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EP0529352A1 - Sensor controlled pyrolytic oven - Google Patents

Sensor controlled pyrolytic oven Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0529352A1
EP0529352A1 EP92113230A EP92113230A EP0529352A1 EP 0529352 A1 EP0529352 A1 EP 0529352A1 EP 92113230 A EP92113230 A EP 92113230A EP 92113230 A EP92113230 A EP 92113230A EP 0529352 A1 EP0529352 A1 EP 0529352A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
evaluation unit
muffle
cleaning
pyrolysis
pyrolytic self
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Granted
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EP92113230A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0529352B1 (en
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Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Has
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24CDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C14/00Stoves or ranges having self-cleaning provisions, e.g. continuous catalytic cleaning or electrostatic cleaning
    • F24C14/02Stoves or ranges having self-cleaning provisions, e.g. continuous catalytic cleaning or electrostatic cleaning pyrolytic type
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S706/00Data processing: artificial intelligence
    • Y10S706/90Fuzzy logic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning
  • the muffle can be operated by a heating element arranged in at least one wall area and possibly with additional circulating air heating, the muffle being ventilated by a circulating air blower and equipped with means for pyrolytic self-cleaning.
  • the muffle walls are heated to a temperature of 480 to 500 ° C during the passage of a predetermined time-temperature profile and kept at a high temperature for a certain time, this time corresponds to an empirical value and does not reflect the actual conditions of the muffle contamination.
  • the relatively long-chain molecules of the dirt adhering to the walls of the muffle are subjected to a thermal cracking process as a result of the long-lasting heating to over 450 ° C. and are thus converted into relatively short-chain degradation products, for example water, short hydrocarbons, aromatics and ash residues.
  • the gaseous degradation products are removed from the stove with the ventilation during self-cleaning. After self-cleaning, the remaining residues can simply be removed from the stove as ash.
  • the stove is locked to prevent accidents and is only released for use once the temperature drops below a specified threshold.
  • the object of the invention is now to carry out the pyrolytic self-cleaning operation as a function of the real contamination rate.
  • the solution to this problem according to the invention is characterized in that a gas sensor connected to an evaluation unit for pyrolytic self-cleaning is arranged in the exhaust air path of the muffle, that the evaluation unit analyzes the sensor signals with a logic system adapted to the pyrolysis operation and that the evaluation unit from the sensor signals after a typical pyrolysis Operating time determines a pollution-related pyrolysis minimum temperature and an optimized total pyrolysis cooking time.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the evaluation unit, which is partially equipped with an unsharp logic system, predetermines the total pyrolysis time required depending on the degree of contamination, is corrected in relation to the sensor signal, and switches off the heating elements after these times have elapsed. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are presented in the subclaims.
  • 1 and 2 show diagrams which, in parametric assignment, represent various contamination values with the associated sensor signal profiles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an oven having pyrolytic self-cleaning, whose muffle can be driven by a heating element arranged in at least one wall region and possibly having additional recirculted air heating, it being the case that the muffle can be ventilated by means of a recirculating air fan and is equipped with means for pyrolytic self-cleaning, and is characterised in that a gas sensor connected to an evaluation unit for pyrolytic self-cleaning is arranged in the exhaust air path of the muffle, in that the evaluation unit analyses the sensor signals by means of a logic system matched to the pyrolytic operation, and in that the evaluation unit uses the sensor signals after a typical pyrolysis operating time to determine a minimum pyrolysis temperature which is a function of the type of contamination, and an optimised total pyrolysis time. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Herd mit pyrolytischer Selbstreinigung, dessen Muffel durch ein in wenigstens einem Wandbereich angeordnetem Heizelement und ggf. mit zusätzlicher Umluftheizung betreibbar ist, wobei die Muffel durch ein Umluftgebläse belüftbar und mit Mitteln zur pyrolytischen Selbstreinigung ausgerüstet ist.The invention relates to a stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning, the muffle can be operated by a heating element arranged in at least one wall area and possibly with additional circulating air heating, the muffle being ventilated by a circulating air blower and equipped with means for pyrolytic self-cleaning.

Beim Braten, Garen und Backen werden die Innenseiten einer Herdmuffel in unterschiedlicher Weise verschmutzt. Diese Verschmutzung besteht im wesentlichen aus drei Komponenten: "Fettspritzer tierischer und pflanzlicher Art", "anklebende Gargutreste an den Muffelwänden" und "Kondensation von Wrasenbestandteilen an den Muffelwänden".When roasting, cooking and baking, the inside of a muffle is soiled in different ways. This contamination essentially consists of three components: "fat splashes of animal and vegetable type", "sticky cooking residue on the muffle walls" and "condensation of vapors on the muffle walls".

Bei der konventionellen pyrolytischen Selbstreinigung von Herden, wie sie bisher betrieben wurde, werden die Muffelwände beim Durchlauf eines vorgegebenen Zeit-Temperatur-Profils auf eine Temperatur von 480 bis 500°C aufgeheizt und für gewisse Zeit auf hoher Temperatur gehalten, wobei diese Zeit einem Erfahrungswert entspricht und nicht die tatsächlichen Verhältnisse der Muffelverschmutzung wiedergibt. Die relativ langkettigen Moleküle der an den Wänden der Muffel haftenden Verschmutzungen werden durch die lang andauernde Erhitzung auf über 450°C einem thermischen Crack-Verfahren unterworfen und so zu relativ kurzkettigen Abbauprodukten, beispielsweise Wasser, kurze Kohlenwasserstoffe, Aromate und zu Ascherückständen umgesetzt. Die gasförmigen Abbauprodukte werden während der Selbstreinigung mit der Entlüftung aus dem Herd geführt. Nach der Selbstreinigung können die verbleibenden Rückstände als Asche einfach aus dem Herd genommen werden. Während der pyrolytischen Selbstreinigung wird der Herd zur Vermeidung von Unfällen verriegelt und erst nach dem Unterschreiten einer vorgegebenen Temperaturschwelle wieder für die Benutzung freigegeben.In the conventional pyrolytic self-cleaning of cookers, as has been used up to now, the muffle walls are heated to a temperature of 480 to 500 ° C during the passage of a predetermined time-temperature profile and kept at a high temperature for a certain time, this time corresponds to an empirical value and does not reflect the actual conditions of the muffle contamination. The relatively long-chain molecules of the dirt adhering to the walls of the muffle are subjected to a thermal cracking process as a result of the long-lasting heating to over 450 ° C. and are thus converted into relatively short-chain degradation products, for example water, short hydrocarbons, aromatics and ash residues. The gaseous degradation products are removed from the stove with the ventilation during self-cleaning. After self-cleaning, the remaining residues can simply be removed from the stove as ash. During the pyrolytic self-cleaning process, the stove is locked to prevent accidents and is only released for use once the temperature drops below a specified threshold.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nunmehr darin, den pyrolytischen Selbstreinigungsbetrieb in Abhängigkeit von der realen Verschmutzungsrate durchzuführen.The object of the invention is now to carry out the pyrolytic self-cleaning operation as a function of the real contamination rate.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mit einer Auswerteeinheit für pyrolytische Selbstreinigung verbundener Gassensor im Abluftweg der Muffel angeordnet ist, daß die Auswerteeinheit die Sensorsignale mit einem auf den Pyrolysebetrieb angepaßten Logiksystem analysiert und daß die Auswerteeinheit aus den Sensorsignalen nach einer typischen Pyrolyse-Betriebszeit eine verschmutzungsartbedingte Pyrolyse-Mindesttemperatur und eine optimierte Pyrolyse-Gesamtgarzeit bestimmt.The solution to this problem according to the invention is characterized in that a gas sensor connected to an evaluation unit for pyrolytic self-cleaning is arranged in the exhaust air path of the muffle, that the evaluation unit analyzes the sensor signals with a logic system adapted to the pyrolysis operation and that the evaluation unit from the sensor signals after a typical pyrolysis Operating time determines a pollution-related pyrolysis minimum temperature and an optimized total pyrolysis cooking time.

Eine weitere, vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die teilweise mit einem unscharfen Logiksystem ausgestattete Auswerteeinheit in Abhängigkeit vom Verschmutzungsgrad die notwendige Pyrolyse-Gesamtzeit vorbestimmt, sensorsignalbezogen nachkorrigiert und nach Ablauf dieser Zeiten die Heizelemente abschaltet. Weitere, vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen dargestellt.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the evaluation unit, which is partially equipped with an unsharp logic system, predetermines the total pyrolysis time required depending on the degree of contamination, is corrected in relation to the sensor signal, and switches off the heating elements after these times have elapsed. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are presented in the subclaims.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung ist im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Sensor-Signalverlauf während der Pyrolysezeit bei verschiedenen Verschmutzungen
Fig. 2
Sensorsignale während des Anstieges der Pyrolysetemperatur bei verschiedenen Verschmutzungen.
An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1
a sensor signal curve during the pyrolysis time with various contaminants
Fig. 2
Sensor signals during the rise in the pyrolysis temperature with various contaminants.

Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 stellen Diagramme dar, die in parametrischer Zuordnung verschiedene Verschmutzungswerte mit den dazugehörigen Sensor-Signalverläufen wiedergeben.1 and 2 show diagrams which, in parametric assignment, represent various contamination values with the associated sensor signal profiles.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist eine Kurvenschar erkennbar, die mit verschiedenen Verschmutzungsraten als Parameter den Verlauf des Sensorsignals über die Pyrolysezeit darstellt. Dabei können diese Kurven nur qualitative Aussagekraft besitzen, weil sich ständig ändernde Bedingungen beispielsweise Netz-Spannungsschwankungen, andere Garraum-Verschmutzungsarten, Garraumgröße, Beheizungsart des Garraums usw. auf quantitative Kurvenverläufe erheblich auswirken können. Für den gesteuerten Pyrolysebetrieb ist es daher unbedingt erforderlich, daß eine mit unscharfer Logik ausgerüstete Auswerteeinheit durch die ständige Abfrage der Sensorsignale die jeweils erforderlichen Regelschritte einleitet. Aus Fig. 1 ist dennoch entnehmbar, daß gleiche Verschmutzungstypen nach einer bestimmten Pyrolysedauer ihre Maxima fast gleichzeitig erreichen. Man kann davon ausgehen, daß mit Erreichen der notwendigen Pyrolyse-Temperatur, d.h. der Temperatur, die dem Verschmutzungsgrad entsprechend ausreichende Crackkraft besitzt, keine längeren Aufheizzeiten als eine Stunde erforderlich sein werden. Das ist einmal davon abhängig, in welchem Maße die Verschmutzung komplizierte Zusammensetzungen bezüglich tierischer und pflanzlicher Fette, klebender Gargutreste und komplizierte Kondensationsprodukte von Wrasenbestandteilen vorhanden sind und von welcher Ausgangstemperatur her die Pyrolyse gestartet wird.1, a family of curves can be seen which, with different contamination rates as parameters, represents the course of the sensor signal over the pyrolysis time. These curves can only be qualitative, because constantly changing conditions such as mains voltage fluctuations, other types of cooking space contamination, size of the cooking space, type of heating of the cooking space, etc. can have a significant impact on quantitative curves. For the controlled pyrolysis operation, it is therefore absolutely necessary that an evaluation unit equipped with fuzzy logic be replaced by the permanent one Query of the sensor signals initiates the required control steps. From Fig. 1 it can still be seen that the same types of pollution reach their maxima almost simultaneously after a certain pyrolysis time. It can be assumed that once the necessary pyrolysis temperature has been reached, ie the temperature which has a sufficient cracking power in accordance with the degree of contamination, no heating-up times longer than one hour will be required. This depends on the extent to which the contamination of complicated compositions with regard to animal and vegetable fats, sticky cooking product residues and complicated condensation products of vapor components is present and from which starting temperature the pyrolysis is started.

Es ist natürlich auch möglich, daß für einen pyrolytischen Selbstreinigungsvorgang mehrere Kurven mit unterschiedlichen Maxima durchfahren werden müssen, bis eine eindeutige, der Pyrolysedauer entsprechende, sich gegen asymptotisch Null nähernde Sensorsignalentwicklung erkennbar ist. Es ist daher notwendig, daß die Auswerteeinheit die Sensorsignale mit einem auf den Pyrolysebetrieb angepaßtem Logiksystem, das zweckmäßigerweise eine Kombination aus scharfer und unscharfer Logik sein wird, analysiert und daß die Auswerteeinheit aus den Sensorsignalen nach einer typischen Pyrolyse-Betriebszeit eine Pyrolyse-Mindesttemperatur bestimmt.It is of course also possible that for a pyrolytic self-cleaning process, several curves with different maxima must be traversed until a clear sensor signal development corresponding to the pyrolysis duration and approaching asymptotically zero can be recognized. It is therefore necessary for the evaluation unit to analyze the sensor signals with a logic system adapted to the pyrolysis operation, which will expediently be a combination of sharp and unsharp logic, and for the evaluation unit to determine a minimum pyrolysis temperature from the sensor signals after a typical pyrolysis operating time.

Die Sensorsignale, bezogen auf den Temperaturverlauf, sind gemäß Fig. 2 dargestellt. Es ist ersichtlich, daß die Maxima der Sensorsignale bei Temperaturen auftreten, die für die entsprechende Garraumverschmutzung typische Reinigungstemperaturen sind. Im allgemeinen werden Temperaturen der pyrolytischen Selbsstreinigung oberhalb 470° notwendig sein. Aus den Kurvenscharen gemäß Fig. 2 ist aber immerhin erkennbar, daß nicht jede Verschmutzung diese Temperatur erfordert. Diesbezüglich gilt auch, das unter Fig. 1 Gesagte, daß eine unscharfe Logik für die Auswerteeinheit vorteilhaft ist, um eine optimale Pyrolysetemperatur, bezogen auf die jeweilige Verschmutzung im Garraum, zu ermitteln. Durch die Verwendung zweckmäßiger Sensortechnik im Abluftkanal der Herdmuffel können Aussagen zu folgenden Punkten, die Pyrolyse betreffend, gemacht werden.

  • Höhe der notwendigen Pyrolyse-Temperatur,
  • Angabe zur notwendigen Pyrolysedauer,
  • Vorgaben für Be- und Entlüftung der Ofenmuffel,
  • Angaben zur Menge und Geschwindigkeit der Umluft,
  • mögliche Erkennung von zufällig im Brat- und Backrohr vorhandenen Fremdgegenständen.
The sensor signals, based on the temperature profile, are shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen that the maxima of the sensor signals occur at temperatures which are typical cleaning temperatures for the corresponding cooking chamber contamination. In general, temperatures of pyrolytic self-cleaning above 470 ° will be necessary. From the family of curves 2, however, it can be seen that not every contamination requires this temperature. In this regard, what has been said under FIG. 1 also applies that unsharp logic is advantageous for the evaluation unit in order to determine an optimal pyrolysis temperature, based on the respective contamination in the cooking space. By using appropriate sensor technology in the exhaust duct of the muffle, statements can be made on the following points regarding pyrolysis.
  • Level of the necessary pyrolysis temperature,
  • Information on the necessary pyrolysis time,
  • Specifications for ventilation of the furnace muffle,
  • Information on the quantity and speed of the circulating air,
  • Possible detection of foreign objects accidentally present in the roasting and baking oven.

Gegenüber den bisherigen Verfahrensweisen bei pyrolytischer Selbstreinigung, die darin bestanden, daß ein starres Zeit-Temperaturprofil durchfahren wurde, d.h. der Herd wurde eine bestimmte empirisch ermittelte Zeit lang mit hoher Temperatur betrieben, ergibt die sensorgesteuerte Pyrolyse folgende Vorteile:

  • Der Energieverbrauch wird stark verringert, da die vorhandene Verschmutzung nur sehr selten den Maximalwert erreicht, für den das Zeit-Temperatur-Profil früher ausgelegt war.
  • Der Herd wird weit weniger belastet, dadurch vergrößert sich die Lebensdauer der Email der Muffel.
  • Die Brandgefahr im Fall von Bedienungsfehlern wird verringert, da die Sensorik Fehlbeschickung im Garraum analysiert.
  • Ggf. kann die Geruchsentwicklung minimierbar gestaltet sein.
Compared to the previous procedures for pyrolytic self-cleaning, which consisted in a rigid time-temperature profile being run through, ie the stove was operated at a high temperature for a certain empirically determined time, sensor-controlled pyrolysis has the following advantages:
  • Energy consumption is greatly reduced since the existing pollution very rarely reaches the maximum value for which the time-temperature profile was previously designed.
  • The stove is stressed far less, which increases the lifespan of the enamel of the muffle.
  • The risk of fire in the event of operating errors is reduced because the sensors analyze incorrect loading in the cooking space.
  • Possibly. the development of odors can be minimized.

Diese Erkennungsmöglichkeiten und Vorteile der sensorgesteuerten Pyrolyse, verbunden mit einer Auswerteeinheit, die scharfe und unscharfe Logik problemorientiert einsetzt, geben den damit ausgerüsteten Herden einen zweckentsprechenden Komfort.These detection options and the advantages of sensor-controlled pyrolysis, combined with an evaluation unit that uses sharp and unsharp logic in a problem-oriented manner, give the stoves equipped with them an appropriate level of comfort.

Claims (5)

Herd mit pyrolytischer Selbstreinigung, dessen Muffel durch ein in wenigstens einem Wandbereich angeordnetes Heizelement und ggf. mit zusätzlicher Umluftheizung betreibbar ist, wobei die Muffel durch ein Umluftgebläse belüftbar und mit Mitteln zur pyrolytischen Selbstreinigung ausgerüstet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mit einer Auswerteeinheit für pyrolytische Selbstreingung verbundener Gassensor im Abluftweg der Muffel angeordnet ist, daß die Auswerteeinheit die Sensorsignale mit einem auf den Pyrolysebetrieb angepaßten Logiksystem analysiert und daß die Auswerteeinheit aus den Sensorsignalen nach einer typischen Pyrolyse-Betriebszeit eine verschmutzungsartbedingte Pyrolyse-Mindesttemperatur und eine optimierte Pyrolyse-Gesamtzeit bestimmt.Stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning, the muffle of which can be operated by a heating element arranged in at least one wall area and possibly with additional circulating air heating, the muffle being ventilated by a circulating air blower and equipped with means for pyrolytic self-cleaning, characterized in that one with an evaluation unit for pyrolytic Self-cleaning connected gas sensor is arranged in the exhaust air path of the muffle, that the evaluation unit analyzes the sensor signals with a logic system adapted to the pyrolysis operation and that the evaluation unit determines a pyrolysis minimum temperature and an optimized total pyrolysis time from the sensor signals after a typical pyrolysis operating time. Herd mit pyrolytischer Selbstreinigung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gassensor auf kurzkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe und Wasserstoffmoleküle mit einer auswertbaren elektrischen Widerstandsänderung reagiert.Stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas sensor reacts to short-chain hydrocarbons and hydrogen molecules with an evaluable electrical resistance change. Herd mit pyrolytischer Selbstreinigung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die teilweise mit einem unscharfen Logiksystem ausgestattete Auswerteeinheit in Abhängigkeit vom Verschmutzungsgrad die notwendige Pyrolyse-Gesamtzeit vorbestimmt, sensorsignalbezogen nachkorrigiert und nach Ablauf dieser Zeiten die Heizelemente abschaltet.Stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation unit, which is partially equipped with an unsharp logic system, predetermines the total pyrolysis time required depending on the degree of contamination, is corrected in relation to the sensor signal, and switches off the heating elements after these times. Herd mit pyrolytischer Selbstreinigung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auswerteeinheit nach Abschalten der Heizleistung die Belüftung der Muffel beendet.Stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the evaluation unit ends the ventilation of the muffle after switching off the heating power. Herd mit pyrolytischer Selbstreinigung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auswerteeinheit für höher zu erwartende Spitzentemperaturen der Muffel als 470°C die Sensorsignal-Abfragefrequenz erhöht bevor eine Temperaturerhöhung über 470°C erfolgt.Stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning according to Claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the evaluation unit for peak temperatures of the muffle to be expected higher than 470 ° C increases the sensor signal query frequency before a temperature increase of over 470 ° C takes place.
EP92113230A 1991-08-19 1992-08-03 Sensor controlled pyrolytic oven Expired - Lifetime EP0529352B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4127389A DE4127389A1 (en) 1991-08-19 1991-08-19 COOKER WITH SENSOR CONTROLLED PYROLYSIS
DE4127389 1991-08-19

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EP0529352A1 true EP0529352A1 (en) 1993-03-03
EP0529352B1 EP0529352B1 (en) 1997-07-16

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US (1) US5286943A (en)
EP (1) EP0529352B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE155569T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4127389A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2106802T3 (en)

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EP0632232A1 (en) * 1993-07-01 1995-01-04 Bosch-Siemens HausgerÀ¤te GmbH Stove having a pyrolytic self-cleaning provision
EP1953457A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-08-06 Rational AG Method for cleaning a food handling device, in particular with a specified level of cleanliness and food handling device for this purpose
EP3872403A1 (en) * 2020-02-27 2021-09-01 Miele & Cie. KG Method for the determination of a cleaning cycle duration

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CN114303108A (en) 2019-09-27 2022-04-08 埃科莱布美国股份有限公司 Verification of addition of cleaning chemicals in a self-cleaning oven
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Also Published As

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US5286943A (en) 1994-02-15
DE59208704D1 (en) 1997-08-21
ATE155569T1 (en) 1997-08-15
ES2106802T3 (en) 1997-11-16
EP0529352B1 (en) 1997-07-16
DE4127389A1 (en) 1993-02-25

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