EP0510225B1 - Method and means for decoration - Google Patents

Abstract

For coating planar substrates, for example the interior or exterior surfaces of buildings, a substrate (10), which is as flat as possible, is coated with an adhesive layer (12) which supports a planar carrier (16). According to the invention, this is a thin, flat material having in its depth dimension a zone of which the material strength is less than the adhesive strength with respect to the substrate. It is preferred to use a porous, impregnated long-fibre paper, having a thickness in the range of 0.30 to 3.00 mm, especially 0.50 to 0.80 mm, and having a basis weight not below 130 g/m<2>, particularly of bleached cellulose fibres having a length of 2 to 5 mm and a fibre thickness of 10 to 50 mu m. A capillary width in the range of 50 to 150 mu m is also favourable for impregnation with acrylate resin and/or a fungicide. The adhesive layer is a high-viscosity, humidity-insensitive adhesive, for example a pasty, rollable dispersion adhesive made of polyvinyl acetate or acrylate. The carrier (16) adhering to the substrate can simultaneously be an insulating material and can be externally coated, for example with a coat of paint or plaster (22). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and to the use of means required therefor.

The interior and exterior surfaces of buildings are treated in a variety of ways. It is common e.g. plastering with a grated, decorative, roller or structural plaster. For the interior design one often uses wallpapers made of paper, fabric, jute and the like. exist and can wear textile or textile-like coatings, also made of structured plastics.

It is common to all these coverings or coatings that they are firmly connected to the substrate. The change is useful and desirable as long as the surface is usable or acceptable; if it should or must be changed, however, the liability on the surface can be very disruptive. Mechanical removal, for example by scraping, scratching or grinding, is sometimes incomplete, so that residues remain. Damage to the surface can often not be avoided. Removing not only requires greater forces, it also often causes a lot of dust. The necessary work is complex and in no way environmentally friendly.

Applying a solvent or paint remover to the coating often requires mechanical reworking. Uncomfortable or even Vapors or vapors that are inhaled while working are harmful to health. Another disadvantage is that the agents used often do not penetrate to the surface, except when extremely large quantities are used and after a long period of exposure. This applies especially to hardened structures, insoluble coatings and embedding insoluble materials such as glass fabric. In addition to high costs, special disposal problems can arise.

As far as the existing coating allows, it can be filled or covered, but the removal is only postponed and later usually not only more difficult, but considerably more expensive. This is particularly noticeable if, based on newer knowledge, a coating originally considered harmless must be removed because of its harmfulness.

A wall covering consisting of a complex is described in FR-A-2 133 151. It is made up of two sheets of paper joined together by a polyethylene film, one made of easy-to-stick, inert paper with little mechanical resistance and the other of better quality and decorated to form the visible outside of the wall covering. The complex is manufactured in several process steps (extrusion, calendering), whereby the polyethylene is a kind of adhesive that is located between the two sheets of paper and consequently forms a water and air impermeable barrier layer. The paste to be used to attach the wall cladding can therefore only be used to a limited extent, because when it dries, the water vapor located under the polyethylene support strives into the seam areas and prevents the wall cladding from adhering to the substrate there. Gluing all the edges is unavoidable and usually very time-consuming. Since the polyethylene layer also forms a vapor barrier, the air moisture contained in the room air can no longer diffuse into the walls. Mold often forms and the wall cladding comes off. The living climate is significantly affected. Problems also arise with the disposal of the wall covering detached from a wall, since the paper connected with a polyethylene layer cannot be easily recycled or disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. It is also not possible to use the wall cladding outdoors for the reasons mentioned.

There is therefore a need for remedial action. The object of the invention is in particular to create with little effort possibilities for applying flat decorations in such a way that they can be removed and disposed of in a simple manner. Even heavy coatings or coverings should be securely attachable, but still be removed in an environmentally friendly manner if necessary, especially without any health risk. Furthermore, the invention aims at the reusability of at least part of the novel coating and the reusability of the given substrate.

Main features of the invention are set out in the characterizing part of claim 1. Refinements are the subject of claims 2 to 10.

The invention provides for a method for coating flat substrates, in particular for applying decorations to inside or outside surfaces of buildings, whereby a flat, thin substrate, which can have or receive a desired pattern or color, is attached to a substrate that a porous, impregnated, waterproof long-fiber paper is used as the backing, with neither the wall-side nor the outer adhesive layer penetrating into the central zone of the paper thickness, which thus remains free of adhesives, and the paper having a zone in its depth dimension, whose material strength is less than the adhesive strength on the substrate. The central zone, for example in the center of the carrier material, is an integral part of the carrier, but is also suitable for later separation from the base layer adhering to the substrate. The removed outer part can be discarded or even - at least partially - reused, for example when laying cables, pipes and the like. can be very beneficial. All that remains on the wall or ceiling is a thin base layer, held in place by the adhesive, which can be provided with a new covering. Due to the air-permeable carrier layer made of natural material, adhesives can dry quickly and well, so that an optimal connection is created even in the seam areas. In addition to weakly bonded adhesives, mineral adhesives with a very high water content can also be used, which is a great advantage for later removal of the remaining layers on the substrate after the splitting process without chemical aids. Due to the impregnation, the application of slowly drying, moist coverings is just as easy as that Use of the carrier in damp rooms and outdoors; mold formation is effectively prevented.

Further advantages are based on the fact that pretreatment of the substrate is no longer necessary, since the condition of the substrate can be very rough. Old rubbing plasters, holes or cracks, for example, can be reworked directly with high-filling filler adhesive. In this way, a fissile, level surface is created in just one work step. Even larger cracks are permanently bridged safely.

In the claims 2 to 5 essential dimensions and preferred ranges for the relevant paper parameters are given. According to claim 2, paper with a thickness in the range from 0.30 to 3.00 mm, preferably from 0.50 to 0.80 mm, is used to carry out the method. Such paper thicknesses have proven themselves in practical use. Preferably, according to claim 3, paper with a basis weight of not less than 130 g / m² is used, since specifically lighter paper has an overall too low strength.

According to claim 4, paper made from bleached cullulose fibers is used, the length of which is in the range from 1 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, and the fiber thickness is in the range from 5 to 100 »m, and particularly good test results have been achieved with such paper.

The use of paper with a capillary width in the range from 50 to 150 »m is favorable, so that there is sufficient porosity for impregnation and for connection to an inner and / or outer adhesive layer. Water-proof filter paper or filter fleece is particularly suitable.

According to claim 6, paper impregnated with acrylic resin and / or a fungicide can be used in order to achieve optimum properties with regard to durability.

According to claim 7, the adhesive layer can be formed from a highly viscous, moisture-insensitive adhesive in order to ensure the durability of the connection. Specifically, according to claim 8, a pasty, rollable dispersion adhesive can be used as the adhesive, for example. made of polyvinyl acetate or acrylate. Such an adhesive can be conveniently applied with the usual methods and aids and ensures the attachment of the carrier to the substrate. If this fastening is reliably ventilated or hardened, the support adhering to the substrate can be coated on the outside, for example with a coat of paint, plaster or other covering, which is applied to a primer or from an outer adhesive layer connected to the support without tension is held.

According to claim 10, the carrier can also be an insulating or insulating material, so that the decoration applied counteracts heat or sound transmission in a desired manner. With a suitable choice of materials and dimensioning, it is in your hand to produce the desired insulation properties.

Fig. 1

eine schematisierte, vergrößerte Schnittansicht durch eine erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung und

Fig. 2

eine ebensolche Schnittansicht nach Auftrennung in einem Mittelbereich.

The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In it show:

Fig. 1

a schematic, enlarged sectional view through a coating according to the invention and

Fig. 2

a similar sectional view after separation in a central region.

In the drawing is a - as flat as possible - underground, e.g. a room wall or ceiling, generally designated 10. An adhesive layer 12 is applied to them with a pasty, rollable dispersion adhesive, which holds a long-fiber, preferably impregnated paper 16 as a carrier. The adhesive can partially penetrate into the underside or inside 14 of the paper 16, as is indicated. The paper thickness in the range from 0.30 to 3.00 mm and the specific weight per unit area of at least 130 g / m 2 are dimensioned such that an adhesive-free area is present in the depth dimension of the carrier 16.

A primer or adhesive layer 20 can be attached to the upper or outer side 18 of the carrier 16 in order to fasten a plaster or structure 22. Here, too, the pairing of paper 16 and adhesive 20 is selected and dimensioned such that the adhesive is probably in the paper pores penetrates, but not to the inner area of the paper thickness.

The structure described has the effect that the carrier 16 can be split at any time in order to remove the coating 22 together with the adhesive layer 20 and paper top 18. Fig. 2 shows the split state. It can be seen that the underside of paper 14 together with the adhesive layer 12 remains on the substrate 10. This base layer can be provided with a new covering as long as it is not necessary or desirable to re-install the original covering after certain assembly work has been carried out. The new coating can be done using conventional adhesive technology.

The method according to the invention enables a large number of variations. In practice, the procedure is such that the substrate 10 is professionally prepared as if it should be glued or cleaned directly thereon. So you can repair any bumps and prime the entire surface to get an even absorbency.

The adhesive layer 12 is applied to the substrate 10 prepared in this way. It is advisable to use a dispersion adhesive, for example made of polyvinyl acetate or acrylate, which is rolled up undiluted and evenly. Adhesives with a high viscosity in the range from 2 to 10 Pa · s are particularly suitable. It is important that the adhesive is insensitive to the effects of moisture in order to ensure optimal adhesive strength and to prevent mold growth. If low-water, fast-drying adhesives with high initial adhesion are used, the underside 14 of the paper 16 can be pressed directly into the wet adhesive bed. Processing at room temperatures of at least 16 ° C can be carried out without problems, although such low temperatures are not very favorable. There are no bubbles or shrinkage, especially not at higher room temperatures, which greatly promote drying.

It is preferred to use a paper made from bleached cellulose fibers with a fiber length of 2 to 5 mm and a fiber thickness of 10 to 50 »m. The paper thickness should be at least 0.20 mm to ensure sufficient strength. On the other hand, a pore size of 50 to 150 »m is preferred in order to enable a permanent connection with the adhesive layers 12, 20. Water-proof filter paper or filter fleece is ideally suited. In a paint, the particle size of a filler, e.g. Quartz, at least 100 »m, so that the paint adheres well to the surface 18 of the paper 16, but does not penetrate into the middle zone mentioned.

An acrylic resin binder, as it is often contained in the colors used for subsequent painting, is very advantageous. Both in terms of adhesion and of the other properties, this results in a particularly good connection with the primer or adhesive layer 20, which can be applied to the paper 16 after the adhesive layer 12 has been adequately vented or hardened. If this order 20 is extremely low in water, there is a sufficiently high adhesive strength to cover even very heavy coverings such as plaster, tiles or the like. reliable to wear. Impregnation of the carrier 16 with acrylic resin provides the necessary water resistance, which ensures the cohesion of the paper 16 even when it is exposed to moisture for a long time due to a thicker plaster layer 22.

The paper 16 can be equipped with a fungicide to prevent mold. For special cases, it is also possible to provide the material with a flame-retardant finish. The vapor diffusion is not affected by such additives.

It can be seen that for coating flat surfaces, for example the inner or outer surfaces of buildings, an adhesive layer 12 is applied to a surface 10 that is as flat as possible, which according to the invention holds a flat carrier 16, namely a thin flat material that has a zone in its depth dimension whose material strength is less than the adhesive strength on the ground. It is preferred to use a porous, impregnated long fiber paper with a thickness in the range from 0.30 to 3.00 mm, in particular 0.50 to 0.80 mm, and with a weight per unit area not less than 130 g / m², especially made from bleached cellulose fibers with a length of 2 to 5 mm and a fiber thickness of 10 to 50 »m. A capillary width in the range of 50 to 150 »m is favorable, also for impregnation with acrylic resin and / or a fungicide. A highly viscous, moisture-insensitive adhesive serves as an adhesive layer, for example a pasty, rollable dispersion adhesive made of polyvinyl acetate or acrylate. The carrier 16 adhering to the substrate can also be an insulating or insulating material and can be coated on the outside, for example with a paint or plaster 22.

Legend P 600

10th

Underground

12th

Adhesive layer

14

Bottom / inside

16

Carrier / paper

18th

Top / outside

20th

Primer / adhesive layer

22

Plaster (construction)

Claims (10)

1. A method of coating two-dimensional substrates, in particular for applying decorations onto inner or outer surfaces of buildings, wherein a two-dimensional thin carrier (16) which may comprise or obtain a desired pattern or colorations is applied to a substrate (10) by means of an adhesive layer (12),
   characterized in that a porous, impregnated, waterproof long-fiber paper is used as said carrier (16), wherein neither the adhesive layer at the wall side nor the outer adhesive layer penetrates down into the center zone of the paper thickness, which thus remains free of adhesives, and said paper (16) in its depth comprises a zone whose material strength is smaller than the adhesive strength on said substrate (10).
2. The method according to claim 1,
   characterized in that paper with a thickness ranging from 0.30 to 3.00 mm, preferably from 0.50 to 0.80 mm, is used.
3. The method according to claim 2 or 3,
   characterized in that paper is used with a basis weight of not less than 130 g/m².
4. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3,
   characterized in that paper is used consisting of bleached cellulose fibers whose length is in the range of from 1 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, and whose fiber thickness is in the range of from 5 to 100 »m, preferably 10 to 50 »m.
5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
   characterized in that paper is used with a capillary width in the range of from 50 to 150 »m.
6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
   characterized in that use is made of a paper impregnated with acrylate resin and/or a fungicide.
7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that said adhesive layer is formed by a very viscous, moisture-insensitive adhesive.
8. The method according to claim 9,
   characterized in that a paste-like, rollable dispersion bond, for instance of polyvinyl acetate or acrylate, is used as said adhesive.
9. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that said carrier adhering to said substrate is coated externally, for instance, with a paint or plaster.
10. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that said carrier is an insulating material at the same time.

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