EP0554241A1

EP0554241A1 - Device for orienting rotor blades in a transverse fluid flow and applications

Info

Publication number: EP0554241A1
Application number: EP90915991A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Robert Edmond Lipp
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1990-10-15
Filing date: 1990-10-15
Publication date: 1993-08-11
Also published as: WO1992007189A1

Abstract

Dispositif concernant tous les générateurs et les propulseurs travaillant dans un flux de fluide. Les axes de pivotement, en (A), des pales (P) sont parallèles à l'arbre (1) du rotor (9), sur la périphérie duquel elles sont disposées. Chacune d'elle est solidaire d'un pignon denté (A) constamment en prise avec son pignon intermédiaire (I), lui-même en prise permanente avec le pignon central (C), fixe dans l'absolu, mais décentré d'une façon réglable par rapport à l'arbre (1); le pignon (I) restant libre par ailleurs. (A) étant le double (en pointillé sur la figure), ou l'égal, de (C), suivant l'option choisie pour l'orientation des pales. La distance C1 déterminant les incidences optima pour un écoulement laminaire du fluide suivant une large section rectangulaire. Les rotations intérieures, quasi uniformes, se faisant sans à-coups.Device relating to all generators and thrusters working in a fluid stream. The pivot axes, at (A), of the blades (P) are parallel to the shaft (1) of the rotor (9), on the periphery of which they are arranged. Each of them is integral with a toothed pinion (A) constantly in mesh with its intermediate pinion (I), itself in permanent mesh with the central pinion (C), fixed in absolute terms, but off-center by a adjustably relative to the shaft (1); the pinion (I) otherwise remaining free. (A) being the double (dashed in the figure), or the equal, of (C), depending on the option chosen for the orientation of the blades. The distance C1 determining the optimum incidences for a laminar flow of the fluid following a large rectangular section. The interior rotations, almost uniform, being done without jerks.

Description

-Direction device for the blades of a rotor in a transverse flow of fluid and application thereof.

The blades of the rotor in question in this presentation are regularly arranged on its circular periphery and are capable of pivoting on themselves around an axis parallel to that of the rotor. The assembly being immersed in a fluid whose displacement is perpendicular to said axes; this movement of the fluid existing independently of the operation of the rotor, or being caused by it. Depending on the case, it is a generator or a propellant. The technical field concerned by the first is that of wind turbines, turbines, etc. That of the second concerns, on the one hand the propulsion of the fluid itself (pumps, fans, blowers, etc.), on the other hand propulsion of mobiles when the reaction on the rotor support is sought (boats, various vehicles using an air jet, etc.).

The device of the present invention allows precise adjustment of the orientation of the blades, adaptable or not during operation, and uses only the almost uniform rotation of toothed pinions, which determines a great smoothness of operation and the possibility of high fluid velocities in undisturbed flow. This is not the case with existing rotors of the same type, where lever devices are generally used, with no precise adjustment possible and without the possibility of large fluid velocities. Before approaching any description of the device, it is preferable to clearly define the desired orientations of the blades, and for this to consider first of all the orientations and the relative speeds of the fluid flows which act on them at each point of their trajectory. circular.

To make the following more concrete, a wind turbine with a vertical axis will be considered, the blades of which have been temporarily removed, turning in a counterclockwise direction, in a northwesterly wind. At point A in Figure 1, the vectors Va (absolute wind), v (wind due to the peripheral speed) and Vr converge (resulting relative wind, fig 1). We have, vectorially,: Vr = Ve-v

From point A, let us trace the normals to these three vectors; That of the vector Vr intersects the line EW at a point B, in the west. The triangle ABO is similar to the triangle formed by the previous vectors, and we have: Vr: AB = Va: BQ = v: OA - v: R

R being the radius of the rotor.

It follows that BO = Va x R: v

Point B is therefore fixed, in the west of the rotor, if the absolute wind and the speed of rotation are constant.

So here we have a very convenient graphic process to determine the relative winds that act on the blades, which allows to orient them at each point for a maximum torque applied to the rotor shaft. If, for example, we want the fluid to keep its continuous flow, the incidence must be low and between zero and about twenty degrees.

Under these conditions we see that the orientation of the blades is correct when their normal passes through a fixed point B '.

If B 'is to the right of B, it is a generator; otherwise, it is a propellant. We have considered here only points B and B 'located outside the rotor so as not to burden this presentation. Let us follow a blade from the east, in the trigonometric direction (fig 2):

At the start it is necessarily oriented towards the North, ie "in flag", because no favorable thrust is possible when the flow is opposite to the displacement.

Then it gradually rotates to the left, without the incidence of the relative wind exceeding that of the "setback". Around the NN two options are possible, depending on whether or not we want the flow to remain in continuous flow.

In the first option, from this point, the blade begins to "turn back", that is to say, stops in azimuth and begins to turn to the right. It is again directed towards the North when it passes to the West (VI) and continues its rotation to the right until its maximum azimuth (Z), which occurs towards the SSW (symmetric point of the preceding with respect to l 'EW axis). It "turns back" again to find itself directed north at point E. Throughout the approximate sector going from NW to S, the thrust is less than it would be if the "disturbed flow" of the fluid was accepted, as in the second option. In the latter, the blade does not start to "turn back" towards the NN, but continues for some time its movement of rotation towards the left, which then determines a "detachment" of the threads of fluid, towards the w two cases of this second option is possible. The first one does not interest us here, because it supposes that, like the sailboats which "jibe" while veering from the downwind edge, the blade turns suddenly to the left, to resume a slow rotation, always to the left, and end up facing the wind to the east.

The second case is more original and has the advantage of not requiring a brutal shock: the blade, towards the NW, continues its rotation to the left to find itself perpen¬ dicular to the absolute wind to the West; the flow of the fluid, although "disturbed", causes a thrust despite everything important, very well directed to increase the torque exerted on the rotor shaft (Fig 2, option 2). However the wind

1 "attack" now on its "trailing edge": it must therefore be designed for this and therefore have a lenticular profile with two axes of symmetry (while generally they have only one axis of symmetry longitu - dinal). Around the SW, it finds the orientation conditions of the first option, and is, in the East, again oriented towards the North, but having made only a half-whole since the departure of this point .

In conclusion, in the first option the overall tendency of the blade is to remain oriented towards the North. In the second, it is to rotate regularly at half the speed of the rotor (existing device, but without the "shift" exposed more ioinj. The device of the present invention, in addition to generating these two "basic movements" by the appropriate choice of the ratios of the gears which it implements, algebraically adds a correction adjustable in amplitude, cyclic, of the same period as that of the rotation of the rotor, which determines the desired final orientations.

Its objective may however be limited to ensuring, the essential harmonization of the orientations of the blades when these are determined by another device (for example a self-orientation device). 0 f (fig 9) The device of the present invention is p characterized by the presence of a central toothed pinion, circular or elliptical, perfect or approximate. fixed relative to the absolute direction Vadu fluid flow and placed, or can be, eccentrically relative to the axis of the rotor. (0) p

In addition, each blade is integral with a toothed satellite gear A in engagement with an intermediate gearI, itself also in engagement with the central gearÇ- Links ensuring the correct contact of the gears, without the freedom of the intermediate gears being limited by to very devices.

Each of these pinions can in reality consist of several integral pinions, parallel and of the same axis of rotation, to allow, among other purposes, 5 overlaps for greater deflections.

The arrangement of these gear trains may be more ^' complex due to construction considerations, provided that the assembly is mechanically equivalent to the above description. The blades may moreover not be directly attached to their satellite pinion, but be required to follow their movement exactly by chains. toothed belts, drive shafts carried by the rotor, etc. (fig 3). To simplify the presentation of the operation, we will consider, although this is not an obligation, that the radii of these three toothed pinions are equal. Of value "r" (this is then the 1st option (lig 33 page 2). The "links" 5 mentioned may be simple

elongated "arms" 10, provided with a pin at each of their two ends, which hold the axes of two pinions in engagement at the right distance (fig. 5). In general, the axis of the rotor crosses the central pinion by an elongated opening which allows the clearance necessary for the “decentering” of these two parts relative to one another. The trunnion of the corresponding link must be of large diameter for the same reason. These "connections" with the central pinion must be "stepped" along this one, because there are as many as blades, unless recourse is had to other devices. One of these is a simple spring (Ress.) (With flange, spiral, blade, elastic, etc.) which, bearing on the rotor, exerts a suitable pressure on each arm of the connection 10 des intermediate gears with the planet gears A (Fig. 5) Pivoting counterweights Pd linked to these "arms" also compensate for the tendency of the intermediate gears to detach due to centrifugal force (fig. 5).

Another device (fig. 4) consists in "encircling" all of the intermediate pinions by "enclosing" their axis, with the appropriate clearance, by a crown 11 remaining otherwise free (the rotor should have at least three blades ). The contact of these axes with the crown to be made by means of cylindrical "sleeves" protecting them. These "sleeves" can advantageously be replaced by "skids" B carried by the axes of the intermediate pinions and matching the internal shape of the crown so that sliding is possible, with or without the interposition of balls or rollers. It is necessary to provide either several crowns, or only one arranged in a circular groove made in each of the intermediate gears, in the middle (Fig. 6). The pads P can be simple ball bearings.

It should be noted that the intermediate pinions are only supported by their links, in particular those (10) linking them to the satellite pinions; these can also pivot on a robust pin K linked to the rotor itself, provided that its axis is in line with that of the blade in question (Fig. 15). -b- In order to explain the operation of the device of the present invention, it is necessary to describe more concretely the wind turbine already taken as an example.

Fig 15 To allow the planned adjustments, the centrar pinion is mounted on a "rotary base ^{5 which} can pivot,

5 on rail or circular slide ^ fixed on the outer seat of the wind turbine, concentric between the rotor shaft, so that it can be oriented towards the absolute wind.

A slide, carried by this part, allows lateral translation, generally rectilinear, of the pinion

10 central, which can thus be "off-center" by an adjustment using a jack by worm or other device) relative to the rotor shaft.

This crosses these two parts through openings allowing the above-mentioned maneuvers. In addition, 15 in some achievements. it will be possible to modify the orientation of the central pinion with respect to the "rotary base" and even to cause the complete separation of these two elements. The latter possibility being essential, concurrently an instantaneous cancellation 20 of the "off center", so that the blades are all "feathered", in order to prevent any damage relating to a sudden oversold-

This wind turbine, now concretely established, will allow the study of the directions of its blades.

O ^ R First of all, after orienting the slide ^G re from the base towards the North, we temporarily cancel the "off-center" of the central pinion. By construction, and in a definitive way, we then “wedge” all the blades, on their satellite pinion so that they are all oriented-

30 tees to the North. The angle "bi" formed by the half straight lines joining the centers of the intermediate pinion and the satellite pinion ^A to the center of the central pinion ^c (fig 7), is then equal for all the blades. It is given by the relation: cos bi ≈ R: 4 r

^J R being the invariable distance which separates the blades from the center of the rotor, - and "r" the radius, which we have chosen equal for all the pinions, in order to simplify the expressions. "R""r", and therefore "bi", are construction data, by definition invariable. 40 For the purposes of the demonstration, we temporarily "separate" a blade fitted with its satellite pinion from the rotor, and place it anywhere (fig. 8), within a radius, however, limited by the "links" already mentioned. The blade then deviates by an angle Z towards East or West from its initial North position. The angle bi becomes b (angle fai by the centers of the central pinion and satellite, seen d center C of the central pinion). We can easily see that Z is four times the value of the difference between "b" and "bi" and that cos b = d: 4r d being the distance separating the centers of pinions central and satellite, we see that the deviation of the blade depends only on this value, whatever the location of the blade (whether it is in place or "disconnected").

After having reattached the blade to its place on the rotor, we give a "center offset" "e" to the center pinion C on its slide, opposite to the North (fig. 9), and we call "a" angle at which the rotor turned from the blade pass to the east. The triangle OCA gives the relation :: d square = R square + e square - 2 R e cos (a + 90 °) that is: d square = R square + e square + 2 R e sin a

We have seen that: d = 4 r cos b therefore: (4r) square x (cos b) square = R square + e square + 2 Re sina

In addition C fig 8): cos bi = R: 4r

If we adopt once and for all "4r for unit of length, we have the following three formulas which give Z (orientation of the blade relative to North) as a function of" a "(rotation of the rotor from its passage to the East):

Z = 4 (b-bi) with: cos bi = R and

(cos b) square = R square + e square + 2 Re sina

The factors R and bi are construction data and "e" is the "shift" of the central pinion C (all in units "4r").

These formulas show that for a defined wind turbine and a given "shift": 1 / The deviation of the blades to the East and to the West is identical and always equal to 4 times the difference between "b" and "bi" (Cos "b" being the square root of the sum of the squares of cos bi and "e").

2 / The deviation of the blades in absolute value is maximum in the North and in the South. The "cusp" is not exactly towards the NNW and the SSW, as it would be as expected on page 2 line 36 (we will see later how to improve this result)

The formulas show that for "a" more or less 90 °: cos bNord = cos bi + e cos bSud = cos bi minus e.

The Z being always 4 times the difference of "b" and "bi".

The introduction of a "shift" "e" produced an identical deflection of the blade to the east and to the west (Z EW). It is therefore advisable, at each shift, to rotate the central pinion by this quantity (Z EW) so that the blades E and W are again oriented towards the North at these two places.

The mechanism of the wind turbine presented effectively makes it possible to rotate the central pinion on its "rotary base" by the quantity minus Z (EW).

If this mechanism does not exist or if you do not want to use it, it is always possible to rotate

5 the base on the left to obtain the same result (fig

10).

Q

The simplest is to provide the slide of the central pinion on the slightly curved base so that this pinion pivots to the left when the "decentring" increases. This maneuver having, moreover, the effect

C to slightly offset the central pinion to the right, which is equivalent to a rotation of the line NS of the wind turbine; which also goes in the direction of the desired goal. This curvature is very small, as shown by the few numerical results which follow. The conduct of these calculations is as follows: We first chose the "bi" (construction data of the wind turbines): that is to say the angle, seen from the center of the central pinion, that the centers make between them of the other two gears when the "shift" ^* is canceled. The "bi" chosen are: 45 ° 40 ° 35 ° 30 °.

We then calculated the azimuths of the blades to the N and to the S (to the East and to the W they are zero) for some "selected offsets", designated by the ratio "g" with the radius "r" of all pinions: (g = OC)

"g": "r" = 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.75

It should be recalled that the "shift" "e" in the formulas corresponds to a quarter of these figures, the unit chosen being 4r.

For each of these data, we first calculated Z °, which is four times the difference between "b EW" and "bi"; that is to say the angle whose azimuths must be corrected so that they are zero at 1 'E and at W: square of cos bEW - square of cos bi + square of "e".

The azimuths of the blades in the North and in the South, before the corrective pivoting of Z °, are calculated as being four times the difference of the "b" concerned with "bi". These "b", N and S, are given by the formulas: cos b = cos bi more or less "e" (depending on whether it is North or South).

Finally we must subtract Z ° from these two quantities found (in absolute value we must add to N and subtract from S).

The azimuths of the north and south blades are as follows (they are zero at 1 'E and at W).

The differences between the absolute values of the orientations in the North and in the South are not inevitably unfavorable. On the contrary, they can be sought by the manufacturers, to ^" take account of the deflection of the fluid current in the trigonometric direction which is produced by the North blades (fig 11).

We have seen (page 2, line 36) that it was preferable that the "cusp" of the North blades be towards the NNW rather than to the North, as is the case for the wind turbine presented as an example.

It can therefore be advantageous to rotate the latter in a trigonometric direction (that is to say move, or rotate its central pinion; this maneuver can moreover be taken into account by the curvature of the slide cited on page 8 line 30).

The flow of fluid of interest to the blades located in the South being deflected in the trigonometric direction, these therefore have their "cusp" point placed in the favorable zone, but the previous rotation of the windmill will partly destroy this happy circumstance.

It will therefore be necessary to adopt the half measure which will allow the desirable orientations, taking into account that this rotation will increase in absolute values. The azimuths

N and will decrease those of S.

D Deflectors can also be used, internally or externally (or both), to channel, on the South blades, the flow of fluid in the exact orientation desired (for generators and propellers) (fig 12).

Another, more complex device falling within the scope of the present invention can be implemented so that the North and South cusps are "offset" to the west. ^{ffi <} 3 ¹³⁾

It consists in "ovalizing" the pinions centered! and intermediate, that is to say, give them the form of identical slings, their axis being located on one of their focal points.

To ensure transmission with the satellite pin A, which remains circular, the following arrangement is provided: (dotted fig 13) The intermediate pinion ^' I is actually composed of two parallel pinions which are integral by their common axis.

One of them is the preceding elliptical pin, in engagement with the central elliptical pinion, the other is circular and in engagement with the satellite pinion, also circular.

As we did for the previous wind turbine, orient the "rotary base" 5 towards the North, and center one of the foci F of the central pinion on the center of the rotor (Fig. 13). When one of the blades is in the East, its intermediate pinion and the central pinion, both elliptical, must have their major axes aligned (towards the NNE in the case of figure), the "links" must join their straight foci , and the blade facing north. When we slowly rotate the rotor counterclockwise, the intermediate gear rotates more slowly than it would in the previous wind turbine, because FT is shorter than TH. Therefore the blade P, the orientation of which results from the difference between this rotation and that which it would have if the pinions were circular, gradually takes an orientation "to the left".

At point II ', when the intermediate pinion has turned 180 °, we have Il'T' = FT '. The speed of rotation of the blade relative to that of the wind turbine is then the same as in the preceding wind turbine and the blade stops in orientation, before "starting again" in the other direction. This is the desired "cusp" and it occurs well towards the NNW.

The "connection" F II 'has rotated 90 ° + x and: sin x = 2c: 2a ≈ e (eccentricity of the ellipse).

To the W the blade is again North; the "cusp point" South is towards the SSW, symmetrically to the previous point relative to the EW line. It should be noted that the distance FI is constant, which makes it possible to use all the "links" presented previously.

The "shift" of the central pinion, which we are now carrying out, adds to these orientations of the blades, the previous orientations of the circular pinions. The elliptical gears only "shift" the "cusps" towards the W, without modifying the other characteristics. The same result is obtained by keeping the central pinion circular and "ovalizing" the satellite and intermediate pinions.

To obtain the orientations of the blades of the 2nd option (page 3. lines 20 to 40), that is to say that concerning the rotors whose blades generally rotate half as fast as the rotor, it suffices to double the radius of the pinion satellite A. The decentering of the central pinion C also causes an alternative correction, of sinusoidal shape, of the initial orientation of the blades, of period only the rotation of the rotor.

Without "shift", the blades N and S are oriented at 45 * from the "bed" of the fluid. If the peripheral speed of the rotor equals that of the fluid, all the blades are then "in flags" in the relative flows. In order for work to come into play, it is therefore appropriate, without going beyond the "dropout incidences", to "separate" these blades from the N / S line even more for a generator, and vice versa for a propellant; what operates the "shift" of the pinion C. The blades is remaining N / S and the blades W remaining E / W, not working but keeping the fluid flow laminar, which ensures good efficiency.

From these positions we will call "home", we can relatively decrease the speed périphé¬ America for a propellant ^and auçsienter for a generator. The correction of the orientation of the blades will then be done contrary to what has just been said. A discontinuous flow begins to create towards the blades W. The blades will "pass", at a given moment, by 45 ^e of the "bed" of the fluid and the pinion C will be momentarily centered on O. In all cases the blades E and W keep their initial orientation N / S and EW.

It would seem that option 1 mainly concerns high fluid speeds for a moderate rotor speed (therefore a high torque); option 2 mainly concerns periophric speeds of the rotor of the same order as that of the fluid (without cusp, but with blades with double symmetry). Figure 14 shows the mechanism of a propellant according to the device of the present invention. The rotor is a "squirrel cage" (or a half) secured to its motor shaft (1), held on its seat by its two journals (2) (or only one if it is a "half cage"). A watertight casing "3", integral with the rotor, envelops all the pinions AIC, letting through only the shafts of the blades, also integral with the planet gears A. These shafts being hollow so as to be able to pivot i around the "bars of the" squirrel cage ". A" rotary base "" 5 "inside the housing is secured to a circular rod" 6 "placed concentrically with one of the rotor journals, hollow for the circumstance. this shaft, by bevel gears (7) is necessary so that the rod "6" can go outside. In this way it is easy to act on the orientation of this rod, integral with 1 "base rotary " ^{^} whose orientation determines the direction of the fluid flow.

As has already been said, the central pinion C is maintained on its "rotary base", but can slide transversely with respect to it to allow "decentering" adapted to the operating conditions (this decentring being able, in certain achievements on either side of the center of the central gable).

This decentering can be controlled, from the outside, by the sliding, or rotation, of a rod "8" moving inside the rod "6". The first maneuver acting by an inclined slide on the movement, at 90 ^th , of the central pinion on the "base" ^ In the second, the same result is obtained by the rotation of a small toothed pinion linked to this rod, in engaged with a toothed ramp bound ^e to the central gear along its slide. ^G -

These propellers with a horizontal axis, with a sealed casing or not, of the first or second option, are well suited to small fast ships often sailing in shallow waters.

They can also be mounted on aircraft, being, for example, placed on each side, under or replacing, the wings of airplanes. the axes of rotation being horizontal. A vertical takeoff is then possible, by simply acting on the orientation of the "rotary base". A vertical thrust acting at the front or at the rear of the aircraft is then necessary to balance the torque created by the reaction of the engine torque applied to the rotor. The aircraft can also plan, even if it does not have a wing, the rotor being stopped or rotating slowly, blades parallel (central pinion not off-center).

Such propellants, acting in a gas or in a liquid, allow a very fast flow without the rotation being excessive. This characteristic is very interesting for fast vehicles, as well as for wind tunnels, where one can envisage supersonic speeds, with a "vein" of flow in continuous regular flow, of a large section; what a propeller cannot do.

Under these conditions of use, once the "cruising speed" has been reached, the blades have only a very slight variation in orientation, which implies a very small "shift", as well as a minimal eccentricity of the pinions. (when using elliptical gears). The conditions are then optimum for a very smooth operation, free of "jerk" and vibration.

Similar operating conditions are found in wind turbines with slow rotation and powerful motor torque, thus claiming only a "slight decrease. By way of example, and to end this presentation, we describe here such a wind turbine which we will assume of a fairly modest or, on the contrary, very large power, intended to actuate a pump placed at the bottom of a borehole, directly by its vertical shaft, without electrical intermediation ⁽ fig ¹⁵⁾ .

The rotor envisaged here is a "squirrel cage", 9 without a central inner shaft. Wings pivot around

4 of the "bars" of this cage, and are provided at their base with their satellite-A pinions. This one is engaged with the intermediate gear I, secured to an intermediate "assistant" gear I '(fig 15), placed under the lower horizontal "flange" of the squirrel cage. It is the latter which is engaged with the central pinion C, always external. The "link" 10 pivots around a pin / sK, linked to the "flange", whose axes are aligned with that of the satellite pinion A.

The base of the wind turbine, anchored in the ground, carries rails, or slides, ¹ circular concentric with the axis of the rotor, on which the "rotary base""5" rests, to pivot around this one (rollers, rollers, balls, can be superposed). This movement is carried out either by a simple horizontal lever, or by actuator actuated by hand or electrically.

As indicated above (page 6

G line 5), this "base" includes a slide which allows the sliding of a "central pinion support" "12", which determines the "shift". The adjustment is made by a worm wheel which can be operated by hand or by electric motor.

Finally, the central pinion ^" is linked to the intermediate pinions by its gear and the" crown "" 11 "(pk 5 line 20) which applies them against it. It is * - secured to its" support "" 12 ", by a safety clutch (line 19 pack. 6>. The device provided for line 30 on the page

4 can also be installed, to reduce the dimensions of the pinions.

The wind turbine described here by way of example is kept vertical by 3 (or more) spars, beams, or beams, forming "buttress arcs", around a rotating mast linked to the horizontal upper part of the rotor. This rotating mast can be maintained by guy wires on the rotor.

A trunnion is provided for its rotation at the junction of the beams. These are also firmly anchored in the ground and jacks are provided to adjust the alignment of the rotating mast with the drilling axis. A stop must be provided at the base of the éoli¬ enne, on the rotor shaft, for balance: scn weight. The previous flying arches can be replaced by simple guy wires made of steel wire, fitted with turnbuckles to replace the jacks. In this case, it is necessary to provide a stop at the junction of the shrouds, on the mast, to balance their tension.

It should be noted that if there are a large number of blades, their pinions should be arranged on several horizontal planes so that the space available is sufficient, as provided on page 4, lines 22 to 26.

For low or moderate powers, it will be interesting to provide a "base vane 2, 3 to compel it to" follow "the wind direction. It will have to have a very large surface, but which will be reduced by taking a small fraction of the power supplied by the wind turbine, in order to rotate the base, of significant weight. (fig 16)

In this case, it has an appendage which extends it horizontally away from the wind, on

24 which is mounted a thin plane, or a vertical profile, which "goes up", beyond the trajectory of the blades, but below the buttress arcs. The plane of this vane passing through the axis of the rotor. ^• * ^• '

Its upper part can also pivot around

25 of a "hinge", horizontal, or having a slight slope towards the center of the rotor. She is balanced to stay

26 vertical by a counterweight of weak action, so that the slightest deviation of the wind causes it to tip over on one side or the other This movement puts "in engagement" one or the other of two for this purpose. No clutch taking place when the thin plane is in the rest position, that is to say vertical. _-

In addition, a toothed pinion, whose pivot

^'' 22 is fixed on the base, is engaged with a circular toothed ring, concentric with the axis of the rotor, fixed to the base of the wind turbine.

Energy is taken from the rotor by a "PTO", (shaft 19). This can be only a simple transmission belt applied to the shaft 1 of the rotor, or a toothed pinion 17 mu by a gear 18 (worm or other) placed in a crown SUT this shaft, which continuously rotates an axis 19 carried by the base.

This rotation can be secured to that of the axis 20 carrying the pinion 21 indicated on line 34 on page 16, by means of one or the other clutch.

To do this, one or other of the aforementioned axes comprises a gear device, which determines "at the end of the journey", the rotation in opposite direction of two identical discs; each of them being an integral part of one of the 'clutches.

By this device, the wind, by slightly deflecting, causes the pivoting part 24 of the wind vane to "tilt", which actuates the corresponding clutch and engages, with the "driving force" 19, the pinion 21 which makes it pivot the base in the desired direction.

By the same process of "PTO" on the rotor shaft, one can also control the amplitude of the "decentring" of the central gear to the speed of rotation of the wind turbine.

To do this, a ball regulator, mounted on the base 5 and driven by the axis of the "PTO", controls that of the two clutches provided which will rotate, in the correct direction, the shaft of the screw endless, mounted on the base, which determines the shift, so that the speed of rotation is within the limits provided.

Similarly, a wind force indicator, which may be only a simple panel "suspended" across the wind, by a horizontal "hinge" linked to the base, can control the same operation. A certain amplitude of the angle that this panel makes with the vertical will activate a clutch which will decrease the value of the shift, until canceling it in the event of a storm. It is possible, by correctly choosing all the parameters that can be, to use this wind turbine to drill the well which will be used by the pump that it will put into action.

To do this, one or more openings must be made on the upper part of the wind turbine, in the center, or near the center, as well as a concentric recess in its shaft 5, to allow the passage of the drill rods.

These are fixed to this shaft by collars, bolting, keying, or any other means.

It is also possible to provide a preliminary lifting of the wind turbine, by jacks, or other devices, so that its weight contributes to the vertical thrust necessary for digging. The jacks can also be supported either on the frame or on the drill rods themselves; in this case they can rotate with the éoilenne rods assembly, which facilitates operations.

Claims

1) Device for orienting the blades P arranged regularly on the periphery of a rotor 9 which can pivot along their axis 4 parallel to the axis 0 of the shaft 1 of the rotor 9 perpenicular to the flow of fluid through, usable to constitute either a generator: wind turbine or turbine, or a propellant, of a mobile in a liquid or a gas, or of a fluid: fan, pump; characterized in that it comprises in combination a central pinion C fixed with respect to the direction of the fluid flow and off-center with respect to the shaft 1 of the rotor, identical toothed pinions A with dimensions equal to or double those of the pinion central C, interdependent each. s one of the pays P, and intermediate toothed gears I which, while remaining free otherwise, are required to be constantly engaged both with the central pinion C and the corresponding satellite pinion A. 5 2 Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the central toothed pinion C is maintained on a "rotary base" 5 of center O by means of a slide G, straight or slightly curved, allowing a reciprocal adjustable offset of these two elements mentioned, a clutch is also provided to disconnect them in the event of danger.

3) Device according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by the presence of at least one circular ring 11 which encloses all the axes of the intermediate pinions by the inter¬ position _ of elements B consisting of sliding "pads", or rollers , guided by slides or raceways arranged on these rings 11.

4) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axes of the pinions A and intermediate are linked by arms 10 provided with a counterweight 'Pd so that the centrifugal force exerted on Pd keeps the pinions in contact C and intermediaries !; a spring (Ress) also acting on said arm 10, by resting on the rotor 9 reinforcing this action. 5) Device according to any one of the preceding claims intended to better adapt the orientations of the blades P to the fluid flows, characterized in that the intermediate gears are each composed of two

5 parallel pinions joined together by their common axis of rotation, one I, circular, being engaged with the corresponding circular satellite pinion A, the other, I ', elliptical, being engaged with the central pinion C, identical to I ', the common axis of rotation passing through the center of the

-® circular intermediate pinion I and by one of the focal points of the elliptical intermediate pinion I '.

6) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, applied to a wind turbine with a vertical axis provided with a wind vane 23, intended to use a fraction of the energy

- ^ gie produced by said wind turbine to correctly orient the "rotary base" 5 relative to the wind direction, characterized by the presence of two rotary shafts supported by the base 5, one of which, 19, is linked to a toothed pinion 17 engaged with a circular toothed crown 18 fixed 20 on the shaft 1 of the rotor 9, the other, 20, to a toothed pinion engaged with a large circular toothed crown 22 linked to the frame concentrically with the shaft 1 of the rotor, one of these two rotary shafts 19 or 20 being linked by a set of gears to two discs rotating in opposite directions; and in that the

25 tilting on one side or the other of a vertical profile, or of a thin plane 24 taking place, around an almost horizontal axis 25 oriented in the direction of the axis 0 of the shaft 1 of the rotor 9 and articulated on the appendix 23 of the base 5, secured by the clutch 27 one or the other of the two

30 previous discs with the rotary shaft 19 or 20 remained free, a weak counterweight 26 being fixed to the thin plane, or to the profile, to balance it in the vertical position in the absence of any lateral thrust from the wind. 7) device according to claim 6, applied to a wind turbine with vertical axis, intended to use a fraction of the energy produced by said wind turbine to rotate in the right direction and in the quantity required, the worm screw mounted on 1 base 5 which causes its offset relative to the central pinion C, characterized by the presence of two rotary shafts supported by the base 5, one of which, 19, is linked to a toothed pinion 17 engaged with a circular toothed ring 18 fixed on the shaft 1 of the rotor 9, the other, 20. has its rotation linked to that of said worm, one of the two shafts 19 and 20 being linked by a set of gears to two discs rotating in opposite directions, the action of a ball regulator or a wind force indicator controls the clutches 27 by joining one or the other of the two previous discs with the rotary shaft 19 or 20 remaining free until the decentering determines a speed of rotation of the wind turbine located within the limits provided.

8) Device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 characterized by the presence of external fluid deflectors De or interior Di intended to channel the fluid threads so that they act optimally on the blades P.

9) Application of the device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, to the propulsion and or to the lift of a plane aero¬ characterized in that two devices are placed on either side, on the sides of the fuselage, replacing the wings, their axis being horizontal, so that a vertical takeoff is also possible by acting on the orientation of the rotary base 5, and that said airplane can hover, rotors stopped, central pinions C no off-center now the parallel blades. 10) Application of the device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to the realization of an éolien¬ ne with vertical axis for the foraqe of a well before it is used for pumping the liquid from the water table, characterized by the presence of at least one opening in the upper part of the rotor, in the center or near it, as well as a concentric recess in its shaft 1 , to allow the passage of drill pipes.