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EP0559068A1 - Net, particularly gap maintaining net, surface protecting net or such-like - Google Patents

Net, particularly gap maintaining net, surface protecting net or such-like Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0559068A1
EP0559068A1 EP93102899A EP93102899A EP0559068A1 EP 0559068 A1 EP0559068 A1 EP 0559068A1 EP 93102899 A EP93102899 A EP 93102899A EP 93102899 A EP93102899 A EP 93102899A EP 0559068 A1 EP0559068 A1 EP 0559068A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strands
net
plane
outer strands
planes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93102899A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0559068B1 (en
Inventor
Hartwig Basse
Hans-Joachim Bittner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH
Original Assignee
Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH filed Critical Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH
Publication of EP0559068A1 publication Critical patent/EP0559068A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0559068B1 publication Critical patent/EP0559068B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04G—MAKING NETS BY KNOTTING OF FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; MAKING KNOTTED CARPETS OR TAPESTRIES; KNOTTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D04G1/00—Making nets by knotting of filamentary material
    • D04G1/02—Making nets by knotting of filamentary material in machines
    • D04G1/08—Making nets by knotting of filamentary material in machines using two series of threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • B21F27/20—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of plaster-carrying network
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
    • Y10T428/24091—Strand or strand-portions with additional layer[s]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
    • Y10T428/24091—Strand or strand-portions with additional layer[s]
    • Y10T428/24099—On each side of strands or strand-portions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a network, in particular a spacer network, surface protection network or the like, with intersecting strands.
  • the networks mentioned here are mainly used as spacer networks or surface protection networks. These consist of two layers of intersecting strands. For the secure packaging of goods or the spacing of objects, the network must have a certain thickness, which is achieved in known networks of this type by the correspondingly large dimensioning of the cross section of the strands. These networks require a lot of material. In addition, they have very limited suspension properties.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a network of the type described above, which has the requirements placed in particular on spacer networks or surface protection networks.
  • the object is achieved in that the strands of the network are arranged in three different levels and the strands of two levels are rectified.
  • a relatively large network thickness with a small cross-section (minimal material expenditure) of the individual strands is achieved and the suspension properties of the network are improved.
  • the strands of two outer planes preferably run parallel to one another so that the outer strands do not cross one another, thereby avoiding partial differences in the thickness of the network.
  • the outer strands of the outer planes are offset parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the strands (inner strands) of the middle plane. This results in surprisingly good suspension properties of the network.
  • the inner strands are elastically deformable in such a way that the outer strands are movable in the direction of the central plane of the inner strands. If the outer strands are acted upon in the direction of the middle plane and thus the inner strands, the outer strands move to a certain extent into the middle plane or between the inner strands.
  • the good elastic properties of the net are based on the associated elastic deformation of at least the inner strands, which ultimately ensures good upholstery of the goods encased thereby or the distance between two objects separated by the net can be changed.
  • the suspension properties of the network depend in particular on the distance by which the outer strands of different outer planes are offset from one another in the longitudinal direction of the inner strands, which is why the distance is precisely defined in accordance with the invention. It applies that the suspension is the harder, the smaller the distance between outer strands of different levels.
  • the suspension of the net is particularly soft. Of course, this applies in particular if the distances between adjacent outer strands are the same in both outer planes.
  • the net in particular plates of latent heat storage.
  • the latter change their thickness as a result of temperature fluctuations, and the resulting changes in the mutual spacing of the plates can be compensated for by the network according to the invention, by virtue of its configuration according to the invention being able to change its thickness elastically to the extent necessary.
  • a network 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has three different levels 11, 12, 13, which are indicated by dash-dotted lines in the figures. These levels 11, 12, 13 extend parallel to one another, one of the outer levels 11, 13 being arranged on opposite sides of the middle level 12.
  • inner strands 14 extend essentially parallel and with a uniform mutual spacing in the middle plane 12
  • outer strands 15, 16 which run in the same direction are arranged in the outer planes 11, 13.
  • the outer strands 15, 16 intersect with the inner strands 14, preferably at an angle less than or greater than 90 °, in particular 75 °.
  • the outer strands 15, 16 are connected to the inner strands 14 at the crossing points.
  • the outer strands 15, 16 are distributed over the outer levels 11, 13.
  • the outer strands 15 in the plane 11 run in the same way as the outer strands 16 in the plane 13.
  • the inner strands 14 and outer strands 15, 16 have the same distance.
  • the outer strands 15 and 16 of the different outer levels 11 and 13 are aligned in parallel.
  • the inner strands 14 as well as the outer strands 15, 16 have an essentially straight course, which is expedient for manufacturing reasons, but also with regard to the mechanical properties of the network 10.
  • the network 10 When the network 10 is loaded by tension in the direction of the outer strands 15, 16 or inner strands 14, this has good stability.
  • the parallel outer strands 15, 16 of the different outer planes 11, 13 are arranged offset to one another in the longitudinal direction of the inner strands 14. This is of particular importance for the suspension properties of the net 10. If a force is applied to the outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11 in the direction of the plane 12, this results in a relative movement of the outer strands 15, 16 and a deformation of the inner strands 14. The outer strands 15, 16 move in the direction of the inner strands 14 with simultaneous elastic deformation of the inner strands 14, which assume an undulating course (FIGS. 3 and 5).
  • the relative movement of the network 10, 17 when the same is applied between two flat surfaces, not shown, can be seen.
  • the network 10, 17 is shown in an almost "blocked" position, in which the distance between the surfaces mentioned is equal to the sum of the diameters of two strands (inner strands 14 or outer strands 15, 16).
  • the suspension properties of the net 10 depend essentially on the distance by which the outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11 are offset from the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13. If the distance is small (see FIGS. 1 to 3), the suspension of the net 10 is relatively hard.
  • the suspension of a network 17 is soft.
  • the mutual distances of the outer strands 15 and 16 of the respective outer plane 11 and 13 are the same, but the outer plane 13 has twice the number of strands 16 compared to the outer plane 11.
  • the mutual distances between the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13 are such that two of the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13 are always arranged between two adjacent outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11.
  • Inner strands 14 are also deformed in a wave-like manner.
  • the deformation of the inner strands 14 around the outer strands 15 is, however, greater than the deformation of the inner strands 14 around the outer strands 16.
  • the suspension of the net 18 thus formed is harder than in the exemplary embodiments described above.
  • a network 19 shown in Fig. 7 the distances between the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13 are changed such that two of the outer strands 16 are alternately arranged between two of the adjacent outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11, while the outer plane 13 in the area between the next two outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11 is free of the outer strands 16.
  • This net 19 has partially different suspension properties, the suspension being harder where the outer strands 16 are arranged between the outer strands 15.
  • the outer strands 15 and outer strands 16 likewise run in the same direction or parallel to one another, but they are essentially congruent with one another and are therefore not offset in the longitudinal direction of the inner strands 14.
  • This net 20 has only low suspension properties. However, it enables a constant and relatively large distance between the goods or objects to be kept at a distance with a small cross-section of the individual outer strands 15, 16 and inner strands 14.
  • the outer strands 15, 16 and inner strands 14 of the nets 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 shown here preferably have circular and equally large cross sections.
  • the cross section of the inner strands 14 can, however, also be larger or smaller than that of the outer strands 15, 16 in order to change the suspension properties, the suspension being the harder the larger the cross section of the inner strands 14 and vice versa.
  • the outer strands 15, 16 and / or inner strands 14 can also have other cross sections (for example square, elliptical, etc.).
  • the networks 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are tubular.
  • the tubular nets 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 can easily be pulled onto the goods to be protected or the objects to be spaced apart, in particular plates.
  • the three-layer design of the nets provides reliable protection of the goods against damage.
  • the tubular nets 10, 17, 18 and 19, which are elastically variable in thickness, also offer good padding for the wrapped goods.
  • the elastic suspension properties serve to compensate for changes in the thickness of the heat storage plates caused by temperature changes. For this purpose, the nets 10, 17, 18 and 19 are compressed as the thickness of the heat storage plates increases.
  • the outer strands 15 and 16 of the two outer levels 11, 13 have such a grid that they always run adjacent to the corners or edges of the heat storage plates. This ensures a secure, slip-free hold of the tubular nets 10, 17, 18 and 19 on the heat storage plates.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)

Abstract

The net (10), particularly a gap-maintaining net, surface-protecting net or the like is characterised in that the strands (14, 15, 16) are arranged in three planes (11, 12, 13) and that the strands (15, 16) in two planes (11, 13) run in the same direction, thereby making it possible to achieve a sufficient thickness of the net (10) with a small cross-section of the individual strands (14, 15, 16) and hence a low expenditure of material. By virtue of the fact that the parallel strands (outer strands 15, 16) of the different outer planes (11, 13) are offset relative to one another in the direction of the inner strands (14), elastic deformation of the interposed strands (inner strands 14) is possible, resulting in very good cushioning and thickness-changing properties of the net (10). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Netz, insbesondere ein Abstandshalternetz, Oberflächenschutznetz oder dergleichen, mit sich kreuzenden Strängen.The invention relates to a network, in particular a spacer network, surface protection network or the like, with intersecting strands.

Die hier angesprochenen Netze werden vor allem als Abstandshalternetze oder Oberflächenschutznetze eingesetzt. Diese bestehen aus zwei Lagen sich kreuzender Stränge. Zur sicheren Verpackung von Waren oder der Beabstandung von Gegenständen muß das Netz eine bestimmte Dicke aufweisen, die bei bekannten Netzen dieser Art durch die entsprechende große Dimensionierung des Querschnitts der Stränge erreicht wird. Diese Netze erfordern einen hohen Materialaufwand. Außerdem weisen sie nur sehr begrenzte Federungseigenschaften auf.The networks mentioned here are mainly used as spacer networks or surface protection networks. These consist of two layers of intersecting strands. For the secure packaging of goods or the spacing of objects, the network must have a certain thickness, which is achieved in known networks of this type by the correspondingly large dimensioning of the cross section of the strands. These networks require a lot of material. In addition, they have very limited suspension properties.

Demgemäß liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Netz der eingangs beschriebenen Gattung zu schaffen, das die insbesondere an Abstandshalternetze oder Oberflächenschutznetze gestellten Anforderungen aufweist.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to provide a network of the type described above, which has the requirements placed in particular on spacer networks or surface protection networks.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Stränge des Netzes in drei unterschiedlichen Ebenen angeordnet sind und die Stränge zweier Ebenen gleichgerichtet sind. Hierdurch werden eine verhältnismäßig große Netzdicke mit geringem Querschnitt (minimaler Materialaufwand) der einzelnen Stränge erreicht und die Federungseigenschaften des Netzes verbessert.According to the invention the object is achieved in that the strands of the network are arranged in three different levels and the strands of two levels are rectified. As a result, a relatively large network thickness with a small cross-section (minimal material expenditure) of the individual strands is achieved and the suspension properties of the network are improved.

Vorzugsweise laufen die Stränge zweier außenliegenden Ebenen (Außenstränge) parallel zueinander, so daß sich die außenliegenden Stränge nicht kreuzen, wodurch partielle Dickenunterschiede des Netzes vermieden werden.The strands of two outer planes (outer strands) preferably run parallel to one another so that the outer strands do not cross one another, thereby avoiding partial differences in the thickness of the network.

In besonderer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Außenstränge der äußeren Ebenen in Längsrichtung der Stränge (Innenstränge) der mittleren Ebene parallel verlaufend zueinander versetzt. Hierdurch ergeben sich überraschend gute Federungseigenschaften des Netzes.In a special embodiment of the invention, the outer strands of the outer planes are offset parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the strands (inner strands) of the middle plane. This results in surprisingly good suspension properties of the network.

Vorteilhaft ist es, daß insbesondere die Innenstränge elastisch verformbar sind, derart, daß die Außenstränge in Richtung der mittleren Ebene der Innenstränge beweglich sind. Werden nämlich die Außenstränge in Richtung der mittleren Ebene und somit der Innenstränge mit Kraft beaufschlagt, so verschieben sich die Außenstränge gewissermaßen in die mittlere Ebene bzw. zwischen die Innenstränge. Auf der damit verbundenen elastischen Verformung mindestens der Innenstränge beruhen die guten Federungseigenschaften des Netzes, womit letztlich eine gute Polsterung der damit eingehüllten Waren gewährleistet ist bzw. der Abstand zweier durch das Netz getrennter Gegenstände veränderbar ist.It is advantageous that in particular the inner strands are elastically deformable in such a way that the outer strands are movable in the direction of the central plane of the inner strands. If the outer strands are acted upon in the direction of the middle plane and thus the inner strands, the outer strands move to a certain extent into the middle plane or between the inner strands. The good elastic properties of the net are based on the associated elastic deformation of at least the inner strands, which ultimately ensures good upholstery of the goods encased thereby or the distance between two objects separated by the net can be changed.

Die Federungseigenschaften des Netzes sind insbesondere abhängig von dem Abstand, um den die Außenstränge unterschiedlicher äußerer Ebenen in Längsrichtung der Innenstränge zueinander versetzt sind, weshalb der Abstand nach Maßgabe der Erfindung exakt definiert ist. Dabei gilt, daß die Federung um so härter ist, je geringer der Abstand zwischen Außensträngen unterschiedlicher Ebenen ist.The suspension properties of the network depend in particular on the distance by which the outer strands of different outer planes are offset from one another in the longitudinal direction of the inner strands, which is why the distance is precisely defined in accordance with the invention. It applies that the suspension is the harder, the smaller the distance between outer strands of different levels.

Ist der Abstand der Außenstränge in unterschiedlichen Ebenen gleich dem halben Abstand zweier benachbarter Stränge in einer Ebene, wie gemäß einer besonderen Ausführung vorgesehen, so ist die Federung des Netzes besonders weich. Dies gilt selbstverständlich insbesondere dann, wenn die Abstände benachbarter Außenstränge in beiden äußeren Ebenen gleich sind.If the distance between the outer strands in different planes is equal to half the distance between two neighboring strands in one plane, as provided in accordance with a special embodiment, the suspension of the net is particularly soft. Of course, this applies in particular if the distances between adjacent outer strands are the same in both outer planes.

Im Sinne der Erfindung ist es vor allem, das Netz als Abstandshalter zwischen plattenförmigen Gegenständen, insbesondere Platten von Latentwärmespeichern, zu verwenden. Letztere verändern infolge von Temperaturschwankungen ihre Dicke, und die daraus resultierenden Veränderungen der gegenseitigen Abstände der Platten können durch das erfindungsgemäße Netz kompensiert werden, indem es durch seine erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung in der Lage ist, seine Dicke im notwendigen Umfang elastisch zu verändern.In the sense of the invention it is above all to use the net as a spacer between plate-shaped objects, in particular plates of latent heat storage. The latter change their thickness as a result of temperature fluctuations, and the resulting changes in the mutual spacing of the plates can be compensated for by the network according to the invention, by virtue of its configuration according to the invention being able to change its thickness elastically to the extent necessary.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung und deren Vorteile ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der Figurenbeschreibung.Further features of the invention and their advantages result from the subclaims and the description of the figures.

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend an einigen bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht eines Netzes schematisch, vergrößert und teilweise dargestellt,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht des Netzes nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht des Netzes nach Fig. 1 bei federnder Verformung,
Fig. 4
eine Seitenansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des Netzes,
Fig. 5
eine Seitenansicht des Netzes nach Fig. 4 bei federnder Belastung,
Fig. 6
eine Seitenansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels des Netzes,
Fig. 7
eine Seitenansicht eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels des Netzes, und
Fig. 8
eine Seitenansicht eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels des Netzes.
The invention will be explained in more detail below using some preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a plan view of a network schematically, enlarged and partially shown,
Fig. 2
2 shows a side view of the network according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
2 shows a side view of the net according to FIG. 1 with resilient deformation,
Fig. 4
a side view of a second embodiment of the network,
Fig. 5
3 shows a side view of the network according to FIG. 4 with resilient loading,
Fig. 6
a side view of a third embodiment of the network,
Fig. 7
a side view of a fourth embodiment of the network, and
Fig. 8
a side view of a fifth embodiment of the network.

Ein in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestelltes Netz 10 weist drei unterschiedliche Ebenen 11, 12, 13 auf, die strich-punktliniert in den Figuren angedeutet sind. Diese Ebenen 11, 12, 13 erstrecken sich parallel zueinander, wobei auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der mittleren Ebene 12 je eine der äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 angeordnet ist.A network 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has three different levels 11, 12, 13, which are indicated by dash-dotted lines in the figures. These levels 11, 12, 13 extend parallel to one another, one of the outer levels 11, 13 being arranged on opposite sides of the middle level 12.

Während sich Innenstränge 14 im wesentlichen parallel und mit gleichmäßigem gegenseitigen Abstand in der mittleren Ebene 12 erstrecken, sind in den äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 gleichgerichtet verlaufende Außenstränge 15, 16 angeordnet. Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, kreuzen sich die Außenstränge 15, 16 mit den Innensträngen 14, und zwar vorzugsweise unter einem Winkel kleiner oder größer 90°, insbesondere 75°. Die Außenstränge 15, 16 sind an den Kreuzungsstellen mit den Innensträngen 14 verbunden.While inner strands 14 extend essentially parallel and with a uniform mutual spacing in the middle plane 12, outer strands 15, 16 which run in the same direction are arranged in the outer planes 11, 13. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the outer strands 15, 16 intersect with the inner strands 14, preferably at an angle less than or greater than 90 °, in particular 75 °. The outer strands 15, 16 are connected to the inner strands 14 at the crossing points.

Die Außenstränge 15, 16 sind auf die äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 verteilt. Die Außenstränge 15 in der Ebene 11 verlaufen ebenso wie die Außenstränge 16 in der Ebene 13 parallel zueinander. In jeder Ebene 11, 12, 13 weisen die Innenstränge 14 bzw. Außenstränge 15, 16 einen gleichen Abstand auf. Die Außenstränge 15 und 16 der unterschiedlichen äußeren Ebenen 11 und 13 sind parallel verlaufend ausgerichtet.The outer strands 15, 16 are distributed over the outer levels 11, 13. The outer strands 15 in the plane 11 run in the same way as the outer strands 16 in the plane 13. In each plane 11, 12, 13, the inner strands 14 and outer strands 15, 16 have the same distance. The outer strands 15 and 16 of the different outer levels 11 and 13 are aligned in parallel.

Die Innenstränge 14 wie auch Außenstränge 15, 16 haben einen im wesentlichen geradlinigen Verlauf, was aus Fertigungsgründen, aber auch hinsichtlich der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Netzes 10 zweckmäßig ist. Bei Belastung des Netzes 10 durch Zug in Richtung der Außenstränge 15, 16 oder Innenstränge 14 weist dieses dadurch eine gute Stabilität auf.The inner strands 14 as well as the outer strands 15, 16 have an essentially straight course, which is expedient for manufacturing reasons, but also with regard to the mechanical properties of the network 10. When the network 10 is loaded by tension in the direction of the outer strands 15, 16 or inner strands 14, this has good stability.

In den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß Fig. 1 bis 7 sind die parallelen Außenstränge 15, 16 der unterschiedlichen äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 in Längsrichtung der Innenstränge 14 zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Dieses hat besondere Bedeutung für die Federungseigenschaften des Netzes 10. Wenn nämlich die Außenstränge 15 der äußeren Ebene 11 in Richtung der Ebene 12 mit einer Kraft beaufschlagt werden, so hat dieses eine Relativbewegung der Außenstränge 15, 16 und eine Verformung der Innenstränge 14 zur Folge. Die Außenstränge 15, 16 bewegen sich in Richtung der Innenstränge 14 bei gleichzeitiger elastischer Verformung der Innenstränge 14, die einen wellenförmigen Verlauf einnehmen (Fig. 3 und 5). Diese Relativbewegung führt gewissermaßen zu einer Überlappung der äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 mit der mittleren Ebene 12, oder anders ausgedrückt, die äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 bewegen sich aufeinanderzu und legen sich aneinander an, wenn das Netz 10, 17, 18, 19 eine "geblockte" Stellung einnimmt, in der ein weiteres Zusammendrücken des Netzes 10, 17, 18, 19 nicht mehr möglich ist.In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 7, the parallel outer strands 15, 16 of the different outer planes 11, 13 are arranged offset to one another in the longitudinal direction of the inner strands 14. This is of particular importance for the suspension properties of the net 10. If a force is applied to the outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11 in the direction of the plane 12, this results in a relative movement of the outer strands 15, 16 and a deformation of the inner strands 14. The outer strands 15, 16 move in the direction of the inner strands 14 with simultaneous elastic deformation of the inner strands 14, which assume an undulating course (FIGS. 3 and 5). This relative movement to a certain extent leads to an overlap of the outer planes 11, 13 with the middle plane 12, or in other words, the outer planes 11, 13 move towards one another and abut one another when the network 10, 17, 18, 19 forms a " blocked "position, in which a further compression of the network 10, 17, 18, 19 is no longer possible.

Aus den Fig. 3 und 5 ist zum besseren Verständnis die Relativbewegung des Netzes 10, 17 bei Kraftbeaufschlagung desselben zwischen zwei ebenen, nicht dargestellten Flächen erkennbar. In diesen Figuren ist das Netz 10, 17 in nahezu "geblockter" Stellung dargestellt, in der der Abstand der genannten Flächen gleich der Summe der Durchmesser zweier Stränge (Innenstränge 14 bzw. Außenstränge 15, 16) ist. Die Federungseigenschaften des Netzes 10 hängen dabei wesentlich von dem Abstand ab, um den die Außenstränge 15 der äußeren Ebene 11 zu den Außensträngen 16 der äußeren Ebene 13 versetzt sind. Ist der Abstand gering (vgl . Fig. 1 bis 3), so ist die Federung des Netzes 10 verhältnismäßig hart.3 and 5, for better understanding, the relative movement of the network 10, 17 when the same is applied between two flat surfaces, not shown, can be seen. In these figures, the network 10, 17 is shown in an almost "blocked" position, in which the distance between the surfaces mentioned is equal to the sum of the diameters of two strands (inner strands 14 or outer strands 15, 16). The suspension properties of the net 10 depend essentially on the distance by which the outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11 are offset from the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13. If the distance is small (see FIGS. 1 to 3), the suspension of the net 10 is relatively hard.

Ist der Abstand der Außenstränge 15, 16 der unterschiedlichen äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 dagegen größer, sind nämlich wie beim in den Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Außenstränge 15 bzw. 16 der einen Ebene 11 bzw. 13 auf Lücke zu den Außensträngen 15 bzw. 16 der anderen äußeren Ebene 11 bzw. 13 angeordnet, so ist die Federung eines Netzes 17 weich.If, on the other hand, the distance between the outer strands 15, 16 of the different outer planes 11, 13 is greater, the outer strands 15 and 16 of one plane 11 and 13 are in gap with the outer strands 15, as in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 or 16 of the other outer level 11 or 13, the suspension of a network 17 is soft.

Demgemäß ist es nach der Erfindung allein durch die entsprechende Festlegung dieses Abstands möglich, die Federungseigenschaften des Netzes wesentlich zu beeinflussen, wobei auch andere (als die dargestellen) Anordnungen der Außenstränge 15, 16 innerhalb der äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 zu diesem Zweck denkbar sind.Accordingly, according to the invention, it is possible to influence the suspension properties of the network substantially only by appropriately determining this distance, other (than the illustrated) arrangements of the outer strands 15, 16 within the outer planes 11, 13 being conceivable for this purpose.

Bei dem in Fig. 6 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die gegenseitigen Abstände der Außenstränge 15 und 16 der jeweiligen äußeren Ebene 11 bzw. 13 zwar gleich, doch weist die äußere Ebene 13 die doppelte Anzahl von Strängen 16 gegenüber der äußeren Ebene 11 auf. Die gegenseitigen Abstände der Außenstränge 16 der äußeren Ebene 13 sind derart, daß zwischen zwei benachbarten Außensträngen 15 der äußeren Ebene 11 stets zwei der Außenstränge 16 der äußeren Ebene 13 angeordnet sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform eines Netzes 18 werden bei Kraftbeaufschlagung desselben die Innenstränge 14 zwar auch wellenartig verformt. Die Verformung der Innenstränge 14 um die Außenstränge 15 ist aber größer als die Verformung der Innenstränge 14 um die Außenstränge 16. Die Federung des derart ausgebildeten Netzes 18 ist härter als in den zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbei spielen.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the mutual distances of the outer strands 15 and 16 of the respective outer plane 11 and 13 are the same, but the outer plane 13 has twice the number of strands 16 compared to the outer plane 11. The mutual distances between the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13 are such that two of the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13 are always arranged between two adjacent outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11. In this embodiment of a network 18, the same when the force is applied Inner strands 14 are also deformed in a wave-like manner. The deformation of the inner strands 14 around the outer strands 15 is, however, greater than the deformation of the inner strands 14 around the outer strands 16. The suspension of the net 18 thus formed is harder than in the exemplary embodiments described above.

Bei einem in Fig. 7 dargestellten Netz 19 sind die Abstände der Außenstränge 16 der äußeren Ebene 13 derart verändert, daß abwechselnd einmal zwei der Außenstränge 16 zwischen zwei der benachbarten Außenstränge 15 der äußeren Ebene 11 angeordnet sind, während die äußere Ebene 13 in dem Bereich zwischen den nächsten beiden Außensträngen 15 der äußeren Ebene 11 frei von den Außensträngen 16 ist. Dieses Netz 19 weist partiell unterschiedliche Federungseigenschaften auf, wobei die Federung dort, wo die Außenstränge 16 zwischen den Außensträngen 15 angeordnet sind, härter ist.In a network 19 shown in Fig. 7, the distances between the outer strands 16 of the outer plane 13 are changed such that two of the outer strands 16 are alternately arranged between two of the adjacent outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11, while the outer plane 13 in the area between the next two outer strands 15 of the outer plane 11 is free of the outer strands 16. This net 19 has partially different suspension properties, the suspension being harder where the outer strands 16 are arranged between the outer strands 15.

Bei einem in der Fig. 8 gezeigten Netz 20 verlaufen die Außenstränge 15 und Außenstränge 16 ebenfalls gleichgerichtet bzw. parallel zueinander, sie liegen sich aber im wesentlichen deckungsgleich gegenüber, sind also nicht in Längsrichtung der Innenstränge 14 versetzt. Dieses Netz 20 weist nur geringe Federungseigenschaften auf. Es ermöglicht aber einen konstanten und verhältnismäßig großen Abstand der auf Distanz zu haltenden Waren bzw. Gegenstände mit geringem Querschnitt der einzelnen Außenstränge 15, 16 und Innenstränge 14.In the case of a network 20 shown in FIG. 8, the outer strands 15 and outer strands 16 likewise run in the same direction or parallel to one another, but they are essentially congruent with one another and are therefore not offset in the longitudinal direction of the inner strands 14. This net 20 has only low suspension properties. However, it enables a constant and relatively large distance between the goods or objects to be kept at a distance with a small cross-section of the individual outer strands 15, 16 and inner strands 14.

Die Außenstränge 15, 16 und Innenstränge 14 der hier gezeigten Netze 10, 17, 18, 19 und 20 haben vorzugsweise kreisrunde und gleich große Querschnitte. Der Querschnitt der Innenstränge 14 kann aber zur Veränderung der Federungseigenschaften auch größer oder kleiner als der der Außenstränge 15, 16 sein, wobei die Federung um so härter ist, je größer der Querschnitt der Innenstränge 14 ist und umgekehrt. Auch können die Außenstränge 15, 16 und/oder Innenstränge 14 ander Querschnitte (z.B. quadratische, elliptische usw. ) aufweisen.The outer strands 15, 16 and inner strands 14 of the nets 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 shown here preferably have circular and equally large cross sections. The cross section of the inner strands 14 can, however, also be larger or smaller than that of the outer strands 15, 16 in order to change the suspension properties, the suspension being the harder the larger the cross section of the inner strands 14 and vice versa. The outer strands 15, 16 and / or inner strands 14 can also have other cross sections (for example square, elliptical, etc.).

Die Netze 10, 17, 18, 19 und 20 sind schlauchförmig ausgebildet. Die schlauchförmigen Netze 10, 17, 18, 19 und 20 lassen sich leicht auf die zu schützenden Waren oder die zu beabstandenden Gegenstände, insbesondere Platten, aufziehen. Bei Verwendung der Netze 10, 17, 18, 19 und 20 als Oberflächenschutznetze wird vor allem durch die dreilagige Ausbildung derselben ein sicherer Schutz der Waren gegen Beschädigungen geschaffen. Die in der Dicke elastisch veränderbaren schlauchförmigen Netze 10, 17, 18 und 19 bieten auch eine gute Polsterung der umhüllten Waren. Bei Verwendung insbesondere der schlauchförmigen Netze 10, 17, 18 und 19 als Abstandshalter zwischen Wärmespeicherplatten von Latentwärmespeichern dienen die elastischen Federungseigenschaften dazu, durch Temperaturänderungen bewirkte Änderungen der Dicken der Wärmespeicherplatten zu kompensieren. Dazu werden bei größer werdender Dicke der Wärmespeicherplatten die Netze 10, 17, 18 bzw. 19 zusammengedrückt.The networks 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are tubular. The tubular nets 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 can easily be pulled onto the goods to be protected or the objects to be spaced apart, in particular plates. When the nets 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are used as surface protection nets, the three-layer design of the nets provides reliable protection of the goods against damage. The tubular nets 10, 17, 18 and 19, which are elastically variable in thickness, also offer good padding for the wrapped goods. When using in particular the tubular networks 10, 17, 18 and 19 as spacers between heat storage plates of latent heat storage, the elastic suspension properties serve to compensate for changes in the thickness of the heat storage plates caused by temperature changes. For this purpose, the nets 10, 17, 18 and 19 are compressed as the thickness of the heat storage plates increases.

Vor allem bei Verwendung der Netze 10, 17, 18 und 19 als Abstandshalter bei Wärmespeicherplatten weisen die Außenstränge 15 und 16 der beiden äußeren Ebenen 11, 13 eine solche Rasterung auf, daß sie stets benachbart zu den Ecken oder Kanten der Wärmespeicherplatten verlaufen. Dadurch ist ein sicherer, verrutschungsfreier Halt der schlauchförmigen Netze 10, 17, 18 bzw. 19 auf den Wärmespeicherplatten gewährleistet.Especially when using the nets 10, 17, 18 and 19 as spacers in heat storage plates, the outer strands 15 and 16 of the two outer levels 11, 13 have such a grid that they always run adjacent to the corners or edges of the heat storage plates. This ensures a secure, slip-free hold of the tubular nets 10, 17, 18 and 19 on the heat storage plates.

Claims (14)

Netz, insbesondere Abstandshalternetz, Oberflächenschutznetz oder dergleichen, mit sich kreuzenden Strängen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stränge in mehr als zwei Ebenen (11, 12, 13) angeordnet sind und die Stränge mindestens zweier Ebenen (11, 13) gleichgerichtet verlaufen.Net, in particular spacer net, surface protection net or the like, with intersecting strands, characterized in that the strands are arranged in more than two levels (11, 12, 13) and the strands of at least two levels (11, 13) run in the same direction. Netz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stränge zweier außenliegender Ebenen (11, 13) (Außenstränge 15, 16) gleichgerichtet, insbesondere parallel, zueinander verlaufen.Network according to claim 1, characterized in that the strands of two outer levels (11, 13) (outer strands 15, 16) run in the same direction, in particular parallel, to one another. Netz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenstränge (15, 16) in parallelen, äußeren Ebenen (11, 13) auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten einer mittleren Ebene (12) angeordnet sind, insbesondere auf zwei äußere Ebenen (11, 13) verteilt sind, wobei vorzugsweise die Außenstränge (15, 16) einen gleichmäßigen gegenseitigen Abstand haben.Net according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer strands (15, 16) are arranged in parallel, outer planes (11, 13) on opposite sides of a middle plane (12), in particular on two outer planes (11, 13) are distributed, the outer strands (15, 16) preferably being evenly spaced from one another. Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenstränge (15, 16) unterschiedlicher äußerer Ebenen (11, 13) in Längsrichtung der Stränge (Innenstränge 14) der mittleren Ebene (12) versetzt sind.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer strands (15, 16) of different outer planes (11, 13) are offset in the longitudinal direction of the strands (inner strands 14) of the middle plane (12). Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens die Innenstränge (14) elastisch verformbar sind, derart, daß die Außenstränge (15, 16) in Richtung der mittleren Ebene (12) der Innenstränge (14) verschieblich sind.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least the inner strands (14) are elastically deformable in such a way that the outer strands (15, 16) are displaceable in the direction of the central plane (12) of the inner strands (14) . Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenstränge (15, 16) unterschiedlicher äußerer Ebenen (11, 13) um einen definierten Abstand, entsprechend der erforderlichen Federwirkung durch Verformung der Innenstränge (14), versetzt sind.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer strands (15, 16) of different outer planes (11, 13) are offset by a defined distance in accordance with the required spring action by deformation of the inner strands (14). Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenstränge (15, 16) der einen äußeren Ebene (11 bzw. 13) um einen Abstand versetzt sind, der dem halben Abstand zweier benachbarter Außenstränge (15, 16) der anderen äußeren Ebene (11 bzw. 13) entspricht.Net according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer strands (15, 16) of one outer plane (11 or 13) are offset by a distance which is half the distance between two adjacent outer strands (15, 16) corresponds to the other outer level (11 or 13). Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die eine äußere Ebene (11 bzw. 13) eine größere Anzahl von Außensträngen (15, 16) als die andere äußere Ebene (11 bzw. 13) aufweist.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the one outer level (11 or 13) has a greater number of outer strands (15, 16) than the other outer level (11 or 13). Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand der Außenstränge (16) in der einen Ebene (13) ungleichmäßig ist, derart, daß zwischen zwei benachbarten Außensträngen (15) der einen Ebene (11) zwei benachbarte Außenstränge (16) der anderen Ebene (13) angeordnet sind.Network according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the spacing of the outer strands (16) in one plane (13) is uneven, such that between two adjacent outer strands (15) of one plane (11) two neighboring ones Outer strands (16) of the other level (13) are arranged. Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen jeweils benachbarten Außensträngen (15) einer Ebene (11) die andere Ebene (13) abwechselnd mindestens einen Außenstrang (16) und keinen Außenstrang (16) aufweist.Network according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that between the respective adjacent outer strands (15) of one level (11) the other level (13) alternately has at least one outer strand (16) and no outer strand (16). Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenstränge (15, 16) und vorzugsweise Innenstränge (14) einen kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweisen und der Durchmesser der Außenstränge (15, 16) insbesondere gleich dem Durchmesser der Innenstränge (14) ist.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the outer strands (15, 16) and preferably inner strands (14) have a circular cross-section and the diameter of the outer strands (15, 16) is in particular equal to the diameter of the inner strands (14 ) is. Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenstränge (15, 16) und/oder Innenstränge (14) wellen-, zick-zack- oder bogenförmig verlaufen.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the outer strands (15, 16) and / or inner strands (14) extend in an undulating, zigzag or arc-shaped manner. Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenstränge (14) unter einem Winkel zu den Außensträngen (15, 16) verlaufen, der ungleich 90° ist.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the inner strands (14) run at an angle to the outer strands (15, 16) which is not equal to 90 °. Netz nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, gekennzeichnet durch eine schlauchförmige Ausbildung, wobei die Außenstränge (15, 16) im wesentlichen in Längsrichtung des Schlauches verlaufen, und insbesondere die Außenstränge (15, 16) derart angeordnet sind, daß sie benachbart zu den Außenkanten der vom Netz zu umhüllenden Waren positioniert sind.Net according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized by a tubular design, the outer strands (15, 16) running essentially in the longitudinal direction of the hose, and in particular the outer strands (15, 16) being arranged such that they are adjacent to the outer edges of the goods to be wrapped by the net are positioned.
EP93102899A 1992-03-05 1993-02-25 Net, particularly gap maintaining net, surface protecting net or such-like Expired - Lifetime EP0559068B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4206893 1992-03-05
DE19924206893 DE4206893A1 (en) 1992-03-05 1992-03-05 NET, IN PARTICULAR SPACER NET, SURFACE PROTECTION NET OR THE LIKE

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EP (1) EP0559068B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2577176B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE159672T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4206893A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0559068T3 (en)
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GR (1) GR3025252T3 (en)

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DE19625472A1 (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-02 Norddeutsche Seekabelwerk Gmbh Net, in particular surface protection net, anti-slip net, spacer net or the like, and method for producing the same
US6833101B2 (en) * 1998-03-27 2004-12-21 Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke Gmbh & Co. Method for making a plastic mesh structure
US6060407A (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-05-09 Atlantech International, Inc. Advanced integrally formed load support systems
US20060049388A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-09 Knott James M Jr Wire mesh sandwich construction and method for making the same
US20070199654A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Conwed Plastics Llc Layered plastic netting
JP5667878B2 (en) * 2007-12-28 2015-02-12 オルバニー インターナショナル コーポレイション Super elastic cushion
US10590571B2 (en) * 2007-12-28 2020-03-17 Albany International Corp. Ultra-resilient pad
US10590569B2 (en) * 2007-12-28 2020-03-17 Albany International Corp. Ultra-resilient fabric
MX2010007208A (en) * 2007-12-28 2010-12-17 Albany Int Corp Ultra-resilient fabric.

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ATE159672T1 (en) 1997-11-15
ES2108771T3 (en) 1998-01-01
DE4206893A1 (en) 1993-09-09
US5436052A (en) 1995-07-25
EP0559068B1 (en) 1997-10-29
JPH06135455A (en) 1994-05-17
DK0559068T3 (en) 1998-07-20
JP2577176B2 (en) 1997-01-29
DE59307586D1 (en) 1997-12-04
GR3025252T3 (en) 1998-02-27

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