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EP0579533B1 - Rudder blades for medium and large sized ships - Google Patents

Rudder blades for medium and large sized ships Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0579533B1
EP0579533B1 EP93401792A EP93401792A EP0579533B1 EP 0579533 B1 EP0579533 B1 EP 0579533B1 EP 93401792 A EP93401792 A EP 93401792A EP 93401792 A EP93401792 A EP 93401792A EP 0579533 B1 EP0579533 B1 EP 0579533B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
box
fin according
fin
main
piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93401792A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0579533A1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Parneix
Jean-Yves Le Lan
Daniel Carriou
Marc Dufournaud
Olivier Mahler
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ETAT FRANCAIS REPRESENTE PAR LE DELEGUE GENERAL
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
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Publication of EP0579533A1 publication Critical patent/EP0579533A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
    • B63H25/38—Rudders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rudders in general: stabilization rudders for surface ships, steering rudders, and diving rudders for submarines. In all cases, these are fins which can be oriented from the ship by means of a drill bit.
  • the rudders are made entirely of metal. They comprise a mechanically welded framework on which the hydrodynamic envelope is mounted, obtained by welding sheets previously formed in the hot state.
  • the interface with the drill bit is a massive part produced by molding, the surfaces of which are machined.
  • the steel drill bit is forged and then machined.
  • the patent GA A 2231853 is limited to the description of a method of manufacturing rudders whose principle is based on the molding and the assembly of two halves of rudders, each half resulting from the molding of a half-fin and a half-wick, this in order to obtain a one-piece wick rudder and fin.
  • This molding manufacturing process which also has the disadvantage of being difficult to implement, also gives a wick rigidly linked to the fin, therefore not removable.
  • An object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks, that is to reduce the mass of such rudders substantially and to make their manufacture less workable by eliminating hot forming, by the use of composite materials.
  • Another important object of the invention is the almost exclusive use of composite materials for the production of these rudders, both at the fin and the wick and at the connection interface between the two, in particular to avoid metal-composite structural associations which are never without drawbacks.
  • the solution provided consists in providing in the structure of the fin a box for receiving the lower part of the wick, their sections being polygonal, for example hexagonal, to ensure between them a rotation lock.
  • Said receiving box of the lower part of the wick is joined by all of at least one of its lateral faces to the rest of the structure of the fin. It is advantageously made of glass-resin composite.
  • the structure of the fin comprises an assembly of separate boxes of which said box receives the lower part of the wick.
  • the filament winding technique is carried out by association of the filament winding technique and the draping technique.
  • the first makes it possible to give an oblique orientation of the reinforcing fibers - for example at + 45 ° and at -45 ° - relative to the longitudinal axis of the wick, and the second an orientation at 0 °.
  • They are preferably carbon fibers.
  • the rudders In addition to the drill bit and the fin, the rudders have a spur, which is subjected to significant shear forces. Therefore, it is advantageously produced in the general form of a full cylinder made up of rods of pultruded glass-resin composite, compacted and bonded with resin.
  • a steering rudder is shown in place on a ship of which only the bottom F and the butt C appear very schematically. It is a rudder of the type with compensation for the fact that at the bottom of the fin 1 part of it is on the other side of the axis of rotation XX relative to its main part. Fin 1 is suspended and articulated by through a wick 2 and a spur 3, both focused on XX.
  • rudder namely fin 1, wick 2 and spur 3
  • the only metal parts are two connecting inserts allowing conventional fixing methods and rings attached to the drill bit 2 at the P bearings.
  • the wick is connected to the fin via a hub. It is generally engaged in the hub by conical fitting, the latter being welded to the frame of the fin. This connection system is simple and does not lead to any particular technical difficulties.
  • the solution found consists of a tubular box 4 secured to the rest of the structure of the fin 1, of polygonal section, and preferably hexagonal as in the drawing, FIG. 3, admitting the lower part of the drill bit 2 of corresponding section. Locking in rotation is therefore ensured by the shape of the sections, and perfect by adding a setting resin in 5.
  • a metal ring 6, Figs. 2 and 3 is glued to the inside of the box 4, and an end piece 7 at the lower end of the wick 2, the end piece 7 and the ring 6 being secured to each other by keying.
  • the box 4 is advantageously made of glass-resin composite. As can be seen in Fig. 1, it extends clearly beyond the lower end of the wick 2, in fact up to the appendix Ca of the butt C in which the diverter pivots 3. To allow the establishment of the latter at the mounting the rudder on the ship, the box 4 has a side hatch 8, and is open at its lower end, therefore having in fact a tubular shape.
  • the fact of extending the box 4 as much as possible has the advantage of having an area which is all the more important for its junction with the rest of the structure of the fin 1. In a preferred embodiment, this junction is made by gluing over the entire extent of a lateral face of the box 4. In a rudder of different shape such as a stabilizing rudder in particular, where the box 4 occupies an intermediate position in the structure of the fin, there is well heard from two opposite lateral faces of the box 4 for the junction with the rest of said structure.
  • the wick 2 has also been the subject of special research, as to the problem of its resistance as a function of the torques and the very large bending forces to which it is subjected, and as to the best way to achieve it.
  • a hollow wick 2 obtained by combining two techniques for using composite materials: filament winding and draping, and using a mandrel whose section evolves. gradually, in an intermediate zone, from the circular shape to the polygonal shape.
  • filament winding and draping the choice was made on carbon fibers, which are cheaper than more efficient aramid or boron fibers, oriented obliquely, for example at + and -45 ° by filament winding, and longitudinally at 0 °. by draping, the winding and draping operations are preferably alternated.
  • the drill bit 2 is finalized by bonding the end piece 7 in its lower end and rings 9 for rotation in the bearings P.
  • the spur 3 is essentially, but highly stressed in shear, which has led to design it in the form of a solid cylinder, with fibers oriented longitudinally.
  • a simple and economical way to manufacture it consists of compacting rods or rods in glass-pultruded resin composite, in a resin with high mechanical characteristics. An envelope is then produced by draping to obtain its final shape.
  • the spur 3 engages in a cylindrical cavity 10 formed in the body of the fin 1, FIG. 4.
  • a metal connection is provided to fix it to the fin, that is to say an end piece 11 glued to its lower end, keyed into a ring 12 inserted in the body of the fin 1.
  • This connection is visible in Figs. 4, 5.
  • the ring 12 has been given a square external shape in order to obtain good immobilization in the body of the fin 1 which may be syntactic foam in this area.
  • the fin 1 may essentially consist of an envelope made of sandwich type materials with a honeycomb core, or else of a machined honeycomb block covered with a composite envelope. glass-resin, or two half-shells that have just been bonded to a network of monolithic stiffeners, the filling material being syntactic foam, or even an assembly of glass-resin composite parts with also syntactic foam filling.
  • the fin 1 comprises, in addition to the box 4 serving for the connection with the wick 2, a plurality of boxes glued together, and the whole of which has a shape close to its final shape.
  • These boxes are arranged in such a way that the glue interfaces are stressed in shear.
  • These are advantageously machined foam blocks covered with a glass-resin composite envelope.
  • the foam used is for example a high density foam based on polyvinyl chloride.
  • the rudder comprises two superimposed upper boxes 13 and 14, glued by one of their sides to the assembly of a side face of the box 4 receiving the wick 2, FIG. 7, an intermediate box 15 glued under the box 14 and three juxtaposed lower boxes 16 to 18, two of which, 16 and 17, are glued by their upper face below the intermediate box 15.
  • the number and the arrangement of the boxes are determined based on the shape of the fin and how it is stressed.
  • the assembled boxes are then introduced into a mold where they are coated with a foam identified in 19, advantageously syntactic foam, covered with an envelope 20 of glass-resin composite.
  • This design of the fin 1 makes it possible to obtain excellent continuity in the structure and has the other advantage of using only simple and well mastered manufacturing techniques.
  • the invention which has just been described is directly applicable to the production of stabilizing rudders.
  • rudders for submarines it requires a simple adaptation when the choice of materials for the fin - more especially the foams - according to their characteristics of resistance to pressure.
  • the invention is of great interest in that it provides a very substantial weight gain, since it is greater than 70%, compared to current metal versions.
  • the gain is also real from the point of view of manufacturing cost, and especially from the point of view of maintenance, due to the virtual disappearance of metal parts, and consequently the risks of corrosion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne des safrans en général : safrans de stabilisation pour navires de surface, safrans de direction, et safrans de plongée pour sous-marins. Dans tous les cas, il s'agit d'ailerons orientables à partir du navire par l'intermédiaire d'une mèche.
Actuellement, pour les navires au-delà d'un certain tonnage, les safrans sont entièrement métalliques. Ils comportent une ossature mécano-soudée sur laquelle est montée l'enveloppe hydrodynamique, obtenue par soudage de tôles préalablement formées à chaud. L'interface avec la mèche est une pièce massive réalisée par moulage, dont les surfaces sont usinées. La mèche, en acier, est forgée puis usinée.The present invention relates to rudders in general: stabilization rudders for surface ships, steering rudders, and diving rudders for submarines. In all cases, these are fins which can be oriented from the ship by means of a drill bit.
Currently, for ships above a certain tonnage, the rudders are made entirely of metal. They comprise a mechanically welded framework on which the hydrodynamic envelope is mounted, obtained by welding sheets previously formed in the hot state. The interface with the drill bit is a massive part produced by molding, the surfaces of which are machined. The steel drill bit is forged and then machined.

Cette solution est onéreuse et met en oeuvre des procédés de fabrication pénibles, notamment le formage à chaud. D'autre part, elle aboutit à des produits très lourds, dans un domaine où le gain de poids est toujours intéressant.This solution is expensive and implements painful manufacturing processes, in particular hot forming. On the other hand, it results in very heavy products, in an area where weight gain is always interesting.

Le brevet GA A 2231853 se limite à la description d'un procédé de fabrication de safrans dont le principe repose sur le moulage et l'assemblage de deux moitiés de safrans, chaque moitié résultant du moulage d'un demi-aileron et d'une demi-mèche, ceci afin d'obtenir un safran à mèche et aileron monoblocs.The patent GA A 2231853 is limited to the description of a method of manufacturing rudders whose principle is based on the molding and the assembly of two halves of rudders, each half resulting from the molding of a half-fin and a half-wick, this in order to obtain a one-piece wick rudder and fin.

Ce procédé de fabrication par moulage, qui présente également l'inconvénient d'être pénible à mettre en oeuvre, donne en outre une mèche rigidement liée à l'aileron, donc non démontable.This molding manufacturing process, which also has the disadvantage of being difficult to implement, also gives a wick rigidly linked to the fin, therefore not removable.

Un objet de l'invention est de pallier ces inconvénients, soit de réduire sensiblement la masse de tels safrans et de rendre leur fabrication moins ouvrageuse en éliminant le formage à chaud, par l'utilisation de matériaux composites.An object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks, that is to reduce the mass of such rudders substantially and to make their manufacture less workable by eliminating hot forming, by the use of composite materials.

Un autre objet important de l'invention est l'utilisation quasi-exclusive de matériaux composites pour la réalisation de ces safrans, tant au niveau de l'aileron que la mèche et de l'interface de liaison entre les deux, pour éviter notamment des associations structurelles métal-composite qui ne sont jamais sans inconvénients.Another important object of the invention is the almost exclusive use of composite materials for the production of these rudders, both at the fin and the wick and at the connection interface between the two, in particular to avoid metal-composite structural associations which are never without drawbacks.

Dans ce contexte, un problème majeur a été celui de la liaison entre la mèche et l'aileron, qui est le siège d'efforts importants puisque c'est par elle que sont transmis les couples de rotation, et qui, pour des raisons pratiques, se doit d'être démontable.In this context, a major problem was that of the connection between the drill bit and the fin, which is the seat of significant efforts since it is through it that the torques are transmitted, and which, for practical reasons, must be removable.

Conformément à l'invention, la solution apportée consiste à prévoir dans la structure de l'aileron un caisson de réception de la partie inférieure de la mèche, leurs sections étant polygonales, par exemple hexagonales, pour assurer entre eux un blocage en rotation.According to the invention, the solution provided consists in providing in the structure of the fin a box for receiving the lower part of the wick, their sections being polygonal, for example hexagonal, to ensure between them a rotation lock.

Ledit caisson de réception de la partie inférieure de la mèche est joint par la totalité d'au moins une de ses faces latérales au reste de la structure de l'aileron. Il est avantageusement en composite verre-résine.Said receiving box of the lower part of the wick is joined by all of at least one of its lateral faces to the rest of the structure of the fin. It is advantageously made of glass-resin composite.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, la structure de l'aileron comprend un assemblage de caissons distincts dont fait partie ledit caisson de réception de la partie inférieure de la mèche.In a preferred embodiment, the structure of the fin comprises an assembly of separate boxes of which said box receives the lower part of the wick.

Cette dernière nécessite elle aussi une technique de fabrication particulière, du fait des importants efforts en torsion et en flexion auxquels elle est soumise.The latter also requires a particular manufacturing technique, due to the significant torsional and bending forces to which it is subjected.

Selon une caractéristique importante de l'invention, elle est réalisée par association de la technique d'enroulement filamentaire et de la technique de drapage. La première permet de donner une orientation oblique des fibres de renfort - par exemple à +45° et à -45° - par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la mèche, et la deuxième une orientation à 0°. Il s'agit, de préférence, de fibres de carbone.According to an important characteristic of the invention, it is carried out by association of the filament winding technique and the draping technique. The first makes it possible to give an oblique orientation of the reinforcing fibers - for example at + 45 ° and at -45 ° - relative to the longitudinal axis of the wick, and the second an orientation at 0 °. They are preferably carbon fibers.

En plus de la mèche et de l'aileron, les safrans de direction comportent un aiguillot, lequel est soumis à d'importants efforts de cisaillement. De ce fait, il est avantageusement réalisé sous la forme générale d'un cylindre plein constitué de joncs en composite verre-résine pultrudé, compactés et liés par de la résine.In addition to the drill bit and the fin, the rudders have a spur, which is subjected to significant shear forces. Therefore, it is advantageously produced in the general form of a full cylinder made up of rods of pultruded glass-resin composite, compacted and bonded with resin.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à l'aide des explications qui vont suivre et des dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 illustre un safran de direction du type dit à compensation monté sur un navire et présentant une liaison mèche-aileron, vue en coupe axiale, conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 2 est une vue agrandie, également en coupe axiale, de la liaison mèche-aileron du safran de la Fig. 1,
  • la Fig. 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne III-III de la Fig. 2,
  • la Fig. 4 est une vue agrandie en coupe axiale illustrant la liaison aiguillot-aileron du safran de la Fig. 1,
  • la Fig. 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne V-V de la Fig. 4,
  • la Fig. 6 est une vue en coupe verticale d'une forme de réalisation préférée de l'aileron du safran de la Fig. 1, et
  • les Fig. 7 et 8 sont des vues agrandies en coupe, respectivement selon la ligne VII-VII et la ligne VIII-VIII de la Fig. 6.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the explanations which follow and from the appended drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a rudder of the so-called compensation type mounted on a ship and having a wick-fin link, viewed in axial section, in accordance with the invention,
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view, also in axial section, of the wick-fin link of the rudder of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view in axial section illustrating the needle-fin connection of the rudder of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the line VV of FIG. 4,
  • Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the rudder fin of FIG. 1, and
  • Figs. 7 and 8 are enlarged sectional views, respectively along line VII-VII and line VIII-VIII of FIG. 6.

A la Fig. 1, un safran de direction est représenté en place sur un navire dont seuls le fond F et la crosse C apparaissent de façon très schématique. Il s'agit d'un safran du type à compensation du fait que dans le bas de l'aileron 1 une partie de celui-ci se trouve de l'autre côté de l'axe de rotation X-X par rapport à sa partie principale. L'aileron 1 est suspendu et articulé par l'intermédiaire d'une mèche 2 et d'un aiguillot 3, tous deux axés sur X-X.In Fig. 1, a steering rudder is shown in place on a ship of which only the bottom F and the butt C appear very schematically. It is a rudder of the type with compensation for the fact that at the bottom of the fin 1 part of it is on the other side of the axis of rotation XX relative to its main part. Fin 1 is suspended and articulated by through a wick 2 and a spur 3, both focused on XX.

Conformément à l'invention, la quasi-totalité du safran, à savoir l'aileron 1, la mèche 2 et l'aiguillot 3, est réalisée en matériaux composites. Les seules pièces métalliques sont deux inserts de liaison permettant des modes de fixation classiques et des bagues rapportées sur la mèche 2 au niveau des paliers P.According to the invention, almost all of the rudder, namely fin 1, wick 2 and spur 3, is made of composite materials. The only metal parts are two connecting inserts allowing conventional fixing methods and rings attached to the drill bit 2 at the P bearings.

Dans la version connue de ces safrans, entièrement métallique, la mèche est reliée à l'aileron par l'intermédiaire d'un moyeu. Elle est généralement engagée dans le moyeu par emmanchement conique, celui-ci étant soudé à l'ossature de l'aileron. Ce système de liaison est simple et n'induit pas de difficultés techniques particulières.In the known version of these rudders, entirely metallic, the wick is connected to the fin via a hub. It is generally engaged in the hub by conical fitting, the latter being welded to the frame of the fin. This connection system is simple and does not lead to any particular technical difficulties.

Par contre, dans le cadre de l'invention, il n'aurait pas été judicieux de transposer ce système du fait de sa non-adaptation aux caractéristiques des matériaux composites, et du fait également qu'il aurait induit des formes de pièces relativement complexes.On the other hand, in the context of the invention, it would not have been judicious to transpose this system because of its non-adaptation to the characteristics of composite materials, and also because it would have induced relatively complex shapes of parts. .

La difficulté, pour les inventeurs, a donc été de s'affranchir totalement de la technique connue pour trouver une solution optimale, eu égard à l'utilisation quasi-exclusive de matériaux composites.The difficulty, for the inventors, was therefore to completely free themselves from the known technique to find an optimal solution, having regard to the almost exclusive use of composite materials.

Conformément à l'invention, la solution trouvée consiste en un caisson tubulaire 4 solidarisé avec le reste de la structure de l'aileron 1, de section polygonale, et de préférence hexagonale comme sur le dessin, Fig. 3, admettant la partie inférieure de la mèche 2 de section correspondante. Le blocage en rotation est donc assuré par la forme des sections, et parfait par adjonction d'une résine de calage en 5. Pour le blocage en translation, une bague métallique 6, Figs. 2 et 3, est collée à l'intérieur du caisson 4, et un embout 7 à l'extrémité inférieure de la mèche 2, l'embout 7 et la bague 6 étant assujettis l'un à l'autre par clavetage.According to the invention, the solution found consists of a tubular box 4 secured to the rest of the structure of the fin 1, of polygonal section, and preferably hexagonal as in the drawing, FIG. 3, admitting the lower part of the drill bit 2 of corresponding section. Locking in rotation is therefore ensured by the shape of the sections, and perfect by adding a setting resin in 5. For locking in translation, a metal ring 6, Figs. 2 and 3, is glued to the inside of the box 4, and an end piece 7 at the lower end of the wick 2, the end piece 7 and the ring 6 being secured to each other by keying.

Le caisson 4 est avantageusement réalisé en composite verre-résine. Comme on peut le voir à la Fig. 1, il se prolonge nettement au-delà de l'extrémité inférieure de la mèche 2, en fait jusqu'à l'appendice Ca de la crosse C dans lequel tourillonne l'aiguillot 3. Pour permettre la mise en place de ce dernier au montage du safran sur le navire, le caisson 4 présente une trappe latérale 8, et est ouvert à son extrémité inférieure, ayant donc en fait une forme tubulaire.The box 4 is advantageously made of glass-resin composite. As can be seen in Fig. 1, it extends clearly beyond the lower end of the wick 2, in fact up to the appendix Ca of the butt C in which the diverter pivots 3. To allow the establishment of the latter at the mounting the rudder on the ship, the box 4 has a side hatch 8, and is open at its lower end, therefore having in fact a tubular shape.

Le fait d'allonger au maximum le caisson 4 procure l'avantage de disposer d'une surface d'autant plus importante pour sa jonction au reste de la structure de l'aileron 1. Dans une forme de réalisation préférentielle, cette jonction est réalisée par collage sur toute l'étendue d'une face latérale du caisson 4. Dans un safran de forme différente tel q'un safran de stabilisation notamment, où le caisson 4 occupe une position intermédiaire dans la structure de l'aileron, on dispose bien entendu de deux faces latérales opposées du caisson 4 pour la jonction avec le reste de ladite structure.The fact of extending the box 4 as much as possible has the advantage of having an area which is all the more important for its junction with the rest of the structure of the fin 1. In a preferred embodiment, this junction is made by gluing over the entire extent of a lateral face of the box 4. In a rudder of different shape such as a stabilizing rudder in particular, where the box 4 occupies an intermediate position in the structure of the fin, there is well heard from two opposite lateral faces of the box 4 for the junction with the rest of said structure.

La mèche 2 a également fait l'objet d'une recherche particulière, quant au problème de sa résistance en fonction des couples de torsion et des efforts en flexion très importants auxquels elle est soumise, et quant à la meilleure façon de la réaliser.The wick 2 has also been the subject of special research, as to the problem of its resistance as a function of the torques and the very large bending forces to which it is subjected, and as to the best way to achieve it.

Il en a résulté une mèche creuse 2, obtenue en combinant deux techniques de mise en oeuvre de matériaux composites : l'enroulement filamentaire et le drapage, et en utilisant un mandrin dont la section évolue progressivement, dans une zone intermédiaire, de la forme circulaire à la forme polygonale. En matière de renforts, le choix a été arrêté sur des fibres de carbone, moins chères que des fibres d'aramide ou de bore plus performantes, orientées obliquement, par exemple à + et -45° par enroulement filamentaire, et longitudinalement à 0° par drapage, les opérations d'enroulement et de drapage étant de préférence alternées. Afin de pallier le risque de corrosion galvanique, il a été prévu de réaliser les plis extérieurs avec des fibres de verre.This resulted in a hollow wick 2, obtained by combining two techniques for using composite materials: filament winding and draping, and using a mandrel whose section evolves. gradually, in an intermediate zone, from the circular shape to the polygonal shape. In terms of reinforcements, the choice was made on carbon fibers, which are cheaper than more efficient aramid or boron fibers, oriented obliquely, for example at + and -45 ° by filament winding, and longitudinally at 0 °. by draping, the winding and draping operations are preferably alternated. In order to mitigate the risk of galvanic corrosion, it was planned to make the outer folds with glass fibers.

Comme déjà mentionné, la mèche 2 est finalisée par collage de l'embout 7 dans son extrémité inférieure et de bagues 9 pour la rotation dans les paliers P.As already mentioned, the drill bit 2 is finalized by bonding the end piece 7 in its lower end and rings 9 for rotation in the bearings P.

L'aiguillot 3 est essentiellement, mais fortement sollicité en cisaillement, ce qui a conduit à le concevoir sous la forme d'un cylindre plein, avec des fibres orientées longitudinalement. Un moyen simple et économique de le fabriquer consiste en un compactage de baguettes ou joncs en composite verre-résine pultrudé, dans une résine à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques. On réalise ensuite une enveloppe par drapage pour obtenir sa forme finale.The spur 3 is essentially, but highly stressed in shear, which has led to design it in the form of a solid cylinder, with fibers oriented longitudinally. A simple and economical way to manufacture it consists of compacting rods or rods in glass-pultruded resin composite, in a resin with high mechanical characteristics. An envelope is then produced by draping to obtain its final shape.

L'aiguillot 3 s'engage dans une cavité cylindrique 10 ménagée dans le corps de l'aileron 1, Fig. 4. Comme pour la mèche 2, une liaison métallique est prévue pour le fixer à l'aileron, soit un embout 11 collé à son extrémité inférieure, se clavetant dans une bague 12 insérée dans le corps de l'aileron 1. Cette liaison est visible aux Figs. 4, 5. On y remarque que l'on a donné à la bague 12 une forme extérieure carrée afin d'obtenir une bonne immobilisation dans le corps de l'aileron 1 qui peut être de la mousse syntactique dans cette zone.The spur 3 engages in a cylindrical cavity 10 formed in the body of the fin 1, FIG. 4. As for wick 2, a metal connection is provided to fix it to the fin, that is to say an end piece 11 glued to its lower end, keyed into a ring 12 inserted in the body of the fin 1. This connection is visible in Figs. 4, 5. It is noted there that the ring 12 has been given a square external shape in order to obtain good immobilization in the body of the fin 1 which may be syntactic foam in this area.

Un autre aspect important de l'invention réside dans la conception de la structure de l'aileron 1 qui doit avoir une résistance satisfaisante en compression et en flexion. L'aileron 1 peut être constitué, pour l'essentiel, d'une enveloppe en matériaux de type sandwich avec une âme en nid d'abeille, ou bien d'un bloc usiné en nid d'abeille recouvert d'une enveloppe en composite verre-résine, ou bien de deux demi-coquilles que l'on vient coller sur un réseau de raidisseurs monolithiques, le matériau de remplissage étant de la mousse syntactique, ou bien encore d'un assemblage de pièces en composites verre-résine avec également de la mousse syntactique de remplissage.Another important aspect of the invention resides in the design of the structure of the fin 1 which must have a satisfactory resistance in compression and in bending. The fin 1 may essentially consist of an envelope made of sandwich type materials with a honeycomb core, or else of a machined honeycomb block covered with a composite envelope. glass-resin, or two half-shells that have just been bonded to a network of monolithic stiffeners, the filling material being syntactic foam, or even an assembly of glass-resin composite parts with also syntactic foam filling.

Toutefois, dans une forme de réalisation préférée, illustrée aux Figs. 6 à 8, l'aileron 1 comprend, en plus du caisson 4 servant à la liaison avec la mèche 2, une pluralité de caissons collés entre eux, et dont l'ensemble a une forme proche de sa forme finale. Ces caissons sont disposés de telle façon que les interfaces de colle soient sollicités en cisaillement. Ce sont avantageusement des blocs de mousse usinés recouverts d'une enveloppe en composite verre-résine. La mousse utilisée est par exemple une mousse de haute densité à base de Polychlorure de vinyle. Lorsque les caissons sont assemblés, on obtient une structure dans laquelle les parois adjacentes collées forment autant de raidisseurs. A la Fig. 6, le safran comprend deux caissons supérieurs superposés 13 et 14, collés par un de leurs côtés à l'ensemble d'une face latérale du caisson 4 recevant la mèche 2, Fig. 7, un caisson intermédiaire 15 collé sous le caisson 14 et trois caissons inférieurs juxtaposés 16 à 18, dont deux, 16 et 17, sont collés par leur face supérieure au dessous du caisson intermédiaire 15. Bien entendu, le nombre et la disposition des caissons sont déterminés en fonction de la forme de l'aileron et de la façon dont il est sollicité.However, in a preferred embodiment, illustrated in Figs. 6 to 8, the fin 1 comprises, in addition to the box 4 serving for the connection with the wick 2, a plurality of boxes glued together, and the whole of which has a shape close to its final shape. These boxes are arranged in such a way that the glue interfaces are stressed in shear. These are advantageously machined foam blocks covered with a glass-resin composite envelope. The foam used is for example a high density foam based on polyvinyl chloride. When the boxes are assembled, a structure is obtained in which the adjacent glued walls form as many stiffeners. In Fig. 6, the rudder comprises two superimposed upper boxes 13 and 14, glued by one of their sides to the assembly of a side face of the box 4 receiving the wick 2, FIG. 7, an intermediate box 15 glued under the box 14 and three juxtaposed lower boxes 16 to 18, two of which, 16 and 17, are glued by their upper face below the intermediate box 15. Of course, the number and the arrangement of the boxes are determined based on the shape of the fin and how it is stressed.

Pour obtenir la forme finale de l'aileron, les caissons assemblés sont ensuite introduit dans un moule où ils sont enrobés d'une mousse repérée en 19, avantageusement de la mousse syntactique, recouverte d'une enveloppe 20 en composite verre-résine.To obtain the final shape of the fin, the assembled boxes are then introduced into a mold where they are coated with a foam identified in 19, advantageously syntactic foam, covered with an envelope 20 of glass-resin composite.

Cette conception de l'aileron 1 permet d'obtenir une excellente continuité dans la structure et a comme autre avantage de ne faire appel qu'à des techniques de fabrication simples et bien maîtrisées.This design of the fin 1 makes it possible to obtain excellent continuity in the structure and has the other advantage of using only simple and well mastered manufacturing techniques.

L'invention qui vient d'être décrite est directement applicable à la réalisation de safrans de stabilisation. S'agissant de safrans pour sous-marins, elle nécessite une simple adaptation quand au choix des matériaux pour l'aileron - plus spécialement les mousses - en fonction de leurs caractéristiques de résistance à la pression. Notamment dans cette application aux sous-marins, l'invention est d'un grand intérêt en ce qu'elle procure un gain de poids très substantiel, puisque supérieur à 70 %, comparé aux versions métalliques actuelles. Le gain est également réel du point de vue du coût de fabrication, et surtout du point de vue de l'entretien, du fait de la quasi-disparition des pièces métalliques, et par conséquent des risques de corrosion.The invention which has just been described is directly applicable to the production of stabilizing rudders. In the case of rudders for submarines, it requires a simple adaptation when the choice of materials for the fin - more especially the foams - according to their characteristics of resistance to pressure. In particular in this application to submarines, the invention is of great interest in that it provides a very substantial weight gain, since it is greater than 70%, compared to current metal versions. The gain is also real from the point of view of manufacturing cost, and especially from the point of view of maintenance, due to the virtual disappearance of metal parts, and consequently the risks of corrosion.

Claims (18)

  1. A fin including a blade (1) adjustable about a main-piece (2), characterized in that blade (1) and main-piece (2) are of composite materials, and that the lower section of the main-piece has a polygonal section that can be engaged in a box section (4) of a corresponding sectional size forming part of the structure of blade (1) in such a way that they are mutually locked in rotation, while box structure (4) is assembled onto the remainder of blade structure (1) by a connection over the totality of at least one of its side faces.
  2. A fin according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of blade (2) and box section (4) have a hexagonal section.
  3. A fin according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that box section (4) is of a glass-resin composite.
  4. A fin according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that main-piece (2) is obtained by combining techniques of filament winding and draping.
  5. A fin according to Claim 4, characterized in that main-piece (2) includes fibers oriented at + and -45° and fibers oriented at 0° with respect to its longitudinal axis.
  6. A fin according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that main-piece (2) includes carbon fibers.
  7. A fin according to Claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcements of the outer pies of the main-piece (2) are glass fibers.
  8. A fin according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it includes a needle (3) also made of composite material, consisting of pultruded glass-resin composite sections, compacted and bound together by resin.
  9. A fin according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that box section (4), designed to accommodate the lower end of main-piece (2) is part of a multi-box-section structure.
  10. A fin according to Claim 9, characterized in that the other box sections are connected to one another by the bonding of their adjacent walls, while the arrangement of the box sections is such that the main efforts on the interfaces of the adhesive are shearing efforts.
  11. A fin according to Claim 10, a steering fin, characterized in that it includes at least two superimposed box structures (13, 14) bonded together, and each bonded to box structure (4) providing interconnection with main-piece (2) by one of their side faces.
  12. A fin according to Claim 11, characterized in that it includes, in addition, box structure (16 to 18) that are adjacent and bonded together and bonded to the upper box sections by at least the upper face of one of them.
  13. A fin according to Claim 12, characterized in that it includes three upper box sections (13 to 15) that are superimposed, and three adjacent lower-box structures (16 to 18).
  14. A fin according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that said multi-box structure is coated with syntactic foam (19).
  15. A fin according to claim 14, characterized in that in includes, in addition, an outer envelope (20) of glass-resin composite.
  16. A fin according to one of Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the bodies of box sections other than box section (4) are of foam blocks.
  17. A fin according to Claim 16, characterized in that the foam forming the body of the box structures is high-density polyvinyl choride foam.
  18. A fin according to Claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said blocks are lined with a glass-resin composite envelope.
EP93401792A 1992-07-16 1993-07-08 Rudder blades for medium and large sized ships Expired - Lifetime EP0579533B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR929208769A FR2693701B1 (en) 1992-07-16 1992-07-16 Safran for medium and large tonnage ships.
FR9208769 1992-07-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0579533A1 EP0579533A1 (en) 1994-01-19
EP0579533B1 true EP0579533B1 (en) 1995-03-01

Family

ID=9431936

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93401792A Expired - Lifetime EP0579533B1 (en) 1992-07-16 1993-07-08 Rudder blades for medium and large sized ships

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0579533B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69300070T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2071532T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2693701B1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG150422A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-30 Becker Marine Sys Gmbh & Co Kg Rudder for ships
CN102844236A (en) * 2010-03-23 2012-12-26 万德维登巴克米尔公司 Rudder for marine vessels
TWI481529B (en) * 2011-10-17 2015-04-21 Becker Marine Sys Gmbh & Co Kg Device for manoeuvring a watercraft and manufacturing method thereof

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202005013583U1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2005-11-03 Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Rudder stock for water craft, has end sections made of wrought iron, and middle stock section connected with end sections and made of carbon fibrous composite or graphite fibers, which form middle stock section in the form of windings
DE102009022989A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-14 Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg rudder
DE102009033163A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-11-04 Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg rudder fin
EP3489128A1 (en) * 2017-11-28 2019-05-29 Becker Marine Systems GmbH Blade of an oar with modular structure, segment for a blade of an oar for a device for improving propulsion and method for producing a blade of an oar
EP4081381A4 (en) * 2019-12-23 2023-12-06 Michigan Wheel Marine wake adapted rudder assembly

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE953498C (en) * 1953-08-19 1956-11-29 Hermann Heinrich Betke Dipl In Hollow rudder
DE1272510B (en) * 1962-07-16 1968-07-11 Fritz Becker Rod-shaped component made of bundled, glued, fiber-reinforced plastic pipes
FR2125111B1 (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-02-15 Aerospatiale
FR2272892A1 (en) * 1974-05-28 1975-12-26 Wassmer Aviat Aircraft wings with glass reinforced polyester resin components - to reduce costs compared with use of epoxy resins
GB2231853B (en) * 1989-04-12 1993-02-17 Howlett Ian C Rudder construction with integral stock

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG150422A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-30 Becker Marine Sys Gmbh & Co Kg Rudder for ships
CN102844236A (en) * 2010-03-23 2012-12-26 万德维登巴克米尔公司 Rudder for marine vessels
CN102844236B (en) * 2010-03-23 2015-11-25 万德维登巴克米尔公司 For the rudder of ship
TWI481529B (en) * 2011-10-17 2015-04-21 Becker Marine Sys Gmbh & Co Kg Device for manoeuvring a watercraft and manufacturing method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2693701A1 (en) 1994-01-21
FR2693701B1 (en) 1994-09-02
EP0579533A1 (en) 1994-01-19
DE69300070T2 (en) 1995-07-20
DE69300070D1 (en) 1995-04-06
ES2071532T3 (en) 1995-06-16

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