EP0565990A1 - Steel mould, specially for metal casting in permanent moulds - Google Patents
Steel mould, specially for metal casting in permanent moulds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0565990A1 EP0565990A1 EP93105637A EP93105637A EP0565990A1 EP 0565990 A1 EP0565990 A1 EP 0565990A1 EP 93105637 A EP93105637 A EP 93105637A EP 93105637 A EP93105637 A EP 93105637A EP 0565990 A1 EP0565990 A1 EP 0565990A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- steel
- mold according
- pins
- cooling system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/065—Cooling or heating equipment for moulds
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mold made of steel, in particular highly heat-resistant hot working steel for metal casting in the permanent molding process.
- cooling channels in steel molds for aluminum casting through which a cooling medium can flow in order to shorten the casting cycle and to avoid hot spots in the area of cast part thickening as far as possible.
- These cooling channels usually machined through holes from the rear into the solid mold steel, are always at a greater distance from the mold surface (at least 20 - 30 mm) to avoid cracks and breakthroughs due to local, thermally induced stresses.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a permanent mold made of steel, in particular for metal casting such as aluminum die casting, in which the disadvantages of the known molds are not present, the risk of cracking the mold is significantly reduced and the working cycle is shortened by at least 30% can be.
- the solution to the problem is that the steel mold is tight beneath the surface has a network-like cooling system that extends under the entire mold contour and follows the mold surface as closely as possible and is made of a good heat-conducting material with a melting point above 950 ° C.
- This cooling system in turn consists of two spatial subsystems, on the one hand consisting of the heat conduction system starting just below the mold surface, advantageously consisting of pins, tubes or slotted jacket elements arranged perpendicular to the surface, these cooling receptors being a distance from the finished mold surface of one to three times their value Thickness and an effective total length between three and ten times their thickness.
- This heat conduction system advantageously consists of copper and is firmly connected to the second subsystem, the cooling pipe system, by soldering or welding.
- the cooling pipe system removes the heat extracted from the mold by heat conduction through the cooling medium flowing in the cooling pipes and is located approximately 20 to 30 mm from the mold surface, so that cracks or breakthroughs do not occur.
- the heat conduction system must be embedded in the steel mold without cavities and, due to the cooling receptors arranged as close as possible to one another, leads to high heat dissipation from the hot steel mold surface in the rear region of the steel mold to the cooling pipe system.
- an artificial crack network is introduced into the steel mold surface, consisting of a film resistant to 950 ° C. with a minimum thickness of 0.05 mm and a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm , which surrounds the cooling receptors in a meandering or honeycomb shape directly from the surface and extends vertically to a depth of at most 20 mm.
- This foil advantageously consists of copper.
- the advantage of the mold according to the invention is that the casting cycle can be shortened considerably, for example from 75 seconds to 45 seconds, which results in an extraordinary improvement and nevertheless the risk of cracking the mold is considerably reduced.
- slotted jacket elements e.g. use a slotted cylinder jacket made of copper 22.
- Such an arrangement is particularly suitable for elongated steel mold inserts, whether cylindrical, ring-shaped or pocket-shaped.
- a cooling pipe system 23 is in turn connected to the heat conduction jacket.
- a cooling system is prefabricated and then processed by powder metallurgy to a steel mold blank, which is then finished in a known manner to a steel mold or a steel mold insert, for example by machining.
- the cooling system is fixed in a container or on a solid base and provided with fixed points in such a way that the distance of the cooling receptors from the mold surface to be finished later can be kept as precisely as possible.
- a heat-resistant base (negative mold) corresponding to the shape contour is used in order to come as close as possible to the final shape in the powder-metallurgical production of the steel mold.
- the head of the pins or tubes or jacket elements 12 can be chamfered, rounded or pointed, depending on the requirements placed on the shape.
- the jacket inserts can be slotted, perforated or otherwise interrupted geometrically in order to keep the separation effect in the steel mold insert low.
- thermocouple Fig. 5/23 is placed in the steel mold just below the mold surface at suitable points arranged. This thermocouple is used as a sheathed thermocouple in the powder metallurgical manufacturing together with the cooling system in the manufacturing process.
- the invention can be used wherever steel is subjected to higher temperatures and the heat must be supplied or removed in a controlled manner. Examples are steel molds in the die casting process, gravity and low pressure die casting processes, in the plastic injection molding process and in die forging.
- the invention can also be used for the areas of a pouring system, e.g. the filling chamber of a die casting machine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Form aus Stahl, insbesondere hochhitzebeständigem Warmarbeitsstahl für Metallguß im Dauerformverfahren.The invention relates to a mold made of steel, in particular highly heat-resistant hot working steel for metal casting in the permanent molding process.
Es ist bekannt, in Stahlformen für Aluminiumguß Kanäle einzuarbeiten, durch die ein Kühlmedium fließen kann, um den Gießzyklus zu verkürzen und heiße Stellen im Bereich von Gußteilverdickungen möglichst zu vermeiden. Diese Kühlkanäle, in der Regel durch Bohrungen von der rückwärtigen Seite in den massiven Formenstahl eingearbeitet, befinden sich immer in einem größeren Abstand zur Formoberfläche (mindestens 20 - 30 mm), um Risse und Durchbrüche infolge lokaler, thermisch induzierter Spannungen zu vermeiden.It is known to incorporate channels in steel molds for aluminum casting through which a cooling medium can flow in order to shorten the casting cycle and to avoid hot spots in the area of cast part thickening as far as possible. These cooling channels, usually machined through holes from the rear into the solid mold steel, are always at a greater distance from the mold surface (at least 20 - 30 mm) to avoid cracks and breakthroughs due to local, thermally induced stresses.
Durch diese verhältnismäßig große Entfernung der Kühlkanäle von der heißen Formoberfläche kann nur ein kleinerer Anteil der beim Gießen durch das flüssige Metall eingebrachten Wärme über eine Wärmeableitung durch die Stahlform abgeführt werden, weshalb in der Fertigungspraxis die Wärmeabfuhr nach dem Öffnen der Gießform und der Gußteilentnahme hauptsächlich durch Sprühwasser direkt auf die Formkonturen erfolgt. Die dabei notwendigerweise entstehenden thermischen Spannungen führen infolge der sich beim Dauerformguß ständig wiederholenden Gießzyklen zu Ermüdungsrissen in der Stahlformoberfläche und so zur Verkürzung der Lebensdauer der Gießform. In vielen Fällen muß schon nach 20.000 Abgüssen eine Stahlform oder ein Teil der Stahlform erneuert werden.Due to this relatively large distance of the cooling channels from the hot mold surface, only a small proportion of the heat introduced during casting by the liquid metal can be dissipated via heat dissipation through the steel mold, which is why, in manufacturing practice, heat dissipation after opening the mold and removing the cast part is mainly carried out Spray water takes place directly on the shape contours. The thermal stresses that arise necessarily lead to fatigue cracks in the surface of the steel mold as a result of the constantly repeated casting cycles in permanent mold casting and thus to a shortening of the life of the mold. In many cases, a steel mold or part of the steel mold has to be replaced after just 20,000 castings.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Dauerform aus Stahl insbesondere für Metall-Formguß wie Aluminium-Druckguß zu schaffen, bei der die Nachteile der bekannten Formen nicht vorhanden sind, die Rißgefahr der Form wesentlich herabgesetzt ist und der Arbeitszyklus um mindestens 30 % verkürzt werden kann.The present invention has for its object to provide a permanent mold made of steel, in particular for metal casting such as aluminum die casting, in which the disadvantages of the known molds are not present, the risk of cracking the mold is significantly reduced and the working cycle is shortened by at least 30% can be.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe besteht darin, daß die Stahlform dicht unter der Oberfläche ein netzwerkartig aufgebautes, sich unter der gesamten Formkontur erstreckendes und möglichst genau der Formoberfläche folgendes Kühlsystem aus einem gut wärmeleitenden Material mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 950 °C besitzt. Dieses Kühlsystem besteht wiederum aus zwei räumlichen Teilsystemen, und zwar zum einen aus dem dicht unter der Formoberfläche beginnenden Wärmeleitungssystem, vorteilhafterweise aus senkrecht zur Oberfläche angeordneten Stiften, Röhrchen oder geschlitzten Mantelelementen bestehend, wobei diese Kühlrezeptoren einen Abstand zur fertigbearbeiteten Formoberfläche vom einfachen bis dreifachen Wert ihrer Dicke und eine wirksame Gesamtlänge zwischen dem Dreifachen und Zehnfachen ihrer Dicke besitzen.The solution to the problem is that the steel mold is tight beneath the surface has a network-like cooling system that extends under the entire mold contour and follows the mold surface as closely as possible and is made of a good heat-conducting material with a melting point above 950 ° C. This cooling system in turn consists of two spatial subsystems, on the one hand consisting of the heat conduction system starting just below the mold surface, advantageously consisting of pins, tubes or slotted jacket elements arranged perpendicular to the surface, these cooling receptors being a distance from the finished mold surface of one to three times their value Thickness and an effective total length between three and ten times their thickness.
Dieses Wärmeleitungssystem besteht vorteilhafterweise aus Kupfer und ist mit dem zweiten Teilsystem, dem Kühlrohrsystem, fest verbunden durch Löten oder Schweißen. Das Kühlrohrsystem führt die über Wärmeleitung der Form entzogene Wärme durch das in den Kühlrohren fließende Kühlmedium ab und befindet sich etwa 20 bis 30 mm von der Formoberfläche entfernt, so daß Risse oder Durchbrüche nicht eintreten.This heat conduction system advantageously consists of copper and is firmly connected to the second subsystem, the cooling pipe system, by soldering or welding. The cooling pipe system removes the heat extracted from the mold by heat conduction through the cooling medium flowing in the cooling pipes and is located approximately 20 to 30 mm from the mold surface, so that cracks or breakthroughs do not occur.
Das Wärmeleitsystem muß zur Vermeidung von durchgehenden Spannungsrissen hohlraumfrei in die Stahlform eingebettet sein und führt aufgrund der möglichst in geringem Abstand zueinander angeordneten Kühlrezeptoren zu einer hohen Wärmeabfuhr von der heißen Stahlformoberfläche in den hinteren Bereich der Stahlform zum Kühlrohrsystem. Für die weitere Verminderung thermischer Spannungen in Oberflächennähe wird bei der vorliegenden Erfindung zusätzlich zum obigen Wärmeleitungssystem ein künstliches Rißnetzwerk in die Stahlformoberfläche eingebracht, bestehend aus einer bis 950 °C beständigen Folie mit einer Mindestdicke von 0,05 mm und einer Höchstdicke von 0,5 mm, die mäanderförmig oder wabenförmig die Kühlrezeptoren umschließend direkt von der Oberfläche ausgehend sich senkrecht bis zu einer Tiefe von höchstens 20 mm erstreckt. Vorteilhafterweise besteht diese Folie aus Kupfer.To avoid continuous stress cracks, the heat conduction system must be embedded in the steel mold without cavities and, due to the cooling receptors arranged as close as possible to one another, leads to high heat dissipation from the hot steel mold surface in the rear region of the steel mold to the cooling pipe system. For the further reduction of thermal stresses near the surface, in the present invention, in addition to the above heat conduction system, an artificial crack network is introduced into the steel mold surface, consisting of a film resistant to 950 ° C. with a minimum thickness of 0.05 mm and a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm , which surrounds the cooling receptors in a meandering or honeycomb shape directly from the surface and extends vertically to a depth of at most 20 mm. This foil advantageously consists of copper.
Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Form besteht darin, daß der Gießzyklus erheblich verkürzt werden kann, beispielsweise von 75 Sek. auf 45 Sek., was eine außerordentliche Verbesserung ergibt und trotzdem die Rißgefahr der Form erheblich vermindert wird.The advantage of the mold according to the invention is that the casting cycle can be shortened considerably, for example from 75 seconds to 45 seconds, which results in an extraordinary improvement and nevertheless the risk of cracking the mold is considerably reduced.
In den Zeichnungen ist eine beispielsweise Ausbildungsform der Erfindung dargestellt und zwar zeigt
- Fig. 1
- einen Ausschnitt aus einer Form
- Fig. 2
- einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Fig. 1
- Fig. 3
- eine Draufsicht auf die Stifteanordnung mit Mäanderfolienanordnung
- Fig. 4
- eine Draufsicht auf die Stifteanordnung mit Wabenfolienanordnung
- Fig. 5
- Schnittdarstellungen aus einem Stahlformteil mit geschlitztem Kupfermantel
- Fig. 1
- a section of a shape
- Fig. 2
- an enlarged section of FIG. 1st
- Fig. 3
- a plan view of the pin arrangement with meander foil arrangement
- Fig. 4
- a plan view of the pin arrangement with honeycomb film arrangement
- Fig. 5
- Sectional representations from a molded steel part with a slotted copper jacket
Nach Fig. 5 kann man als Wärmeleitungssystem auch geschlitzte Mantelelemente, z.B. einen geschlitzten Zylindermantel aus Kupfer 22 verwenden. Besonders geeignet ist eine solche Anordnung für langgestreckte Stahlformeinsätze, ob nun zylindrisch, ringförmig oder auch taschenförmig. An den Wärmeleitungsmantel ist wiederum ein Kühlrohrsystem 23 angebunden.According to Fig. 5, slotted jacket elements, e.g. use a slotted cylinder jacket made of
Zur Herstellung der Form nach der Erfindung wird ein Kühlsystem vorgefertigt und anschließend auf pulvermetallurgischem Wege zu einem Stahlformrohling bearbeitet, der dann in bekannter Weise zu einer Stahlform oder einem Stahlformeinsatz, beispielsweise durch spanende Bearbeitung, fertiggestellt wird.To produce the mold according to the invention, a cooling system is prefabricated and then processed by powder metallurgy to a steel mold blank, which is then finished in a known manner to a steel mold or a steel mold insert, for example by machining.
Das Kühlsystem ist zur Herstellung der Stahlform so in einem Behälter oder auf einer festen Unterlage fixiert und mit Fixpunkten versehen, daß der Abstand der Kühlrezeptoren von der später fertig zu bearbeitenden Formoberfläche möglichst genau eingehalten werden kann. Vorteilhafterweise verwendet man eine der Formkontur entsprechende hochwarmfeste Unterlage (Negativform), um bei der pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung der Stahlform der endgültigen Form möglichst nahezukommen.For the production of the steel mold, the cooling system is fixed in a container or on a solid base and provided with fixed points in such a way that the distance of the cooling receptors from the mold surface to be finished later can be kept as precisely as possible. Advantageously, a heat-resistant base (negative mold) corresponding to the shape contour is used in order to come as close as possible to the final shape in the powder-metallurgical production of the steel mold.
Der Kopf der Stifte oder Röhrchen oder Mantelelemente 12 kann angefast, abgerundet oder zugespitzt sein, je nach den Anforderungen, die an die Form gestellt werden. Die Manteleinsätze können geschlitzt, gelocht oder in anderer Weise geometrisch unterbrochen werden, um die Trennungswirkung im Stahlformeinsatz gering zu halten.The head of the pins or tubes or
Um die Kühlwasserzufuhr und damit die Temperaturverhältnisse steuern und regeln zu können, wird an geeigneten Stellen ein Thermoelement Fig. 5/23 in der Stahlform dicht unter der Formoberfläche angeordnet. Dieses Thermoelement wird als Mantelthermoelement bei der pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung zusammen mit dem Kühlsystem in den Herstellungsvorgang einbezogen.In order to be able to control and regulate the cooling water supply and thus the temperature conditions, a thermocouple Fig. 5/23 is placed in the steel mold just below the mold surface at suitable points arranged. This thermocouple is used as a sheathed thermocouple in the powder metallurgical manufacturing together with the cooling system in the manufacturing process.
Die Erfindung kann überall da eingesetzt werden, wo Stahl auf höhere Temperaturen beansprucht wird und die Wärme gesteuert zugeführt oder abgeführt werden muß. Beispiele sind Gießformen aus Stahl im Druckgießverfahren, Schwerkraft- und Niederdruck-Kokillengießverfahren, im Kunststoffspritzgießverfahren und beim Gesenkschmieden. Ebenso kann die Erfindung für die Bereiche eines Eingießsystems, wie z.B. der Füllkammer einer Druckgießmaschine, verwendet werden.The invention can be used wherever steel is subjected to higher temperatures and the heat must be supplied or removed in a controlled manner. Examples are steel molds in the die casting process, gravity and low pressure die casting processes, in the plastic injection molding process and in die forging. The invention can also be used for the areas of a pouring system, e.g. the filling chamber of a die casting machine.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4212787 | 1992-04-16 | ||
DE4212787A DE4212787A1 (en) | 1992-04-16 | 1992-04-16 | Steel mold, especially for permanent metal molds |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0565990A1 true EP0565990A1 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
Family
ID=6456979
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93105637A Withdrawn EP0565990A1 (en) | 1992-04-16 | 1993-04-06 | Steel mould, specially for metal casting in permanent moulds |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5363900A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0565990A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4212787A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU9301117D0 (en) |
PL (1) | PL298500A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104985125A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-21 | 陈文建 | Forging method for high-speed steel |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4439984C1 (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 1996-03-21 | Gerhard Dr Ing Betz | A durable moulding die for metal, plastic and glass having good thermal shock, erosion and abrasion resistance |
EP0711615B1 (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 2001-12-19 | Gerhard Dr. Betz | Permanent mould for metal-, plastic- and glass casting |
US7063453B2 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2006-06-20 | Xaloy, Inc. | Enhanced thermal conduction in apparatus for plasticating resinous material |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4729419A (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1988-03-08 | Kubota Ltd. | Mold and manufacturing method for hollow cast product with bottom |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2255644B2 (en) * | 1972-11-14 | 1975-01-09 | Karl Schmidt Gmbh, 7107 Neckarsulm | Method and mold for casting piston blanks |
SU839682A1 (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-06-23 | Волжское Объединение По Производствулегковых Автомобилей | Apparatus for cooling casting moulds |
SU831305A1 (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1981-05-23 | Запорожский Проектно-Конструкторский Итехнологический Институт | Permanent casting mould |
JPS62117716A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-05-29 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Mold and temperature controlling thereof |
JPH0622838B2 (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1994-03-30 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Injection mold |
JPH0241760A (en) * | 1988-07-31 | 1990-02-09 | Asahi Tec Corp | Cooler for casting mold |
JPH0688122B2 (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1994-11-09 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Injection molding equipment |
-
1992
- 1992-04-16 DE DE4212787A patent/DE4212787A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-04-06 EP EP93105637A patent/EP0565990A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-04-14 PL PL29850093A patent/PL298500A1/en unknown
- 1993-04-16 HU HU9301117A patent/HU9301117D0/en unknown
- 1993-04-16 US US08/048,813 patent/US5363900A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4729419A (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1988-03-08 | Kubota Ltd. | Mold and manufacturing method for hollow cast product with bottom |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
KUNSTSTOFFE Bd. 67, Nr. 7, Juli 1977, MüNCHEN, DE Seite 391 'Hilfsmittel zum Innenk}hlen von Werkzeugstiften' * |
PLASTVERARBEITER Bd. 31, Nr. 8, August 1980, SPEYER AM RHEIN, DE Seiten 461 - 465 REDAKTIONAUSZUG AUS DEM FACHBUCH "GRUNDZ]GE DER SPRITZGIESSTECHNIK", 5. AUFLAGE 'Ausf}hrung von Strömungskan{len f}r Temperier-Medien in Sprietzgiesswerkzeugen' * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104985125A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-21 | 陈文建 | Forging method for high-speed steel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU9301117D0 (en) | 1993-08-30 |
US5363900A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
DE4212787A1 (en) | 1993-10-21 |
PL298500A1 (en) | 1994-02-21 |
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