EP0587168B1 - Cleaning installation with liquid or supercritical gases - Google Patents
Cleaning installation with liquid or supercritical gases Download PDFInfo
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- EP0587168B1 EP0587168B1 EP93114511A EP93114511A EP0587168B1 EP 0587168 B1 EP0587168 B1 EP 0587168B1 EP 93114511 A EP93114511 A EP 93114511A EP 93114511 A EP93114511 A EP 93114511A EP 0587168 B1 EP0587168 B1 EP 0587168B1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0021—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by liquid gases or supercritical fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for cleaning objects with organic residues by means of gases compressed up to the liquid or supercritical phase as cleaning fluids.
- This cleaning device proposed in PCT / EP / 92/00322 is specially adapted to the cleaning of metal pipes. Smaller machine components or electronic components are difficult to clean. In addition, only discontinuous operation with complete ventilation of one of the two pressure vessels during the loading and unloading operations is possible.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to develop a cleaning device with which smaller workpieces of any shape can be cleaned in an environmentally friendly manner by means of liquefied or supercritical gases as cleaning fluid.
- This cleaning device is also intended to enable a process sequence that is close to continuous operation.
- a drum is rotatably and / or pivotally arranged in a pressure-resistant container, that the drum is connected to a drive device, and that the container is connected to a supply system for the cleaning fluid.
- the shape and size of the drum can be determined beforehand depending on the type and number of objects to be cleaned.
- the rotation of the drum sets both the cleaning fluid in the pressure-resistant container and the objects in the drum in turbulent motion, which increases the cleaning effect. There is a complete wetting of the objects on all sides with the cleaning fluid, which removes the impurities from the objects.
- the pressure-proof container has at least one pressure-proof lock for loading and unloading the Objects on.
- These locks make a complete ventilation of the pressure-resistant container for the removal of the objects or for loading unnecessary.
- two locks can be arranged on the pressure-resistant container in such a way that one lock can be used for loading the drum and a second one for emptying this drum.
- the open end of the drum can be swiveled to one of the two locks. The cleaning process is then only briefly interrupted during loading and emptying.
- the supply system for liquefied gases essentially consists of a storage container and a storage container for the cleaning fluid, the storage container and the storage container being connected to the pressure-resistant container and to one another via lines. Gas can then be passed from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container and into the storage container in order to pretension them. Liquefied gas can also be pumped from the storage tank into the pressure-resistant tank as well as into the storage tank via a pump. In addition, a pump line from the storage container to the pressure-resistant container can be provided. Finally, cleaning fluid loaded with the contaminants can be emptied into the storage container in reverse by means of a pump.
- the storage container and / or the storage container and / or the pressure-resistant container are connected to a heat reservoir and / or a cold reservoir. This allows the temperatures in the three containers to be regulated. For example, liquefied gas can be conducted from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container and heated there to a supercritical temperature by means of indirect heat exchange with a heat reservoir.
- the objects to be cleaned are introduced into the drum, the pressure-resistant container is filled with a cleaning fluid via the supply system, preselected pressure and temperature values are set in the pressure-resistant container and then the drum is driven by the drive device set in motion.
- Suitable cleaning fluids for removing organic residues are, for example, hydrocarbons, such as methane, ethane, propane, ethene, propene, etc., and halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trifluoromethane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride. Under normal conditions, gaseous fluids are compressed to the liquid or supercritical phase to increase their solvency.
- hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, ethene, propene, etc.
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as trifluoromethane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride.
- gaseous fluids are compressed to the liquid or supercritical phase to increase their solvency.
- Carbon dioxide has proven to be a particularly suitable fluid in the method according to the invention, since it has the following advantages: Carbon dioxide is not flammable or explosive, large quantities of carbon dioxide are inexpensively available as a by-product of industrial processes, carbon dioxide is less polluting than other solvents and carbon dioxide is chemically inert. In addition, the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide meet the process of the invention.
- a chemical solvent and / or a mechanical abrasive is added to the cleaning fluid.
- Chemical solvents such as HCl, alcohols, anhydrous soaps, surfactants etc. increase the solvency of the liquefied or supercritical gas used as the cleaning fluid.
- Mechanical abrasives such as plastic granulate, steel shot or slag sand also cause mechanical removal of the surface layers of the substance to be dissolved.
- gases of lower density compared to the cleaning fluid can also be introduced into the pressure-resistant container.
- gases of lower density for example, N2, He, CO2, Ar or HCl
- a mechanical effect is developed by the inflowing gas bubbles and, in addition, possibly an increase in the solvency.
- the drum is set in a rotary movement by the drive device during the cleaning process, the speed of rotation of the drum being set to a value between 1 and 200 revolutions per minute, preferably between 10 and 30 revolutions per minute. In general, the number of revolutions will have to be adapted to the stability and contamination of the objects to be cleaned.
- the objects to be cleaned are introduced into the interior of the drum via one or more locks and removed from the drum.
- the drum must then be able to be pivoted with its open end face, for example to open the entrance and exit locks.
- the pressure and temperature values required for cleaning can then be set in the storage container.
- This provides a reservoir of cleaning fluid with the appropriate pressure and temperature values that can be accessed quickly.
- carbon dioxide is present in this storage container in accordance with the equilibrium values in the liquid and gaseous phases.
- the gaseous phase is suitable for prestressing the pressure-resistant container into which the liquefied gas can then be introduced.
- the amount of cleaning fluid in the pressure-resistant container is passed into a storage container in a suitable development of the method according to the invention.
- This storage container has about one to two times the volume of the pressure-resistant container.
- the cleaning fluid containing the impurities in solutions can then, if not yet saturated, be passed back together with the cleaning fluid from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container.
- the other part or gas completely saturated with impurities from the storage container is disposed of. This disposal can be accomplished, for example, by releasing the pressure of the gas under pressure, as a result of which the contaminants fail, and by subsequently recovering the gaseous phase.
- the relaxation energy can also be used to operate a turbine or the like.
- a temperature interval can be run through or a certain temperature can be kept constant.
- liquid carbon dioxide is used as the cleaning fluid.
- it can be conducted from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container for cleaning at room temperature.
- the carbon dioxide remains liquid up to temperatures of around 30 ° C, furthermore it becomes gaseous.
- the pressure-resistant container is designed for pressure values up to a maximum of 200 bar. If carbon dioxide liquefied at room temperature is used as the cleaning fluid, the working pressure is approx. 50 bar. In order to work with supercritical carbon dioxide, the temperature in the pressure-resistant container must be increased to over 31 ° C and the pressure to over 74 bar.
- the drawing shows schematically the most important components of a system according to the invention for cleaning objects with liquefied or supercritical gases.
- Line 7 is used to promote gaseous carbon dioxide from a CO2 tank, not shown. Liquefied carbon dioxide flows through line 8 and is pumped out of the CO2 tank (not shown) with the aid of the pump 4.
- a pressure-resistant container 1, a storage container 6 and a storage container 5 are connected to one another by ball valves. The three containers are not drawn to scale in the drawing.
- the pressure-resistant container 1 contains in its lower part, the template 6 and reservoir 5 each contain a heat exchanger 9 on their right end faces, which are connected to cooling and heat reservoirs, not shown.
- aluminum stamped parts which are contaminated with stamping oil are to be cleaned.
- the degree of soiling of the stamped parts is approximately 150 mg / m2.
- the aluminum stamped parts are inserted into the drum 2 of the pressure-resistant container 1.
- the drum volume is approximately 0.5 m3.
- About 25 kg of aluminum stamped parts are cleaned in one cleaning process.
- Slag sand with an average grain size of approximately 2 mm is added to the stamped parts in order to accelerate the removal of the oil layers by mechanical action.
- the pressure-resistant container 1 is now filled with liquid carbon dioxide again via the pump 4 and with appropriately closed ball valves.
- the amount filled is about 250 l.
- the drum 2 is set in rotation by the drive device 3, a rotation speed of 10 rpm being set.
- the temperature in the pressure-resistant container can be easily regulated via the heat exchanger 9. A variation in the dissolving power can be achieved by varying the temperature.
- the content of carbon dioxide loaded with oil from the pressure-resistant container 1 is passed from this into the storage container 5, which has 1.5 times the volume of the pressure-resistant container 1.
- the cleaned aluminum stamped parts are now removed from the container 1.
- a portion of the cleaning fluid can be passed from the storage container 5 together with pure cleaning fluid from the storage container 6 into the pressure-resistant container 1 for the subsequent cleaning operations.
- the carbon dioxide in the reservoir 5 is saturated with oil, this can be expanded via a turbine, whereby the pressure energy of the fluid is used and at the same time liquid impurities (oil) fail.
- the now gaseous carbon dioxide can be collected and reused for the cleaning process.
- the cleaning method made possible by the system according to the invention represents an economical, thorough and environmentally friendly cleaning method.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Gegenständen mit organischen Rückständen mittels bis zur flüssigen oder überkritischen Phase verdichteter Gase als Reinigungsfluide.The invention relates to a device and a method for cleaning objects with organic residues by means of gases compressed up to the liquid or supercritical phase as cleaning fluids.
Aus der PCT-Anmeldung PCT/EP/92/00322 = WO-A-92/14558 sind eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Werkstücken mit organischen Rückständen wie Öle, Fette und dergleichen, bekannt, wobei verflüssigte Gase wie Kohlendioxid als Reinigungsfluid verwendet werden. Hierzu wird das Reinigungsfluid in einen mit den Werkstücken beladenen zylindrischen Druckbehälter geleitet und dort mittels eines Laufrades umgewälzt. Nach Beendigung des Reinigungsvorganges wird ein Teil des mit den organischen Rückständen beladenen Fluids aus dem Druckbehälter zusammen mit frischem Reinigungsfluid in einen weiteren Druckbehälter geleitet. Der andere Teil des mit den organischen Rückständen beladenen Fluids wird über eine Turbine entspannt, wodurch die Verunreinigungen ausfallen. Aus dem entleerten Druckbehälter werden nun die gereinigten Werkstücke entnommen, während weitere Werkstücke in dem zweiten Druckbehälter gereinigt werden können.From PCT application PCT / EP / 92/00322 = WO-A-92/14558 an apparatus and a method for cleaning workpieces with organic residues such as oils, fats and the like are known, using liquefied gases such as carbon dioxide as cleaning fluid become. For this purpose, the cleaning fluid is passed into a cylindrical pressure container loaded with the workpieces and circulated there by means of an impeller. After the cleaning process has ended, part of the fluid loaded with the organic residues is passed from the pressure vessel together with fresh cleaning fluid into another pressure vessel. The other part of the fluid loaded with the organic residues is expanded via a turbine, causing the impurities to fail. The cleaned workpieces are now removed from the emptied pressure vessel, while further workpieces can be cleaned in the second pressure vessel.
Diese in der PCT/EP/92/00322 vorgeschlagene Reinigungsvorrichtung ist speziell auf die Reinigung von Metallrohren angepaßt. Kleinere Maschinenbauteile oder elektronische Bauelemente lassen sich nur schlecht reinigen. Außerdem ist nur ein diskontinuierlicher Betrieb mit jeweils vollständiger Belüftung eines der beiden Druckbehälter bei den Beladungs- und Entnahmevorgängen möglich.This cleaning device proposed in PCT / EP / 92/00322 is specially adapted to the cleaning of metal pipes. Smaller machine components or electronic components are difficult to clean. In addition, only discontinuous operation with complete ventilation of one of the two pressure vessels during the loading and unloading operations is possible.
Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Reinigungsvorrichtung zu entwickeln, mit der auf umweltfreundliche Art kleinere Werkstücke beliebiger Form mittels verflüssigter oder überkritischer Gase als Reinigungsfluid gereinigt werden können. Durch diese Reinigungsvorrichtung soll außerdem ein dem kontinuierlichen Betrieb nahekommender Verfahrensablauf ermöglicht werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to develop a cleaning device with which smaller workpieces of any shape can be cleaned in an environmentally friendly manner by means of liquefied or supercritical gases as cleaning fluid. This cleaning device is also intended to enable a process sequence that is close to continuous operation.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in einem druckfesten Behälter eine Trommel dreh- und/oder schwenkbar angeordnet ist, daß die Trommel an eine Antriebseinrichtung angeschlossen ist, und daß der Behälter mit einer Versorgungsanlage für das Reinigungsfluid verbunden ist.This object is achieved in that a drum is rotatably and / or pivotally arranged in a pressure-resistant container, that the drum is connected to a drive device, and that the container is connected to a supply system for the cleaning fluid.
Form und Größe der Trommel können je nach Art und Anzahl der zu reinigenden Gegenstände vorher einmal festgelegt werden. Durch die Rotation der Trommel werden sowohl das Reinigungsfluid in dem druckfesten Behälter als auch die in der Trommel befindlichen Gegenstände in turbulente Bewegung versetzt, wodurch die Reingungswirkung erhöht wird. Es kommt zu einer vollständigen allseitigen Benetzung der Gegenstände mit dem Reinigungsfluid, das die Verunreinigungen von den Gegenständen löst.The shape and size of the drum can be determined beforehand depending on the type and number of objects to be cleaned. The rotation of the drum sets both the cleaning fluid in the pressure-resistant container and the objects in the drum in turbulent motion, which increases the cleaning effect. There is a complete wetting of the objects on all sides with the cleaning fluid, which removes the impurities from the objects.
Um einen quasi-kontinuierlichen Reinigungsvorgang zu ermöglichen, weist der druckfeste Behälter mindestens eine druckfeste Schleuse zur Beschickung und Entnahme der Gegenstände auf. Diese Schleusen machen eine vollständige Belüftung des druckfesten Behälters zur Entnahme der Gegenstände oder zum Beladen unnötig. Beispielsweise können zwei Schleusen derart am druckfesten Behälter angeordnet sein, daß eine Schleuse zum Beladen der Trommel eingesetzt werden kann und eine zweite zur Entleerung dieser Trommel. Dazu kann die offene Stirnseite der Trommel jeweils zu einer der beiden Schleusen geschwenkt werden. Der Reinigungsvorgang wird dann nur kurzzeitig bei der Beschickung und Entleerung unterbrochen.In order to enable a quasi-continuous cleaning process, the pressure-proof container has at least one pressure-proof lock for loading and unloading the Objects on. These locks make a complete ventilation of the pressure-resistant container for the removal of the objects or for loading unnecessary. For example, two locks can be arranged on the pressure-resistant container in such a way that one lock can be used for loading the drum and a second one for emptying this drum. For this purpose, the open end of the drum can be swiveled to one of the two locks. The cleaning process is then only briefly interrupted during loading and emptying.
Die Versorgungsanlage für verflüssigte Gase besteht in einer günstigen Ausgestaltung im wesentlichen aus einem Vorratsbehälter sowie einem Vorlagebehälter für das Reinigungsfluid, wobei der Vorratsbehälter und der Vorlagebehälter sowohl mit dem druckfesten Behälter als auch untereinander über Leitungen verbunden sind. Damit kann dann Gas aus dem Vorlagebehälter in den druckfesten Behälter und in den Vorratsbehälter geleitet werden, um diese vorzuspannen. Verflüssigtes Gas kann über eine Pumpe vom Vorlagebehälter ebenfalls in den druckfesten Behälter wie in den Vorratsbehälter gepumpt werden. Außerdem kann eine Pumpleitung vom Vorratsbehälter zum druckfesten Behälter vorgesehen sein. Schließlich kann mit den Verunreinigungen beladenes Reinigungsfluid über eine Pumpe umgekehrt in den Vorratsbehälter geleert werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the supply system for liquefied gases essentially consists of a storage container and a storage container for the cleaning fluid, the storage container and the storage container being connected to the pressure-resistant container and to one another via lines. Gas can then be passed from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container and into the storage container in order to pretension them. Liquefied gas can also be pumped from the storage tank into the pressure-resistant tank as well as into the storage tank via a pump. In addition, a pump line from the storage container to the pressure-resistant container can be provided. Finally, cleaning fluid loaded with the contaminants can be emptied into the storage container in reverse by means of a pump.
Vorteilhaft ist, wenn der Vorratsbehälter und/oder der Vorlagebehälter und/oder der druckfeste Behälter mit einem Wärmereservoir und/oder einem Kältereservoir in Verbindung stehen. Dadurch lassen sich die Temperaturen in den drei Behältern regeln. Beispielsweise kann verflüssigtes Gas vom Vorlagebehälter in den druckfesten Behälter geleitet werden und dort mittels indirektem Wärmeaustausch mit einem Wärmereservoir auf eine überkritische Temperatur erwärmt werden.It is advantageous if the storage container and / or the storage container and / or the pressure-resistant container are connected to a heat reservoir and / or a cold reservoir. This allows the temperatures in the three containers to be regulated. For example, liquefied gas can be conducted from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container and heated there to a supercritical temperature by means of indirect heat exchange with a heat reservoir.
Zur Reinigung von Gegenständen unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden die zu reinigenden Gegenstände in die Trommel eingebracht, der druckfeste Behälter wird über die Versorgungsanlage mit einem Reinigungsfluid gefüllt, in dem druckfesten Behälter werden vorgewählte Druck- und Temperaturwerte eingestellt und anschließend wird die Trommel von der Antriebseinrichtung in Bewegung gesetzt.To clean objects using the device according to the invention, the objects to be cleaned are introduced into the drum, the pressure-resistant container is filled with a cleaning fluid via the supply system, preselected pressure and temperature values are set in the pressure-resistant container and then the drum is driven by the drive device set in motion.
Als Reinigungsfluide sind zur Entfernung organischer Rückstände beispielsweise Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Methan, Ethan, Propan, Ethen, Propen etc., sowie halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Trifluormethan, Kohlendioxid, Distickstoffmonoxid und Schwefelhexafluorid geeignet. Unter Normalbedingungen gasförmige Fluide werden zur Steigerung ihres Lösungsvermögens bis zur flüssigen oder überkritischen Phase verdichtet.Suitable cleaning fluids for removing organic residues are, for example, hydrocarbons, such as methane, ethane, propane, ethene, propene, etc., and halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trifluoromethane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride. Under normal conditions, gaseous fluids are compressed to the liquid or supercritical phase to increase their solvency.
Kohlendioxid hat sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als besonders geeignetes Fluid erwiesen, da es folgende Vorteile aufweist:
Kohlendioxid ist nicht brennbar oder explosiv, Kohlendioxid steht in großen Mengen als Nebenprodukt industrieller Verfahren kostengünstig zur Verfügung, Kohlendioxid ist im Vergleich zu anderen Lösungsmitteln wenig umweltbelastend und Kohlendioxid verhält sich chemisch inert. Außerdem kommen die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften von Kohlendioxid dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren entgegen.Carbon dioxide has proven to be a particularly suitable fluid in the method according to the invention, since it has the following advantages:
Carbon dioxide is not flammable or explosive, large quantities of carbon dioxide are inexpensively available as a by-product of industrial processes, carbon dioxide is less polluting than other solvents and carbon dioxide is chemically inert. In addition, the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide meet the process of the invention.
In einer sehr günstigen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsverfahrens werden dem Reinigungsfluid ein chemisches Lösungsmittel und/oder ein mechanisches Scheuermittel zugegeben.In a very favorable embodiment of the cleaning method according to the invention, a chemical solvent and / or a mechanical abrasive is added to the cleaning fluid.
Chemische Lösungsmittel, wie HCl, Alkohole, wasserfreie Seifen, Tenside etc., erhöhen das Lösungsvermögen des als Reinigungsfluid eingesetzten verflüssigten oder überkritischen Gases. Mechanische Scheuermittel wie Plastikgranulat, Stahlschrot oder Schlackensand bewirken zusätzlich einen mechanischen Abtrag der Oberflächenschichten der zu lösenden Substanz.Chemical solvents such as HCl, alcohols, anhydrous soaps, surfactants etc. increase the solvency of the liquefied or supercritical gas used as the cleaning fluid. Mechanical abrasives such as plastic granulate, steel shot or slag sand also cause mechanical removal of the surface layers of the substance to be dissolved.
Zusätzlich können auch Gase niedrigerer Dichte im Vergleich zum Reinigungsfluid in den druckfesten Behälter eingeleitet werden. Je nach Art des Gases (beispielsweise N₂, He, CO₂, Ar oder HCl) wird durch die einströmenden Gasblasen eine mechanische Wirkung entfaltet und zusätzlich eventuell eine das Lösungsvermögen steigernde.In addition, gases of lower density compared to the cleaning fluid can also be introduced into the pressure-resistant container. Depending on the type of gas (for example, N₂, He, CO₂, Ar or HCl), a mechanical effect is developed by the inflowing gas bubbles and, in addition, possibly an increase in the solvency.
Die Trommel wird während des Reinigungsprozesses von der Antriebseinrichtung in eine Drehbewegung versetzt, wobei die Drehzahl der Trommel auf einen Wert zwischen 1 und 200 Umdrehungen pro Minute, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 30 Umdrehungen pro Minute, eingestellt wird. Im allgemeinen wird die Umdrehungszahl der Stabilität und der Verschmutzung der zu reinigenden Gegenstände angepaßt sein müssen.The drum is set in a rotary movement by the drive device during the cleaning process, the speed of rotation of the drum being set to a value between 1 and 200 revolutions per minute, preferably between 10 and 30 revolutions per minute. In general, the number of revolutions will have to be adapted to the stability and contamination of the objects to be cleaned.
Um einen nahezu kontinuierlichen Betrieb mit möglichst wenigen Unterbrechungen und ohne Belüftung des druckfesten Behälters zu ermöglichen, werden die zu reinigenden Gegenstände über eine oder mehrere Schleusen in das Innere der Trommel eingebracht und aus der Trommel entnommen. Die Trommel muß dann mit ihrer offenen Stirnseite beispielsweise zur Öffnung der Ein- und Ausgangsschleusen geschwenkt werden können.In order to enable almost continuous operation with as few interruptions as possible and without venting the pressure-resistant container, the objects to be cleaned are introduced into the interior of the drum via one or more locks and removed from the drum. The drum must then be able to be pivoted with its open end face, for example to open the entrance and exit locks.
Vorteilhaft wirkt sich aus, wenn in einem Vorlagebehälter ein Vielfaches der zur Befüllung des druckfesten Behälters nötigen Menge an Reinigungsfluid gefüllt werden kann.It has an advantageous effect if a multiple of the amount of cleaning fluid required to fill the pressure-resistant container can be filled in a storage container.
Bei Verwendung von verflüssigten Gasen als Reinigungsfluide können dann bereits im Vorlagebehälter die bei der Reinigung benötigten Druck- und Temperaturwerte eingestellt werden. Damit erhält man ein Reservoir an Reinigungsfluid mit den geeigneten Druck- und Temperaturwerten, auf das schnell zugegriffen werden kann. Kohlendioxid liegt beispielsweise in diesem Vorlagebehälter entsprechend den Gleichgewichtswerten in flüssiger und gasförmiger Phase vor. Die gasförmige Phase eignet sich zum Vorspannen des druckfesten Behälters, in den anschließend das verflüssigte Gas eingeleitet werden kann.When using liquefied gases as cleaning fluids, the pressure and temperature values required for cleaning can then be set in the storage container. This provides a reservoir of cleaning fluid with the appropriate pressure and temperature values that can be accessed quickly. For example, carbon dioxide is present in this storage container in accordance with the equilibrium values in the liquid and gaseous phases. The gaseous phase is suitable for prestressing the pressure-resistant container into which the liquefied gas can then be introduced.
Nach Abschluß des Reinigungsvorganges wird in geeigneter Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens die im druckfesten Behälter befindliche Menge an Reinigungsfluid in einen Vorratsbehälter geleitet. Dieser Vorratsbehälter weist etwa das ein- bis zweifache des Volumens des druckfesten Behälters auf. Das die Verunreinigungen in Lösungen enthaltende Reinigungsfluid kann dann, falls noch nicht gesättigt, zum Teil wieder zusammen mit Reinigungsfluid aus dem Vorlagebehälter in den druckfesten Behälter geleitet werden. Der andere Teil oder aber mit Verunreinigungen vollständig gesättigtes Gas aus dem Vorratsbehälter wird entsorgt. Diese Entsorgung kann beispielsweise durch Entspannung des unter Druck stehenden Gases bewerkstelligt werden, wodurch die Verunreinigungen ausfallen, und durch anschließende Wiederrückgewinnung der gasförmigen Phase. Die Entspannungsenergie kann außerdem zum Betreiben einer Turbine oder ähnlichem verwendet werden.After completion of the cleaning process, the amount of cleaning fluid in the pressure-resistant container is passed into a storage container in a suitable development of the method according to the invention. This storage container has about one to two times the volume of the pressure-resistant container. The cleaning fluid containing the impurities in solutions can then, if not yet saturated, be passed back together with the cleaning fluid from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container. The other part or gas completely saturated with impurities from the storage container is disposed of. This disposal can be accomplished, for example, by releasing the pressure of the gas under pressure, as a result of which the contaminants fail, and by subsequently recovering the gaseous phase. The relaxation energy can also be used to operate a turbine or the like.
Als geeignet erweist sich, wenn die Temperatur des verflüssigten Gases in dem druckfesten Behälter und/oder dem Vorlagebehälter und/oder dem Vorratsbehälter mittels indirektem Wärmeaustausch mit Hilfe eines Wärmereservoirs und/oder eines Kältereservoirs eingestellt wird.It has proven to be suitable if the temperature of the liquefied gas in the pressure-resistant container and / or the storage container and / or the storage container is adjusted by means of indirect heat exchange with the aid of a heat reservoir and / or a cold reservoir.
Damit lassen sich z.B. im druckfesten Behälter die Temperaturwerte einstellen, die bei verwendeter Gasart und vorliegender Verunreinigung ein optimales Lösungsverhalten sicherstellen. Es kann ein Temperaturintervall durchlaufen oder eine bestimmte Temperatur konstant gehalten werden.This allows e.g. Set the temperature values in the flameproof container to ensure optimal solution behavior when the gas type is used and the contamination is present. A temperature interval can be run through or a certain temperature can be kept constant.
Geeignet sind Temperaturen in dem druckfesten Behälter zwischen -20 und +60°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 und 30°C, wenn flüssiges Kohlendioxid als Reinigungsfluid verwendet wird. Beispielsweise läßt sich bei üblicherweise zwischen 50 und 60 bar verflüssigtes Kohlendioxid bei Raumtemperatur aus dem Vorlagebehälter in den druckfesten Behälter zur Reinigung leiten. Bei diesem Druck bleibt das Kohlendioxid bis zu Temperaturen von etwa 30°C flüssig, darüberhinaus wird es gasförmig.Temperatures in the pressure-resistant container between -20 and + 60 ° C, preferably between 15 and 30 ° C, are suitable if liquid carbon dioxide is used as the cleaning fluid. For example, at typically between 50 and 60 bar of liquefied carbon dioxide, it can be conducted from the storage container into the pressure-resistant container for cleaning at room temperature. At this pressure, the carbon dioxide remains liquid up to temperatures of around 30 ° C, furthermore it becomes gaseous.
Der druckfeste Behälter wird auf Druckwerte bis maximal 200 bar ausgelegt. Verwendet man bei Raumtemperatur verflüssigtes Kohlendioxid als Reinigungsfluid, liegt der Arbeitsdruck bei ca. 50 bar. Um mit überkritischem Kohlendioxid arbeiten zu können, muß die Temperatur im druckfesten Behälter auf über 31°C und der Druck auf über 74 bar erhöht werden.The pressure-resistant container is designed for pressure values up to a maximum of 200 bar. If carbon dioxide liquefied at room temperature is used as the cleaning fluid, the working pressure is approx. 50 bar. In order to work with supercritical carbon dioxide, the temperature in the pressure-resistant container must be increased to over 31 ° C and the pressure to over 74 bar.
Anhand der Zeichnung soll im folgenden ein Ausführungsbeispiel die erfindungsgemäße Reinigungsvorrichtung näher beschreiben.An exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device according to the invention is to be described in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
Die Zeichnung stellt schematisch die wesentlichsten Bestandteile einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage zur Reinigung von Gegenständen mit verflüssigten oder überkritischen Gasen dar.The drawing shows schematically the most important components of a system according to the invention for cleaning objects with liquefied or supercritical gases.
Leitung 7 dient der Förderung gasförmigen Kohlendioxids aus einem nicht dargestellten CO₂-Tank. Durch Leitung 8 strömt verflüssigtes Kohlendioxid, das mit Hilfe der Pumpe 4 aus dem nicht dargestellten CO₂-Tank gefördert wird. Durch Leitungen mit Kugelhähnen sind ein druckfester Behälter 1, ein Vorlagebehälter 6 sowie ein Vorratsbehälter 5 untereinander verbunden. Die drei Behälter sind in der Zeichnung nicht maßstabsgerecht dargestellt.Line 7 is used to promote gaseous carbon dioxide from a CO₂ tank, not shown. Liquefied carbon dioxide flows through line 8 and is pumped out of the CO₂ tank (not shown) with the aid of the
Der druckfeste Behälter 1 enthält in seinem unteren Teil, der Vorlage- 6 und Vorratsbehälter 5 enthalten an ihren rechten Stirnseiten jeweils einen Wärmetauscher 9, die mit nicht dargestellten Kälte- und Wärmereservoiren verbunden sind.The pressure-resistant container 1 contains in its lower part, the
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsanlage sollen Aluminiumstanzteile, die mit Stanzöl verunreinigt sind, gesäubert werden. Der Verschmutzungsgrad der Stanzteile beträgt etwa 150 mg/m². Die Aluminiumstanzteile werden in die Trommel 2 des druckfesten Behälters 1 eingeführt. Das Trommelvolumen beträgt etwa 0,5 m³. In einem Reinigungsvorgang werden etwa 25 kg Aluminiumstanzteile gesäubert. Schlackensand mit einer durchschnittlichen Korngröße von etwa 2 mm wird den Stanzteilen zugegeben, um das Entfernen der Ölschichten durch mechanische Einwirkung zu beschleunigen.With the cleaning system according to the invention, aluminum stamped parts which are contaminated with stamping oil are to be cleaned. The degree of soiling of the stamped parts is approximately 150 mg / m². The aluminum stamped parts are inserted into the drum 2 of the pressure-resistant container 1. The drum volume is approximately 0.5 m³. About 25 kg of aluminum stamped parts are cleaned in one cleaning process. Slag sand with an average grain size of approximately 2 mm is added to the stamped parts in order to accelerate the removal of the oil layers by mechanical action.
Aus einem CO₂-Tank, in dem bei Raumtemperatur und einem Druck von ca. 65 bar gasförmiges und verflüssigtes Kohlendioxid im Gleichgewicht vorliegen, wird nach Schließen des druckfesten Behälters 1 gasförmiges Kohlendioxid über Leitung 7 in den druckfesten Behälter 1, den Vorratsbehälter 5 und den Vorlagebehälter 6 geleitet, um diese vorzuspannen. Anschließend wird flüssiges Kohlendioxid über Leitung 8 mittels der Pumpe 4 aus dem CO₂-Tank in den Vorlagebehälter 6 gefüllt. Der Wärmetauscher 9 hält dort die Temperatur auf etwa 20°C. Der Vorlagebehälter 6 besitzt etwa das 5-fache Volumen des druckfesten Behälters 1.From a CO₂ tank in which gas and liquefied carbon dioxide are in equilibrium at room temperature and a pressure of approx. 65 bar, after closing the pressure-resistant container 1, gaseous carbon dioxide is passed via line 7 into the pressure-resistant container 1, the storage container 5 and the
Vom Vorlagebhälter 6 aus wird nun wieder über die Pumpe 4 und bei entsprechend geschlossenen Kugelhähnen der druckfeste Behälter 1 mit flüssigem Kohlendioxid gefüllt. Die eingefüllte Menge beträgt etwa 250 l. Von der Antriebseinrichtung 3 wird die Trommel 2 in Rotation versetzt, wobei eine Rotationsgeschwindigkeit von 10 U/min eingestellt wird. Die Temperatur im druckfesten Behälter läßt sich problemlos über den Wärmetauscher 9 regeln. Durch Variation der Temperatur läßt sich eine Variation des Lösungsvermögens erzielen.From the
Nach etwa 20 min hat sich der Hauptteil des anhaftenden Öls von den Stanzteilen gelöst. Die Restverschmutzung beträgt nur noch 20 mg/m².After about 20 minutes, the main part of the adhering oil has detached from the stamped parts. The residual pollution is only 20 mg / m².
Der Inhalt an mit Öl beladenem Kohlendioxid aus dem druckfesten Behälter 1 wird von diesem in den Vorratsbehälter 5 geleitet, der das 1,5-fache des Volumens des druckfesten Behälters 1 aufweist.The content of carbon dioxide loaded with oil from the pressure-resistant container 1 is passed from this into the storage container 5, which has 1.5 times the volume of the pressure-resistant container 1.
Die gesäuberten Aluminiumstanzteile werden nun aus dem Behälter 1 entnommen. Je nach Sättigungsgrad der Lösung Öl/Reinigungsfluid kann für die nachfolgenden Reinigungen ein Teil des Reinigungsfluids aus dem Vorratsbehälter 5 zusammen mit reinem Reinigungsfluid aus dem Vorlagebhälter 6 in den druckfesten Behälter 1 geleitet werden. Ist das Kohlendioxid im Vorratsbehälter 5 mit Öl gesättigt, so kann dieses über eine Turbine entspannt werden, wodurch die Druckenergie des Fluids genutzt wird und gleichzeitig flüssige Verunreinigungen (Öl) ausfallen. Das nunmehr gasförmige Kohlendioxid kann gesammelt und für den Reinigungsvorgang wiederverwendet werden.The cleaned aluminum stamped parts are now removed from the container 1. Depending on the degree of saturation of the oil / cleaning fluid solution, a portion of the cleaning fluid can be passed from the storage container 5 together with pure cleaning fluid from the
Das durch die erfindungsgemäße Anlage ermöglichte Reinigungsverfahren stellt eine sparsame, gründliche und umweltfreundliche Reinigungsmehode dar.The cleaning method made possible by the system according to the invention represents an economical, thorough and environmentally friendly cleaning method.
Claims (13)
- Apparatus for cleaning articles containing organic residues by means of gases compressed to the liquid or supercritical phase as cleaning fluids, characterized in that a drum (2) is arranged in a pressure-resistant vessel (1) so as to be able to rotate and/or pivot, in that the drum (2) is connected to a drive device (3) and in that the vessel (1) is connected to a supply unit for the cleaning fluid.
- Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel (1) has at least one pressure-resistant lock for the loading and removal of the articles.
- Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply unit for the cleaning fluid essentially comprises a storage vessel (5) and a feed vessel (6) for the cleaning fluid, the feed vessel (6) and the storage vessel (5) being connected via lines both to the pressure-resistant vessel (1) and to one another.
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the storage vessel (5) and/or the feed vessel (6) and/or the pressure-resistant vessel (1) is connected to a heat reservoir and/or a cold reservoir.
- Process for cleaning articles using an apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the articles to be cleaned are introduced into the drum (2), the pressure-resistant vessel (1) is filled with a cleaning fluid via the supply unit, preselected pressure and temperature values are set in the pressure-resistant vessel (1) and then the drum (2) is set in motion by the drive device (3).
- Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that chemical solvents and/or mechanical abrasives are added to the cleaning fluid.
- Process according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the drum (2) is set in a rotary motion by the drive device (3), the rotary speed of the drum (2) being set to a value of between 1 and 200 rpm, preferably between 10 and 30 rpm.
- Process according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the articles to be cleaned are introduced into the interior of the drum (2) and are removed from the drum (2) via one or more locks.
- Process according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a multiple of the amount of cleaning fluid required to fill the pressure-resistant vessel (1) is charged into a feed vessel (6).
- Process according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that after completion of the cleaning process, the amount of cleaning fluid situated in the pressure-resistant vessel (1) is passed into a storage vessel (5).
- Process according to one of Claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the temperature of the cleaning fluid in the pressure-resistant vessel (1) and/or in the feed vessel (6) and/or in the storage vessel (5) is set by means of indirect heat exchange using a heat reservoir and/or a cold reservoir.
- Process according to Claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the temperature of the cleaning fluid in the pressure-resistant vessel (1) is set to a value between -20 and +60°C, and preferably between 15 and 30°C.
- Process according to Claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the pressure of the cleaning fluid in the pressure-resistant vessel (1) is set to a value between 1 and 200 bar, preferably between 50 and 100 bar.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4230485A DE4230485A1 (en) | 1992-09-11 | 1992-09-11 | System for cleaning with liquefied or supercritical gases |
| DE4230485 | 1992-09-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0587168A1 EP0587168A1 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
| EP0587168B1 true EP0587168B1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
Family
ID=6467770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93114511A Revoked EP0587168B1 (en) | 1992-09-11 | 1993-09-09 | Cleaning installation with liquid or supercritical gases |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0587168B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE135269T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4230485A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6537916B2 (en) | 1998-09-28 | 2003-03-25 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Removal of CMP residue from semiconductor substrate using supercritical carbon dioxide process |
| US6880560B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2005-04-19 | Techsonic | Substrate processing apparatus for processing substrates using dense phase gas and sonic waves |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4309734A1 (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1994-09-29 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Process for cleaning hollow fibers |
| DE4408784C3 (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 2000-01-27 | Linde Ag | Cleaning of materials with liquefied or supercritical gases |
| DE19509573C2 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1998-07-16 | Linde Ag | Cleaning with liquid carbon dioxide |
| US5908510A (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1999-06-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Residue removal by supercritical fluids |
| DE19922135A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-16 | Linde Tech Gase Gmbh | Cleaning device for running on rotating, sliding bearings includes a pressurized container supplied with cleaning substances and supported on one or more roller tracks. |
| DE19922195A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-16 | Linde Tech Gase Gmbh | Cleaning arrangement has pressure container contg. at least one cleaning container and arrangement for moving cleaning container, which can be displaced and/or rotated |
| US6748960B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 2004-06-15 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Apparatus for supercritical processing of multiple workpieces |
| DE10029136B4 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2008-12-11 | Nlt Norder Lagertechnik Gmbh & Co. Maschinenbau Kg | Method and device for cleaning tools for a splitting plant |
| US6782900B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2004-08-31 | Micell Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for cleaning and/or treating a substrate using CO2 |
| US6763840B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2004-07-20 | Micell Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for cleaning substrates using liquid carbon dioxide |
| JP3883929B2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2007-02-21 | 大日本スクリーン製造株式会社 | Thin film forming apparatus and thin film forming method |
| EP1442802A1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-04 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Cleaning with liquid carbon dioxide |
| JP2008517796A (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2008-05-29 | ナノン アクティーゼルスカブ | Method for producing silicone rubber product and product obtained by the method |
| US7767145B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2010-08-03 | Toyko Electron Limited | High pressure fourier transform infrared cell |
| US7789971B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-09-07 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Treatment of substrate using functionalizing agent in supercritical carbon dioxide |
| CN114018085A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-08 | 珠海格力绿色再生资源有限公司 | A device and method for cleaning air-conditioning stamping oil using supercritical technology |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB823101A (en) * | 1957-01-10 | 1959-11-04 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Method of deflashing rubber and like articles |
| US3728825A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1973-04-24 | Burdett Oxygen Co Inc | Cryogenic deflashing apparatus and operating system for same |
| CH655271A5 (en) * | 1984-02-20 | 1986-04-15 | Thonney Michel | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT BY BULK BREWING OF RAW MOLDED OR MACHINED PARTS AND MACHINE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD. |
| JPH04216019A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-08-06 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | How to trim molded parts |
| AT395951B (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1993-04-26 | Union Ind Compr Gase Gmbh | CLEANING OF WORKPIECES WITH ORGANIC RESIDUES |
-
1992
- 1992-09-11 DE DE4230485A patent/DE4230485A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-09-09 DE DE59301870T patent/DE59301870D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1993-09-09 EP EP93114511A patent/EP0587168B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1993-09-09 AT AT93114511T patent/ATE135269T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6537916B2 (en) | 1998-09-28 | 2003-03-25 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Removal of CMP residue from semiconductor substrate using supercritical carbon dioxide process |
| US6880560B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2005-04-19 | Techsonic | Substrate processing apparatus for processing substrates using dense phase gas and sonic waves |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4230485A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
| ATE135269T1 (en) | 1996-03-15 |
| DE59301870D1 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
| EP0587168A1 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
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