektrisch isolierendes Harz 2 eingebettet und die Spitzen 3 der Einzelelektrode ragt aus diesem Harz 2 heraus.The charging electrode 6 has a metallic housing 11. Individual electrodes with tips 3 are arranged therein, which can be connected to an electrical high-voltage source via a series resistor 1. The series resistor 1 is embedded in an electrically insulating resin 2 and the tips 3 of the individual electrode protrude from this resin 2.

Die Spitzen 3 der Einzelelektrode ist mit Abstand von einer Papierbahn 13 angeordnet, die über eine insgesamt mit 14 bezeichnete Kühlwalze läuft.The tip 3 of the individual electrode is arranged at a distance from a paper web 13, which runs over a cooling roller, designated overall by 14.

Die Einzelelektrode nebst Spitze 3 mit ihrem Vorwiderstand 1 und dem elektrisch isolierenden Harz 2 sind hierbei in einem gesonderten Elektrodengehäuse 7 angeordnet, welches elektrisch leitend ausgebildet ist und vorzugsweise aus Metall besteht sowie quaderförmig mit einer - in der Zeichnung nach unten - offenen Seite 8 für die Spitzen 3 der Einzelelektroden ausgebildet ist. Dieses Elektrodengehäuse 7 ist mit einer elektrischen Isolierung aus seiner Außenseite versehen und in eine quaderförmige Ausnehmung 9 des Gehäuses 11 eingesetzt.The individual electrode together with tip 3 with its series resistor 1 and the electrically insulating resin 2 are arranged in a separate electrode housing 7, which is electrically conductive and is preferably made of metal and cuboid with a - in the drawing down - open side 8 for the Tips 3 of the individual electrodes is formed. This electrode housing 7 is provided with electrical insulation from the outside and inserted into a rectangular recess 9 in the housing 11.

Im unteren Bereich der quaderförmigen Ausnehmung 9 des Gehäuses 11 sind Nuten 10 für ein in Form eines metallischen Schiebers ausgebildete Abdeckvorrichtung 4 vorgesehen, welche mittels eines Mitnehmers 5 beim wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel von einem Pneumatikzylinder gesteuert in den Nuten 10 längsverschiebbar ist, so daß die Spitzen 3 der Einzelelektroden in beliebiger Art und Weise insgesamt abdeckbar sind, wie Fig. 2 schematisch zeigt. Das Gehäuse und der Schieber 10 weisen hierbei eine elektrisch gut leitende Verbindung auf. Beide Teile sind über einen Widerstand in der Größenordnung von 1 Giga-Ohm mit Erde verbunden. Die Hochspannungsquelle ist schematisch mit "U" angegeben.In the lower region of the rectangular recess 9 of the housing 11, grooves 10 are provided for a cover device 4 in the form of a metallic slide, which can be moved longitudinally in the grooves 10 by means of a driver 5 in the illustrated embodiment controlled by a pneumatic cylinder, so that the tips 3 of the Individual electrodes can be covered as a whole in any manner, as shown schematically in FIG. 2. The housing and the slider 10 have an electrically good conductive connection. Both parts are connected to earth via a resistor in the order of 1 gigohm. The high voltage source is shown schematically with "U".

Claims (12)

  1. Charge electrode (6) with a metal housing (11) and with two or more individual electrodes arranged within it together with series resistors (1) and designed for connection to a high voltage source (U), each individual electrode being provided with a tip (3) and the housing (11) having an opening in the neighbourhood of the tips (3), characterised in that each tip (3) is capable of being closed off by means of an electrically conducting cover device (4), that the latter is electrically connected to the housing (11) and that the housing and the cover device (4) are connectable to one terminal of a resistor of which the other terminal is connected to earth.
  2. Charge electrode according to claim 1, characterised in that the electric cover device (4) is made of metal.
  3. Charge electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the electric cover device (4) is in the form of a slide.
  4. Charge electrode according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the slide (4) is guided in two grooves (10) in the housing (11).
  5. Charge electrode according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the individual electrode is embedded in an electrically insulating resin (2).
  6. Charge electrode according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that all individual electrodes are arranged in an electrode housing (7).
  7. Charge electrode according to claim 6, characterised in that the electrode housing (7) is made electrically conducting.
  8. Charge electrode according to claim 7, characterised in that the electrode housing (7) is made of metal.
  9. Charge electrode according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the electrode housing (7) is made rectangular with an open side (8) for the tips (3) of the individual electrodes.
  10. Charge electrode according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the electrode housing is provided with electrical insulation on its outside.
  11. Charge electrode according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the electrode housing (7) is inserted in a rectangular recess (9) in the housing (11).
  12. Charge electrode according to claim 11, characterised in that the rectangular recess (9) is provided in the neighbourhood of its open side (8) with the two grooves (10) for the cover device (4).
EP94909006A 1993-04-16 1994-02-20 Charge electrode Expired - Lifetime EP0646293B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4312483 1993-04-16
DE4312483A DE4312483C1 (en) 1993-04-16 1993-04-16 Charging electrode for high-speed printing machine - has projecting printed ends of individual electrode elements protected by metallic sliding cover
PCT/EP1994/000487 WO1994024737A1 (en) 1993-04-16 1994-02-20 Charge electrode

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0646293A1 EP0646293A1 (en) 1995-04-05
EP0646293B1 true EP0646293B1 (en) 1996-09-25

Family

ID=6485641

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94909006A Expired - Lifetime EP0646293B1 (en) 1993-04-16 1994-02-20 Charge electrode

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5517384A (en)
EP (1) EP0646293B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07508128A (en)
AT (1) ATE143535T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4312483C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2092405T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1994024737A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5907468A (en) * 1994-10-19 1999-05-25 Haug Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for applying unipolar electrical charges to a moving electrically-insulated surface using a corona electrode
DE102005048002B4 (en) * 2005-10-06 2010-03-25 Eltex-Elektrostatik Gmbh High-voltage electrode arrangement

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU42298A1 (en) * 1961-09-12 1962-11-02
US3334227A (en) * 1964-03-24 1967-08-01 Scae Sa Flexible corona discharge electrode with means to vary the length of the emitting portion
US3397136A (en) * 1965-10-07 1968-08-13 Deerpark Machine Co Corona treating apparatus having an electrode with an adjustable width
DE1589743A1 (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-04-30 Eltex Elektronik Gmbh Rod-shaped ionization electrode for discharging light-sensitive materials
US3578970A (en) * 1968-05-03 1971-05-18 Plastic Coating Corp Variable width corona discharge apparatus with means to shield or vary a predetermined length of a corona discharge wire
AU421643B2 (en) * 1968-11-11 1972-02-23 The Commonwealth Of Australia A method of countour charging
US3890504A (en) * 1973-02-27 1975-06-17 Walco Systems Inc Adjustable corona discharge electrode
IT1103665B (en) * 1978-01-12 1985-10-14 Gianfranco Galimberti DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING UNIFORM SURFACE TREATMENT ON PLASTIC MATERIALS THROUGH CROWN EFFECT ELECTRIC DISCHARGE
US4216518A (en) * 1978-08-01 1980-08-05 The Simco Company, Inc. Capacitively coupled static eliminator with high voltage shield
CH638071A5 (en) * 1979-02-21 1983-08-31 Walter Spengler HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT WITH A NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALLY switched on and off TIP ELECTRODES.
US4523082A (en) * 1983-05-05 1985-06-11 Sturdevant Eugene J Electrode shield device
DE3522881C1 (en) * 1985-06-26 1986-10-02 Eltex-Elektrostatik Gesellschaft mbH, 7858 Weil High voltage electrode
DE3725142A1 (en) * 1987-07-29 1989-02-09 Eltex Elektrostatik Gmbh HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRODE
GB9020860D0 (en) * 1990-09-25 1990-11-07 Mountain Breeze Ltd Improvements in and relating to air ionisers
DE4105195A1 (en) * 1991-02-20 1992-08-27 Ahlbrandt Andreas DEVICE FOR TREATING SURFACES BY SPRAY DISCHARGE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5517384A (en) 1996-05-14
EP0646293A1 (en) 1995-04-05
WO1994024737A1 (en) 1994-10-27
ES2092405T3 (en) 1996-11-16
DE59400738D1 (en) 1996-10-31
DE4312483C1 (en) 1994-06-09
ATE143535T1 (en) 1996-10-15
JPH07508128A (en) 1995-09-07

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