EP0642292B1 - Einrichtung zur stereophonen Wiedergabe - Google Patents
Einrichtung zur stereophonen Wiedergabe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0642292B1 EP0642292B1 EP94106301A EP94106301A EP0642292B1 EP 0642292 B1 EP0642292 B1 EP 0642292B1 EP 94106301 A EP94106301 A EP 94106301A EP 94106301 A EP94106301 A EP 94106301A EP 0642292 B1 EP0642292 B1 EP 0642292B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- delay
- loudspeakers
- time
- sound
- sound propagation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013523 data management Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
- H04S7/301—Automatic calibration of stereophonic sound system, e.g. with test microphone
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
- H04R2499/10—General applications
- H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
- H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
- H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
- H04S7/307—Frequency adjustment, e.g. tone control
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device according to the Genus of the main claim.
- the human ear receives its directional information the evaluation of level and transit time differences between the one received by the right and the left ear acoustic signals. With an ideal listening location in the middle a so-called stereo triangle from the left speaker, then corresponds to the right loudspeaker and listeners Direction information of the stereo recording.
- the listener is in a place that asymmetrical to a two or more speaker system lies, the sound impression is spatially strong to that next speaker moved.
- EP 504 562 A1 describes a sound reproduction arrangement for a sound reproduction with a surround sound effect for motor vehicles demonstrated at the audio signal delay devices are provided to a certain in the speaker channels Effect delay time.
- the delay times of the Sound signal delay devices are set so that in addition a smoothing of the frequency response of the Sound level is reached at the listening location, with the Fluctuation range of the delay is used, which is on Listening location not noticeable.
- the object of the present invention is in a Establishment according to the genus of the main claim Setting the delay times easier.
- this task solved in that for playback with the help of each Loudspeaker provided audio signals Pass through delay devices whose Delay time is adjustable that means for measuring the Sound transit times from the individual speakers to the listening location are provided and that the delay times are such are automatically adjustable that the sum of the Sound duration and the respectively set Delay time is the same for all speakers.
- Establishment also has the advantage that the actual Sound duration is taken into account during manual Measurement for an assumed path of sound between the concerned speaker and the listening location is performed. In the latter, for example, a reflection or Redirection of the sound waves not taken into account.
- Level differences at the listening location are according to a training the device according to the invention takes into account that further means for measuring the by reproducing a Measurement signal, preferably a noise signal, through the sound level caused by individual loudspeakers at the listening location are provided and that the volume of each Loudspeakers in the sense of level difference compensation can be preset automatically.
- a Measurement signal preferably a noise signal
- the set delay times and if applicable, the saved presets of Volume can be stored in a non-volatile memory for several listening locations are. It is preferably provided that a Information about which of the saved Delay times and, if applicable, the saved ones Presets of the volume each time the Device are fed to the delay devices, is also non-volatile storable.
- a car radio can, for example with the device according to the invention after measuring the Sound transit times for the individual seating positions like this be programmed to play by pressing a button can be optimized for the individual seating positions and that when switching on the device that of a predetermined Delay times assigned to the seat position are set become. This will generally be the seating position of the Driver.
- Modern receiving devices include often digital signal processing.
- the delay devices of digital memories are formed, from which the respective audio signals to be delayed compared to registered mail be read out with a time delay.
- An adaptation of the device according to the invention to the respective arrangement of the speakers and the listening location is in advantageously possible in that for measuring the Sound transit time one speaker at a time Pulse signal is supplied, while a Timer is started, which measures the time until one Measuring microphone the sound level a predetermined threshold exceeds.
- the Pulse signal via a low-pass filter, preferably third Order with a cut-off frequency of 11 kHz, the loudspeaker is fed.
- the pulse signal itself is, for example realized by a rectangular pulse of approximately 3 ms duration.
- Adjustments are made and saved. So is characterized, for example, by further training, that the audio signals further Frequency response equalizer circuits go through that means to measure the frequency response between the speakers and a measuring microphone are provided and that the Frequency response equalizer according to the results of the measurement are adjustable, the respectively set Frequency responses of the individual speakers for different ones Listening locations can be saved.
- NF 1 represents the NF part for example a car radio with inputs 1, 2, 3 for a receiver, a cassette player and one CD player.
- Another input 4 which is only for one of the stereo signals, for example the right signal R, is executed, signals from a microphone amplifier 5 fed.
- an operating mode "Measure” the input switch 6 in the position 4, so that the Signals of the microphone amplifier 5 are forwarded.
- signals from one of the Inputs 1, 2 or 3 via the input switch 6 one Stereo-analog / digital converter 7 supplied.
- the Input switch 6 and others described later Changeover switches can be controlled by a control device 8.
- the outputs of the analog / digital converter 7 are included Inputs of a two-way switch 9 connected to the is also controllable by the control device 8.
- a two-way switch 9 connected to the is also controllable by the control device 8.
- digitized audio signals L and R of two each controllable delay devices 10, 11; 12, 13. This can be used as read-write memory (RAM) on a digital Signal processor implemented or external to this be connected.
- RAM read-write memory
- the memory access takes place via the internal address and data management of the digital Signal processor.
- the sequence, switching and level control can by the digital signal processor itself or a external microcontroller.
- the output signals of the controllable Delay devices are each for the left Front speaker, for the left rear speaker, for the right front speaker and for the right one Rear speakers provided and therefore with LF, LR, RF and RR designated. These signals become inputs of a Quadruple switch 14 fed and in the upper position the fourfold switch to two Stereo digital / analog converters 15, 16 forwarded.
- the output signals LF ', LR', RF 'and RR' of the Digital / analog converters 15, 16 arrive via controllable Volume control 17, 18, 19, 20 and power amplifier 21, 22, 23, 24 as signals LF ", LR", RF "and RR" to the Speakers 25, 26, 27, 28.
- a measuring microphone 29 can the different listening locations, in a motor vehicle the different seating positions, and is brought with connected to the input of the microphone amplifier 5.
- An operating and optionally connected display unit 30 with the in addition to the usual operating functions by a corresponding one Key input measuring the run times and the Sound level can be initiated.
- the double switch 9 in the lower Position controlled.
- the individual switches of the four-way switch 14 independently controllable such that one after the other one of the switches to the middle position (connection to Test signal impulse or noise) and the other switches take the lower position, in which the respective Speakers received no signals. That about the Signal chain 29, 5, 4, 6, 7, 9 incoming measurement signal MEAS is then a level meter 31 and then one Threshold discriminator 32 supplied.
- Whose exit is connected to a time meter 33 which is essentially consists of a counter from the control device started together with a pulse generator 34 and by the output signal of the threshold discriminator 32 is stopped.
- the output of the pulse generator is through a low pass filter 35 connected to a first input of a changeover switch 36.
- a Noise generator 37 connected, also from the Control device 8 is controllable.
- Fig. 2 shows the flow chart of a program for the Control device 8 (Fig. 1) during the operating mode "Measure” and in abbreviated form during the operating mode "Reproduction".
- the operating mode "Playback” or in Normal operation are the usual functions, such as for example manual control of the volume controls 17 to 20 and the choice between inputs 1, 2 or 3, possible.
- the control device 8 read out and the actuators 10 to 13 and 17 to 20 are supplied.
- the double switch 9 and the four-way switch 14 are in the upper Position o.
- the program part 41 which effects these functions, is run through cyclically, with one before each repetition There is a query as to whether there is an acoustic measurement should. Is this using the operating device 30 has been entered, then after the branch 42 "Measure" operating mode activated. In a program part 43 the volume controls 17 to 20 (Fig. 1) on one defined standard value (medium volume). Furthermore, this part of the program waits for the Operator the measuring microphone 29 (Fig. 1) to the first measuring hearing place.
- the four-way switch 14 is for the each channel to be measured to the middle position m and moved to the lower position u for the other channels, in which a mute of the connected Loudspeaker.
- the switch 36 is in the left position 1 posed while the pulse generator 34 and the Runtime meter 33 are started. As soon as the sound level on the measuring microphone exceeds a certain threshold, the runtime meter 33 is stopped at 46 and the measured value stored in the control device 8 (FIG. 1).
- the program branches depending on whether all four channels have been measured. If this is not yet the case, the program parts 44 to 49 are repeated for the next channel. However, if all four channels have been measured, the measured values T LF , T RF , T LR , T RR (T x ) for the runtimes of the four channels and the measured values L LF , L RF , L LR , L RR (L x ) before.
- the maximum sound propagation time T max (in processor cycles) was previously determined from the measured sound propagation times.
- the delay devices 10 to 13 are set to the calculated values and the four values are stored together with an indication of the associated listening location in a non-volatile memory of the control device.
- a branch 52 takes place depending on whether it is still additional listening locations should be measured. Isn't that the case, at 53 the volume controls are set to the front the activation of the operating mode "measure" existing values plus the offset determined in program part 51 set. At 53 that input 1 is also again 2 or 3 set which was active before the calibration. In addition, the other changeover switches are in accordance with the "Playback" mode switched. The program will then continued at 41. However, there should be additional listening locations be measured, what by an appropriate input after branching 52, the program becomes 43 repeated.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a car 60 with a driver 61 and four speakers 25, 26, 27, 28.
- the distances a, b, c and d are from the driver's head to the individual speakers different sizes. As a result, the aforementioned adverse effects.
- the facility is supported by the runtime adjustment with the help of controllable delay devices 10 to 13 (Fig. 1) of the effective distance for the psycho-acoustic listening impression made the same size for all speakers.
- the Speakers 28 farthest from driver 61 its distance d at. Get the other speakers also a distance of d and are apparently in positions 25 ', 26' and 27 ', which lie on a circle around driver 61.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Stereophonic System (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung,
- Fig. 2
- ein Ablauf-Diagramm zur Erläuterung der Messung der Schall-Laufzeiten und der Schallpegel sowie der anschließenden Einstellung der Verzögerungszeiten und Lautstärke und
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Autos mit vier Lautsprechern und einem Fahrer und mit den durch die Verzögerungszeiten für diese Hörposition entstehenden scheinbaren Lagen der Lautsprecher.
Claims (10)
- Einrichtung zur stereophonen Wiedergabe in einem geschlossenen Raum, vorzugsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit mehreren Lautsprechern und mindestens einem Hörort, der von den Lautsprechern unterschiedlich weit entfernt sein kann, wobei zur Wiedergabe mit Hilfe der einzelnen Lautsprecher (25, 26, 27, 28) vorgesehene Audiosignale Verzögerungseinrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13) durchlaufen, deren Verzögerungszeit einstellbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel (5, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35) zur Messung der Schall-Laufzeiten von den einzelnen Lautsprechern (25, 26, 27, 28) zum Hörort vorgesehen sind und daß die Verzögerungszeiten derart selbsttätig einstellbar sind, daß die Summe der Schall-Laufzeit und der jeweils eingestellten Verzögerungszeit für alle Lautsprecher (25, 26, 27, 28) gleich ist.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ferner Mittel (5, 29, 31, 37) zur Messung der durch die Wiedergabe eines Meßsignals, vorzugsweise eines Rauschsignals, durch die einzelnen Lautsprecher (25, 26, 27, 28) am Hörort bewirkten Schall-Pegel vorgesehen sind und daß die Lautstärke der einzelnen Lautsprecher (25, 26, 27, 28) im Sinne eines Ausgleichs von Pegeldifferenzen selbsttätig voreinstellbar ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die eingestellten Verzögerungszeiten und gegebenenfalls Voreinstellungen der Lautstärke für mehrere Hörorte nicht-flüchtig speicherbar sind.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Information darüber, welche der gespeicherten Verzögerungszeiten und gegebenenfalls der gespeicherten Voreinstellungen der Lautstärke beim Einschalten der Einrichtung den Verzögerungseinrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13) zugeführt werden, ebenfalls nicht-flüchtig speicherbar ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verzögerungseinrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13) von digitalen Speichern gebildet werden, aus denen die jeweils zu verzögernden Audiosignale gegenüber dem Einschreiben zeitverzögert ausgelesen werden.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die digitalen Speicher Teile einer digitalen Audiosignalverarbeitungseinrichtung sind, daß die Einrichtung geeignet ist, nach der Messung der Schall-Laufzeiten (Tx) für alle Lautsprecher daraus die maximale Schall-Laufzeit (Tmax) auszuwählen und die einzelnen Verzögerungszeiten gemäß Tax = (Tmax - Tx) · k zu berechnen, wobei Ta die einzustellende Verzögerungszeit in Abtastzyklen der digitalen Audiosignalverarbeitungseinrichtung, x den jeweiligen Lautsprecher und k das Verhältnis zwischen der Prozessor-Zyklusdauer, in welcher die Schall-Laufzeiten Tx bzw. Tmax gemessen wurden, und der Abtastzyklusdauer bezeichnet.
- Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie geeignet ist, zur Messung der Schall-Laufzeit nacheinander jeweils einem Lautsprecher ein Impulssignal zuzuführen und gleichzeitig einen Zeitmesser (33) zu starten, der die Zeit mißt, bis an einem Meß-Mikrofon (29) der Schall-Pegel einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert überschreitet.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Impulssignal durch einen Rechteckimpuls von mindestens 3 ms Länge realisiert wird.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie geeignet ist, das Impulssignal über ein Tiefpaßfilter (35), vorzugsweise dritter Ordnung mit einer Grenzfrequenz von 11 kHz, dem Lautsprecher (25, 26, 27, 28) zuzuführen.
- Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Audiosignale ferner Frequenzgang-Entzerrerschaltungen durchlaufen, daß Mittel zur Messung des Frequenzgangs zwischen den Lautsprechern und einem Meß-Mikrofon vorgesehen sind und daß die Frequenzgang-Entzerrer nach den Ergebnissen der Messung einstellbar sind, wobei die jeweils eingestellten Frequenzgänge der einzelnen Lautsprecher für verschiedene Hörorte speicherbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4327200 | 1993-08-13 | ||
DE4327200A DE4327200A1 (de) | 1993-08-13 | 1993-08-13 | Einrichtung zur stereophonen Wiedergabe |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0642292A2 EP0642292A2 (de) | 1995-03-08 |
EP0642292A3 EP0642292A3 (de) | 1995-10-25 |
EP0642292B1 true EP0642292B1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
Family
ID=6495097
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94106301A Expired - Lifetime EP0642292B1 (de) | 1993-08-13 | 1994-04-22 | Einrichtung zur stereophonen Wiedergabe |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0642292B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3677059B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4327200A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2160603T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT642292E (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995030323A1 (de) * | 1994-04-30 | 1995-11-09 | Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kompensation akustischer verfälschungen |
JP2000341800A (ja) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-08 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | 車室内音響システム |
JP2002330500A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-15 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | 自動音場補正装置及びそのためのコンピュータプログラム |
JP2004212876A (ja) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-07-29 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | オーディオ装置 |
JP4283645B2 (ja) | 2003-11-19 | 2009-06-24 | パイオニア株式会社 | 信号遅延時間測定装置及びそのためのコンピュータプログラム |
DE10354492A1 (de) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-09 | Volkswagen Ag | Einstelleinrichtung für eine Lautsprecheranlage in einem Fahrzeug sowie entsprechendes Einstellverfahren |
JP2005341384A (ja) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-08 | Sony Corp | 音場補正装置、音場補正方法 |
JP4347153B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-16 | 2009-10-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 音響特性調整装置 |
DE102005008369A1 (de) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-09-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Simulieren eines Wellenfeldsynthese-Systems |
JP4507951B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2010-07-21 | ヤマハ株式会社 | オーディオ装置 |
JP4928967B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-02 | 2012-05-09 | パイオニア株式会社 | 音響装置、その方法、そのプログラム及びその記録媒体 |
JP4518142B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-25 | 2010-08-04 | ソニー株式会社 | 音場補正装置、音場補正方法 |
US20110007905A1 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2011-01-13 | Pioneer Corporation | Acoustic signal processing device and acoustic signal processing method |
JPWO2009107227A1 (ja) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-06-30 | パイオニア株式会社 | 音響信号処理装置及び音響信号処理方法 |
PL2308244T3 (pl) * | 2008-07-28 | 2012-10-31 | Gibson Innovations Belgium Nv | System akustyczny i sposób jego działania |
JP5304923B1 (ja) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-10-02 | オンキヨー株式会社 | 音声処理装置 |
DE102017209654A1 (de) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Schallausgabevorrichtung, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Schallausgabevorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5645360B2 (de) * | 1973-12-27 | 1981-10-26 | ||
DE3415646A1 (de) * | 1984-04-27 | 1985-10-31 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Fernbedienbare anordnung zur einstellung der balance im tonuebertragungsteil einer anordnung zur wiedergabe eines stereophonen tonereignisses |
US5109415A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1992-04-28 | Nec Corporation | Audio signal processing system performing balance control in both amplitude and phase of audio signal |
JP2708105B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-26 | 1998-02-04 | 富士通テン 株式会社 | 車載用音響再生装置 |
DE4125893A1 (de) * | 1990-08-03 | 1992-03-12 | Koenig Florian | Aufbereitung der wiedergabeakustik in kraftfahrzeuginnenraeumen |
DE4105304A1 (de) | 1991-02-20 | 1992-08-27 | Nokia Unterhaltungselektronik | Tonwiedergabeanordnung fuer eine tonwiedergabe mit eim raumklangeffekt |
KR930011742B1 (ko) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-12-18 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 청취공간 상태에 따른 재생 음성신호의 주파수 특성 보정장치 |
DE4302725A1 (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1993-06-24 | Michael Wannke | Balance regulation circuit for multichannel audio amplifier - adjusts ratio between loudspeaker volumes in dependence on relative position of listener to each loudspeaker |
-
1993
- 1993-08-13 DE DE4327200A patent/DE4327200A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1994
- 1994-04-22 DE DE59409802T patent/DE59409802D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-22 EP EP94106301A patent/EP0642292B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-22 PT PT94106301T patent/PT642292E/pt unknown
- 1994-04-22 ES ES94106301T patent/ES2160603T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-12 JP JP19053694A patent/JP3677059B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3677059B2 (ja) | 2005-07-27 |
PT642292E (pt) | 2002-01-30 |
DE59409802D1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
DE4327200A1 (de) | 1995-02-23 |
ES2160603T3 (es) | 2001-11-16 |
JPH0787598A (ja) | 1995-03-31 |
EP0642292A2 (de) | 1995-03-08 |
EP0642292A3 (de) | 1995-10-25 |
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