EP0589794A2 - A composite panel to be used in a cover or a wall for a building - Google Patents

Abstract

In this panel formed from an outer metal sheet (1) and an inner metal sheet (2), enclosing an inner mass (3), for example rigid foam, support surfaces (7, 22) of the upper metal sheet, intended to interact with those of the upper metal sheet of adjacent panels, form, with the plane of the panel, an angle (A) greater than that (B) made by the support surfaces (24, 26) of the lower metal sheet, this arrangement making one edge of a panel form a sort of bead which is held in a groove with a widened base of the widened panel, preferably with elastic interlocking. The flange (wing) (19) which carries one of the support surfaces of the upper metal sheet may also cover the fastening means (12) of the adjacent panel. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a composite panel intended to constitute a roof or a building wall.

Composite panels are used, in particular for roofs or walls of buildings, that is to say panels formed from two metal sheets between which is placed a mass of a material which has, for example, properties d 'thermal insulation, and / or which is capable of improving the rigidity of the assembly. For example, one can use a rigid foam mass, formed on site continuously between two continuous sheets of great length.

For convenience, a "external" sheet will be distinguished, intended in principle to be turned towards the outside of the building, and an "internal" sheet, directed on the opposite side.

Usually, the sheets are formed from very long strips, which have been profiled lengthwise and cut to the desired size. We will designate in the following by "edges" of a panel the sides which are parallel to the length of the profile, and by "ends" the other sides, obtained by cutting.

For good sealing of the roof or wall, formed of such panels, it is advantageously provided that the edges of adjacent panels have complementary profiles, allowing assembly with interlocking. In addition, to limit the importance of the problems due to the joints to be posed when the ends of the panels come in superposition, the metal sheets of the two faces of the panel must not present sharp projections, and must include grooves whose number and depth are as small as possible.

The fixing of such composite panels on a support poses some problems. On the one hand, the fixing means, in the case of nearly flat panels, are difficult to protect from external aggressions, and are of little appreciated aesthetic effect. On the other hand, if these fastening means are not sufficient in number on each side of the junction between adjacent panels, it may appear, under the effect of thermal expansions or, above all, curvatures of the panels resulting from pressure differences on either side of the roof or wall, appreciable games. Even if these clearances do not extend to the dislocation of assembled panels, they are detrimental to sealing.

To limit these drawbacks, there has been proposed in document GB-A-1,595,180, used in the preamble of claim 1, more especially in the version corresponding to FIGS. 4 to 6, a composite panel whose outer sheet has , on one of its edges, a projection, and on the other edge, a wing of calculated shape to come to cap the projection of an adjacent panel.

Outside the wing, the edges of two adjacent panels are perpendicular to the general direction of the panel, that is to say vertical in the figures. The installation of the successive panels is done, quite naturally, in the following way: a first panel, and it is screwed by means of a 158-178 screw which is supported in the salient area. Then, the adjacent panel can be put in place, by moving its wing 152 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the panel, until a small latching projection 154 comes to engage in a corresponding groove. The snap-fastening can be replaced by an auxiliary screw 176 which passes through the end part of the wing to be fixed in the projection.

Each panel is therefore held near a first of its edges by the screw (or screws) 158-178, and towards the second edge, opposite to the first, by means of the wing 152 which is flexible. As a result, pressure variations can displace the second edge of the panel, relative to the first edge of the adjacent panel, resulting in leaks, detrimental aesthetic effects, and noise.

The object of the present invention is to provide a composite panel allowing the construction of roofs or walls where the fastening means are invisible from the outside and where the edges of the adjacent panels are in a fixed position relative to each other. .

• une tôle extérieure et une tôle intérieure, toutes deux planes dans leur ensemble, présentant dans la région de deux bords opposés des profils complémentaires au moins en partie, destinés à permettre un contact étanche entre les bords de deux panneaux adjacents, les deux tôles, comportant, près d'un de leurs bords superposés, chacune une zone de fixation destinée à être traversée par des moyens de fixation,
• une masse interne placée entre les tôles extérieure et intérieure et en contact avec elles, cette masse interne étant limitée par des bords situés dans la région des bords des tôles extérieure et intérieure,
• la tôle extérieure comportant une première surface d'appui, située entre la zone de fixation et le centre de la tôle, cette surface d'appui s'étendant parallèlement au bord et étant dirigée vers le centre de la tôle extérieure en direction de l'intérieur du panneau en faisant un premier angle (A) avec le plan de la tôle extérieure,
• et la tôle extérieure comportant, du côté opposé à la première surface d'appui, une deuxième surface d'appui, parallèle à la première et apte à coopérer avec la première surface d'appui d'un panneau adjacent, cette deuxième surface d'appui étant portée par une aile de ladite tôle qui s'écarte du centre du panneau au-delà du bord de la masse interne, cette aile ayant une forme calculée pour recouvrir les moyens de fixation situés dans la zone de fixation d'un panneau adjacent après le montage du toit ou mur,

To obtain this result, the invention provides a composite panel for the roof or wall of buildings, comprising:

• an outer sheet and an inner sheet, both flat as a whole, having in the region of two opposite edges complementary profiles at least in part, intended to allow a tight contact between the edges of two adjacent panels, the two sheets, comprising , near one of their superimposed edges, each a fixing zone intended to be crossed by fixing means,
• an internal mass placed between and in contact with the external and internal sheets, this internal mass being limited by edges situated in the region of the edges of the external and internal sheets,
• the outer sheet comprising a first bearing surface, situated between the fixing zone and the center of the sheet, this bearing surface extending parallel to the edge and being directed towards the center of the outer sheet in the direction of the inside the panel at a first angle (A) with the plane of the outer sheet,
• and the outer sheet comprising, on the side opposite to the first bearing surface, a second bearing surface, parallel to the first and able to cooperate with the first bearing surface of an adjacent panel, this second surface support being carried by a wing of said sheet which deviates from the center of the panel beyond the edge of the internal mass, this wing having a shape calculated to cover the fixing means located in the fixing zone of an adjacent panel after mounting the roof or wall,

• la tôle intérieure comporte une troisième surface d'appui, située dans la même zone que la première, dirigée vers le centre de la tôle intérieure en s'écartant de l'intérieur du panneau en faisant avec le plan de la tôle intérieure un deuxième angle (B), plus petit que le premier angle (A),
• la tôle intérieure comporte une quatrième surface d'appui parallèle à la troisième surface d'appui, et apte à coopérer avec la troisième surface d'appui d'un panneau adjacent.

this panel having the particularity that:

• the inner sheet has a third bearing surface, located in the same zone as the first, directed towards the center of the inner sheet, moving away from the inside of the panel, making a second angle with the plane of the inner sheet (B), smaller than the first angle (A),
• the inner sheet has a fourth bearing surface parallel to the third bearing surface, and able to cooperate with the third bearing surface of an adjacent panel.

It will be understood that due to the difference between the first and second angles, the thickness of the panel between these two bearing surfaces increases towards the outside, constituting a bead, while the opposite edge of the panel constitutes a reentrant, of complementary shape, which widens inwards between the second and fourth bearing surfaces. Consequently, if the bead is placed in the reentrant, two adjacent panels are linked to each other in the direction perpendicular to the edges. The installation can be do by elastic engagement. In this case, the elasticity necessary for fitting results from the fact that the wing which carries the second bearing surface extends beyond the external mass, and cannot therefore be stiffened by the latter, even if it's very rigid.

When a force tends to move two adjacent panels together for a displacement in their plane, the elasticity of the wing maintains contact between the first and second bearing surfaces, which will only slide the one on the other, maintaining the seal. There is therefore no risk of moisture or other aggressive agents passing towards the fixing means, which are concealed, and towards the opposite side of the panels, usually inside the building.

It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the difference between the first and second angles depends on the geometry of the edges of the sheets and on the rigidity of the latter. Too large a difference makes assembly difficult, while too small a difference entails the risk of separation of the panels under the effect of external constraints. In practical examples, differences between 16 and 30 ° have been found suitable.

It will be noted that with sheets of great rigidity, it is also possible to place the panels by sliding the bead of one of them in the reentrant of the other. This way of doing is obviously much slower and painful as elastic engagement. It can only be conceived if a very high resistance to external constraints is required.

Preferably, the first bearing surface constitutes the flank of a groove in the outer sheet, located between the flat central part and a projecting zone whose apex is roughly in the plane of the vertical part, this zone in protrusion being adjacent, towards the edge of the sheet, to the fixing zone located in withdrawal from the plane of the central part of a distance at least equal to the height, above the fixing zone, of the fixing means which it is intended to employ, and the wing of the external sheet comprises, going from the second bearing surface towards the center of the panel, a surface which extends substantially in the plane of the central part.

Thanks to this arrangement, although the wing covers the fixing means, it does not protrude outwards beyond the plane of the central part of the outer sheet, which facilitates obtaining a good seal during the overlapping of two panels.

Advantageously, the wing of the outer sheet metal is connected to the central part by means of a groove, the flank of which faces the corresponding edge constitutes a stop surface for the edge of an adjacent panel.

In this way, the adjacent panels are supported on each other by the upper sheets, generally more resistant than the internal mass. The abutment surface also contributes to sealing, at least as long as no force acts to separate the adjacent panels.

The fourth bearing surface can, like the second, be carried by a part which extends roughly the edge of the internal mass. However, it is preferred to provide that the fourth bearing surface is carried by a part folded towards the inside of the panel, and the internal mass enters the volume situated between the central part of the internal sheet and said part folded inwards.

Such an arrangement has the advantage of increasing the amount of internal mass in the junction zone, and consequently of limiting the importance of thermal bridges. In addition, it limits the risk of vibratory phenomena which can appear if two adjacent panels are connected together by two elastic wings.

• Figure 1 est une coupe transversale d'un panneau selon l'invention, et
• Figures 2 à 5 sont des vues partielles illustrant les différentes étapes de la mise en place de deux panneaux adjacents.

The invention will now be described in more detail with the aid of a practical example of a panel in accordance with the invention, illustrated with the aid of the figures, among which:

• FIG. 1 is a cross section of a panel according to the invention, and
• Figures 2 to 5 are partial views illustrating the different stages of the establishment of two adjacent panels.

The panel described by way of example is a panel intended to constitute a roof, but which can also be used for a wall covering.

This panel comprises an outer sheet 1, above in the figures, made of sheet steel, an inner sheet 2, also made of sheet steel, and an internal mass 3. This internal mass is made up, for the most part, rigid polyurethane foam, formed in place, and which adheres strongly to the exterior and interior sheets. The internal mass also comprises two protective strips 4 and 5, which extend between the two outer and inner sheets, and which isolate the foam from the atmosphere, so as to prevent access of atmospheric moisture, in particular during the storage of the panels before installation.

The outer sheet 1 is flat in its central part. There is nothing, however, to prevent it from presenting some slightly marked grooves.

In the region of its first edge, located on the right in FIG. 1, the planar central part is connected to a first groove 6, of substantially trapezoidal shape, the flank of which opposite the central part constitutes a first bearing surface 7 , which makes an angle of about 50 ° with the plane of the central part. The groove 7 is connected to a projecting zone 8, roughly flat, and situated substantially in the plane of the central part, or more exactly set back with respect to the latter by a distance roughly equal to the thickness of prison. Towards the junction between the bearing surface 7 and the projecting zone 8, the sheet has a notch 9, intended to create a capillary rupture, that is to say more precisely to interrupt a capillary film of moisture which would form between two adjacent sheets, at the place of their respective bearing surfaces. Beyond the projecting zone 8, the sheet has a second groove 10, with a flat bottom, which constitutes the fixing zone. The depth of this groove may be less than that of the first groove. It suffices that its depth is greater than the height of the head 11 of a fixing screw 12, which passes through the outer sheet, the internal mass, and the inner sheet, to finally be fixed in a support 13.

Beyond the fixing zone 10, the outer sheet 1 has a second projecting zone 14, substantially at the same level as the first projecting zone 8, then a stop surface 15, which appears as the side of a new groove, and which ends with the edge 16 of the sheet, which is in contact with one of the protective strips 4 of the internal mass 3.

The opposite edge of the outer sheet 1 comprises, from the flat central part, a groove 17, the bottom of which is in contact with the corresponding protective strip 5 of the internal mass. The part of the sheet which lies beyond the bottom 18 of the groove 17 constitutes a wing 19, consisting of the side 20 of the groove 17, which constitutes a stop surface intended to cooperate with the stop surface 15 of the opposite edge an adjacent panel, a projecting part 21, which lies in the plane of the central part of the sheet 1, and an oblique part 22, which constitutes the second bearing surface, and which is parallel to the first bearing surface 7, that is to say that it forms an angle A of approximately 50 ° with the plane of the sheet.

The inner sheet 2 has a central part which, in the example described, is not exactly flat, but has a series of parallel grooves 23, shallow: about 4 mm for a total width of the panel of about 1 meter wide. Starting from the central part, the inner sheet first has a fixing zone 23, parallel to the plane of the central part, and slightly recessed with respect thereto. This fixing zone is located at the right of the fixing zone 10 of the outer sheet, and it is crossed, after fixing the panel on the support 13, by the screws 12. Beyond the fixing zone, is the third bearing surface 24, which makes an angle B of about 20 ° with the plane of the central part. In the example chosen, the angle between the bearing surfaces 7 and 24, which is equal to the difference of the angles A and B, is approximately 30 °. It should be noted that the value of these angles depends on a large number of factors, and in particular on the rigidity of the sheets, as already mentioned above.

The bearing surface 24 extends to the edge 25 of the lower sheet, and it bears on the protective strip 4 of the internal mass, in the immediate vicinity of this edge.

If we now consider the opposite edge of the inner sheet, we note that it is folded in on itself towards the inside, by an angle of about 160 °, to constitute the fourth bearing surface 26, which is thus made the same angle B with the plane of the central part, as the third bearing surface. The radius of curvature in the region of folding at 160 ° is relatively large, for the reasons which will be explained below. The folded part comprises, beyond the bearing surface 26 going towards the center of the panel, a zone 28, parallel to the plane of the sheet, and on which the protective strip 5 is supported. Zone 28 is located therefore substantially in line with the bottom 18 of the groove 17 of the upper sheet. The folded part is extended, in the direction of the central part of the panel, by a wing 29, which is therefore embedded in the plastic foam of the internal mass. This plastic foam has penetrated under the folded part and thanks to the relatively large radius of curvature of the folding zone 27, it effectively fills the volume offered, up to this folding zone.

Figures 2 to 5 illustrate the mounting of an assembly formed of adjacent panels of the type just described.

In Figure 2, we see the right edge (in the figure) of a first panel 30 which has been fixed on a support 13 by means of a screw 12. A second panel 31 has been brought into contact with the panel 30 by its left edge, while being spaced from the support 13. The contact takes place essentially between the protective strip 4 of the panel 30 and the folded part 27 of the panel 31. In addition, the edge of the wing 19 of the panel 31 is at proximity to the projecting area 8 of the panel 30.

In accordance with FIG. 3, the panel 31 has been brought closer to the support 13, which has brought the folded part 27 of the panel 31 in the vicinity of the bearing surface 24 of the panel 30. At the same time, the wing 19 has been pushed upwards by the projecting zone 8 of the panel 30, by pivoting around the connection region between the protective strip 5 and the bottom 18 of the groove 17, in accordance with arrow 32.

In accordance with FIG. 4, the panel 31 is moved in the direction of the center of the panel 30. The wing has slid over the surface of the protruding area 8, until the end of this wing falls in the groove 6 Simultaneously, the bearing surfaces 24 of the panel 30 and 26 of the panel 31 have slipped one over the other, so that the panel 31 has again moved closer to the support 13, in accordance with arrow 33.

FIG. 5 shows the final situation, the bearing surfaces 7 and 22 cooperate firmly, as do the bearing surfaces 24 and 26. In addition, the abutment surfaces 15 and 20 have come into contact with each other. other, which stops the movement and puts in final position of the panel 31 which is thus maintained by an elastic snap-on effect, against the panel 30.

Claims (5)

Composite panel for roof or wall of buildings, comprising: - an outer sheet (1) and an inner sheet (2), both flat as a whole, having in the region of two opposite edges complementary profiles at least in part, intended to allow a tight contact between the edges of two panels adjacent (30, 31), the two sheets, comprising, near one of their superimposed edges, each a fixing zone (10, 23) intended to be crossed by fixing means (12), - and an internal mass (3) placed between the exterior and interior sheets and in contact with them, this internal mass being limited by edges situated in the region of the edges of the exterior and interior sheets, - the outer sheet (1) comprising a first bearing surface (7), located between the fixing zone and the center of the sheet, this bearing surface extending parallel to the edge and being directed towards the center of the outer sheet towards the inside of the panel at a first angle (A) with the plane of the outer sheet, - And the outer sheet comprising, on the side opposite to the first bearing surface, a second bearing surface (22), parallel to the first and able to cooperate with the first bearing surface of an adjacent panel, this second support surface being carried by a wing (19) of said sheet which deviates from the center of the panel beyond the edge of the internal mass, this wing having a shape calculated to cover the fixing means located in the area fixing an adjacent panel after mounting the roof or wall, characterized in that: - the inner sheet (2) has a third bearing surface (24), located in the same zone as the first, directed towards the center of the inner sheet in deviating from the inside of the panel, making a second angle (B), smaller than the first angle (A), with the plane of the internal sheet - And the inner sheet has a fourth bearing surface (26) parallel to the third bearing surface (24), and able to cooperate with the third bearing surface of an adjacent panel. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the first and second angles (A, B) is calculated, as a function of the rigidity of the sheets, to allow elastic engagement between the edges of adjacent panels. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first bearing surface (7) constitutes the side of a groove (6) of the outer sheet, located between the flat central part and a projecting area (8) the apex of which is roughly in the plane of the vertical part, this projecting zone being adjacent, towards the edge of the sheet, to the fixing zone (10) situated recessed with respect to the plane of the central part of a distance at least equal to the height, above the fixing zone, of the fixing means (12) which it is intended to employ, and the wing of the external sheet metal comprises, going from the second support surface towards the center of the panel, a surface (21) which extends substantially in the plane of the central part. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wing (19) of the outer sheet is connected to the central part by means of a groove (17) whose side (20) facing the corresponding edge constitutes a stop surface for the edge of an adjacent panel. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fourth bearing surface is carried by a part folded towards the inside of the panel, and the internal mass enters the volume located between the central part of the sheet inside and said part folded inwards.

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