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EP0430825A1 - Sintered composite material for electrical contacts and contact discs using said material - Google Patents

Sintered composite material for electrical contacts and contact discs using said material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0430825A1
EP0430825A1 EP90420493A EP90420493A EP0430825A1 EP 0430825 A1 EP0430825 A1 EP 0430825A1 EP 90420493 A EP90420493 A EP 90420493A EP 90420493 A EP90420493 A EP 90420493A EP 0430825 A1 EP0430825 A1 EP 0430825A1
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Prior art keywords
graphite
nickel
particles
silver
composite material
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EP90420493A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0430825B1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Milliere
André Cloitre
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Schneider Electric SE
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Merlin Gerin SA
Schneider Electric SE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sintered composite material for the manufacture of electrical contacts, comprising a mixture of silver particles, and graphite or carbon particles coated with a metal, in particular based on nickel.
  • the amount of graphite can vary from 3 to 15% by weight depending on the applications.
  • Graphite forms with silver a composite material having a low mechanical resistance which makes it possible to limit the welding forces while retaining good thermal and electrical conductivities (low resistance of passage and heating).
  • the presence of graphite quite strongly affects the mechanical properties of the material resulting in a decrease in hardness and mechanical strength. This results in an increase in the erosion of the material, the greater the higher the graphite content.
  • Document FR-A 2.155.103 proposes to reduce the erosion effect of silver / graphic materials by the addition of nickel.
  • the presence of nickel makes it possible to improve the mechanical properties of the matrix (mechanical strength and hardness) and therefore to increase the longevity of the material.
  • This reduction is due to the fact that the nickel is dispersed in the matrix and thus replaces the silver, these materials being produced by sintering a mixture of three separate powders based on silver, nickel and graphite .
  • the object of the invention is to improve the electrical properties while reducing the erosion of a sintered composite material of electrical contact.
  • the material according to the invention is characterized in that the weight composition of the material contains 92% to 98% of silver particles, 1% to 7% of graphite particles coated with nickel, and 1% to 3% of particles of uncoated graphite, that the average size of each nickel-plated graphite particle is between 20 and 150 microns, the nickel content relative to the graphite of the nickel-plated graphite particles can vary from 20% to 85% by weight.
  • uncoated graphite particles in the mixture of silver particles and nickel-plated graphite particles makes it possible to solve the welding problems given the presence of non-metallic contact points with silver.
  • the low content (1% to 3%) of uncoated graphite nevertheless limits the erosion of the contact material.
  • the contact material 10 contains particles of silver 11 (92% to 98% by weight), particles of graphite 12 coated with a coating of nickel 14 (1% to 7% by weight) , and 1% to 3% of uncoated graphite particles.
  • the nickel-plated graphite particles 12 are obtained after superficial deposition on the graphite of a layer of high-purity nickel. This deposition is carried out by a carbonyl or other process.
  • the average size of the particles 12 of nickel-plated graphite varies from 20 to 150 microns.
  • Each silver particle 11 has a dendritic shape and an average size of between 5 and 100 microns.
  • the purity of the silver is greater than 99%.
  • the material is produced by the powder metallurgy technique by sintering the particles 11, 12, 16 previously mixed and compressed. One thus obtains a material consisting of a silver matrix in which are homogeneously distributed particles of graphite 12 nickel-plated, and particles of graphite 16 uncoated.
  • the thickness of the nickel layer on the particles 12 can be between 5 and 20 microns depending on the percentage of nickel desired.
  • the hardness HV1 of the materials can reach 60.
  • the test of the material in electrical endurance was carried out as a fixed contact on a testing machine making 5000 openings at 100 A, (220 V), facing a movable contact in Ag -Ni 60/40.
  • the average contact resistance was 0.48 milli-ohms and the total erosion of the fixed contact was 4.6 milligrams.
  • Such a material makes it possible to obtain contact pads for low-voltage electrical equipment, in particular circuit breakers, contactors and switches.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a contact pad uses a first layer of composite material described above.
  • a second silver layer can be added thereto, with a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, and compressed simultaneously with the first during the sintering operation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Sintered composite material for the manufacture of electrical contacts, which has a weight composition of 92 % to 98 % of silver particles, from 1 % to 7 % of graphite particles coated with a nickel coating and 1 % to 3 % of uncoated graphite particles. Application: contact points for breakers, contactors, switches. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative à un matériau composite fritté pour la fabrication de contacts électriques, comprenant un mélange de particules d'argent, et de particules de graphite ou carbone revêtues par un métal, notamment à base de nickel.The invention relates to a sintered composite material for the manufacture of electrical contacts, comprising a mixture of silver particles, and graphite or carbon particles coated with a metal, in particular based on nickel.

Il est classique d'utiliser un matériau constitué d'une matrice d'argent dans laquelle sont dispersées de manière homogène des particules de graphite, la quantité de graphite pouvant varier de 3 à 15% en poids suivant les applications. Le graphite forme avec l'argent un matériau composite possédant une faible résistance mécanique ce qui permet de limiter les forces de soudage tout en conservant de bonnes conductivités thermique et électrique, (résistance de passage et échauffement faibles). Malheureusement, la présence du graphite affecte assez fortement les propriétés mécaniques du matériau entraînant une diminution de la dureté et de la résistance mécanique. Il en résulte une augmentation de l'érosion du matériau d'autant plus importante que la teneur en graphite est plus élevée.It is conventional to use a material consisting of a silver matrix in which are dispersed homogeneously graphite particles, the amount of graphite can vary from 3 to 15% by weight depending on the applications. Graphite forms with silver a composite material having a low mechanical resistance which makes it possible to limit the welding forces while retaining good thermal and electrical conductivities (low resistance of passage and heating). Unfortunately, the presence of graphite quite strongly affects the mechanical properties of the material resulting in a decrease in hardness and mechanical strength. This results in an increase in the erosion of the material, the greater the higher the graphite content.

Le document FR-A 2.155.103 propose de diminuer l'effet d'érosion des matériaux argent/graphique par l'adjonction de nickel. Pour un taux de graphite constant, la présence du nickel permet en effet d'améliorer les propriétés mécaniques de la matrice, (résistance mécanique et dureté) et donc d'augmenter la longévité du matériau. Il en résulte cependant, une diminution des propriétés électriques et thermiques d'autant plus importante que le taux de nickel est élevé. Cette diminution est due au fait que le nickel se trouve dispersé dans la matrice et vient ainsi se substituer à l'argent, ces matériaux étant fabriqués par frittage d'un mélange de trois poudres distinctes à base d'argent, de nickel et de graphite.Document FR-A 2.155.103 proposes to reduce the erosion effect of silver / graphic materials by the addition of nickel. For a constant graphite content, the presence of nickel makes it possible to improve the mechanical properties of the matrix (mechanical strength and hardness) and therefore to increase the longevity of the material. However, this results in a decrease in electrical and thermal properties which is all the more significant the higher the nickel content. This reduction is due to the fact that the nickel is dispersed in the matrix and thus replaces the silver, these materials being produced by sintering a mixture of three separate powders based on silver, nickel and graphite .

Selon les documents DE-A-3.402.091 et J-57054236 l'utilisation de particules de graphite revêtues de nickel permet de réduire considérablement l'érosion des contacts sans affecter la résistance de passage et l'échauffement. Le nickel permet essentiellement d'améliorer la dureté du matériau et la qualité de l'interface argent et graphite. La présence de la couche de nickel autour des particules de graphite peut occasionner dans certains cas des problèmes de soudage et de collage, étant donné que le contact est pratiquement métallique.According to documents DE-A-3.402.091 and J-57054236 the use of graphite particles coated with nickel makes it possible to reduce considerably the erosion of the contacts without affecting the resistance of passage and the heating. Nickel essentially improves the hardness of the material and the quality of the silver and graphite interface. The presence of the nickel layer around the graphite particles can in some cases cause welding and bonding problems, since the contact is practically metallic.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à améliorer les propriétés électriques tout en diminuant l'érosion d'un matériau composite fritté de contact électrique.The object of the invention is to improve the electrical properties while reducing the erosion of a sintered composite material of electrical contact.

Le matériau selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la composition pondérale du matériau renferme 92% à 98% de particules d'argent, 1% à 7% de particules de graphite enrobées de nickel, et 1% à 3% de particules de graphite non revêtu, que la taille moyenne de chaque particule de graphite nickelé est comprise entre 20 et 150 microns, le taux de nickel par rapport au graphite des particules de graphite nickelé pouvant varier de 20% à 85% en poids.The material according to the invention is characterized in that the weight composition of the material contains 92% to 98% of silver particles, 1% to 7% of graphite particles coated with nickel, and 1% to 3% of particles of uncoated graphite, that the average size of each nickel-plated graphite particle is between 20 and 150 microns, the nickel content relative to the graphite of the nickel-plated graphite particles can vary from 20% to 85% by weight.

L'addition de particules de graphite non revêtu dans le mélange de particules d'argent et de particules de graphite nickelé permet de résoudre les problèmes de soudage étant donné la présence de points de contacts non métalliques avec l'argent. La faible teneur (1% à 3%) de graphite non revêtu limite néanmoins l'érosion du matériau de contact.The addition of uncoated graphite particles in the mixture of silver particles and nickel-plated graphite particles makes it possible to solve the welding problems given the presence of non-metallic contact points with silver. The low content (1% to 3%) of uncoated graphite nevertheless limits the erosion of the contact material.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et représenté aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue au microscope d'une poudre de graphite enrobé de nickel;
  • la figure 2 montre une vue en coupe au microscope d'un matériau composite selon l'invention;
  • la figure 3 représente une vue schématique en coupe d'une particule de graphite enrobée par du nickel.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention given by way of nonlimiting example, and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a microscope view of a graphite powder coated with nickel;
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional view under a microscope of a composite material according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a graphite particle coated with nickel.

Sur les figures 1 à 3, le matériau de contact 10 contient des particules d'argent 11 (92% à 98% en poids), des particules de graphite 12 enrobées par un revêtement de nickel 14 (1% à 7% en poids), et 1% à 3% de particules de graphite non revêtu.In FIGS. 1 to 3, the contact material 10 contains particles of silver 11 (92% to 98% by weight), particles of graphite 12 coated with a coating of nickel 14 (1% to 7% by weight) , and 1% to 3% of uncoated graphite particles.

Les particules de graphite 12 nickelé sont obtenues après dépôt superficiel sur le graphite, d'une couche de nickel de haute pureté. Ce dépôt s'effectue par un procédé carbonylique ou autre.The nickel-plated graphite particles 12 are obtained after superficial deposition on the graphite of a layer of high-purity nickel. This deposition is carried out by a carbonyl or other process.

La taille moyenne des particules 12 de graphite nickelé varie de 20 à 150 microns. Chaque particule d'argent 11 présente une forme dendritique et une taille moyenne comprise entre 5 et 100 microns. La pureté de l'argent est supérieure à 99%. Le matériau est élaboré par la technique de la métallurgie des poudres en frittant les particules 11, 12, 16 préalablement mélangées et comprimées. On obtient ainsi un matériau constitué d'une matrice d'argent dans laquelle sont réparties de manière homogène des particules de graphite 12 nickelé, et des particules de graphite 16 non revêtu. L'épaisseur de la couche de nickel sur les particules 12 peut être comprise entre 5 et 20 microns selon le pourcentage de nickel souhaité.The average size of the particles 12 of nickel-plated graphite varies from 20 to 150 microns. Each silver particle 11 has a dendritic shape and an average size of between 5 and 100 microns. The purity of the silver is greater than 99%. The material is produced by the powder metallurgy technique by sintering the particles 11, 12, 16 previously mixed and compressed. One thus obtains a material consisting of a silver matrix in which are homogeneously distributed particles of graphite 12 nickel-plated, and particles of graphite 16 uncoated. The thickness of the nickel layer on the particles 12 can be between 5 and 20 microns depending on the percentage of nickel desired.

Le tableau suivant indique trois exemples de composition pondérale de matériaux A, B, C:

Figure imgb0001
The following table shows three examples of the weight composition of materials A, B, C:
Figure imgb0001

Après élaboration, la dureté HV1 des matériaux peut atteindre 60. Le test du matériau en endurance électrique a été effectué comme contact fixe sur une machine d'essai réalisant 5000 ouvertures sous 100 A, (220 V), face à un contact mobile en Ag-Ni 60/40. La résistance de contact moyenne a été de 0,48 milli-ohms et l'érosion totale du contact fixe de 4,6 milligrammes.After development, the hardness HV1 of the materials can reach 60. The test of the material in electrical endurance was carried out as a fixed contact on a testing machine making 5000 openings at 100 A, (220 V), facing a movable contact in Ag -Ni 60/40. The average contact resistance was 0.48 milli-ohms and the total erosion of the fixed contact was 4.6 milligrams.

A titre comparatif, un matériau argent-graphite de même composition mais sans nickel élaboré et testé dans les mêmes conditions, a donné les résultats suivants: dureté HV1 de 40, résistance moyenne de contact de 0,64 milli-ohms et érosion du contact fixe de 33 milligrammes.By way of comparison, a silver-graphite material of the same composition but without nickel, developed and tested under the same conditions, gave the following results: HV1 hardness of 40, average contact resistance of 0.64 milli-ohms and erosion of the fixed contact of 33 milligrams.

Un tel matériau permet d'obtenir des pastilles de contact pour l'appareillage électrique à basse tension, notamment des disjoncteurs, contacteurs et interrupteurs.Such a material makes it possible to obtain contact pads for low-voltage electrical equipment, in particular circuit breakers, contactors and switches.

Un exemple de réalisation de pastille de contact utilise une première couche de matériau composite décrit précédemment. On peut lui adjoindre une deuxième couche en argent, d'épaisseur comprise entre 0,05 et 0,5 mm, et comprimée simultanément avec la première pendant l'opération de frittage.An exemplary embodiment of a contact pad uses a first layer of composite material described above. A second silver layer can be added thereto, with a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, and compressed simultaneously with the first during the sintering operation.

Claims (5)

Matériau composite fritté pour la fabrication de contacts électriques, comprenant un mélange de particules d'argent, et de particules de graphite ou carbone revêtues par un métal, notamment à base de nickel, caractérisé en ce que la composition pondérale du matériau renferme 92% à 98% de particules (11) d'argent, 1% à 7% de particules (12) de graphite enrobées de nickel (14), et 1% à 3% de particules (16) de graphite non revêtu, que la taille moyenne de chaque particule (12) de graphite nickelé est comprise entre 20 et 150 microns, le taux de nickel par rapport au graphite des particules (12) de graphite nickelé pouvant varier de 20% à 85% en poids.Sintered composite material for the manufacture of electrical contacts, comprising a mixture of silver particles, and graphite or carbon particles coated with a metal, in particular based on nickel, characterized in that the weight composition of the material contains 92% to 98% of particles (11) of silver, 1% to 7% of particles (12) of graphite coated with nickel (14), and 1% to 3% of particles (16) of uncoated graphite, than the average size of each particle (12) of nickel-plated graphite is between 20 and 150 microns, the level of nickel relative to the graphite of the particles (12) of nickel-plated graphite can vary from 20% to 85% by weight. Matériau composite fritté selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la taille moyenne de chaque particule (11) d'argent est comprise entre 5 et 100 microns, la pureté de l'argent étant supérieure à 99%.Sintered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the average size of each silver particle (11) is between 5 and 100 microns, the purity of the silver being greater than 99%. Matériau composite fritté selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la taille moyenne de chaque particule de graphite non revêtu est inférieure à 100 microns.Sintered composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the average size of each particle of uncoated graphite is less than 100 microns. Pastille de contact pour un appareillage électrique à basse tension, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une première couche de matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3.Contact pad for low-voltage electrical equipment, characterized in that it comprises a first layer of composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Pastille de contact selon la revendication 4,caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une deuxième couche en argent ayant une épaisseur comprise entre 0,05 et 0,5 mm, ladite deuxième couche étant comprimée simultanément avec la première couche pendant l'opération de frittage.Contact pad according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a second silver layer having a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, said second layer being compressed simultaneously with the first layer during the sintering operation .
EP19900420493 1989-11-29 1990-11-19 Sintered composite material for electrical contacts and contact discs using said material Expired - Lifetime EP0430825B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8916086A FR2655206B1 (en) 1989-11-29 1989-11-29 SINTERED COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR ELECTRIC CONTACT, AND CONTACT PAD USING THE SAME.
FR8916086 1989-11-29

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EP0430825A1 true EP0430825A1 (en) 1991-06-05
EP0430825B1 EP0430825B1 (en) 1995-01-11

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4232969A1 (en) * 1992-10-01 1994-04-07 Abb Research Ltd Electrical resistance element
EP0825682A2 (en) * 1996-08-20 1998-02-25 Wermelinger AG Maintenance-free push-in phy
CN101707146B (en) * 2009-09-24 2011-11-23 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 Ag based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof
US11070190B2 (en) * 2018-03-27 2021-07-20 Statek Corporation Silver-bonded quartz crystal

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114182126A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-15 苏州市希尔孚新材料股份有限公司 Preparation method of high-performance silver tungsten carbide graphite contact material

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1551948A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-01-03
FR2155103A5 (en) * 1971-10-07 1973-05-18 Ts Trudov Nickel-graphite-silver material prodn - for electrical contacts
DE3402091A1 (en) * 1984-01-21 1985-08-01 G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim COMPOSITE FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS
US4699763A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1551948A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-01-03
FR2155103A5 (en) * 1971-10-07 1973-05-18 Ts Trudov Nickel-graphite-silver material prodn - for electrical contacts
DE3402091A1 (en) * 1984-01-21 1985-08-01 G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim COMPOSITE FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS
US4699763A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 127 (C-113) 13 juillet 1982, & JP-A-57 054236 (MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP) 31 mars 1982, *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 155 (C-494) 12 mai 1988, & JP-A-62 267436 (SUMITOMO ELECTRIC IND LTD) 20 novembre 1987, *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4232969A1 (en) * 1992-10-01 1994-04-07 Abb Research Ltd Electrical resistance element
US5416462A (en) * 1992-10-01 1995-05-16 Abb Research Ltd. Electrical resistance element
EP0825682A2 (en) * 1996-08-20 1998-02-25 Wermelinger AG Maintenance-free push-in phy
EP0825682A3 (en) * 1996-08-20 1999-05-06 Wermelinger AG Maintenance-free push-in phy
CN101707146B (en) * 2009-09-24 2011-11-23 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 Ag based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof
US11070190B2 (en) * 2018-03-27 2021-07-20 Statek Corporation Silver-bonded quartz crystal

Also Published As

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EP0430825B1 (en) 1995-01-11
FR2655206B1 (en) 1993-12-31
DE69015987D1 (en) 1995-02-23
FR2655206A1 (en) 1991-05-31

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